University of Hargeisa

All Faculties

Freshman General Chemistry

Lecturers:

Ismail Awabdi

Moh’d Kasala
 Contents
Chapter I: Introduction to chemistry

1. Measurement units
2. Ways of expressing concentration of solutions include
molarity and molality calculations
3. Inorganic nomenclature including polyatomic ions and binary
molecular compounds

Chapter II: Colligative Properties of Solution

1. Vapor pressure lowering

2. Boiling Point Elevation

3. Freezing Point Depression

4. Osmotic Pressure

Chapter III: Electrolyte solutions

1. Acids and bases including theories, strength, pH and

concentration calculations
2. Solubility and solubility product constant
3. Application of solubility –Tooth decay and fluoridation

Chapter IV: Buffer solutions

1. Composition and action of buffer solutions

2. The Henderson-Hassel Balch equation
3. Buffer capacity and Buffer range
4. Preparing a buffer
5. Buffer action in human blood
6. Acidosis and Alkalosis
Chapter V: Thermochemistry and Thermodynamics

6.1 Some Basic Definitions

6.2 The Law of Energy Conservation
6.3 Spontaneous Change: Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy
6.4 The Dynamic Nature of the Equilibrium State

Chapter VI: Development of atomic structure

1. Atomic theory including the historical development of

atomic structure and isotopes
2. Quantum theory including the historical development of
quantum mechanics, atomic orbital’s, quantum numbers,
3. Electron configurations and periodicity

Chapter VII: Molecular structure

1. Introduction to bonding
2. Purpose of bond formation
3. Types of bonds
° The ionic bond,
° The covalent bonds
4. Lewis theory
5. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory
6. Valence bond theory
7. Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method , Rules for LCAOs, MO
treatment for homonuclear & heteronuclear diatomic
molecules)
8. The metallic bond