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Lecture 01 Spur Gear - md.

Thermodynamics (Polytechnic University of the Philippines)

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MEEN 30203

Spur
Gears

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GEAR NOMENCLATURE
Addendum - is the height of tooth above pitch circle of the distances between the
pitch circle and the top of the tooth.

Addendum Circle - is the circle that bounds the outer ends of the teeth.

Angle of Action - is the angle through which the gear turns from the time a
particular pair of teeth come into contact until they go out of contact. It is equal to
the angle of approach plus the angle of recess.

Angle of Approach - is the angle through which the gear turns from the time a
particular pair of teeth comes into contact until they are in contact at the pitch
point.

Angle of Recess - is the angle through which the gear tums from the time a given
pair of teeth are in contact at the pitch point until they pass out of mesh.

Arc of Approach - is the arc of the pitch circle where the tooth profile cuts the
pitch circle when a pair of teeth first comes in contact until they are in contact at
the pitch point.

Arc of Action - is the arc of the pitch circle through which a tooth travels from the
first point of contact with the mating tooth travels from the first point of contact
with the mating tooth to the point where contact ceases..

Arc of Recess - is the arc of the pitch circle from contact at the pitch
point until where the tooth profile cuts the pitch circle when the pair of teeth
comes out of contact.

Axial Pitch - is the distance between corresponding points on adjacent teeth

measured in axial direction.
Axis - is the axis of revolution of the gear, center line of the shaft.

Backlash - is the amount by which the width of a footh space exceeds the
thickness of the engaging tooth on the pitch circles.

Base Circle - is the circle from which an involutes tooth is generated or developed.
Base Pitch - is the distance measured along the base circle from a point on one
tooth to the corresponding point on an adjacent tooth.
Chordal Thickness - is the tooth width measured along the chord at 2
the pitch point.

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Circular Pitch - by
is Ashenafi Kena (moos191221@gmail.com)
the distance measured along the pitch circle from a point on one

Clearance - is the distance between the root circle of a gear and the
addendum circle of its mate.
Contact ratio - is the number of angular pitches through which a tooth
surface rotates from the beginning to the end of contact.
Dedendum - is the radial distance from the pitch circle to the root circle
that is to the bottom of the tooth space.
Dedendum Circle - is a circle coinciding with or tangent to the bottoms
of the tooth spaces.
Diametral Pitch - is the ratio of the number of teeth to the pitch diameter.
Face contact ratio - is the contact ratio in an axial plane, or the ratio of
the face width to the axial pitch.
Face Width - is the length of the teeth in the axial plane.
Full-depth teeth - is the teeth in which the working depth equals 2.000
divided by the normal diametral pitch.
Gear - is the larger of two interacting gears or a gear on its own.
Gear Ratio - is the number of teeth in the gear divided by the number of
teeth in the pinion.
Gear composition - is determined by application, including the gear's
service, rotation speed, accuracy and more.
Involutes - are the curve formed by path of a point on a straight line.
Interference - is the contact between teeth other than at the intended
parts of their surfaces.
Line of Action - is the straight line passing through the pitch point and
tangent to the base circles.
Line of contact - is a line or curve along which two tooth surfaces are
tangent to each other.
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Module - is the reciprocal of diametral pitch.
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Outside diameter - is the diameter of the gear, measured from
the tops of the teeth.
Path of action - is the locus of successive contact points
between a pair of gear teeth, during the phase of engagement.
Pinion - is the smaller of two interacting gears.
Pitch Angle - is the angle subtended by an arc on the pitch
circle equal in length to the circular pitch
Pitch Circle - is a circle of the radius of which is equal to the
distance from the gear axis to the pitch point.
Pitch diameter - is a predefined diametral position on the gear
where the circular tooth thickness, pressure angle and helix
angles are defined.
Pitch Line - is the line passing through the pitch point which
is perpendicular to the line of center
Pitch Point - is the point of tangency of two pitch circles and
is on the line of center.
Pitch Surface - is the surface of the rolling cylinder that the
gear may be considered to replace.
Plane of action - is the surface of action for involute, parallel
axis gears with either spur or helical teeth. It is tangent to the
base cylinders.
Point of contact - is any point at which two tooth profiles
touch each other.
Pressure Angle - is the angle between the line of action of the
force on the gear tooth and the line tangent to the pitch circles. 3
RootKena
(moos191221@gmail.com) of the gear, measured at the
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Speed Ratio - is the angular speed of the driver divided by the angular
speed of the driven gear.

Surface of action - is the imaginary surface in which contact occurs

between two engaging tooth surfaces. It is the summation of the paths of
action in all sections of the engaging teeth. 1. Base Circle Diameter 2. Circular Pitch
Stub teeth - is the teeth in which the working depth is less than 2.000
divided by the normal diametral pitch

Transverse contact ratio - is the contact ratio in a transverse plane. It is

the ratio of the angle of action to the angular pitch where:
where:
N = the no. of
Db = the base circle teeth
Total contact ratio - is the sum of the transverse contact ratio and the
face. diameter
D = the pitch
D = the pitch
diameter
Tooth Flank - is the surface of the tooth, which is between the pitch diameter
Pc = circular pitch
circle and the root. Ѳ = the pressure angle
Pd = the diametral
pitch
Tooth Face - is the surface of the tooth between the pitch circle and the
addendum circle.

Tooth Thickness - is the width of tooth measured along the pitch circle

Tooth Space - is the space between the teeth measured along the
pitch circle.

Whole Depth - is the total depth of a tooth space equal to addendum plus
dedendum. It is also equal to working depth plus clearance.

Working Depth - is the depth of engagement of two gears that is the sum
of their addenda.

Working Depth Circle - is the depth of engagement of two gears and is

the sum of their addenda

Zone of action is the rectangular area in the plane of action bounded by 4

the length of action and the effective face width.
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5. Center Distance 6. Outside Diameter

where:
C = center distance where:
Dp = the pinion diameter D = pitch diameter
Dg = the gear diameter Do = outside diameter a = addendum distance
Np = the no. of teeth in pinion Ng = the no. of teeth in gear Pd = diameteral pitch

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7. Root Diameter 8. Whole Depth 9. Working Depth 10. Face width

where: where:
where:
W = whole depth W = whole where:
D = pitch diameter
a = addendum depth a = b = face width
Dr = root distance d =
diameter/dedendum addendum Pc = circular
dedendum
diameter c = clearance pitch
distance
d = dedendum distance Wr = working Pd =
depth diametral
pitch

11. Speed Ratio 12. Backlash

13. Tooth thickness 14. Tangential or transmitted load

where:
Dp = pinion diameter
Dg = gear diameter
np = rotative speed of pinion
ng = rotative speed of gear
Np = no. of teeth in pinion
Ng = no. of teeth in gear
where: where:
S = the space width where:
T = tooth thickness
T = tooth thickness Pc = circular pitch F = the transmitted load
t
B = backlash B = backlash
Pd = diametral pitch P = power transmitted V= pitch line velocity

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3. Diametral Pitch 4. Module

where: where:
N = no. of teeth N = no. of teeth
D = pitch diameter Pc = circular pitch D = pitch diameter Pc = circular pitch
Pd = diametral pitch Pd = diametral pitch
M = module

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19. Wear load 20. Ratio factor

c. Precision cut (Vm>4000 fpm)
Dynamic load (for intermittent operation)
Commercially cut (Vm≤2000 fpm)
d. Commercially hobbed or shaved teeth where:
where: Q = ratio factor
Fw = wear load Ng = no. of teeth in gear Np = no. of teeth in pinion
Carefully cut (2000<Vm<4000 fpm) Dp = pitch line velocity b = face width
where: Q = ratio factor Kg = wear factor 21. Checking for failure based on wear
Fd = dynamic load
Ft = transmitted load
Vm = pitch line velocity

where:
Fw = wear load
Fd = dynamics load

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Seatwork #01
A machine shop fabricated a pair of spur gear 2.5 module and to be mounted on shafts with a centerline distance of 90 mm. The speed ratio required is 3:1.
A Mitsubishi car transmission has two spur gears in
mesh having a velocity ratio of 1.4. The number of teeth
in the driven gear is 36 and the diametral pitch of 3.
1. Determine the number of teeth in the 17. driven gear.
Find the root diameter 20
of .pinion.
Calculate the base diameter of gear considering 20o pressure angle.
a. 38.75 mm c. 42.50 mm
2. Determine the pitch diameter (in.) of pinion. a. 125.35 mm c. 127.38 mm
b. 40.25 mm d. 45.25 mm
3. Find the pitch diameter (in.) of gear. b. 126.86 mm d. 128.39 mm

4. Find the center distance (in.) .

Find the root diameter of gear.
5. What is the estimated value of circular pitch (in.) of pinion?a. 124.75 mmc. 135.25 mm
128.75 mm d. 138.25 mm
6. What is the estimated value of circular b.pitch (in.) of gear?
Calculate the base diameter of pinion considering 20o pressure angle.
a. 40.258 mm
b. 41.509 mmd. 43.168 mm
c. 42.286 mm

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 lOMoARcPSD|11725271

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