CVS pathology

Short notes
By : ASMA ALJAZWI

1. Numerate the changes happen as response to vascular

injury :
1. ………………………………….
2. ………………………………….
3. ………………………………….
2. A. Write the definition of atherosclerotic plaques :
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
B. numerate 4 major risk factors of atherosclerosis :
1……………………….. 2. …………………………….
3……………………...... 4. …………………………….
3. A. What are the most common sites of atherosclerosis ?
1……………………………
2……………………………
3…………………………….
4…………………………….
5……………………………
B. Numerate the pathogenic events of atherosclerosis :
1. ………………………….
2. ………………………….
3. ………………………….
4. ………………………….
5. ………………………….
 6. ………………………….
7. ………………………….
C. Mention 3 possible changes that may occur in
atherosclerotic plaques :
1. ……………………………. 3. …………………………
2. …………………………….
D. What’s the clinical effect of vulnerable atherosclerotic
plaques :
a. ……………………………..
b. …………………………….
c. ……………………………
d. …………………………….
E. Mention 3 clinical consequence of atherosclerosis
a. …………………………….
b. …………………………….
c. …………………………….

4. What are the 2 morphological steps of Atherosclerosis ?

and what are the 3 main components of Atherosclerotic
plaque ?

5. A. What’s the definition of aneurysm :

……………………………………………………………….
B. pathogenesis of aneurysm
1. …………………………………………….
2. …………………………………………….
3. …………………………………………….
F. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ( AAA)
Site : ………………………………………………………..
 Incidence : …………………………………………………
Predisposing factors : ………………………………………..
Clinical consequence :
1. …………………………..
2. …………………………..
3. …………………………..
4. …………………………..
5. ………………………….
G. Numerate the possible symptoms & sign of Thoracic
aortic aneurysm :
1. …………………………………….
2. …………………………………….
3. …………………………………….
4. …………………………………….
5. …………………………………….

6. A. Write the definition of systemic hypertension :

…………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….
B. mention 3 examples of diseases that caused by HTN
1. ……………… 2. ………………… 3. ………………
C. numerate the most important causes of 2ry HTN :
1. ……………………
2. …………………....
3. …………………....
4. …………………...
5. …………………....
D. mention the complication & the effect of HTN on CVS &
CNS
1. CVS : ………………………………………………………..
 2. CNS : ……………………………………………………….

E. What are the 2 types of morphological changes that we

will see in the blood vessels of A hypertensive patient ?

F. Write the definition of vasculitis ? What are it's 2 types ?

give an example of each type .

g. What are the 4 mechanisms of Autoimmune Vasculitis ?

7. Numerate the forms of Kaposi sarcoma :

1. ……………………..
2. ……………………..
3. ……………………..
4. ……………………..
8. A. What’s the definition of Heart failure ?
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
B. etiology :
1. ……………… 2. ……………….. 3. …………………..

9. Give 5 exmaples of the clinical features associated with:-

- Right Side heart failure
- Left side heart failure
13. Numerate the clinical features of congenital heart disease
1. …………………………
2. …………………………
3. …………………………
4. …………………………
5. …………………………
14. mention 3 examples of right to left shunts, and 3 examples
of left to right shunt :
1. …………………………..
2. …………………………..
3. …………………………..
4……………………………
5……………………………
6……………………………
15. numerate the features of Tetralogy of Fallot :
1. ………………………..
2. ………………………..
3. ………………………..
4. ………………………..
16. numerate the types of angina pectoris :
1. ……………………….
2. ……………………….
3. ………………………
 17. compare between transmural infarction & sub-endocardial
infarction :

Feature Transmural infarcts Sub-endothelial infarcts

Definition
Frequency
Distribution
pathogenesis
Thrombosis

18. Acute coronary syndrome

1. ………………………….
2. ………………………….
3. ………………………….
19 .Mention the most important complication of myocardial
infarction :
1. ……………………………..
2. ……………………………..
3. ……………………………..
4. ……………………………..
5. ……………………………..
20 . Mention 5 causes of Sudden cardiac death :
1. ………………………….
2. ………………………….
3. ………………………….
4. ………………………….
5. ………………………….
21. what’s the definition of Rheumatic fever ?
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………….
22. Numerate the major criteria of Rheumatic fever :
1. ………………………
2. ………………………
3. …………………….....
4. ……………………….
5. ……………………….
23. etiopathogenesis of RF
A. infective components
1. ……………………..
2. …………………….
3. …………………….
B. immunological evidence :
1. …………………………………
2. …………………………………
3. …………………………………
24.stages of evolutions of Aschoff nodules :
1. ……………………………………..
2. ……………………………………..
3. ……………………………………..
25. mention the possible outcome ( prognosis ) of RF
1. …………………. 2. ………………….. 3. …………………
4. …………………...
26. Numerate the causes of endocarditis :
1. ……………………
2. ……………………
3. ……………………
4. ……………………
27. Numerate the predisposing factors of bacterial endocarditis
& give 2 example for each one
1. …………………..…. e.g.: a…………… b. ……………
2. ……………………...e.g. : a…………… b. …………….
3. ……………………...e.g. : a…………..... b. ……………
 28. compare between ABE & SABE :

feature Acute subacute

duration

bacteria

virulence
previous
condition
of the valve
lesion

29. Mention 4 possible complication of infective endocarditis :

1. ………………………….
2. ………………………….
3. …………………………
4. …………………………
30. numerate the causes of Mitral stenosis :
1. ………………………….
2. ………………………….
3. ………………………….
4. ………………………….
31. what’s the effect of mitral stenosis :
1. ………………………………………
2. ………………………………………
3. ………………………………………