IMMUNIZATION

EXPANDED PROGRAM ON It was established in 1976 to ensure that

IMMUNIZATION (EPI) infants/children and mothers have access
to routinely recommended infant/childhood
vaccines. Six vaccine-preventable
diseases were initially included in the EPI:
tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria,
tetanus, pertussis and measles
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01

BCG (BACILLUS
CALMETTE-GUERIN)
PROTECTION FROM: Tuberculosis
WHEN TO GIVE: at birth

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection that most often attacks

the lungs. In infants and young children, it affects other
organs like the brain. A severe case could cause serious
complications or death.
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02

HEPA B (HEPATITIS B)
PROTECTION FROM: Hepatitis B virus
WHEN TO GIVE: at birth

Hepatitis B virus is a dangerous liver infection that,

when caught as an infant, often shows no symptoms
for decades. It can develop into cirrhosis and liver
cancer later in life. Children less than 6 years old who
become infected with the hepatitis B virus are the most
likely to develop chronic infections.
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03

OPV (Oral Poliovirus Vaccine)

PROTECTION FROM: Poliovirus
WHEN TO GIVE:Birth, 6 & 9 months

IPV (Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine)

WHEN TO GIVE: 6,10,14 weeks
Polio is a virus that paralyzes 1 in 200 people who get
infected. Among those cases, 5 to 10 per cent die when
their breathing muscles are paralyzed. There is no cure for
polio once the paralysis sets in.
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04

DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)

PROTECTION FROM: Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus,
Influenza B and Hepatitis B
WHEN TO GIVE: 6, 10, 14 weeks

Diphtheria infects the throat and tonsils, making it hard for children to
breathe and swallow. Severe cases can cause heart, kidney and/or nerve
damage.
Pertussis (whooping cough) causes coughing spells that can last for
weeks. In some cases, it can lead to troubled breathing, pneumonia, and
death.
Tetanus causes very painful muscle contractions. It can cause children’s
neck and jaw muscles to lock (lockjaw), making it hard for them to open
their mouth, swallow, breastfeed or breathe. Tetanus is often fatal.
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses
which circulate in all parts of the world.
80–90% of infants infected with Hepatitis B during the first year of life
most likely to develop chronic infections
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05

HIB VACCINE (Haemophilus

Influenza Type B)
PROTECTION FROM: Haemophilus Influenza type B
WHEN TO GIVE: 6, 10, 14 weeks

Haemophilus Influenzae type B (Hib), is a type of

bacteria that causes an infection in the brain and spinal
cord that can damage a baby’s brain and hearing.
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06

ROTA V (ROTAVIRUS
VACCINE)
PROTECTION FROM: Rotavirus disease
WHEN TO GIVE: 6, 10, 14 weeks

Rotavirus spreads easily among infants and young

children. The virus can cause severe watery diarrhea,
vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. Children who get
rotavirus disease can become dehydrated and may
need to be hospitalized.
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07

PCV
PROTECTION FROM: Pneumonia and Meningitis
WHEN TO GIVE: 6, 10, 14 weeks

Pneumococcal diseases such as pneumonia and

meningitis are a common cause of sickness and death
worldwide, especially among young children under 2
years old
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08

Measles-mumps-
rubella (MMR) vaccine
PROTECTION FROM: Measles, Mumps, Rubella
WHEN TO GIVE: 9 month and 1 yr old
Measles is a highly contagious disease with symptoms that
include fever, runny nose, white spots in the back of the
mouth and a rash. Serious cases can cause blindness,
brain swelling and death.
Mumps can cause headache, malaise, fever, and swollen
salivary glands. Complications can include meningitis,
swollen testicles and deafness.
Rubella infection in children and adults is usually mild, but in
pregnant women it can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, infant
death or birth defects.
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09

TYPHOID
PROTECTION FROM: Typhoid fever
WHEN TO GIVE: 9-12 months

Typhoid fever can be a life-threatening disease.

Symptoms of infection include persistent high fever,
weakness, stomach pain, headache, diarrhea or
constipation, cough, and loss of appet
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08

HEPA A (HEPATITIS A)
PROTECTION FROM: Hepatitis A virus
WHEN TO GIVE: 12 months

Hepatitis A is an infection of the liver caused by the

hepatitis A virus. People with hepatitis A can have no
symptoms or they can feel very sick with fever, nausea,
vomiting, and jaundice
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