Signaling in a 5G world

An IHS Markit Technology Webinar

#5G
Confidential. © 2018 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.
 Customize your console
Widgets are resizable and movable

Use the controls Drag the bottom Click the icon to Have a question? Click the icon for
to minimize or right hand corner download resources & Click the icon tech help
maximize a widget to resize it bookmark helpful links

Confidential. © 2018 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved. 2

 #5G

Today’s speakers

Diane Myers Allen Tatara

Senior Research Director, VoIP, UC, and IMS Senior Manager, Webinar Events (Moderator)
IHS Markit IHS Markit

Patrik Rokyta
Senior Director, Product Management
NetNumber

Satvinder Bawa
Senior Product Manager, Cloud Signaling Director
Nokia

Confidential. © 2018 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved. 3

 #5G

1 Market trends

2 Why signaling control in 5G

3 Use cases

4 Deployment considerations

5 Sponsor approaches

6 Conclusions

7 Audience Q&A

Confidential. © 2018 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved. 4

Signaling migration

Existing environment

• 2G/3G: Signaling Transfer Point (STP)

• 4G: Diameter Signaling Controllers (DSC)

Signaling migration

• 2G/3G: IP STP

• 4G: virtualized and cloud native DSC

• 5G Radio: 3GPP 5G non-standalone

(NSA) support 5G Core: HTTP/2

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

5
Mobile broadband driving signaling traffic migration
Mobile Subscribers
9.0
• Mobile traffic is shifting to 4G but 2G/3G
8.0 still hangs around

7.0 • SS7 not going away

6.0 • Diameter traffic in LTE networks is growing

Subscribers (Billions)

5.0
• 5G starts to emerge in 2019/20
4.0
• Operators need to proactively architect
3.0 signaling controllers
2.0

1.0

0.0
CY16 CY17 CY18 CY19 CY20 CY21 CY22 CY23

2G 3G 4G

Source: IHS Markit Diameter Signaling Control Market Report; 2019

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.
6
Enhanced mobile broadband is the key driver for 5G
Extreme/enhanced
94%
mobile broadband

Real-time gaming 76%

HD and UHD video services 71%

Massive Internet of things 71%

Use Cases

agility
Tactile low latency touch and steer 71%

Fixed-wireless access 53%

Augmented reality or virtual reality 29%

Autonomous driving 29%

efficiency
Factory automation 18%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Percent of Respondents Rating “Strong Driver”
Scale: 1 = not a driver; 7 = strong driver
Source: IHS Markit Evolution from 4G to 5G Service Provider Survey – 2018
© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.
7
In the end, 5G will enable broad set of use cases driving signaling traffic

Enhanced mobile
broadband
• Capacity for peak data
rates in large crowds
• Network intelligence to
allocate resources
Smart Augmented
Smart home / VR Mobile UHD
buildings
agility
Massive IoT
• Deep coverage & density
5G
Transport Work/play
& logistics cloud
• 10+ year battery life
• Low data rate optimization Augmented
Reality
Smart Robots &
agriculture drones

Smart cities Autonomous

Industry Digital
vehicles Mission critical comms
automation health
• Ultra-high mobile reliability
• Substantial security
• Ultra-low latency

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

8
Signaling traffic complexity

Operator A

UDM
PCF • Scalability
HTTP/2 • Security
NRF Proxy
Zone A

AMF SMF

SEPP
HTTP/2
Proxy

AMF
NRF Zone B
SMF
UDM PCF

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

9
 #5G

1 Market trends

2 Why signaling control in 5G

3 Use cases

4 Deployment considerations

5 Sponsor approaches

6 Conclusions

7 Audience Q&A

Confidential. © 2018 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved. 10

Why signaling control in 5G?

Complexity will Internet protocols

increase due to like HTTP are easier
introduction of SDN to attack than SS7
and NFV in 5G and Diameter
networks because traffic
penetration tools are
available

5G targets Higher level of

service domains security, privacy and
(e.g. remote healthcare) integrity protection
that need high than in 4G will be
reliability and robust expected in 5G
security

Source: Security Working Group within the 5G PPP project

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.
11
Why signaling control in 5G?

5G core signaling traffic shall be

encrypted (transport level)

Specialized signaling control NFs 5G network functions discovering and

provide for inter-generation short consuming 5G services inside and
message, location management, outside of the PLMN must be authorized
and policy control

Analytics needed as an input into The perimeter of the PLMN network

access screening lists, policy control needs protection by HTTP security
and network slicing proxies that combat fraud

Real-time data capture needed

for traffic monitoring and as an input
into LCM operations
(self-healing, auto-scaling)

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

12
Signaling’s complexity

Vast number of NFs/NEs

Different versions & vendors

Interconnect issues

Security

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

13
 #5G

1 Market trends

2 Why signaling control in 5G

3 Use cases

4 Deployment considerations

5 Sponsor approach

6 Conclusions

7 Audience Q&A

Confidential. © 2018 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved. 14

Familiar use cases still matter in 5G

Use case Diameter/4G EPC HTTP2/5GC SBA

Load Balancing Required Required

Server Overload Control Required Required

Observability: monitoring/analytics/telemetry Required Required

Mediation Required Required

Scaling Up or Down (adding/removing systems) Required Required

Upgrade facilitation Required Required

Server Selection (SLF/Session Correlation/etc.) Required Required

Server Access Control Required Required

Message Validation Required Required

Rate Limiting Required Required

Topology Hiding Required Required

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

15
Load balancing example

Direct addressing: Service proxied:

• Some NFs may get more load than others • Signaling hub is added

• Real time load knowledge not available • Provides total load visibility

• Load updates to NRF are too slow for real • Enables consistent load distribution
time responsiveness for consumer NFs

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

16
Mediation example

• SMF supplied by vendor X sends a HTTP2/JSON

message to PCF supplied by vendor Y
Service
Service11 Service
Service22 Service55
Service

• SMF sends a JSON message of different structure

than what the PCF expects
Service 3 Service Service
Service 3
proxy proxy
• PCF rejects the message

• A proxy is added: Service

proxy
Service 4 Service 6
• Rel 15 proxies have to be added as transparent proxies Service 4 Service 6

• Rel 16 proxies will be added with appropriate Service NF to NF Proxied flows

Communication Proxy configuration direct are monitored
signaling flows flows
• Mediation is configured for appropriate are
message transformation unobserved
flows
• All subsequent messages received by the PCF from the SMF
are now received and appropriately processed by the PCF

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

17
5G signaling control – use cases
• Service registration and deregistration (NRF)
Service Management across
• Intra-PLMN / Inter-PLMN Service discovery (NRF)
the 5G Core Service Bus
• Service access authorization (NRF authorization server)

• Outbound or routing Service Communication Proxy (SCP)

for traffic dispatching, load balancing, re-routing and rate limiting
Traffic Distribution
• Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) for load level
and Overload Protection
determination as an input into policy control and slice selection
• Overload protection built into NFs or signaling firewalls

• Inter-generation short message services (SMSF),

Signaling Interworking
location management (LMF), and policy control (PCF)

• Multi-protocol Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP)

Signaling Security
for access control, cross-domain and inter-generation security

Accounting, Reporting, Analytics

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.
18
5G signaling control – service consumer authorization

After registering its service

in the NRF, the consumer
NF will request a JSON Service Registration and Access Token Request
Web Token secured with cNF NRF
digital signatures or
message authentication
codes (MAC)

To obtain a service from

the 5G core, the consumer
NF sends the access token cNF
Service Request (access token)
pNF
✓
as part of the service
request to the producer
NF. The producer NF
verifies the integrity and
claims in the access token. Service Request (access token)
If successful, the producer cNF pNF
NF executes the service.

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

19
5G signaling control – 5G-LTE cross-domain location check

Location DB
When N8 UE Registration
message is received,
certain parameters such as ueRegistration ueRegistration
SUPI/IMSI, the AMF AMF UDM
identity / GUAMI are SFW/SEPP
stored in the SFW/SEPP
Location Database
Location DB

When S6a Update Location

request is received, the
message parameters MME
updateLocation ✓ updateLocation
HSS
such as IMSI, MME SFW/SEPP
identity, and PLMN ID Location DB
are cross-checked
(velocity check) with the
5G parameters already updateLocation
stored in the SFW/SEPP MME
Location Database SFW/SEPP

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

20
 #5G

1 Market trends

2 Why signaling control in 5G

3 Use cases

4 Deployment considerations

5 Sponsor approaches

6 Conclusions

7 Audience Q&A

Confidential. © 2018 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved. 21

5G core / deployment considerations

• eMBB • DCN / network slices • Local configuration • SUPI / SUCI

• URLLC • 5G NR / 4G Core • NRF • IMSI / NAI

• mMTC • 5G SA • eSBA (3GPP R16) • MSISDN / External ID

• Fixed-wireline access • 5G lifetime

Use Cases Network Efficiency Service Management User Identities

Security Routing and 4G IW Roaming Deployment

• TLS • NF built-in routing • vNRF / hNRF • ETSI MANO / ONAP

• oAuth2 • HTTP2 proxy (SCP) • cSEPP / pSEPP • Containers

• SUCI • SMSF • cIPX / pIPX • Automation

• SEPP • LMF • JOSE.JWS • Monitoring

• GDPR, FASG, ... • PCF (IMS Core IW) • PKI

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.
22
Enhancements to the service based architecture 3GPP TR 23.742
Add a service communication proxy (SCP)
A1 Provisioned NFs B1 Discovered NFs
• Small networks/Early Deployments • Add Service Discovery to support
zero touch operations

Producer Producer Discover

Notify

Request Request NRF

Notify Notify

Consumer Consumer Register

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

23
Enhancements to the service based architecture 3GPP TR 23.742
Add a service communication proxy (SCP)
C1 Managed Service Interactions D1 Fully Managed Services
• Add a service communication proxy to aid in • Complete service communication
signaling related use cases including NRF interactions

Producer Producer
Discover
Notify NRF
Request Notify Request Notify
Service Service
Communication NRF Communication
Proxy Proxy Discover
Notify
Request Notify Request Notify Register
Register

Consumer Consumer

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

24
 #5G

1 Market trends

2 Why signaling control in 5G

3 Use cases

4 Deployment considerations

5 Sponsor approaches

6 Conclusions

7 Audience Q&A

Confidential. © 2018 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved. 25

Nokia Cloud Signaling Director:
Grow 4G and deploy 5G with confidence, so that you can prosper

Signaling solution with real world cloud deployments around the world

Simplify Scale Secure Cloud Native

• Mediation • Automatic scale • Edge • Built for the cloud
in / out
• Observation • Core • Built for 5G
• Dynamic balancing
• Control • Vulnerabilities
• Roll out • Load

High performance mediation using agile rules engine

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

26
Nokia Cloud Signaling Director as the hub of all your signaling
UDR
IMS
AF BSF AUSF CHF PCF UDM NEF UDSF SMSF

AAA Charging PCRF HSS

5G slices
Firewall 4G 5G SEPP
Roaming
Roaming
Diameter DEA DRA SCP SEPP
Firewall
SMF AMF NSSF NRF

UPF Data
Non- network
N3IWF
S/P GW MME IMS 3GPP
ePDG, Nokia Cloud
TWAG Signaling Director
Data
3GPP SCP – Service
network
Communication Proxy
© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.
27
NetNumber, Inc.

About Us Multi-Protocol Multi-Service TITAN

Founded 1999 NetNumber TITAN Edge compute platform
~200 employees in 22+ countries, with 6+ industry protocol stacks available for
offices in Boston, Frankfurt, Prague numerous customer-defined and 15+ different
and Utrecht off-the-shelf network and data services

200+ Global Customers

SW-based and Cloud-ready
NetNumber products are deployed by
NetNumber products can be deployed as a
9 out of 10 largest global telcos and by
VM on KVM/Openstack and ESXi/VMware
16 IPX carriers processing hundreds
based VIs, or on COTS HW, or as a VNF
of billions transactions every months
managed by a VNF Manager (VNFM)
on over 550+ TITAN Edge nodes
www.netnumber.com

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

28
NetNumber TITAN addressing 5G core requirements

• TITAN Edge Compute Cluster (ECC)

• Mobile Edge Cloud Computing

• Local data for URLLC and isolated operations

• UDR support where required

• COTS, VM, VNF, containers

• TITAN Multi-Protocol Support

• Diameter, SS7, HTTP, HTTP2, SIP, DNS, RADIUS, …
• Multi-protocol Signaling Firewall (SFW / SEPP)
• 15+ off-the-shelf (standards-defined) network functions
• Inter-generation (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, IMS) services
• Customer-defined applications where required
• Minimal service interruptions and outages
• Redundancy and fast failover for cluster resources
• Multiple active PoPs for data provisioning
• On-site and inter-site data replication

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.

29
NetNumber strategy for 5G NR and 5G core

• HSS (5G NR RAT, extended bitrates)

5G NSA (4G core)
• PCRF (5G NR RAT, 5G IP CAN types, extended bitrates)

5G SA (5G core) • AuC evolution (ARPF / SIDF)

• Authentication Server Function (AUSF)
UE Authentication
UE Context Management • Unified Data Management (UDM)

Subscriber Data Management • SDM data model add-ons (5G data and 4G interworking)

• Signaling Firewall evolution (SEPP)

Signaling Security
• Network Repository Function (NRF)

Routing Control, Policy Control,

• As required
Signaling Interworking …

Accounting, Reporting, Analytics

© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.
30
 #5G

1 Market trends

2 Why signaling control in 5G

3 Use cases

4 Deployment considerations

5 Sponsor approaches

6 Conclusions

7 Audience Q&A

Confidential. © 2018 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved. 31

Takeaways
5G will bring additional signaling
complexity, security risks and
scaling challenges
Key elements include routing
and 4G interworking, roaming,
service management,
user identities
© 2019 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved.
Important use cases for 5G
signaling control include
service mgmt. across 5G core
service bus, traffic distribution
and overload protection,
signaling interworking, security
32
 #5G

1 Market trends

2 Why signaling control in 5G

3 Use cases

4 Deployment considerations

5 Sponsor approaches

6 Conclusions

7 Audience Q&A

Confidential. © 2018 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved. 33

 #5G

Audience Q&A

Diane Myers Allen Tatara

Senior Research Director, VoIP, UC, and IMS Senior Manager, Webinar Events (Moderator)
IHS Markit IHS Markit
Diane.Myers@ihsmarkit.com Allen.Tatara@ihsmarkit.com

Patrik Rokyta
Senior Director, Product Management
NetNumber
prokyta@netnumber.com

Satvinder Bawa
Senior Product Manager, Cloud Signaling Director
Nokia
Satvinder.Bawa@nokia.com

Confidential. © 2018 IHS MarkitTM. All Rights Reserved. 34

Thank You
This webcast will be available on-demand for 90 days.

For additional IHS Markit events, visit: Follow us on Twitter:

http://technology.ihs.com/events @IHSMarkitTech

Disclaimer
The information contained in this presentation is confidential. Any unauthorized use, disclosure, reproduction, or dissemination, in full or in part, in any media or by any means, without the prior written permission of IHS Markit Ltd. or any of its affiliates ("IHS Markit") is
strictly prohibited. IHS Markit owns all IHS Markit logos and trade names contained in this presentation that are subject to license. Opinions, statements, estimates, and projections in this presentation (including other media) are solely those of the individual author(s) at the
time of writing and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of IHS Markit. Neither IHS Markit nor the author(s) has any obligation to update this presentation in the event that any content, opinion, statement, estimate, or projection (collectively, "information") changes or
subsequently becomes inaccurate. IHS Markit makes no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of any information in this presentation, and shall not in any way be liable to any recipient for any inaccuracies or omissions. Without
limiting the foregoing, IHS Markit shall have no liability whatsoever to any recipient, whether in contract, in tort (including negligence), under warranty, under statute or otherwise, in respect of any loss or damage suffered by any recipient as a result of or in connection with
any information provided, or any course of action determined, by it or any third party, whether or not based on any information provided. The inclusion of a link to an external website by IHS Markit should not be understood to be an endorsement of that website or the site's
owners (or their products/services). IHS Markit is not responsible for either the content or output of external websites. Copyright © 2019, IHS MarkitTM. All rights reserved and all intellectual property rights are retained by IHS Markit.

35