Lesson 2 Family

FAMILY STRUCTURES
Family a. Nuclear Family
- the basic social group that is united - a family consisting of a
by blood (consanguinity) or marriage husband and wife plus their
(affinity). children
- the most universal social institution. b. Extended Family
- a basic social institution which public - a family consisting of several
policy cherishes and protects. generations of blood
relatives.
Functions of Family c. Joint Family
- married children with their
1. REPRODUCTION spouses and children living in
- a prerequisite for the survival one residence.
of the society to replace one d. Household
generation to the next. - consist of one individual or a
- sexual activities are allowed hundred individuals.
but are regulated. - individuals may or may not
2. SECURITY be related to one another.
- The family serves as a e. Truncated Family
protector for all its members. - not a common form of family.
3. SOCIALIZATION - grandparent-grandchild
- responsible for the early relationship.
development of an f. Stem Family
individual’s personality. - family formed by two
- instilled in the child attitudes, families.
norms, and values. - families do not share a
4. ASSIGNMENT OF STATUS common residence, but their
- the initial ascribed status is houses may be located in the
fixed which includes their same area.
ethnic and racial status,
religious status and also their Modes of Family
class status. a. Corporate Model
5. EMOTIONAL SUPPORT Father
- “Home sweet home, for there - chief executive officer
the heart can rest.” Mother
6. OTHER FUNCTIONS - operating officer
- provides the mechanism in Children
terms of transmission of - staff
inheritance or private b. The Team Model
property and serves as the Father
economic base for producing - head
goods and services Mother
( Saquilaya,et.al,2011).]
 - chief of the training AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
table and cheerleader - Family
Children - School
- play the rules and - Peers
stay with conformity - Mass Media
calisthenics. - Religion

c. The Military Model RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS BETWEEN

Father HUSBAND AND WIFE
- general - To live together
Mother - Observe mutual love, respect and
- guard on duty fidelity
Children - Render mutual help and support
- grunts (Art. 68,FC)

d. The Boarding School Model Family Relations

Father - Between husband and wife
- rector or headmaster - Between parents and children
Mother - Among other ascendants and
- Dorm counselor descendants
Kids
- dutiful students Rights and Duties of Parents Primary
e. The Theatrical Model Rights of Parents
- The parents shall have the right to
Father the company of their children and, in
- producer relation to all other persons or
Mother institutions dealing with the child’s
- stage manager development, the primary right and
Kids obligation to provide for their
- stagehands upbringing (Art. 43, PD 603).
Kinship System
- relations based on biological Rights to Discipline Child
descent and marriage. - necessary for the formation of his
- founded on social differences and good character.
cultural creations. - require from him obedience to just
and reasonable rules, suggestions,
TYPES OF KINSHIP and admonitions (Art.45, PD 603)
Consanguinity
- links between blood relatives. Duties of Parents
Affinity
- links between relatives by 1. Give the child affection,
marriage. companionship and understanding
 2. Extend to him the benefits of moral
guidance, self-discipline, and
religious instruction
3. Supervise his activities, including his
recreation
4. Inculcate in him the value of
industry, thrift, and self-reliance
5. Stimulate his interest in cic affairs,
teach him the duties of citizenship,
and develop his commitment to his
country
6. Advise him properly on any matter
affecting his development and well-
being
7. Always set a good example
8. Provide him with adequate support
9. Administer his property, if any,
according to his best interest,
subject to the provisions of Article
320 of the Civil Code:
The father, or in the absence of the
mother, is the legal administrator of the
property pertaining to the child parental
authority. If the property is worth more than
two thousand pesos, the father or mother
shall give a bond subject to the approval of
the court of first instance (Art. 320 of the
Civil Code)
Liabilities of Parents
- Parents and guardians are liable for
the damage caused by the children
under their parental authority (Art.
58, PD 603).
Criminal liability shall be attached to any
parent who:
1. Conceals or abandons the child with
intent to make such child lose his
civil status
2. Abandons the child under such
circumstances as to deprive him of
the love, care and protection he
needs
3. Sells or abandons the child to
another person for valuable
consideration
4. Neglects the child by not giving him
the education which the family’s
station in life and financial conditions
permit
5. Fails or refuses, without justifiable
grounds, to enroll the child
6. Causes, abates, or permits the
truancy of the child from the school
where he is enrolled. Truancy, as
here used means absence without
cause, for more than twenty school
days, not necessarily consecutive. It
shall be the duty of the teacher in
charge to report to the parents the
absences of the child the moment
these exceed five school days
7. Improperly exploits the child by
using him, directly or indirectly, such
as for purposes of begging and other
acts which are inimical to his interest
and welfare
8. Inflicts cruel and unusual
punishment upon the child or
deliberately subjects him to
indignations and other excessive
chastisement that humiliates him
9. Causes or encourages the child to
lead an immoral or dissolute life
10. Permits the child to possess, handle
or carry a deadly weapon,
regardless of its ownership.
Allows or requires the child to drive
without a license or with a license which the
parent knows to have been illegally
procured. If the motor vehicle driven by the
child belongs to the parent, it shall be
presumed that he permitted or ordered the
child to drive.

Parental Authority
- It includes the caring for, and rearing
them for civic consciousness and
efficiency and the development of
their moral, mental and physical
character and well-being.
- It is the ensemble of rights and
powers that the law accords to the
father and mother with respect to the
person and the goods of their
unemancipated minor children, to
the end of their accomplishing the
duties of protection, education and
support that are incumbent on them.
What is the Doctrine of Patria Potestas?
- Latin word meaning Power of a
Father.
- power that the male head of a family
exercised over his children
Substitute and Special Parental
Authority over the Child
1. The surviving grandparent
2. The oldest brother or sister, over twenty-
one years of age, unless unfit or disqualified
3. The child’s actual custodian, over twenty-
one years of age, unless unfit disqualified
Effect of Parental Authority upon the
Children
1. To keep them in their company, to
support, educate and instruct them by right
precept and good example, and to provide
for their upbringing in keeping with their
means.
2. To give them love and affection, advice
and counsel, companionship and
understanding.
3. To provide them with moral and spiritual
guidance, include in them honesty, integrity,
self-discipline, self-reliance, industry and
thrift, stimulate their interest in civic affairs,
and inspire in them compliance with the
duties of citizenship.
4. To furnish them with good and
wholesome educational materials, supervise
their activities, recreation and association
with others, protect them from bad
company, and prevent them from acquiring
habits detrimental to their health, studies
and morals.
5. To represent them in all matters affecting
their interests.
6. To demand from them respect and
obedience.
7. To impose discipline on them as may be
required under the circumstances.
8. To perform such other duties as are
imposed by law upon parents and
guardians.
Suspension or Termination of Parental
Authority
1. Upon the death of the parents
2. Upon the death of the child 3. Upon
emancipation of the child Unless
subsequently revived by a final judgment,
parental authority also terminates:
1. Upon adoption of the child
2. Upon appointment of a general
guardian
3. Upon judicial declaration of
abandonment of the child in a case
filed for the purpose
4. Upon the final judgment of a
competent court divesting the party
concerned of parental authority
5. Upon judicial declaration of
absence or incapacity of the person
exercising parental authority.
What is emancipation?
- It is the release of a person from
parental authority whereby he
becomes capacitated for civil life.
 Emancipation takes place through
the following:
1. By the attainment of majority
2. By the marriage of the minor
3. By the recording in the civil
register of an agreement in a public
instrument executed by the parent
exercising parental authority and the
minor at least eighteen years of age
4. By the recording in the civil
register of an agreement in a public
instrument executed by the parent
exercising parental authority and the
minor at least eighteen years of age,
but the agreement must be
approved by the court before it is
recorded.
Effect of Emancipation
-Termination of parental
authority.
Suspension of Parental Authority
- Parental authority is
suspended upon conviction
of the parent or the person
exercising the same of a
crime which carries with it the
penalty of Civil Interdiction.
The authority is automatically reinstated
upon service of penalty or upon pardon or
amnesty of the offender.
- The court in an action filed
for the purpose in a related
case may also suspend
parental authority if the
parent or person exercising
the same:
1. Treats the child with
excessive harshness or
cruelty.
2. Gives the child corrupting
orders, counsel or example.
3. Compels the child to beg.
4. Subjects the child or
allows him to be subjected to
acts of lasciviousness.
Lesson 3 Child and Youth Services
Who is a child?
- a person who is younger than age
18 or who is not an emancipated
minor.
KINDS OF CHILDREN UNDER FAMILY
CODE
A. LEGITIMATE CHILDREN
- conceived or born during the
marriage of the parents.
- conceived as a result of
artificial insemination of the
wife with the sperm of the
husband.
B. ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN
- conceived and born outside a
valid marriage.
C. LEGITIMATED CHILDREN
- Only children conceived and
born outside of the wedlock
of parents.
D. ADOPTED CHILDREN
- defined as the juridical act
which creates between two
persons a relationship similar
to that which results from
legitimate paternity and
filiation (Arts. 183-193, FC)
Who may adopt?
1. A person of age and in possession of full
civil capacity and legal rights may adopt,
provided he is in a position to support and
care for his children, legitimate or
illegitimate, in keeping with the means of the
family.
2. The guardian with respect to the ward
prior to the approval of the final accounts
rendered upon the termination of their
guardianship relation.
3. Any person who has not been convicted
of a crime of his or her Filipino spouse.4. An
alien, provided, he/she is:
a. A former Filipino citizen who
seeks to adopt a relative by
consanguinity.
b. One who seeks to adopt the
legitimate child of his or her Filipino
spouse. ‘
c. One who is married to a Filipino
citizen and seeks to adopt jointly
with his or her spouse a relative by
consanguinity of the father.
The following may not be adopted:
a. A person of legal age, unless he
or she is a child by nature of the
adopter or his or her spouse, or prior
to the adoption, said person has
been
b. An alien with whose government
the Republic of the Philippines has
no diplomatic relations.
c. A person who has already been
adopted unless such adoption has
been previously revoked or
rescinded.
Written consent by parties to the adoption
shall be necessary under the following
circumstances:
1. The person to be adopted, if ten
years or over.
2. The parents by nature of the child,
the legal guardian or the proper
government instrumentality.
3. The legitimate and adopted
children, ten years of age or over, of
the adopting parent or parents.
4. The illegitimate children, ten years
of age or over, of the adopting
parent, if living with said parent or
parents.
5. The spouse, if any, of the person
adopting or to be adopted
What is support?
- comprises everything indispensable.
The following are obliged to support
each other to the whole extent:
1. The spouses.
2. Legitimate ascendants and descendants.
3. Parents and their legitimate children and
the legitimate and illegitimate children of the
latter.
4. Parents and their illegitimate children and
the legitimate and illegitimate children of the
latter.
5. Legitimate brothers and sisters, whether
full of half-blood.
CARE AND EDUCATION OF CHILDREN
Every child:
1. Is entitled to parental care.
2. Shall receive at least elementary
education.
3. Shall be given moral and civic training by
the parents or guardian.
4. Has the right to live in an atmosphere
conducive to his physical, moral and
intellectual development.
The Council for the Protection of
Children shall look after the welfare of
children in the municipality. It shall among
other functions:
1. Foster education of every child in
the municipality.
 2. Encourage the cultivation of the
duties of parents.
3. Protect and assist abandoned or
mistreated children, and orphans.
4. Take steps to prevent juvenile
delinquency.
5. Adopt measures for the health of
children.
6. Promote the opening and
maintenance of playgrounds.
7. Coordinate the activities of
organizations devoted to the welfare
of children, and secure their
cooperation.
CHILDREN AND YOUTH WELFARE
SERVICES
Child-Caring Institution
- provides 24-hour resident group
care service for the physical, mental,
social, and spiritual well-being of
nine or more mentally gifted,
dependent, abandoned, neglected,
handicapped por disturbed children,
or youthful offenders.
Detention Home
- providing short term resident care
for youthful offenders who are
awaiting court disposition.
Shelter-Care Institution
- provides temporary protection and
care to children requiring emergency
reception as a result of fortuitous
events.
Receiving Home
- a family-type, which provides
temporary shelter from ten to twenty
days for children.
Nursery
- a child-caring institution that
provides care for six or more
children below six years of age
Maternity Home
- an institution of residence whose
primary function is to give shelter
and care to pregnant women and
their infants.
Rehabilitation Center
- receives and rehabilitates youthful
offenders or other disturbed children.
Reception and Study Center
- receives for the study, diagnosis,
and temporary treatment.
- children who have behavioral
problems.
Child-Placing Agency
- institution or home or under the care
and custody of any person or
persons for purposes of adoption,
guardianship or foster care.
SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF CHILDREN
1. Dependent Child
- without a parent, guardian, or
custodian; or whose parents,
guardian or other custodian
for good cause desires to be
relieved of his/her care and
custody.
2. Abandoned Child
- no proper parental care or
guardianship, or whose
parents or guardians have
deserted him for a period of
at least six months.
3. Neglected Child
- if his/her basic needs have
been deliberately unattended
or inadequately attended.
a. Physical Neglect
- when the child is
malnourished, ill clad
 and without proper
shelter.
b. Emotional Neglect
- when children are
maltreated, raped or
seduced; when
children are exploited,
overworked.
MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN
- socially incompetent.
CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL
RETARDATION
a. Custodial Group
- severely or profoundly
retarded.
- least capable group. This
includes those with I.Q.’s
ranging from 0-25.
b. Trainable Group
- this group have an I. Q’s
from about 25 to about 50.
c. Educable Group
- This group’ I.Q. ranges from
about 50 to about 75.
d. Borderline or Low Normal Group
- This is the highest group of
mentally retarded, with I. Q’s
from about 75 to about 89.
PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED
- children are those who are
crippled, deafmute, blind, or
otherwise defective
EMOTIONALLY DISTURBED
CHILDREN
- are those who, although not
afflicted with insanity or
mental defect.
MENTALLY ILL CHILDREN
-
those with any behavioral
disorder, whether functional
or organic.
COMMITMENT
- entrusting a child to the care
of the DSWD or any duly
licensed child placement
agency or individual.
Involuntary Commitment
- reason of
abandonment,
substantial and
continuous or
repeated neglect
and/or parental
incompetence to
discharge parental
responsibilities
Voluntary Commitment
- voluntary or freely
done (without force)
relinquishment of
parental or
guardianship rights.
Lesson 4 Child Abuse or Maltreatment of
Children
Children Abuse
- the maltreatment, whether habitual
or not.
- Any act by deeds or words which
debases, degrades, or demeans the
intrinsic worth and dignity of a child
as a human being.]
- Unreasonable deprivation of his
basic needs.
- serious impairment of his growth and
development.
- any act or failure to act that violates
the rights of the child.
Kinds of Child Abuse

1. Physical Abuse
- 19% substantiated cases.
- defined as any act which
results in a non-accidental
trauma or physical injury.
2. Sexual Abuse
- 10% of all substantiated
cases.
- involvement of dependent,
developmentally immature
children in sexual activities.
- misuse of a child for sexual
pleasure or gratification.
Categories of Sexual Abuse
a. Non-Touching sexual abuse
offenses
- Indecent
exposure/exhibitionism
- Exposing children to
pornographic material
- Deliberately exposing a child
to the act of sexual
intercourse
- Masturbation in front of a
child
b. Sexual Exploitation Offenses
- Engaging a child for the
purposes of prostitution -
- Using a child to film,
photograph, or model
pornography
c. Touching Sexual Offenses
- Fondling
- Making a child touch an
adult’s sexual organs
- Any penetration of a child’s
vagina or anus by an object
that doesn’t have a medical
purpose
3. Emotional Abuse
- a form of abuse characterized by a
person subjecting or exposing
another to behavior that is
psychologically harmful.
Types of Emotional Abuse
a. Rejecting
- Parents who lack the ability
to bond will often display
rejecting behavior toward a
child.
b. Ignoring
- Adults who have had few of
their emotional needs met
are often unable to respond
to the needs of their children.
c. Isolating
- A parent who abuses a child
through isolation.
d. Terrorizing
- Parents may single out one
child to criticize and punish.
e. Corrupting
- Parents permit children to
use drugs or alcohol; to
watch cruel behavior toward
animals; to watch
pornographic materials and
adult sex acts; or to witness
or participate in criminal
activities such as stealing,
assault, prostitution,
gambling, etc.
4. Child Neglect
- a “type of maltreatment that refers to
the failure to provide needed age-
appropriate care,”.
Types of Child Neglect
a. Physical Neglect
 - Refusal of, or extreme delay
in, seeking necessary health
care.
b. Educational Neglect
- a child who is of mandatory
school age is allowed to
engage in chronic truancy.
c. Emotional Neglect
- includes such actions as
chronic or extreme spousal
abuse in the child’s
presence.
d. Medical Neglect
- failure to provide appropriate
health care for a child
although financially.
Shaken baby Syndrome
- cause bleeding inside the head and
increased pressure on the brain,
causing the brain to pull apart and
resulting in injury to the baby.
- known as SBS, and one of the
leading forms of fatal child abuse.
These injuries include:
- Brain swelling and damage
- Cerebral palsy
- Mental retardation
- Development delays
- Blindness Hearing loss
- Paralysis and death
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
(FASDs)
- group of conditions that can occur in
a person whose mother drank
alcohol during pregnancy.
- Known as FAS
FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
- cause of mental retardation
Defects
- Prenatal and postnatal
growth deficiency
- Facial malformations
- Central nervous system
dysfunction
- Varying degrees of major
organ malfunction
Symptoms of FAS
1. Infancy
2. Facial Malformations
3. Neurological dysfunctions
4. Organ/body organization
5. Mental retardation
6. Behavioral problems
7. Growth deficiencies
8. Vision problems
9. Dental abnormalities
10. Hearing problems
11. Epilepsy
Laws for Philippine Children’s Protection
1. The 1987 Philippine Constitution
a. Article XII, section 11. It
requires the state to adopt an
integrated and
comprehensive approach to
health development available
to all people at affordable
cost, giving special priority to
children.
b. Article XIV, section 2 (2). It
provides for free and
compulsory elementary and
high school education.
c. Article XIV, section 3 (3). It
provides for the teaching of
religion to children in
schools, so long as the
parent or guardian of the
child has given his or her
written consent: and
 d. Article XV, section 3 (2). It - Under-age prostitution refers to
requires the state to defend children engaging in prostitution.
the right of children to
assistance, including proper Who are prostitutes?
care and nutrition, and - Any women who, for money or profit,
provides for special habitually indulge in sexual
protection from all forms of intercourse or lascivious conduct.
neglect, abuse, cruelty,
exploitation and other Prostitution under the Revised Penal
conditions prejudicial to their Code (Act 3815)
development.
2. The Philippine Legislations 1. Any person having no apparent
a. Civil Code means of subsistence, who has the
b. Family Code physical ability to work and who
c. Labor Code neglects
d. Child and Youth Welfare Code (PD
603) as amended by Child
Protection Act (RA 7610 and
Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act
(RA 9344)
e. Act Providing for the Elimination of
the Worst Forms of Child Labor and
Affording Stronger Protection for the
Working Child, amending for this
purpose RA 7610
f. Anti Violence against Women and
Children (RA 9262)
g. Act Strengthening the Juvenile
Justice System in the Philippines
(RA 10630) amending RA 9344
h. Magna Carta of Women (RA 9710)
i. Act on the Prohibition of Death
Penalty (RA 9346)
j. Act to Strengthen and Propagate
Foster Care and to Provide Funds
Therefore (RA 10165) k
k. Anti-mail-order-bride Law (RA 6955)
l. Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of
2003 (RA 9208) as amended by
Expanded Anti-Trafficking in
Persons Act of 2012 (RA 10364)

What is Child Prostitution?