INTERVIEW

PREPARATION
By: Sir Ali Javed
ISLAMIAT

(Nips Academy)
 Topics

PILLARS OF ISLAM (5)

1. Taueed/ Oneness (1st Nabawi)

2. Salat/ Namaz (10th Nabawi-27th Rajab)
3. Fasting/ Roza (10th Nabawi/before 2nd Hijra)
4. Zakat/ Alms (2nd Hijra)
5. Hajj/ Pilgrimage (9th Hijra)
 SALAT/ NAMAZ
 Meaning of Salat: Prayer/Dua
 Namaz is a Persian word, meaning in Urdu “Dua”
 Obligation: 27th Rajab, 10th Nabawi (before 3 Hijra)

 Initial Obligatory Salat: 2 (Fajar & Asar)

 Salat mentioned in Quran: 723 times
 Obligatory/ Farz Prayers: 5
 Fajar
 Zuhar
 Asar
 Maghrib
 Isha
 Miscellaneous Information of Salat
 First to Perform Salat in Makkah: Muhammad pbuh, Khadija r.a & Ali bin abi Talib r.a
 Order of change of Qibla: 15th Shaban,
2 Hijri during Zuhr Prayer
at Masjid Zu-Qiblatain (Masjid e Banu Salim)
 Order of Adhan: 2 Hijri
 Zohr-Asr & Maghrib-Isha prayers are offered together: During Hajj
 Zohr-Asr are offered in Arafat on 9th Zul-Hajj &
 Maghrib-Isha are offered together at Muzdalifa at the time of Isha on the night of 10th of Zul-
Hajj
 Number of Participants for performing Juma’t Salat: 2
 Ban of Saying Salam/Conversation during Salat: 2Hijri
 Prayers those can not be performed without Juma’t: 4
1. Eid ul Fitr
2. Eid ul Adha
3. Jumma Prayer
4. Funeral/ Janaza Prayer
Prayers that can not be re-performed

There is NO “QAZA” of the following 4 types of Salat:

1. Nafal Prayers
2. Sunnat Rakat of Prayers
3. Jumma Prayer
4. Eidain Prayers

 All Farz rakat of Farz Prayers & that of Vitar (Wajib) of Isha are
Obligatory/Wajib to be re-performed.
 TPES OF SALAT
(2 Types)
JAHRI SALAT KHAFI SALAT
In which Imam recites the Holy Quran In which Imam recites the Holy Quran
loudly/ explicitly implicitly
These Prayers include: Fajar, Maghrib & These Prayers are: Zuhar & Asar
Isha

TYPES OF MUQTADI (FOLLOWER OF IMAM DURING SALAT) (3

Types)
MUDARRIK MASBUQ LAHAQ
Who perform all Rakat Who misses initial Who misses the later
behind Imam. Joins at Rakat of Salat before Rakat of Salat after
Takbeer-e-Ula and ends joining with Imam joining with Imam
with Salam
 CHART OF RAKAT (OF FARD SALAT)

SALAT FARZ RAKAT SUNNAT RAKAT NAFAL WAJID RAKAT Total

RAKAT Rakat
Mo’kada Ghair Mo’kada
FAJR 2 2 4
ZOHR 4 4 2 12
ASR 4 4 8
MAGHRIB 3 2 2 7
ISHA 4 2 4 2+2=4 3 (Vitr: meaning 17
Odd/Wahid/Single)
Total Rakat:
17 12 8 8 3 48
20
JUMMA
2 4+4+2=10 2 14
 FRIDAY PRAYER
 First offered by: Mus’ab bin Umair r.a in the town of Bani Salim bin Auf.
 He led 40 people in the first Jumma Prayer.
 Ordered in: Surah Jumma
 The Order of Two Adhan for Jumma prayer was given by: Usman bin Affan during his caliphate.
(the third caliph added the “first Adhan” for Jumma Prayers)

EXCEPTIONS
1. Woman 5. Ill
2. Minor (Not an adult) 6. Insane
3. Imprisoned 7. Traveler
4. Slave 8. Disable

These 8 type of categories have the exception of Jumma Prayer. They will
offer Zuhr Prayer instead of Jumma Prayer. (Jumma Prayer can only be performed/
offered with Jummat/ or in Congregation)
 FRIDAY PRAYER & MASJID E JUMMA
 MASJID E JUMMA:
 On the boundary of Madinah marks the site where the Prophet pbuh led the
first Jummah salah, shortly after his Hijrah (migration) from Makkah. It is about
2.5 km from Masjid-e-Nabwi.
 The Prophet left Quba on a Friday to head into Madinah. About a
kilometer from Quba he passed the village of Banu Salim bin Auf.
 The people of Banu Salim implored: “O Prophet of Allah, you stayed at the homes of our
cousins for a number of days, reward us too with something, for they will pride
themselves over us till the Day of Judgement that you stayed with them”. The Prophet
pbuh )dismounted and offered his first Jummah in their locality.
 Approximately one hundred Muslims participated in this first Jummah
salah. Amongst them were the Prophet’s pbuh relatives from Bani an-Najjar
who had come to meet him and some from Bani Amr who had escorted him
from Quba.
 After performing the Friday prayer, the Prophet pbuh mounted Qaswa (his camel)
and set off for the city of Madinah
 Masjid e Jumma

• Masjid Jumma is also known as:

• Masjid Bani Salim,
• Masjid al Wadi,
• Masjid Ghubaib and
• Masjid Aatikah
 EIDAIN (EID PRAYERS)
 Occasion: Eid-ul-Fitr & Eid-ul-Adha
 Type: Wajib
 Obligation: 2 Hijri

 First Eid Prayers was offered: 2 Hijri (Eid ul Fitr) (at Madina)
 Rakat: 2
 Takbeer: 6 Additional Takbeer are said in Eidain Prayers.
 Khutba-e-Eid/ Sermon of Eid: It is delivered after the Salat of Eid.
 Place for Eidain: Eidgah is mandatory to be chosen for Eidain.
 TAHAJJUD
 Tahajjud also known as the "night prayer“
 Meaning: To rise from sleep.
 Tahajjud may be performed in the early part of the night, the middle part of the night, or the
later part (best time) of the night, but after the obligatory `Isha’ Prayer.
 Mode: Sunnat e Mo’kada
 Commenting on this subject, Ibn Hajar says:
 Rakat: Tahajjud Prayer does not entail a specific number of rak`ahs that must be
performed, nor is there any maximum limit that may be performed. It would be fulfilled
even if one prayed just one rak`ah of Witr after Isha'; however, it is traditionally prayed
with at least two rak'at which is known as shif'a followed by witr as this is
what Muhammad pbuh did. Abdullah ibn Umar narrated that Muhammad said:
 "Salatul Layl (Night Prayer, i.e. Tahajjud) is offered as two rak'at followed by two rak'at and (so
on) and if anyone is afraid of the approaching dawn (Fajr prayer) he should pray one rak'at and
this will be a Witr for all the rak'at which he has prayed before."
 TARAVIH SALAT
 Meaning of Taraveh: To stand upright (it is related to the Qayam-ul-Lail)

 Tarawih is a Sunnah Muakada

 you would get sin if skipped 3 consecutive times
 Period of Offering: Ramadan
 This prayer can be done alone, in a group, at home, or in a mosque or other
public meeting area it does not matter.

 The number of Rakat: Twenty (20).

 Muhammad pbuh was afraid that if he continued to perform the prayers in the
mosque, then his followers might come to think that they were compulsory and
not optional.

 After Muhammad pbuh, Taraweeh was Still prayed by 20 rakahs.

 Order given for its arrangement to be offered with Jum’at: Second Caliph Umar
Farooq r.a in 13 Hijra.
 Traveling/ Qasr Prayer
 The shortening (qasr) of prayers during travel is limited to the obligatory
four-rak'ah prayers. Hence zuhr, 'asr and 'isha’ prayers will be performed in
two rak'ahs, like the morning prayer.

CONDITIONS FOR QASR (2 TYPES)

57 Miles away from one’s Intension to stay less than 15

hometown days

If wife goes to her parent’s home, and meets the above two
conditions, she will offer Qasr Namaz.
 Traveling/ Qasr Prayer

FARD RAKAT

NORMAL PRAYERS QASR PRAYERS

FAJR 2 2

ZOHR 4 2

ASR 4 2

MAGHRIB 3 3 (3 Wajib Rakat will also be performed)

ISHA 4 2
 SALAT E ISTISQA
 Salat ul istasaqa is a prayer consisting of two rakaah performed during
the times of drought to ask Allah for rain.
 The imam prays, with the followers, two rak'at during any time except those times
in which it is not desirable to pray.

 Sura Al-A'la after Sura Al-Fatihah, and

In the first rak'ah, the imam recites

 In the second rak'ah, he reads Sura Al-Ghashiyah after Al-Fatihah, and

 The Imam delivers a khutbah before or after the salah.

 As soon as he finishes the khutbah, people face the qiblah and supplicate to Allah.

 It was first introduced in Madina in the month of Ramadan of 6th Hijrah.

 It is preferred for the one who is making this supplication to raise his hands with
the back of his hands toward the sky. Muslim records from Anas ra that
Muhammad pbuh would point with the back of his hands
during ishsqa.
 SALAT E ISTISQA
 Ash-Shaf'i states that it has been related from Salim ibn 'Abdullah, on the
authority of his father that Muhammad pbuh would say for ishsqa': "O Allah,
give us a saving rain, productive, plentiful, general, continuous. O Allah, give
us rain and do not make us among the despondent. O Allah, (Your) slaves,
land, animals, and (Your) creation all are suffering and seek protection. And
we do not complain except to You. O Allah, let our crops grow, and let the
udders be refilled. Give us from the blessings of the sky and grow for us from
the blessings of the earth. O Allah, remove from us the hardship, starvation,
and barrenness and remove the affliction from us as no one removes
afflictions save Thee. O Allah, we seek Your forgiveness as You are the
Forgiving, and send upon us plenteous rains." Ash-Shaf'i said: "I prefer that
the imam would supplicate with that (prayer)."
 It is also preferred, upon seeing the rain, to say: "O Allah, make it a beneficial
rain" and he should uncover part of his body to the rain. On the other hand, if
one fears that there is too much rain, one should say: "O Allah give us mercy and
do not give us punishment, calamities, destruction or flooding. O Allah, make
it upon the woods, farms and trees. Make it around us and not upon us.“
 SALAT E ISTIKHARA
 To look for Allah`s support and supervision in
The term “Istikharah” means:
the easiness or removal of any confusions in any matter before
making any crucial decision or taking up any key task. (To Seek
Allah’s Guidance)
 It requires to have absolute faith in the Almighty as the ultimate Knower of things (both seen and
unseen, and whatever lies in the entire universe), to be able to seek His direction for successful
execution of a matter.

 Jabir Ibn Abd`Allah Al Salami (R.A) narrated that “The Messenger (PBUH) of Allah used to
teach His companions to make istikharah in all things, just as He used to teach them surahs
from the Quran. He pbuh said: ‘If any one of you is concerned about a
decision he has to make, then let him pray two rakats of non-
obligatory prayer, then say (translation):

 CONDITIONS OF SALAT E ISTIKHARA:

 As it is to be performed right after praying two rakats of optional Namaz, so, it
is necessary for one to remain in complete state of cleanliness and
maintaining Wudu (ablution). Also one must also have clear conscious of asking
for clarity of stuff that is unclear, and is not beyond the boundaries of the
Islamic faith.
 Method Of Performing Istikharah
TWO RAKAT NAFAL (ISTIKHARA)
FIRST RAKAT SECOND RAKAT
In first round (rakat), after Surah Fatiha, in the second, it has to read Surah Ikhlas
recite Surah Al-Kafirun (Chapter 109) (chapter 112)

• After that, one has to read out the above mentioned Dua e Istikhara in Arabic.
• It is always advisable to send blessings on the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in the form of
Durood before and after any request to the Almighty for instant completion
of prayers.
• One should also sleep in the state of Ablution and keep its face towards Qibla
as it has been the way of Rasulullah (PBUH).
TIMINGS
There is no general compulsion in carrying out at particular time, but according to the
traditions forwarded from the companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), final third of
a night is the best time for fulfillment of one`s supplications.
Misconceptions about Salat e Istikhara

 The biggest delusion attached to Istikharah is that it results in getting solution

to uncertainty in one`s dream. Rather, it only serves as easiness
of matters for a person either through a Waseela
(nearness to God) through prayers, and receiving the ability to accomplish
one`s actions in the best way.

 Another common misunderstanding regarding Istikharah is that it is solely

down to the experts to execute this action successfully. No, that is not true.
Every Muslim, who has strong belief in Allah Almighty being the Supreme
Helper and Knowing of everything, can ask the Most Beneficent to
take its matters in His own hands, as the Almighty says in the
Holy Quran:

“Call upon Me; I will respond to you.”

SALAT E ISTIKHARA

And your Lord says, “Call upon Me; I will respond to you.” Indeed,
those who disdain My worship will enter Hell [rendered]
contemptible. [Quran, 40: 60]
 SALAT E KASUF
 Salat ul-Kusu is a prayer consisting of two rakaah performed during a solar eclipse.

During the time of Muhammad pbuh, a solar eclipse happened. People hurried to link this to a worldly
event, namely, the death of his son, Ibrahim r.a. Muhammad pbuh explained the truth of this matter to
them. In his Sahih, Imam Muslim reported that `A'ishah r.a said: There was a solar eclipse in the
time of the Messenger of Allah pbuh. He stood up to pray and prolonged his standing very much. He
then bowed and prolonged very much his bowing. He then raised his head and prolonged his standing
much, but it was less than the (duration) of the first standing. He then bowed and prolonged bowing
much, but it was less than the duration of his first bowing. He then prostrated and then stood up and
prolonged the standing, but it was less than the first standing. He then bowed and prolonged his
bowing, but it was less than the first bowing. He then lifted his head and then stood up and prolonged
his standing, but it was less than the first standing. He then bowed and prolonged bowing and it was
less than the first bowing. He then prostrated himself; then he turned about, and the sun had become
bright, and he addressed the people. He praised Allah and lauded Him and said: "The sun and the
moon are two signs of Allah; they are not eclipsed on account of anyone's death or on
account of anyone's birth. So when you see them, glorify and supplicate Allah, observe
the Prayer, give alms. O Ummah of Muhammad pbuh, none is more indignant than Allah
when His servant or maid commits fornication. O people of Muhammad pbuh, by Allah,
if you knew what I know, you would weep much and laugh little. O Allah, witness, I
informed them."
 SALAT E KHASUF
 Salat ul-Khusuf is a two rakaah prayer performed during a lunar
eclipse. They are performed by the Muslim community in
congregation.
 Khusuf salah is a Nafl (Not Obligatory) salah (Prayers). It is offered at the
time of a lunar eclipse. Khusuf salah is offered only in the areas of lunar
eclipse. Two or four Rak'ah (Units) of Khusuf salah are offered in a
Jama'ah (Group) or individually, with individual prayers
preferred.
 Neither Adhan (Call for Prayers) nor Iqamah (Second Call for Prayers) is
called for Khusuf salah.
 Recitation of the Quran during Khusuf salah can be done either silently or
loudly.
 MORNING NAFAL PRAYERS
The supererogatory morning prayer has many names. Among them:
 Salat al-Duha or Sibhat al-Duha - Sibha meaning a supererogatory
prayer in general and Duha meaning morning, mid-morning, or late morning. This
is the name that reoccurs the most in the narrations. It is the late morning prayer
when the sun is very hot. The reason for this name is that one
leaves dunya/World at that time to return to Allah Most High and makes up for
the Night prayer that he missed. Hence Salat al-Duha is even more
stressed for those who miss tahajjud and is its replacement.
 Salat al-Awwabin - is the "prayer of the Oft-Returning" as specified by
Prophet Muhammad pbuh and is offered between Maghrib prayer and Isha prayer.
 Salat al-Ishraq - is the "sunrise prayer" or the prayer performed very
shortly after sunrise.
 Salat al-Fath - is the "victory prayer" as it was established that Prophet
Muhammad pbuh prayed it the morning he entered Makkah (in al-Bukhari and
Muslim) and this has become the Sunna of military leaders upon entering a newly
conquered region
 Ghufayla Prayer
 Ghufayla Prayer is a famous Nafl Salah (supererogatory prayer) which
consists of two Rakats that is done between Maghrib and Isha prayers
as a Mustahab (recommended) prayer.
 The word "ghufayla" is the diminutive noun of "ghaflah"
(neglect) and it means small neglect. There are hadiths which
mention this Salah as an efficient prayer in the requests of people from
Allah being responded to and likewise person's sins being forgiven by
Him.
 It is said from Ja'far al-Sadiq ra that he quoted from Muhammad al-
Baqir that prophet Muhammad pbuh said about this recommended
prayer that "say prayer in the time of neglect, although it
is two Rakats, these two Rakats enter (you) in the
paradise; it was asked Muhammad pbuh in a similar hadith that
"when is the time of neglect?", then he answered "it is between
Maghrib and Isha".
 AZAN/ ADHAN
 Adhan was ordered to be called on: 2 Hijri
 Sentences of Adhan were dreamt of by: Abdullah bin Zaid
(Umar al-Khattab r.a & some other Companions as well) (as
per Shiaism, the wordings of Adhan were revealed by Allah
to prophet Muhammad pbuh)
 First Mu’addan: Bilal bin Rabah r.a
 Total Sentences in Adhan: 15 (In morning Adhan: 17)
 The Sentence, “Salat is better than sleep” is added by: Umar
al-Khattab r.a
 The phrase “Allah-0-Akbar” is said in Adhan: 6 times
 DIFFERENT POSITIONS / PARTS OF SALAT

1. Takbeer To Say “Allah o Akbar” & enter into Salat

2. Qayam To stand upright while reciting Quran in Salat

3. Ruku To bow on Knees

4. Qauma To stand from Ruku

5. Sajda The two Prostrations

6. Jalsa To sit in between two prostrations

7. Qa’da Qa’da Ula: to sit for “Tashahhud” after 2 Rakat in 4 Rakat Salt
(Plural: Qu’ood) Qa’da Akhir: to sit for “Tashahhud” in a 2 Rakat Salat
8. Tashahhud to read “at-tahiyat” while sitting in Qa’da
(The Tashahhud meaning the testimony of faith, also known as Attahiyat) is
the portion of the prayer where the precant sits on the ground facing
the qibla, glorifies God, and greets the messenger and the righteous people of
God followed by the two testimonials. The recitation is followed by an invocation
of the blessings and peace upon the prophet known as Salawat or Darood)
TAKBEER
QAYYAM
QAYYAM
QAYYAM (RECITATION OF AL-FATIHA)
QAYYAM (RECITATION AFTER AL-FATIHA)
RUKU
QAUMA (QAYYAM AFTER RUKU)
SAJDA
TASHAHHUD
SAJDA
QUOOD
QUOOD
QUOOD
QUOOD
QUOOD
SALAM
1. FARAIZ
2. WAJIBAT &
3. SUNNAT OF SALAT
 FARAIZ OF SALAT

1 – The pillars of prayer, of which there are fourteen, as follows: (viii)Rising from prostration
(i)Standing during obligatory prayers if one is able to do so

(ii)The opening takbeer (saying “Allaahu akbar”) (ix)Sitting between the two prostrations. However one sits is good
enough, but the Sunnah is to sit muftarishan, which means sitting
on the left foot and holding the right foot upright with the toes
pointing towards the qiblah.

(iii)Reciting al-Faatihah (x)Being at ease in each of these physical pillars

(iv)Rukoo’ (bowing), the least of which means bending so that the (xi)The final tashahhud
hands can touch the knees, but the most complete form means
making the back level and the head parallel with it.

(v)Rising from bowing (xii)Sitting to recite the final tashahhud and the two salaams

(vi)Standing up straight (xiii)The two salaams. This means saying twice, “al-salaamu
‘alaykum wa rahmat-Allaah (Peace be upon you and the mercy of
Allaah).” In naafil prayers it is sufficient to say one salaam; the
same also applies to the funeral prayer.

(vii)Sujood (prostration), the most perfect form of which is placing (xiv)Doing the pillars in the order mentioned here. If a person
the forehead, nose, palms, knees and toes firmly on the ground, deliberately prostrates before bowing, for example, the prayer is
and the least of which is placing a part of each of these on the invalidated; if he does that by mistake, he has to go back and bow,
ground. and then prostrate.
 Tayamum
 Obligation: 4th Hijri in Surah al-Maida

 Conditions/Faraiz: 3
1. Niyyat (intention)
2. Striking both hands on earth and rubbing them on the face.
3. Striking both hands on earth and rubbing both forearms including
the elbows.

 It is valid for both bath/Ghusl & Ablution/Wudu

 Water is not available for at least: Near to One Mile.

 Tayammum is the Islamic act of dry ablution using a purified sand or

dust, which may be performed in place of ritual washing (wudu or ghusl) if no
clean water is readily available or if one is suffering from moisture-induced skin
inflammation or scaling.
 Sura 5 (Al-Mai'da), Verse #6
O you who believe! When you intend to offer As-Salat (the prayer),
wash your faces and your hands (forearms) up to the elbows, rub
(by passing wet hands over) your heads, and (wash) your feet up to
ankles. If you are in a state of Janaba (i.e. after a sexual discharge),
purify yourselves (bathe your whole body). But if you are ill or on a
journey, or any of you comes after answering the call of nature, or
you have been in contact with women (i.e. sexual intercourse), and
you find no water, then perform tayammum with clean earth and rub
therewith your faces and hands. Allah does not want to place you in
difficulty, but He wants to purify you, and to complete His Favour to
you that you may be thankful.
 Circumstances when tayammum is necessary
 Tayammum may be substituted for wudu or ghusl when access to water is restricted or
impractical, namely:

1. When sufficient amounts of water for ritual washing are not available, including when using the
available water for wudu or ghusl would leave insufficient water for drinking.
2. When obtaining water is hazardous or prohibitively expensive.
3. When using water poses a health risk.
4. When the water available is impure.
5. When you don’t have potable water.
6. you are calling in sick and you can't touch water with your bare hands.

 4:43 O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know
what you are saying or in a state of janabah, except those passing through [a place of prayer], until
you have washed [your whole body]. And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the
place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and find no water, then seek clean earth
and wipe over your faces and your hands [with it]. Indeed, Allah is ever Pardoning and Forgiving.
 Thus, in case of illness, even if there is water, one still does not need to wash.
 Performing Tayammum
 Finding a piece of ground which is free of najaasah (unclean elements).
This could be any surface that naturally collects dust like rock, sand or grass.

 Mentally make niyyah, or intention to make tayammum.

 Recite the bismillah.
 Place the hands on the surface of the ground.
 Lift your hands and ensure that there is no dust on your palm surface by hitting
your hands together.
 Rub your face with both your hands. The face encompasses the right ear to the
left, and the top of the forehead to the bottom of the chin
 Rub your hands with one another.

 The same conditions that invalidate wudu also invalidate tayammum. In

addition, a person's tayammum is invalidated as and when water becomes
available.
 TAYAMMUM
PERMITTED ITEMS IMPERMITTED ITEMS
All items which have thick dust on them, 2. 1. All things that are not earthen, such as
Baked earthen pots (unglazed) things that burn and turn into ashes or
things that can be melted by heat.
EXAMPLES:
EXAMPLES:
1. Clay,
1. Trees
2. Limestone,
2. Grass and the leaves of fruits
3. The ‫ابخش‬stone,
and vegetables
4. Taahir (Pure) earth, and
3. Wood
5. Walls of mud, stone or brick.
4. Things made of straw
5. Metals, such as iron, brass,
aluminum, copper, gold
6. Nylon, plastic, and walls
painted with oil-based paint
7. Glass
 OVERVIEW OF SALAT

NAMAZ TAHAJJUD TARAVEEH

MODE

TIME

RAKAT

DISTINCTION
 OVERVIEW OF SALAT

NAMAZ ISHRAQ CHASHT

MODE

TIME

RAKAT

DISTINCTION
 OVERVIEW OF SALAT
NAMAZ TASBEEH AWWABEEN

MODE

TIME

RAKAT

DISTINCTION
 OVERVIEW OF SALAT

NAMAZ KASOOF KHASOOF

MODE

TIME

RAKAT

DISTINCTION
 OVERVIEW OF SALAT

NAMAZ ISTIKHARA ISTISQA

MODE

TIME

RAKAT

DISTINCTION
 OVERVIEW OF SALAT
NAMAZ FUNERAL QASR

MODE

TIME

RAKAT

DISTINCTION
 OVERVIEW OF SALAT

NAMAZ TAHIYAT UL MASID TAHIYAT UL WUDU

MODE

TIME

RAKAT

DISTINCTION
 OVERVIEW OF SALAT
NAMAZ SALAT E KHAUF SALAT E HAJAT

MODE

TIME

RAKAT

DISTINCTION
 AHKAM E KHAMSA (THE FIVE COMMANDS)

 The five categories of Ahkam al-khamsah or the hierarchy of acts

from permitted to non-permitted are:

1. FARD/ WAJID – "Compulsory"/"duty“

2. MUSTAHAB – Recommended, "desirable“
3. MUBAH – Neutral, "permissible“
4. MAKRUH – Disliked
5. HARAM – Sinful, "prohibited"
 TYPES OF HARAM
TWO (2)
HARAM LI-ZATI HARAM LI-GHAIRI
Prohibited because of its essence Prohibited because of external reasons that are not
and harm it causes to an individual fundamentally harmful but are associated to
something that is prohibited
EXAMPLES:
EXAMPLES:
1. Adultery,
2. Murder, Ill-gotten wealth obtained through sin.
3. Theft It include money earned through cheating,
stealing, corruption, murder and Interest or
any means that involves harm to another human
being.
Also, a deal or sale during Friday's prayers.
It is prohibited in Islam for a Muslim to profit from
such haram actions. Any believer who benefits from
or lives off wealth obtained through haram is
a sinner.
 1. FARD/ WAJID – "Compulsory"/"duty”
 Farḍ in Islam is a Religious Duty commanded by Allah. Muslims who obey
such commands or duties are said to receive hasanat, ajr or thawab each
time for each good deed.
 Fard or its synonym wājib is one of the five types of ahkam into
which fiqh categorizes acts of every Muslim.

TYPES OF FARZ

FARZ-E-AYN ‫فرض العين‬ FARZ-E-KIFAYA ‫فرض الكفاية‬

Individual duty or farḍ al-'ayn
relates is required to perform,
such as Salat, Zakat, Fasting
& Pilgrimage to Mecca.
Sufficiency duty or farḍ al-kifāya is a duty which
is imposed on the whole community of
believers. The classic example for it
is Janaza: the individual is not required to
perform it as long as a sufficient number of
community members fulfill it.
 2. MUSTAHAB – “Recommended, "desirable”
 Mustahabb is a term referring to recommended, favoured or virtuous
actions.
 One definition is "duties recommended, but not essential; fulfilment of which is
rewarded, though they may be neglected without punishment".
 Mustahabb actions are those whose Ruling (ahkam) in Islamic law falls between
Mubah and Wajib.
 Synonyms of Mustahabb include Masnun and Mandub. The opposite of Mustahabb
is Makruh.
 recommended: These are acts which are encouraged by the Prophet (alaihi selam).
If we do them we’re rewarded, if we don’t we’re not punished no matter what
 EXAMPLES OF MUSTAHAB ACTS:
 As-Salamu Alaykum (Islamic greeting)
 Sadaqah (charity outside of zakat)
 Umrah (except in the Shafi'i madhhab, wherein it is fard)
 3. MUBAH – Neutral, "permissible“
 Mubah means "permitted", which has technical uses in Islamic law.
 These are some acts that are allowed and they don’t affect
our faith or relationship with God.

 EXAMPLES: sitting, eating, drinking, sleeping, etc...

Difference Between Mubah and Halal

 In fiqh halal is the opposite of haramand includes everything that is not
haram. Based on this, halal is more general than mubah, i.e. every mubah is
halal; but not every halal is mubah, such as makruh which is halal but
not mubah
 4. MAKRUH – Disliked
 In Islamic terminology, something which is Makruh is a
disliked or offensive act (literally "detestable" or
"abominable"). It is one of the five categories (al-ahkam
al-khamsa) in Islamic law.

 Though it is not haram (forbidden) or subject to

punishment, a person who abstains from this act
will be rewarded. Muslims are encouraged to avoid
such actions when or as possible. It is one of the degrees
of approval (ahkam) in Islamic law.
 TYPES OF MAKRUH
MAKRUH TAHRIMI MAKRUH TANZIHI
Makruh tahrimi involves omitting a wajib act, and it is Makruh tanzihi
close to haram. signifies something
that is close to
A person who commits something makruh tahrimi deliberately lawful (halal) acts
is sinful and deserves punishment in Hell. or an act that is
better for you not to
If a person has committed makruh tahrimi by omitting a wajib do it than to do it.
element of salat
 Makruh on purpose, it will be wajib for him/her to
tahrimi:
repeat that salat. EXAMPLE:
It is makruh tanzihi
Imam Muhammad said that makruh tahrimi meant haram. not to do sunnat-i
Imam A'zam and Imam Abu Yusuf said that it neared the ghayr-i muakkada or
boundary of haram. Committing that which is makruh tahrimi mustahab acts. If the
is a minor sin. A person who persists in committing a minor sin word makruh is used
will be a fasiq. alone, it signifies
makruh tahrimi.
 ACTS OF MAKRUH E TAHRIMI
 1. Performing a voluntary (nafilah) salat before Salat al-Maghrib,
 2. Using a deposit without the permission of the giver,
 3. Eating or drinking from silver or gold vessels or using such vessels,
 4. Calling your parents and your husband by their names,
 5. Consuming shellfish,
 6. Several people's reciting the Qur'an al-karim loudly in the same place,
 7. Spreading on the floor a prayer rug with a picture of a mosque on it,
 8. In a mosque, talking loudly, making speeches, quarreling, or talking about mundane
matters,
 9. Shutting yourself away in a mosque or home and performing acts of worship all day
by giving up all worldly pleasures, such as eating, drinking, and marrying,
 10. Performing salat wearing a garment on which there is a picture of a human or an
animal,
 11. Starting to perform a sunnat salat (excluding the sunnat salat of Salat al-Fajr)
when the jama'at is about to start a fard salat,
 ACTS OF MAKRUH E TAHRIMI
 12. When seeing a janaza (corpse), standing up and waiting with your face toward it,
 13. A fasiq person's calling out adhan and leading jama'at in salat,
 14. Calling out adhan sitting,
 15. Using obscene language,
 16. Marrying a Christian or a Jewish woman,
 17. The khatib's talking about worldly affairs between the khutba and the salat (for example,
his saying "Whoever finds my umbrella, let him bring it to me"),
 18. (For a man) performing salat with the top of his head bare by wrapping a hankie around
his head,
 19. Reciting in the second rak'at the ayahs that come before the ones recited in the first
rak'at or reciting in the second rak'at three ayahs more than the ones recited in the first
rak'at (these acts will not be makruh if done forgetfully),
 20. Reciting in the second rak'at the same ayahs recited in the first rak'at (which is makruh
tanzihi),
 21. The imam's performing qira'at (recitation) and tasbihaat in salat more than what was
prescribed by sunnat,
 22. Bowing for ruku' or rising from ruku', or going down for sajda or rising from sajda before
the imam does,
 ACTS OF MAKRUH E TAHRIMI
 23. Reciting Surat al-Fatiha behind the imam while he is reciting it,
 24. Performing salat (for a man) in silken or stolen clothes,
 25. A woman's shaving her head without a valid excuse (it is permissible for her to shorten her hair
by having its part extending down below the ear lobes cut off, provided that it will not be like the
hair of a man),
 26. Women's kissing each other when they meet or their attending Salat al-Janaza,
 27. Giving alms though you are in need,
 28. Using a handkerchief out of arrogance or to show off (it is permissible to use it if there is a
need, e.g. to wipe sweat off or to wipe the nose),
 29. Stretching your two legs or one leg toward the qibla direction (it is not makruh if you stretch
them due to a valid excuse or by mistake),
 30. Delaying shaving pubic and armpit hair beyond 40 days,
 31. Starting a sunnat salat when there is a little time before the expiry of the time for a fard salat,
 32. Omitting a sunnat-i muakkada element of salat, (It is makruh tanzihi to omit one of the sunnat-i
ghayr-i muakkada elements of salat. If a person habitually omits sunnat salats without a valid
excuse, it will be a minor sin. It causes disbelief to consider a sunnat act unimportant.)
 33. Inserting the fingers of both hands between each other during salat or in the mosque (it is
makruh tanzihi if done elsewhere),
 ACTS OF MAKRUH E TAHRIMI
 34. Breaking a voluntary fast without a valid excuse,
 35. Not making up the voluntary fast you broke,
 36. Observing a fast of Ramadan on a doubtful day,
 37. Delaying Salat al-Isha until after midnight or Salat al-Asr until it is close to
the evening,
 38. Playing such games as backgammon and chess (it will be haram if you
frequently play it or if it involves gambling),
 39. Cleaning yourself after urination or defecation with zamzam water, a leaf,
or paper,
 40. Turning your front or back toward the qibla when urinating or defecating
(it will not be makruh if you turn toward it forgetfully or due to a valid
excuse),
 41. Not giving your zakat and delaying it after it has become fard (obligatory)
on you.
 5. HARAM – “Sinful, "prohibited"
The religious term haram, based on the Quran, is applied to:
 Actions, such cursing, fornication,
as murder and
disrespecting your parents.
 Policies, such as riba (usury, interest).

 Certain food and drink, such as pork and alcohol.

 Some Halal objects, foods or actions that are normally halal but
under some conditions become haram. For example, halal food
and drinks at noon-time during Ramadan, or a cow or
another halal animal that is not slaughtered in the
Islamic way and in the name of Allah.
 Certain inaction, such as abandoning the salat.