Name: Memoona Sadaf

Registration No: 211836 MS CYS III

Blockchain Security
Assignment 2
Instructor: Sir Anwar ul Hassan
Date: 23rd October 2022
 Paper 1

Paper Title

Access Control and Privacy-Preserving Blockchain-Based System for Diseases Management

Authors

Kebira Azbeg , Ouail Ouchetto, and Said Jai Andaloussi

Purpose

This study aims to enhance medical quality, lower expenses, and advance data security in the
medical (healthcare) industry as well as guarantee remote health monitoring and enhance the
healthcare process.

Problem identified

The medical sector is dealing with a number of issues, mostly due to the lack of personal,
institutions, and medications in public health systems.

In medical sector the current systems are based on centralized communication with cloud servers.
However, there are numerous security and privacy vulnerabilities with centralized architecture. To
resolve these problems, a distributed architecture must be used.

Significance/Contribution
Blockchain-based system to secure Internet-of-Things (IoT) medical equipment has been proposed.
They suggested using Blockchain technology in addition to data encryption to improve security and
privacy in healthcare systems. The system's goal is to enable remote patient monitoring, especially
for chronic conditions that demand ongoing observation. Three crucial traits were taken into
consideration:

1. Security
2. Scalability
3. Processing time

By employing the re-encryption proxy in conjunction with Blockchain to encrypt data and restrict
access to it, the security concerns are addressed. Data are kept in an off-chain database using the
Interplanetary File System (IPFS) to ensure Blockchain scalability. The proof of authority (PoA)-
based Ethereum Blockchain is used to accelerate data storage.
The contributions in this paper include:

1) Collect health data by using various IoT medical devices.

2) Make sure data exchange is effective while maintaining patient privacy by implementing smart
contracts and proxy re-encryption for access control.

3) Offer reliable storage: IPFS is used to safeguard data integrity and guarantee nonrepudiation.

4) Ensure data traceability: Blockchain offers a complete history of all actions taken and events that
occurred regarding the data.

5) Create a mobile DApp that allows patients and doctors to track their health situation.

Weaknesses/Limitations
This system's recommended format is for the web. There is no fog layer between medical equipment
and the hospital to filter data before it is sent to the hospital, despite the fact that this technique takes
into account all significant security criteria, including confidentiality, integrity, privacy, and access
control. Additionally, this device does not offer the patient real-time analysis.

Conclusion

For remote patient monitoring, a secure healthcare system has been proposed. The Internet of Things,
Blockchain, smart contracts, and IPFS are just a few of the cutting-edge technologies that make up
this entirely decentralized system. The suggested solution uses proxy re-encryption and Blockchain
to assure security and anonymity. They suggested using the Blockchain to just retain a little amount
of compressed data about the data and its hash in order to address the scalability issue. Before being
kept in an off-chain database that uses a private IPFS, health data are encrypted. They empirically
verified a safe strategy that offers remote monitoring for diabetic patients using a scenario-based
diabetes management system. Comparing the suggested system to cutting-edge techniques, it delivers
a high level of security.
 Paper 2

Paper Title

A blockchain and IoT-based lightweight framework for enabling information transparency in supply
chain finance

Authors

Lingling Guo, Jingjing Chen, Shihan Li, Yafei Li, Jinzhi Lu

Purpose

Purpose of this framework is to adopt a self-testing and closed-loop credit model to control funds and
risks. It also allow businesses to form partnerships efficiently and expedite cash flows throughout the
supply chain.

Problem identified

Information transparency is a major concern in supply chain finance. Lack of decentralization,

tamper-proofing, traceability causes security concerns in the field of finance. So this paper proposed
a decentralized framework named BC4Regu that ensure Information transparency.

Significance/Contribution
It has been suggested to use BlockChain technology and an IoT-based information management
architecture as a regulatory measure to increase information transparency in the SCF business
process. Through the coordination and integration of capital flow, information flow, logistics, and
trade flow in the supply chain, BC4Regu may drastically lower the operation costs of the whole
supply chain.

The contributions in this paper include:

The proposed framework, which is based on distributed ledger and IoT, has transaction tracking
services and the digitalization of the underlying financial assets (such as debts, bonds, bills,
documents, etc.). This solves the issue of proper registration of financial assets in the supply chain
ecology.

In order to address the issue of Information silos, we provide an effective integration and sharing
service for commercial information, logistic information, capital flow, and information flow (4 in 1).
In order to guarantee that the transaction process is reliable, transparent, and traceable, they created a
comprehensive process tracking mechanism with this service.
To achieve the effective transmission of credit among suppliers and distributors and the credit
disassembly of core businesses, they refined the business model of SCF based on smart contracts. On
the Blockchain platform, the main business can record its credit and debt obligations to its
distributors and suppliers, creating digital assets that can be divided and exchanged across the supply
chain.

Weaknesses/Limitations

The legal concerns that prevent the widespread implementation of Blockchain technology in the SCF
(such as the legality of the proof of ownership of asset tokens and smart contracts themselves) have
not been explored in this paper.

Conclusion

BC4Regu has been proposed as a technical foundation for the SCF's information management, which
allows BCT to be made easier while also changing the SCF's business operations. The underlying
technologies behind a few of these aspects are explained in detail. Additionally, application cases and
theoretical analyses are used to support and illustrate BC4Regu's efficacy and viability.”
References:

Azbeg, K., Ouchetto, O., & Andaloussi, S. J. (2022). Access Control and Privacy-Preserving
Blockchain-Based System for Diseases Management. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social
Systems.

Guo, L., Chen, J., Li, S., Li, Y., & Lu, J. (2022). A blockchain and IoT based lightweight framework
for enabling information transparency in supply chain finance. Digital Communications and
Networks.