MATRIC NUMBER: 17/48LM064

COURSE CODE: NSC 308

ASSIGNMENT: WRITE ON THE FOLLOWING:

1. RATE
2. RATIO
3. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RATE AND RATIO
4. CRUDE BIRTH RATE
5. CRUDE DEATH RATE
6. TOTAL FERTILITY RATE
7. INFANT MORTALITY RATE
8. EXPECTATION OF LIFE

1. Rate is defined as the amount, quantity, or frequency by which a certain event or occurrence
happens usually expressed as the number of times that it happens for every thousand of the
total population that is being considered or studied.

2. Ratio is defined as the relationship between the number, size, amount, or degree of two or
more similar things or quantities which is indicated by the quotient of one thing or quantity
divided by the other. It quantifies the magnitude of one occurrence or condition to another. It
expresses the relationship between two numbers in the form of x: y or x/y

3. Differences between rate and ratio

 Rate refers to the frequency by which a certain event happens while a ratio refers to the
relationship between the size, number, or degree of two or more things.

 Rate refers to a comparison between two measurements of different units while ratio is a
comparison of numbers with the same units.

 Rate refers to the fixed quantity of two things while a ratio refers to the relationship between
various things.

 Rate indicates the changes in their measurements or units while a ratio indicates the difference
between things.

 Rate is indicated by the comparison between two things while a ratio is indicated by the
quotient of one quantity divided by the other.

4. Crude Birth Rate (CBR) is the number of live births in a given year per 1,000 persons in a
population over a given period of time (i.e. 1 year).

CBR = Total birth in a year/Estimated mid-year population x1000.1

 5. Crude Death rate (CDR) measures the proportion of the population dying every year, or the
number of deaths in the community, per 1000 population. It reflects the risk of death in that
community or country.
CDR = Total no. of deaths reported during a given time interval X 1000 / Estimated mid interval
population

6. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is a synthetic fertility rate, indicating the total number of children a
woman is expected to bear during her reproductive lifetime. It is calculated by adding together
the age specific fertility rates for women of each age from 15-44. Total Fertility rate equals the
sum for all age groups of 5 times each ASFR rate.

TFR = ∑i ASFR * 5.
Where i = 5 year age cohort, for ages 15-44.

Age-specific fertility rate (ASFR) is the number of births in a year to women in a 5-year age group,
divided by the number of all women in that age group, times 1000. The usual age groups are 10-14, 15-
19, 20-24, etc.

7. Infant mortality rate(IMR) reflects the health of the community in which the child is being
brought up. Thus, it is high among people who have little health care, chiefly because infections,
such as pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria, malnutrition are common among their infants.

IMR = No. of deaths under 1 year of age during a given time X 1000 / No. of live births
reported during the same time interval

8. Expectation of life, also referred to as “life expectancy” refers to the number of years a person
can expect to live. By definition, life expectancy is based on an estimate of the average age that
members of a particular population group will be when they die.