Day 1: SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT 1

How important rules are in every country?

Rule 1: Use singular form of verb for ________________________.

Use plural form of verb for _______________________.
Ex: He is going to ruin everything.
The cards he wrote were all missing.

Rule 2: a. Use a ________________ verb with compound subjects.

Ex: Mark and Louis are going to the party.
b. Compound subjects referring to a single person take a _____________________.
Ex: My friend and teacher is visiting me.
c. A compound subject joined by and uses _________________ form of the verb if
they are regarded as a unit.
Ex: The bread and breakfast in that hotel is truly satisfying.
d. A compound subject modified by each and every takes ______________ verb.
Ex: Each business and restaurant has to display a business permit.

Rule 3: The verb in an or, either/or, neither/nor, not only…but also sentence agrees with
the noun or pronoun ___________________ to it.
Ex: Neither the windows nor the door is closed.

Rule 4: Phrases like “together with” “accompanied by” “as well as” “except” “along
with” in addition to” (affect or do not affect) the number of the subjects.
Ex: My mom, together with my dad, is attending the parade.

Rule 5: When regarded as a unit, a collective noun is ___________________.

Ex: My family wants to visit Peru next year.

When regarded as an individual, a collective noun is _________________.

Ex: My family want their own debit cards.

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LET’S PRACTICE!

Exercise A. Several (but not all) of the following sentences contain errors in subject-verb
agreement. When you spot an error, correct it.

The word nature usually associates with beauty and calmness. Whenever a person hear
of the word nature, a feeling of enthusiasm, freshness, uplift and happiness are felt.
People understands nature as anything that are on the earth that is comprised of the
surrounding such as animals, food, water, plants and the buildings. However, some
understand nature as the surrounding that is showed differently in different shapes.
Neither the beautiful sceneries nor the breath-taking sunsets is forgotten. They always
stays in our memory. Human belief and love for nature differs depending on the culture
as well as their social settings.

Exercise B. Write about the following topic.

Topic:

“Life is Full of Competition”

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2|S C Gr amma r
 Day 2: SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT 2
What piece of art do you like the most? Why?

Rule 6: “the number of” takes _______________ while “a number of” take _______________.
Ex: The number of students is decreasing
A number of students are going to the bar.

Rule 7: the verb agrees with the _______________, not with the _______________ subject.
Ex: She, not you, is coming with me.

Rule 8: Indefinite Pronouns

Singular indefinite pronouns (someone, anyone, each, neither, either, everything,
any, anybody, anyone, someone, something, etc.) take __________ verb.
Ex: Everything was fine until you came.

Plural indefinite pronouns (some, all, none, most, several) take _______________
verbs.
Ex: None of them have attended the meeting.

Plural or singular: All, Any, Most/More, Some, None, Such

Singular Plural
All All of the cake was eaten. All of the songs in my playlist were
deleted.
Any Any experience is beneficial to the There aren’t any clean plates in the
job. dishwasher.
Most Most of the book is erroneous. Most students are attending the program.
Some Some of the money was Some of the students were playing the
withdrawn. piano.
None None of the team has fixed his None of the team have fixed their
schedule. schedule.

3|S C Gr amma r
Rule 9: Nouns plural in form but singular in meaning (politics, mathematics, news, etc.)
takes ___________________ verb.
Ex: Mathematics was never easy for Tom.

Nouns which are always plural (pants, pliers, tongs, scissors, etc.) take
___________ verb.
Ex: Scissors are for cutting.

LET’S PRACTICE!

Exercise A. Choose the appropriate verb for the following sentences.

1. Most of the milk (has/ have) gone bad.
2. A large number of voters still (vote/ votes) along straight-party lines.
3. To an outsider, the economics of this country (seem/ seems) to be in a disarray.
4. Everybody on this team (try/ tries) really hard to please the new coach.
5. A pair of pants (cost/ costs) 20 dollars.
6. Several of the students (have/ has) decided to withdraw from the course.
7. Your clothes (is/ are) dirty.
8. People say that the police (is/are) investigating the case.
9. (Billiards is a game/ Billiards are games) which connects mathematics and
football.
10. The number of enrollees (has/have) decreased.

4|S C Gr amma r
Exercise B. Write about the following topic.

Explain:

“Creativity takes courage” – Henri Matisse

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 Day 3: SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT 3
“Beauty is in the eye of the beholder” Explain.

Rule 10: Many a followed by a singular noun takes ________________ verb.

Ex: Many a novel has been written on love.

Rule 11: The number of the subject introduce by there ________________________________.

Ex: There is a man in front.
There are times when I feel lonely.

Rule 12: Nouns referring to money, amount, or distance are considered __________ and
takes _______________ form of the verb.
Unit of measurement, even in plural form, takes ________________ verb.
Mathematical abstractions take ________________ verb.
Ex: Five hundred pesos is too much for that shirt.
Three years is a long time.
Eight times two is sixteen.

Rule 13: Fractions are singular or plural ________________________________________.

Ex: Half of the class is absent.
Half of the tables are blue.

Rule 14: Adjectives used as subjects are considered ______________________.

Ex: The old need some recognition to feel that they belong.

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LET’S PRACTICE!

Exercise A. Correct the mistakes from these following sentences:

1. Are one-third of the class Spanish?

2. Is there still books in the drawer?

3. It always hurt to say good bye.

4. 9,300,452 miles are what it takes.

5. Three days and a week are 10 days.

6. Does the beautiful really die young?

7. Two hours are a long time to wait for you.

8. Two meters of cloth make a dress for my size.

Exercise B. Write about the following topic.

Topic:

How does beauty vary from culture to culture?

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 Day 4: SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT 4
Do you think the wars before have something to do with our culture today?

Rule 15: When the subject comes after the verb, make sure that the verb agrees with its
subject.
Which is correct:
a. In this school is enrolled several Spanish students.
b. In this school are enrolled several Spanish students.

Rule 16: Avoid dangling modifiers

Which is correct:
a. Having taken the entrance examination, I was accepted by the president
of the college.
b. Having taken the entrance examination, the president of the college
accepted me.

Rule 17: Ordinarily, this and that take a _______________ form of the verb while these and
those take the _______________ form of the verb.
Ex: This kind of book __________ my favourite
Those kinds of things __________ pretty bad effects on us.

Rule 18: Titles of books, movies, magazines, articles, and names of companies take
__________ verbs.
Ex. Hunger Games ________ a wonderful movie.
The Avengers ________ a hit recently.
Rule 19: Possession is usually shown by adding apostrophe (‘) or (‘s) to noun.
Ex: The boy’s club
The Ladies’ club
Which is correct:
a. The officials’ and employee’s association is going to Cebu.
b. The officials and employees’ association is going to Cebu.

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LET’S PRACTICE!

Exercise A. Complete these sentences with THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE.

1. Look at ______________ birds up there in the tree.

2. Are ________________ your books over there on the table?
3. Those apples are red but _______________ apples over here are green.
4. Did you and your family stay at _______________ hotel in Paris?
5. Who was ______________ man you talked to yesterday?
6. Hello, Dr. Smith, could you please look at _________________ cut on my finger.
7. Maybe we can ask _________________ policeman for directions.
8. ___________________ was a difficult test we had last week.
9. How many of __________________ cookies would you like? two? three? okay, here
you are.
10. _________________ cake is delicious. when I finish it, could I have another slice?
11. Do you know ________________ person over there by the post office?

Exercise B. Write about the following topic.

Topic:

“Money is the root of all evil”

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 Day 5: REVIEW!
I. Choose the correct verb
1. The furniture (is/ are) mostly old.
2. Mathematics (is/ are) my favorite subject.
3. Some of the students in my class (was/were) angry that they did not pass.
4. There (is/ are) the president and his wife.
5. The boy with the goofy friends (win/wins) a lottery ticket every day.
6. The teacher's clothes (is/ are) out of fashion.
7. McDonalds (is/ are) an example of a fine American eatery.
8. The French (eat/eats) a lot of junk food.
9. The United States (is/ are) bordered by Canada and Mexico.
10. There (is/ are) a crazy amount of money under the sofa cushion.

II. Correct the following sentences. Leave the item with no correction.
1. The last questions on the test were very difficult.
2. John, as well as his younger brothers, is going to study at that school.
3. People from the South is very friendly.
4. Everyone need to be loved.
5. Part of the money goes to charity.
6. Statistics hasn't been revised as a course approach far too long.
7. You and I am supposed to clean the room before Mom gets home.
8. Either the President or the Vice has signed the document.
9. No news are good news.
10. Be careful. Grandma's scissors are very sharp.
11. Neither of the statements is false.
12. The police hasn't made any arrests lately.

10 | S C G r a m m a r
 III. Correct the following sentences.
1. He going to let me have more water?
2. The work have to be done by Monday.
3. The car and truck is in the backyard.
4. The number of students are hard to determine.
5. Are we going to there house?

IV. Encircle the letter with an erroneous subject-verb agreement.

1. a. One of the witnesses has withdrawn his statement.

b. One of the witnesses who has seen the crime went away.
c. Many men today drive their own cars.
d. My confidant and adviser is my mother.

2. a. There is a house and lot for sale.

b. Bread and butter were all he asked for.
c. Reading, in addition to writing, is my favorite past time.
d. Neither the singers nor the composer is benefited by the concert.

3. a. You, not I, are accountable for the loss of the book

b. The number of absentees from the English class are reduced.
c. A number of children are afflicted by the epidemic
d. Nobody speaks German here.

4. a. Someone is by your side to support you always.

b. All of the students are absent
c. Many a novel have been written on love
d. Measles is a dangerous disease.

5. a. Statistics provide the numerical data in question.

b. Five thousand is too much for that cocktail.
c. Three yards of cloth is enough.
d. One-third of the population is poor.

6. a. The House of the Spirits is a worldwide bestseller.

b. These kinds of birds are beautiful.
c. Four times eight is thirty two.
d. The young is the target audience of computer games.

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V. Write about the following topic using the given vocabularies.

Private Anonymous Publicly Invade Security Disclose Media

How important privacy is for you?

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 Sentence Patterns
Day 6: Subject + Verb

What advice would you give to less-abled people?

Simon waited near the pedestrian lane.

S V Prep. Phrase

Model Sentences:

1. The students went to SM.

2. She vomited on the floor.
3. My baby cries a lot.

Transitive verbs: Verbs that need Objects (e.g. I bought an apple.)

Intransitive verbs: Verbs that don’t need Objects (e.g. She sings.)

Examples of Intransitive Verbs

cry sit die

fall stand go
agree vomit laugh
live smile sleep
rise swim stay
sneeze wait wake

To make your sentences longer:

S + V + prepositional phrase

He slept. Your example:

He slept on my bed. ____________ ___________ ___________________

where? Subject Verb Prep. Phrase

S + V + Adv.
Your example:
He slept.
He slept soundly. ____________ ___________ ___________________
how? Subject Verb Adv.

13 | S C G r a m m a r
Let’s practice making sentences.

A. Complete the following sentences below.

1. The couple _______________________ _______________________
Verb prepositional phrase

2. ____________________ laughs _________________________.

Subject adverb

3. My brother _______________________ _______________________.

verb prepositional phrase

4. My batch mate _______________________ _______________________.

Verb adverb

5. ________________ will wait _______________________________.

Subject adverb

B. Construct sentences using the given verbs below.

1. Wait - ________________________________________________________________________
2. Agree- _______________________________________________________________________
3. Sleep - _______________________________________________________________________
4. Stay - ________________________________________________________________________
5. Fall - _________________________________________________________________________

C. Write a short paragraph about the given topic.

“Indifference is the worst disability”

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 Day 7: Subject + Verb+ Complement
How do sports event help people socialize?

Her father is a doctor.

S V C

Complement – adjective or noun

Verb - am, is, are, was, were, being, been
appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

Model Sentences:

1. I am a student of Korea State University.

2. I feel cold today.
3. Joe became a doctor in his twenty’s.
4. The food smells delicious.
5. She is happy about her exam results.

when complement is a noun

She is a good student. Your example:

Mark was a football player.
____________ ___________ ___________________
Subject Verb noun

when complement is adjective

The class became noisy. Your example:

She is bored with the lecture.
____________ ___________ ___________________
Subject Verb adj.

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Let’s Practice!

A. Complete the following sentences below.

1. I am ______________________________________________
adjective

2. ____________________ become _________________________.

Subject noun

3. My siblings are _______________________

Noun

4. My room smells _______________________________________.

Adjective

5. My _________________ looks ___________________________.

Subject Adjective

B. Write a short paragraph about the given topic.

Explain: “When we step out of our comfort zone, improvement follows”.

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 Day 8: S+V+ Object|S+V+ Indirect Obj. + Direct Obj.
Do you consider yourself brave? Why did you say so?

I finished my homework.
S V O

TRANSITIVE VERBS - verbs that need an object

Ex. Finish, Take, Buy, Serve

OBJECT – answers the question, what, who? (nouns/ pronouns)

Model Sentences:

1. I saw a bird flying in the sky.

2. I like novels by Stephanie Meyer.
3. Bill kicks the ball hard.

Your example:
_________________ ______________ _____________________
Subject Verb What?

Your example:
___________________ ______________ ___________________
Subject Verb Who?

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 Subject + Verb + Indirect + Direct Object ( S – V – IO – DO)

Paul gave his wife a gift

S V IO DO

INDIRECT OBJECT – to / for whom

DIRECT OBJECT – answers the question, what, who? (nouns/ pronouns)

Model Sentences:

1. Sarah sent Paul a present.

2. I wish you a happy birthday.
3. She offered me a firm handshake.

Transitive Verbs (Verbs that need an object)

bring cost sing get read

give Leave take buy show
lend pay tell owe send
offer promise teach make
pass play write refuse

To make your sentences longer:

S + V + O + prepositional phrase

She sent a card.

She sent a card on Christmas’ Day.
when
She sent Paul a card on Christmas’ Day.
when

Your example:

______________ ______________ ____________ _____________ ____________________

Subject
Let’s Verb
practice making sentences. IO DO when?
Complete the following sentences.

18 | S C G r a m m a r
Complete the following sentences

1. Melissa ___________ her friend_______________________________.

2. He ____________ buys _____________________________.
3. ______________ ____________ _______________birthday present.
4. _________________ ordered _____________________________.
5. My mother______________ the man __________________________.

Construct sentences using the given verbs below.

1. pay - ________________________________________________________________________
2. show- _______________________________________________________________________
3. wish - _______________________________________________________________________
4. set - ________________________________________________________________________
5. make -_____________________________________________________________________

Write a short paragraph about the given topic.

What was the biggest challenge in your life so far? How did you overcome it?
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 Day 9: S + V + Object + Obj Complement
What kind of people do you consider courageous?

Alex painted his room pink.

S V O OC

OBJECT COMPLEMENT – it describes the object (nouns/ adj.)

Model Sentences:

1. He made me angry.
2. The president appointed him secretary.
3. She drove him mad.
4. The girl thinks herself intelligent.
5. His classmates called him crazy.

make name elect paint call

‘drive’ ‘think’ ‘found’ ‘consider’

Note: After verbs that refer to thoughts, feelings and opinions (e.g. believe,
consider, feel, know, find, think and understand) to be is sometimes used before
the complement.

Examples:

I consider the plan to be unwise.

I knew him to be conscientious.

I consider him an excellent choice.

I consider him to be an excellent choice.

_______________________ _____________ _________________ __________________

Subject Verb object obj. complement

20 | S C G r a m m a r
Let’s practice making sentences.

Complete the following sentences.

1. My brother ___________ our mother_______________________________.

2. The president ____________ the law _____________________________.
3. _________________________________________very thoughtful.
4. _________________ found _____________________________.
5. The class______________ their teacher __________________________.

Construct sentences using the given verbs below.

1. call - _______________________________________________________________________
2. name- _____________________________________________________________________
3. make - _____________________________________________________________________
4. consider - __________________________________________________________________
5. drive -_____________________________________________________________________

Write a short paragraph about the given topic.

What is your opinion on people gambling on sporting events?

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 Day 10: REVIEW!
Exercise 1 Complete the following dialogue using the patterns,

A. Sick Friend

Mark: Hello, Yang! How are you?

Yang: Hello, Mark! I am _______________.
Mark: I’m worried about my homework. Did you do yours?
Yang: No. I ________________________________.
Mark: Oh! Did you go to the hospital for a check-up?
Yang: Not yet. I think ________________________________.
Mark: Are you sure?
Yang: Yes. ___________________________.
Mark: Okay, then. ____________ me if it gets worse and we’ll go ____________________.
Yang: ____________________________________.
Mark: Don’t mention it. That’s what friends are for.

B. Going to a Restaurant

Mia: I’m tired of doing this project. Let’s go someplace to unwind. Are you free tonight?
Rick: Yes. ________________________ right now.
Mia: Okay, good. Let’s go to a restaurant.
Rick: Sure. ________________________________.
Mia: Okay. Where is it?
Rick: I was amazed at this restaurant near the university. ____________________________.
Mia: Sure. I hope the food is great though.
Rick: Of course. That’s the reason I love going there. I tried __________________________.
Mia: What about dessert?
Rick: Let’s order ______________________ for dessert.
Mia: Deal. By the way, I saw James last night.
Rick: I will ____________ him. Maybe he would like to join us.
Mia: Yes, please.
Rick: I heard he _____ ___________.
Mia: Yes, I think so.
Rick: Anyway, I’ll call you later.

22 | S C G r a m m a r
 Exercise 2 Write a minimum of two paragraphs about the given topic below. Use
the given words.

Unique Existence Nature Capability Consciousness

Topic:

What makes humans different from other animals?

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 Expanding Sentences

Day 11: Verbals

What are some things a lot of people don’t know about you?

There are other ways to construct sentences…

Using Gerunds (V-ing)

function as: Noun

It’s driving him crazy to wait for his grades.

Waiting for his grades drove him crazy.

Using infinitives (to + v)

function as: Noun, Adjective, and Adverb

To live in London is his main goal in life. (noun)

He brought a book to read. (adj.)
He went abroad to study English. (adv.)

Using Participles (V-ing/ V-ed)

function as: Adjective
He sang softly to lull his baby brother to sleep.
Singing very softly, the boy lulled his baby brother to sleep.

The dancing woman is my aunt.

He slipped on the freshly cleaned floor.

Note: Don’t confuse it with verbs. Look at the following examples below.

Verb: We were walking along the midway at the carnival.

Verbal: Walking along the midway at the carnival, we ate our funnel cakes.

Verb: All that dancing tired me out.

Verbal: Tired out by all that dancing, I went home and collapsed.

Verb: We always sing the National Anthem at the ball game.

Verbal: I really like to sing. (to + present = infinitive)

24 | S C G r a m m a r
 Revise the following sentences using verbals. You may add or
Exercise 1
change some details.

1. I’m tired of waiting.

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2. The story was funny.
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3. He promised.
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4. I will ask Suzanne now.
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5. Rico laughed at his jokes.
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Exercise 2 Answer the following questions using verbals.

1. What do you regret the most?

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2. What do you hate the most?

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3. What do you plan to do in the future?

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4. What do you enjoy doing in your free time?

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5. What brings happiness in your life?

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25 | S C G r a m m a r
 Exercise 3 Complete the given task below.

What is your favorite ‘spy’ movie? Narrate the story.

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 Day 12: Coordinating Conjunctions
For you, what is the most interesting job in the world?

Look at the following examples:

I always go to the library.

I always go to the library, for I love reading books.

The dress is beautiful.

The dress is beautiful but it costs an arm and a leg.

You may use other coordinating conjunction…

Coordinating Conjunctions

For- ____________________________________________________________
My husband and I went to Costa Rica, for it was our five-year anniversary.
And – ____________________________________________________________
The president arrived and gave an hour-long speech.
Nor –____________________________________________________________
He didn’t return my calls, nor did he respond to any of my texts.
But – ____________________________________________________________
Nobody is perfect for the role, but they aren’t losing hope in looking for the
right fit.
Or – ____________________________________________________________
He could go to the bar, or he could go to work.
Yet – ____________________________________________________________
The sauce was sweet yet had a spicy flavor to it.
So – ____________________________________________________________
Elisa was alarmed by the news that her son fainted so she rushed to the school.

27 | S C G r a m m a r
 Complete the following sentences below using coordinating
Exercise 1
conjunctions.

1. I will not talk to him ______________________________________________________________

2. John welcomed his guests _______________________________________________________
3. Keep your promise _______________________________________________________________
4. I like to relax _____________________________________________________________________
5. I read the newspaper ____________________________________________________________

Exercise 2 Improve the text by adding details. Use coordinating conjunctions.

A rescue team goes to a hotel. They have to go fast. They do not have time.
There are people under snow in the hotel. They need help.
Before, there are four earthquakes in Italy. They start an avalanche. The
avalanche goes to the hotel, and now the hotel is under snow.
Twenty seven people are inside the hotel.. Snow blocks the road. It is difficult for
the rescuers. The rescue team cannot use cars. The people have to go to the hotel
through the storm. They use skis. They have only lights on their heads. This is a difficult
way.
They arrived at the hotel. They started looking for survivors. After some time, they
found one person. This person is shocked but alive. She was immediately provided with
medical attention. The situation of the other people is not sure.
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 Exercise 3 Complete the given task below.

Would you like to go to space? If so, what would be the first thing you will do in space?
Write about this topic using coordinating conjunctions.

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 Day 13: Subordinating Conjunctions
What are the hobbies you would like to make as a job?

Look at the following examples:

I don’t want to put up my dog for adoption.

I don’t want to put up my dog for adoption because I am quite attached
to him.

I went to sleep.
As soon as I am done with my homework, I went to sleep.

You may use other subordinating conjunction…

Subordinate Conjunctions

after once until

although provided that when
as rather than whenever
because since where
before so that whereas
even if than wherever
even though that whether
if though while
in order that unless why

Your Examples:

_______________________________ ________________ ______________________________

S+V Conj. S+V

_______________________________ ________________ ______________________________

S+V Conj. S+V
30 | S C G r a m m a r
 Exercise 1 Expand the following sentences below using subordinating conjunctions.

1. You can’t pass the entrance test __________________________________________.

2. I will buy you a car _______________________________________________________.
3. ___________________________________________, he realized he forgot his wallet.
4. I am leaving tomorrow ____________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________ it makes me nervous.

Exercise 2 Answer the following questions using subordinating conjunctions.

1. What do you do before coming to school?

_________________________________________________________________________________
2. What do you insist on doing even though you are aware of its drawbacks?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Can you do tasks simultaneously? If yes, what can you do at the same time?
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Which do you prefer, hot or cold coffee?
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Compare childhood and adulthood.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

31 | S C G r a m m a r
 Improve the text by adding details. Use subordinating
Exercise 2
conjunctions.

A boy writes to Father Christmas (Santa). He asks for some things in the
letter. He puts the letter in his home’s chimney. Father Christmas never gets the
letter. It stays in the chimney.
Seventy-four years later, builders tear down the chimney. They find the
letter. They are surprised. They take a picture of it. They put the picture on
Facebook.
An old man sees the picture. He contacts the builders. The old man is that
little boy! It is his letter. The old man meets the builders. The builders give him the
things that he wanted from the letter.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 2 Complete the given task below.

What are the disadvantages if we tried to make our hobbies as jobs?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

32 | S C G r a m m a r
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Day 14: Correlative Conjunctions

What job wouldn’t you ever take?

Look at the following examples:

His new car is super-fast.

His new car is not only super-fast but also very luxurious.

Adrian enjoyed the movie.

Adrian enjoyed both the movie and the popcorn.

You may use other correlative conjunction…

Correlative Conjunctions

As….as
Such….that Neither… nor
No sooner….than
As many….as Not only… but also
The more….the
Scarcely….when Just as…so
more
Rather….than Whether…or
The more….the
Either…or Both…and
less

Your Examples:

No sooner _________________________________ than ___________________________________.

You may ___________________________ as many ___________________ as ________________.

_______________________ whether _________________________or ________________________.

S+V
33 | S C G r a m m a r
 Exercise 1 Combine the sentences using correlative conjunctions.

1. I like to play Monopoly. My cousin also likes to play Monopoly. (both/and)

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Your book could be on the table. It could be under the sofa. (either/or)
______________________________________________________________________________

3. We found the movie to be boring. We also thought it was interminably long.

(not only/but also)
______________________________________________________________________________

4. I went out of bed. The baby cried. (not sooner/ than)

______________________________________________________________________________

5. I like playing volleyball. I don’t like basketball. ( rather/ than)

______________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 2 Complete the following sentences using correlative conjunctions.

1. This salad is ________________________ but also ______________________________.

2. ________________ had I put my umbrella away, than ________________________.

3. She is ________________________ nor ________________________________________.

4. The more I read books ____________________________________________________.

5. ______________________________________________________ or you fail the exam.

34 | S C G r a m m a r
 Exercise 3 Complete the given task below.

Are you fond of detective stories/ movies or dramas? If so, what is your favorite?
Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

35 | S C G r a m m a r
 Day 15: REVIEW!

Exercise 1 Revise the news article below using all types of conjunctions.

There are strong winds in Europe. They kill several people.

A tree falls down in the Netherlands. Two older men die. Three people die
in Germany. One woman in Belgium also dies.

Someone filmed a shocking moment in the Netherlands. The video shows

a woman with a pram. A tree falls down. It falls right next to her. The baby and
she are fine.

Now, 10,000 homes in England have no power. It has been going on for
two weeks already.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

36 | S C G r a m m a r
Exercise 2 Write a minimum of two paragraphs about the given topic below.

Topic: Narrate a story about a time when you were in the midst of danger and what you
did to escape from it.

Hideous Anxious Terrified Unanticipated Subdue

______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

37 | S C G r a m m a r
 Word Forms

Day 16: Noun | Adjective

What do you do to keep your body healthy?

Look at these examples:

She owns a very beauty house.

She owns a very beautiful house.

The singer made a success debut.

The singer made a successful debut.

Maneki-neko or “the beckoning cat” brings good fortunate.

Maneki-neko or “the beckoning cat” brings good fortune.

Ending Example
Noun
-able/-
trainable, flexible
ible/-ble
-al musical, personal

-ant vigilant, militant

-ent dependent, resilient

-er, -est bigger, biggest
-ful beautiful, bountiful
-ic volcanic, angelic
-ing, -ed interesting, interested
-istic realistic, socialistic
-ive attentive, massive
-ous/-
poisonous, anxious
ious

Adjective

38 | S C G r a m m a r
 Ending Example
-al betrayal, refusal
-ance/-ancy/- performance, infancy,
ence/-ency prominence, urgency
-ation creation, reformation
-ice cowardice, notice
-er/-or teacher, competitor,
-graph telegraph, polygraph
-ian politician, amphibian
-ing teaching, working
-ism nationalism, Hinduism
-ist nationalist, typist
-ity inferiority, confidentiality
-ization organization
-ment achievement, government
-ness happiness, sadness
-ogy biology, geology
-oid humanoid, android
-ory dormitory, repository
-ship friendship, marksmanship
rejection, completion,
-sion/-tion
connection

39 | S C G r a m m a r
Let’s Practice

1) Let's find a _____________ place to cross the road.

a. safe b. safety

2) There are _____________ snakes in this village.

a. danger b. dangerous

3) The _____________ of this issue cannot be forgotten.

a. important b. importance

4) James is known for his _____________.

a. honest b. honesty

5) Make sure you have a _____________ breakfast.

a. health b. healthy

6) Your daughter has a great _____________.

a. imaginary b. imagination

7) Well, that was a very _____________ meeting.

a. success b. successful

8) The dog is _____________ of her puppies.

a. protective b. protection

9) The thief admitted his _____________.

a. guilty b. guilt

10) Be _____________ when you meet her parents.

a. polite b. politeness

Noun Adjective Examples:

Reflection (Adj.)

Quick (noun)

Distorted (Adj.)

Movement (Adj.)

Comfortable (noun)

40 | S C G r a m m a r
 Complete the text below using the correct form of the word in
Exercise 1
parenthesis.

In Nepal, they have a unique 1___________ (traditional). Hindu priests choose a

three-year-old girl to be the country’s goddess also known as ‘Kumari’. It is believed that
the country will be 2_______________ (fortune) because the goddess, Taleju, will reside in
the Kumari’s body and look after the people.
She will undergo tests to check if she meets the 3_______________ (perfect) of a
goddess. Further, Kalrati or ‘Black Night’ is performed. This includes the 4_________________
(sacrificial) of 108 buffaloes and goats. The young girl is then taken to a temple where
the severed heads of the animals are 5____________ (display) and 6____________ (mask)
men dance about. The child must not show 7_____________(feared).If she passes all the
tests, the child can now be declared a ‘Kumari’. She can only leave her residence for
8____________ (ceremony) duties. Also, her feet must never touch the ground.

Construct sentences using the adjective and noun forms of the given words
Exercise 2 below.

1. Traditional - ____________________________________________________________________
___________- ____________________________________________________________________

2. Fortune - _______________________________________________________________________
___________- ____________________________________________________________________

3. Perfect - _______________________________________________________________________
___________- ____________________________________________________________________

4. Sacrificial - _____________________________________________________________________
___________- ____________________________________________________________________

5. Display -________________________________________________________________________
___________- ____________________________________________________________________

6. Mask - _________________________________________________________________________
___________- ____________________________________________________________________

7. Feared - _______________________________________________________________________
___________- ____________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3 Write about the given topic below.

41 | S C G r a m m a r
Is physical activity (jogging, going to a gym, swimming pool) an important part of a
healthy life style?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

42 | S C G r a m m a r
 Day 17: Noun| Verb
What is your favorite season? Why?

Look at these examples:

I think his decide was fair.

I think his decision was fair.

Don’t listen to him. He is a lie.

Don’t listen to him. He is a liar.

I have an appoint at 10 a.m.

I have an appointment at 10 a.m.

Verb Endings

Ending Example

-ate fascinate, participate

-ed walked, has walked
-en soften, weaken
-er stutter, canter
-fy beautify, liquefy
-ing walking, is walking
-ise/-ize authorize, sympathize
-s/-es walks, runs

Let’s do this
Noun Adjective Verb

Articulate

Food

Courageous

Acceptable

Attend

43 | S C G r a m m a r
Let’s Practice. Transform verbs to nouns and nouns to verbs.

1. (choose) Take whichever you like. It's your __________________

2. (refusal) She ______________ because she wasn’t feeling well.

3. (deliver) They offer free __________________to this area.

4. (rob) The __________________took place at around midnight.

5. (disappointment) I don’t want to _________________ my parents so I study hard.

6. (fail) They haven't experienced __________________like this before.

7. (produce) Oil __________________ is an important part of the country's economy.

8. (confusion ) Math problems _________________ me.

9. (manage) This project will need careful __________________

10. (complicate) If there is no__________________ we can continue.

Complete the text below using the correct form of the word in
Exercise 1
parenthesis.

The women of the Kayan tribe in Thailand are known for their age old tradition.
They wear brass coils around their neck in an ‘attempt’ to 1______________ (length) it,
thus getting the name “giraffe women.” However, the neck is not lengthened. The
2________________ (appear) of a stretched neck is created by the deformation of the

clavicle. They start to wear it around the age of five. As they grow older, they
3_____________ (addition) new coils and are wounded around their necks.

There are many theories as to why they wear the neck rings. One theory states
that it4__________________ (protection) the women from tiger attacks since it covers the
neck. Some believe it was used centuries ago as determent against the other tribes
who are trying to 5__________ (enslavement) them as they would be deemed
unattractive. However, a more popular 6______________ (believe) is that it is used as a
way to enhance a woman’s 7_____________ (beautify) and femininity.

Despite the possible health risks, many Kayan women still wear them especially
among the younger generations. Also, it became a source of 8___________ (live) as
many tourists come to visit them and buy their handcrafts.

44 | S C G r a m m a r
 Construct sentences using the verb and noun forms of the given words below.
Exercise 2

1. ____________ - __________________________________________________________________
length - ________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________ - __________________________________________________________________
appear - _______________________________________________________________________
3. ____________ - __________________________________________________________________
addition - ______________________________________________________________________
4. ____________ - __________________________________________________________________
protection - ____________________________________________________________________
5. ____________ - __________________________________________________________________
enslavement - __________________________________________________________________
6. ____________ - __________________________________________________________________
believe - _______________________________________________________________________
7. ____________ - __________________________________________________________________
beautify - _______________________________________________________________________
8. ____________ - __________________________________________________________________
live - _______________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3 Complete the given task below.

The invention of new technologies has negative effects on our health. Agree? Disagree?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

45 | S C G r a m m a r
 Day 18: Adjective | Verb
How healthy are you?

Look at these examples:

He looked confused as he saw the scores.

The scores confused him.

The movie scared me.

I was scared because of the movie.

Verb Endings

Ending Example

-ate fascinate, participate

-ed walked, has walked
-en soften, weaken
-er stutter, canter
-fy beautify, liquefy
-ing walking, is walking
-ise/-ize authorize, sympathize
-s/-es walks, runs

Adjective Endings

Ending Example
-able/-ible/-ble trainable, flexible -ing interesting, boring
-al musical, personal -istic realistic, socialistic
-ant vigilant, militant -ite infinite, polite
-ed interested, bored -ive attentive, massive
-ent dependent, resilient -ory laboratory, dormitory
-er bigger, faster -ose verbose, grandiose
-est biggest, fastest -ous/-ious poisonous, anxious
-ful beautiful, bountiful
-ic volcanic, angelic

46 | S C G r a m m a r
Let’s do this
Verb Adjective Examples (in adj. form)

Attract

Avoid

Believe

Act

Add

Let’s Practice

Instruction: Check how the italicized words are used in the sentence. If it used as an
adjective, make a sentence using the word as a verb (vice versa) The first item is done
for you.

1. His arm is injured.

He injured his arm. ____

2. I have broken my finger.

______________________________________________________________________________
3. Everybody was blessed.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. Sarah’s cakes always taste the best.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. He scared the little girl.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. That frightened girl is my classmate.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. They surprised me with a present.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. I was so excited before the concert.
______________________________________________________________________________
9. You disappointed all of us.
______________________________________________________________________________
10. The girl was so embarrassed.
______________________________________________________________________________

47 | S C G r a m m a r
 Complete the text below using the correct form of the word in
Exercise 1
parenthesis.

Have you ever heard of a 1___________ (cry) bride? Well, this custom is observed
by the Tujia people of the Sichuan Province in China. Nowadays, it is not as
2________________ (popularize) as before. However, the Tujia people view it as a

necessary marriage procedure. This is to 3_______________ (expressive) a woman’s

gratitude and love for her parents and relatives.
Usually, the bride begins to cry for a month before the wedding day. Every night,
the bride walks inside the hall and 4___________ (weeping) for about an hour. She is
5_________________ (accompany) by other female family members for an interval of ten

days. To further set the mood, they sing the ‘Crying Marriage Song.’
But don’t be 6____________ (confuse). The whole point behind the 7____________
(marry) ritual is to set off a mood of happiness by using false sorrowful words. However, if
she doesn’t or unable to, her neighbors will look down upon her as one of poor
breeding. Worse, she can be the laughing stock of her village. In one extreme case, the
bride was 8_____________ (beat) by her mother for not crying at the wedding.

Construct sentences using the adjective and verb forms of the given words
Exercise 2 below.

1. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
cry - ____________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
popularize - _____________________________________________________________________

3. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
expressive - _____________________________________________________________________

4. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
weeping - ______________________________________________________________________

5. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
accompany - ___________________________________________________________________

6. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
confuse - _______________________________________________________________________

7. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
marry - _________________________________________________________________________

8. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
beat - __________________________________________________________________________

48 | S C G r a m m a r
Exercise 3 Write about the given topic below.

If you could endorse a certain diet, what would it be and why?

Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

49 | S C G r a m m a r
 Day 19: Adjective | Adverb
How often do you feel happy? What makes you happy?

Look at these examples:

Time passes quick.

Time passes quickly.

Alice and Stan are happy married.

Alice and San are happily married.

Adjective Endings

Ending Example
-able/-ible/-ble trainable, flexible
-al musical, personal
-ant vigilant, militant
-ed interested, bored
-ent dependent, resilient
-er bigger, faster
-est biggest, fastest
-ful beautiful, bountiful
-ic volcanic, angelic
-ing interesting, boring
-istic realistic, socialistic
-ite infinite, polite
-ive attentive, massive
-ory laboratory, dormitory
-ose verbose, grandiose
-ous/-ious poisonous, anxious

Adverb Endings

Most adverbs end in –ly .

Ex. beautiful – beautifully ( Her beautifully braided hair was done by her sister.)
loud - loudly (She laughed loudly.)

However, some adverbs do not end in –ly.

Ex. yesterday very now
Well never already

50 | S C G r a m m a r
Let’s Practice!

1. That pit-bull looks ________________. (angry)

2. She spoke ________________. (quiet)

3. Erica listened to her mother ________________. (careful)

4. Mary makes ____________ mistakes. (careless)

5. Children grow ____________ (quick)

6. He is very ____________ today. (happy)

7. It's raining ____________ . (heavy)

8. Morgan was ______________ hurt in a car accident. (serious)

9. His situation was very _____________. (serious)

Complete the text below using the correct form of the word in
Exercise 1
parenthesis.

Are you a fan of Bollywood? Do you 1__________ (regular) watch

Bollywood movies? If yes, you have probably seen an Indian wedding and the
2_____________ (beauty) tattoos which usually consists of 3_____________

(elaborate) scrolls and curlicues on the hands and feet of the bride. It is called
Mehndi or Henna tattoo and is 4____________ (strength) associated to positive
spirits and good luck.
The Mehndi ceremony which is some sort of a bridal shower is held the
night before the wedding as a 5_____________ (merrily) way of wishing the bride
good health and prosperity as she makes her journey on to marriage. Although
these parties were 6______________ (tradition) held in the bride's home, today's
brides are opting to host it at an outside venue.
Further, it is usually celebrated 7___________ (separate). Only the female
members are allowed to join while the groom and other male relatives have a
celebration of their own. This allows for a 8_____________ (joy) occasion where
they can spend time as a single for the last time.

51 | S C G r a m m a r
 Construct sentences using the adjective and adverb forms of the given words
Exercise 2 below.

1. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
regular - ________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
beauty - ________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
elaborate- ______________________________________________________________________
4. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
strength - _______________________________________________________________________
5. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
merrily- _________________________________________________________________________
6. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
tradition - _______________________________________________________________________
7. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
separate- _______________________________________________________________________
8. ____________ - ___________________________________________________________________
joy- ____________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3 Write about the given topic below.

"When people succeed in life, it is because of hard work. Being lucky has nothing to do with success in life."
Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

52 | S C G r a m m a r
 Day 20: REVIEW!
Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of the word in
parenthesis.

1. 'The stairs are wet and slippery. Walk _____________ ' (care)

2. Her neighbors were _____________ (envy) of her success.

3. Edison was an _____________ (intelligence) boy.

4. Babies are _____________ (curiosity) by nature.

5. The teacher asked the students to _____________ (memory) the lesson.

6. I have no words to express my _____________ (grateful)

7. The _____________ in this restaurant is very terrible ( serve).

8. After finishing his work, he __________ went to the hospital. (quick)

9. My brother _____________ to take me to the park. ( promise)

10. This book is _____________. I don’t want to read it. (boredom)

11. Learning a language is very ______________. (use)

12. He _______________ in a lot of business since he graduated university. (investment)

13. Are you a good ___________ ? (cooking)

14. _______________ is his greatest desire. ( free)

15. The soldiers fought _____________. (brave)

53 | S C G r a m m a r
 Complete the text below using the correct form of the word in
Exercise 1
parenthesis.

LA TOMATINA

La Tomatina is a 1____________ (popularity) festival held in Bunol, Spain. The

town is a 2____________ (popularity) destination for thousands of people to
take part in the festival. In this festival, people get involved in tomato fighting
purely for enjoyment and 3____________ (entertaining) purposes. The festival is
being held in Bunol since 1945.

The festival started in the last Wednesday of August in 1945 when a few of
4____________ (youth) people gathered in the town square and spent time.
Over time, it became a tradition among 5____________ (young) people.

The festival starts at 9am in the town square of Bunol. A special breakfast is
provided by the Town Hall which includes pastries and rolls. As time goes on,
the town square fills with people, local and tourists. The 6___________ (excited)
is increased as time goes on.

The number of participants has been 7______________ (increase) year over

year, thanks to promotions held by the Spain Tourism Ministry but the
8______________ (controversial) is also increasing year over year. It is

9_____________ (wide) criticized by many activists and experts around the

world. But the festival didn’t care about the opinion of these so called
10____________ (expertise). And up to date, it is still one of the most popular

festivals in Spain during the time.

54 | S C G r a m m a r
 Exercise 2 Write a minimum of two paragraphs about the given topic below.

Topic:

Some people prefer to cook at home. Other people prefer to eat out. Which do you
prefer?

______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

55 | S C G r a m m a r