Homework 5 Animal Testing

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Using animals for testing drugs-extreme cruelty or the need of the hour

Animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the
safety of other products. Many of these experiments cause pain to the animals
involved or reduce their quality of life in other ways. Experimenting on animals is
acceptable if and only if suffering is minimized in all aspects and if human benefits
which are gained could not be obtained by using other methods.

One reason why we use animals for testing drugs is because the chimpanzees share
99% of their DNA with humans, and mice are 98% genetically similar to humans. All
mammals, including humans, are descended from common ancestors, and all have
the same set of organs (heart, kidneys, lungs, etc.) that function in essentially the
same way with the help of a bloodstream and central nervous system. Because
animals and humans are so biologically similar, they are susceptible to many of the
same conditions and illnesses, including heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.

When testing medicines for potential toxicity, the lives of human volunteers should
not be put in danger unnecessarily. It would be unethical to perform invasive
experimental procedures on human beings before the methods have been tested on
animals, and some experiments involve genetic manipulation that would be
unacceptable to impose on human subjects before animal testing. Animals must be
used in cases when ethical considerations prevent the use of human subjects.

Animal testing can be cruel and inhumane in some researches. According to Humane
Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to
force feeding, food and water deprivation, the infliction of burns and other wounds
to study the healing process. Alternative testing methods now exist that can
replace the need for animals. Other research methods such as in vitro testing
(tests done on human cells or tissue in a petri dish) offer opportunities to reduce
or replace animal testing.
It is often argued that because animal experiments have been used for centuries,
and medical progress has been made in that time, animal experiments must be
necessary. Old habits die hard, and globally there is still a lack of knowledge of and
expertise in cutting-edge non-animal techniques.

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