NANOMATERIALS:

The materials having Nano-scale dimension particles or produced by Nano-technology

(designing systems by arranging atoms at Nano-scale) ranges from 1-100nm and can be in the
form of plastic and tubes.

A Nanometer is one billionth of a meter

Due to size reduction, their properties are different because of larger surface area they have more
attraction forces than micro or macroscopic materials.

PROPERTIES
Because of large exposed area, their properties can be enhanced by doping other material
Example: polymer with carbon nanotubes makes it more superior to others and also provide it
more strength.

TYPES:
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO DIMENSION:
One-Dimensional:
These materials that are having zero dimension are referred as nanoparticles like fullerenes,
Nano-wires, quantum-dots.

APPLICATION:
 Fullerenes:
Use in medicines because of better biocompatibility and small size (easily diffused)
 Quantum-dots:
Use as bio sensors and bio compatible (toxicity is much lower)

2-Dimensional
Two-dimensional Nano-materials includes nanotubes and Carbon Nano-fibers

APPLICATIONS
Use as additives to improve properties, to prevent corrosion

3-Dimensional
They are sheet shaped materials like graphene, Nano-films, Nano-coatings

APPLICATIONS
  Graphene
It has highest potential to be used in medicine as a drug transport, in batteries to increase life
span, in touch screens, graphene oxide is use in water purification.

NO-Dimensional
Materials having no dimension are called as nanoparticle dispersions, nanostructured materials,
multi-nano layers.

APPLICATION:
1. Tungsten oxide is involve in photo-electrochemical generation of hydrogen, serves as
electrode
2. Nano-materials are also use in antimicrobial resistance, scratch resistance
3. Nano-scale titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide are use in coating industry
4. Has been use in ink and toners, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and rubber products

BET ANALYSIS:
It includes adhesion of gas molecules on surface using nitrogen (because of high purity, strong
interaction) adsorption occurs. At saturation pressure, after adsorption layers are formed the
sample is removed from nitrogen atmosphere and then heated to remove nitrogen. Finally he
curve will be displayed.

BET ISOTHERM
 BET ADSORPTION APPPARTUS

DISADVANTAGE
Require a lot of time to operate
Only measure surface area of dry powder

SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION
NPs have great interest in diagnosis and treatment of diseases like cancer but its cytotoxic effects
limit its uses. Its physic-chemical properties includes surface compositions, superficial charge,
size and shape which effect its uptake efficiencies.
 Dextran (polysaccharide usually exploit to modify iron oxide NPs) is use to enhance
Nano-particles.