Key to Chemistry Pai Oxalic acid Benzoic acid Acetic anhydride Acetyl chloride 461 COOH | COOH oO I CoHs - C - OH ° oO | | HC - C-O-C-CH Write down the names of the following compounds by IUPAC system: cooH @ aL “COOH oO I (ii), H-C-OH ° | Wc -C-Cl COOH (i) COOH oO I (iv) CHs-C-0@Hs CH,COOH w) | (vi) | HCOOCsHy NH> Structure TUPAC Name HOOC — CH; —- COOH COOH COOH oO I H-C-OH c 00C:Hs NH2 — CH: —- COOH HCOOC;H; 1, 3-propane dioci acid. 1, 3-benzene dicarboxylic acid Methanoic acid Ethyl acetate 2-aminoethanoie acid n-propyl formate462 [CH.13] Carboxylic Acids Q.6 How would you convert acetic aci (a) Methane: CH3COOH + NaOH ——»> CH;COONa + H20 into? C20 CHsCOONa + NaQH ——> CHy + NaxCOs (b) Acetyl chloride: 0 Pyridine i CH;COOH + Sock —“““, CHs-C- Cl+ $02 + HCI (c) Acetamide: ° ll CH; ~ C - OH + NHy ——> CH; ~ COO-NHy oO ll ~ Hea CHy-COONH, “5 cH)-C-=NE +10 (d) Acetic anhydride: oO oO oO l ho. 1 2CH; — C - OH ay CH; — C- O—-C~ CH Q.7 (a) What are fatty acids? (>) What is vinegar? Describe how is vinegar prepared from ethanol? (a) Fatty Acids: Long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids are called fatty acids especially the higher members of carboxylic acids which are obtained by the hydrolysis of fats and oils are called fatty acids. e.g., (i) Palamatic acid (C\sHs;COOH) (ii) Stearic acid (Ci7H3sCOOH) (b) Vinegar: A liquid containing 3-6% acetic acid is called vinegar. It is prepared from ethanol which is obtained by the fermentation of sugar, starch ete. Ethanol is oxidized to vinegar by bacteria. It may also be oxidized by using 7 + conic. H2S0s as follow: