Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MGT Process
MGT Process
S 1
MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Meaning:-
Management is a distinct ongoing process of allocating inputs of an
organization (human and economic resources) by typical managerial
functions (planning, organizing, directing and controlling) for the
purpose of achieving stated objectives, viz., output of goods and services
desired by its customers (environment).
It is a process of consisting of functions such as planning, organizing,
controlling business operations in such a manner as to attain the
predetermined goals.
It consist of all organizational activities that involve goal formation and
accomplishment, performance appraisal and the development of an
operating philosophy that ensures organization survival.
Definition of Management:-
FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT:-
The managers do not do the work themselves. They get the work done
through the workers. The workers should not be treated like slaves. They
should not be tricked, threatened or forced to do the work. A favourable
work environment should be created and maintained.
3. Result oriented science and art:-
4. Multidisciplinary in nature:-
Management has to get the work done through people. It has to manage
people. This is a very difficult job because different people have
different emotions, feelings, aspirations, etc. Similarly, the same person
may have different emotions at different times. So, management is a
very complex job. Therefore, management uses knowledge from many
different subjects such as Economics, Information Technology,
Psychology, Sociology, etc.
8. Situational in nature:-
Management makes plans, policies and decisions according to the
situation. It changes its style according to the situation. It uses different
plans, policies, decisions and styles for different situations.
Managers use a professional approach for getting the work done from
their subordinates. They delegate (i.e. give) authority to their
subordinates. They ask their subordinates to give suggestions for
improving their work. They also encourage subordinates to take the
initiative. Initiative means to do the right thing at the right time without
being guided or helped by the superior.
Process of Management:-
(1) Planning,
(2) Organizing,
(3) Directing,
(4) Controlling.
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Objectives of Management:
The primary objective of management is to run the enterprise smoothly.
The profit earning objective of a business is also to be kept in mind
while undertaking various functions.
2. Improving Performance:
Management should aim at improving the performance of each and
every factor of production. The environment should be so congenial that
workers are able to give their maximum to the enterprise. The fixing of
objectives of various factors of production will help them in improving
their performance.
(ii) Organization
(iii) Staffing.
(iv) Directing,
(vi) Controlling.
2. Marketing Management
3. Financial Management.
5. Office Management.
1. Production Management:
Production means creation of utilities. This creation of utilities takes
place when raw materials are converted into finished products.
Production management, then, is that branch of management ‘which by
scientific planning and regulation sets into motion that part of enterprise
to which has been entrusted the task of actual translation of raw material
into finished product.’
2. Marketing Management:
Marketing is a sum total of physical activities which are involved in the
transfer of goods and services and which provide for their physical
distribution. Marketing management refers to the planning, organizing,
directing and controlling the activities of the persons working in the
market division of a business enterprise with the aim of achieving the
organization objectives.
3. Financial Management:
Finance is viewed as one of the most important factors in every
enterprise. Financial management is concerned with the managerial
activities pertaining to the procurement and utilization of funds or
finance for business purposes.
4. Personnel Management:
Personnel Management is that phase of management which deals with
the effective control and use of manpower. Effective management of
human resources is one of the most crucial factors associated with the
success of an enterprise. Personnel management is concerned with
managerial and operative functions.
5. Office Management:
The concept of management when applied to office is called ‘office
management’.
CHETHAN.S 13
1. Functions
2. Usage / Applicability
Importance of Management
1. It helps in Achieving Group Goals - It arranges the factors of
production, assembles and organizes the resources, integrates the
resources in effective manner to achieve goals.
2. Optimum Utilization of Resources - Management utilizes all the
physical & human resources productively. This leads to efficacy in
management. Management provides maximum utilization of scarce
resources by selecting its best possible alternate use in industry
from out of various uses.
3. Reduces Costs - It gets maximum results through minimum input
by proper planning and by using minimum input & getting
maximum output. Management uses physical, human and financial
resources in such a manner which results in best combination. This
helps in cost reduction.
4. Establishes Sound Organization - No overlapping of efforts
(smooth and coordinated functions). To establish sound
organizational structure is one of the objective of management
which is in tune with objective of organization and for fulfillment
of this, it establishes effective authority & responsibility
relationship.
5. Establishes Equilibrium - It enables the organization to survive in
changing environment. It keeps in touch with the changing
environment. With the change is external environment, the initial
co-ordination of organization must be changed.
6. Essentials for Prosperity of Society - Efficient management leads
to better economical production which helps in turn to increase the
welfare of people.
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Levels of Management
1. Top level / Administrative level
2. Middle level / Executory
3. Low level / Supervisory / Operative / First-line managers
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
1. Top Level of Management
Functions of Management
Management has been described as a social process involving
responsibility for economical and effective planning & regulation of
operation of an enterprise in the fulfillment of given purposes. It is a
dynamic process consisting of various elements and activities. These
activities are different from operative functions like marketing, finance,
purchase etc. Rather these activities are common to each and every
manger irrespective of his level or status.
1. Planning
2. Organizing
Identification of activities.
Classification of grouping of activities.
Assignment of duties.
Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.
Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.
3. Staffing
Supervision
Motivation
Leadership
Communication
5. Controlling
Meaning It implies that a sub-ordinate It means one head, one plan for
should receive orders & a group of activities having
instructions from only one similar objectives.
boss.
10. ORDER: For the sake of efficiency and coordination, all materials
and people related to a specific kind of work should be treated as
equally as possible.
11. EQUITY: All employees should be treated as equally as possible.
Meaning of Ethics:-
Moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the
conducting of an activity.
1. Responsibility to Shareholders:
In the context of good corporate governance, a corporate enterprise must
recognize the rights of shareholders and protect their interests. It should
respect shareholders’ right to information and respect their right to
submit proposals to vote and to ask questions at the annual general body
meeting.
2. Responsibility to Employees:
3. Responsibility to Consumers:
Some economists think that consumer is a king who directs the business
enterprises to produce goods and services to satisfy his wants. However,
in the modern times this may not be strictly true but the companies must
acknowledge their responsibilities to protect their interests in
undertaking their productive activities.
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