ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

SOLVED EXAMPLE
Ex.1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in a river water Ex.6 Which one of the following pairs is mismatched
(A) Remains unchanged when algal bloom occurs (A) Fossil fuel - release of CO2
(B) Has no relationship with concentration of burning
oxygen in the water (B) Nuclear - radioactive wastes
(C) Gives a measure of salmonella in the river water power
(D) Increases when sewage gets mixed with river (C) Solar energy - greenhouse effect
water (D) Biomass - release of CO2
Sol. (D) : The degree of pollution is directly proportional burning
to BOD, therefore more the organic pollution Sol. (C) : Solar energy is not responsible for green house
(specially sewage), the more would be BOD of water. effect instead it is a source of energy for the plants
and animals.
Ex.2 If global warming continues, the organism which
may face more server threat is Ex.7 According to the Central Pollution Control Board,
(A) Cow (B) Banana the diameter of particles thatare responsible for
(C) Snow leopard (D) Dolphin causing great harm to human health is
Sol. (C) (A) 2.5 micrometer (B) 5.0 micrometer
(C) 10.0 micrometer (D) 7.5 micrometer
Ex.3 Cleaning Environment with biological options such Sol. (A)
as microbes & plants is called
Or Ex.8 Which of the following exhinits biomagnification
A process that uses micro-organisms to convert (A) SO2 (B) Mercury
harmful industrial wastes to less toxic or non-toxic (C) DDT (D) Both (B) and (C)
compounds is Sol. (D)
(A) Bioremediation (B) Biotechnology Ex.9 Match the following and choose the correct option
(C) Biowarware (D) Incineration Column - I Column - II
Sol. (A) (i) Environment (A) 1974
Ex.4 Ozone layer in upper atmosphere (stratosphere) is Protection Act
destroyed by or which one of thechemicals is (ii) Air Prevention (B) 1987
resposible for the reduction of ozone content of & Control of
atmosphere Pollution Act
Or (iii) water Act (C) 1986
What are the chief pollutants of the atmosphere (iv) Amendment of (D) 1981
which are most likely to deplete the ozone layer Air Act to include
(A) Hydrochloric acid noise as an air pollutant
(B) Photochemical smog The correct matches is
(C) Chlorofluoro carbon (CFC) and Nitrogen oxide (A) i - C, ii - D, iii - A, iv - B
(D) Sulphur dioxide (B) i - A, ii - C, iii - B, iv - D
Sol. (C) : CFC is strong enemy of ozone and causes (C) i - D, ii - A, iii - B, iv - C
depletion of ozone layer. (D) i - C, ii - D, iii - B, iv - A
Sol. (A)
Ex.5 In 1984, Bhopal gas tragedy was caused due to
leakage of Ex.10 Which one of the following diseases is not caused
(A) Sodium monoxide (B) Sodium thiocyanate due to contamination of water
(C) Potassium isocyanate (D) Methyl isocyanate (A) Hepatitis-B (B) Jaundice
Sol. (D) (C) Cholera (D) Typhoid
Sol. (A)

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BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS
Ex.11 Which of the following is correct for the figure given
below
(A) (A) BOD, (B) Point of sewage discharge, (C)
Dissolved oxygen
(B) (A) Dissolve oxygen, (B) Point of treated water
discharge, (C) BOD
(C) (A) BOD, (B) Point of treated water discharge,
(C) Dissolved oxygen
(D) (A) Dissolved oxygen, (B) Point of sewage
discharge, (C) BOD
Sol. (D)
Ex.12 What are the various constituents of domestic
sewage? Discuss the effects of sewage discharge
on a river.
Sol. Domestic sewage is the waste originating from the
kitchen, toilet, laundry, and other sources. It
contains impurities such as suspended solid (sand,
salt, clay), colloidal material (fecal matter, bacteria,
plastic and cloth fiber), dissolved materials (nitrate,
phosphate, calcium, sodium, ammonia), and disease-
causing microbes. When organic wastes from the
sewage enter the water bodies, it serves as a food
source for micro-organisms such as algae and
bacteria. As a result, the population of these micro-
organisms in the water body increases. Here, they
utilize most of the dissolved oxygen for their
metabolism. This results in an increase in the levels
of Biological oxygen demand (BOD) in river water
and results in the death of aquatic organisms. Also,
the nutrients in the water lead to the growth of
planktonic algal, causing algal bloom. This causes
deterioration of water quality and fish mortality.
Ex.13 List all the wastes that you generate, at home, school
or during your Trips to other places, could you
very easily reduce? Which would be Difficult or
rather impossible to reduce?
Sol. Wastes generated at home include plastic bags,
paper napkin, toiletries, kitchen wastes (such as
peelings of vegetables and fruits, tea leaves),
148
domestic sewage, glass, etc.
Wastes generated at schools include waste paper,
plastics, vegetable and fruit peels, food wrappings,
sewage etc.
Wastes generated at trips or picnics include plastic,
paper, vegetable and fruit peels, disposable cups,
plates, spoons etc.
Yes, wastes can be easily reduced by the judicious
use of the above materials. Wastage of paper can
be minimized by writing on both sides of the paper
and by using recycled paper. Plastic and glass waste
can also be reduced by recycling and re-using. Also,
substituting plastics bags with biodegradable jute
bags can reduce wastes generated at home, school,
or during trips. Domestic sewage can be reduced
by optimizing the use of water while bathing,
cooking, and other household activities.
Non- biodegradable wastes such as plastic, metal,
broken glass, etc are difficult to decompose because
microorganisms do not have the ability to
decompose them.
Ex.14 Write critical notes on the following:
(A) Eutrophication
(B) Biological magnification
(C) Groundwater depletion and ways for its
replenishment
Sol. (A) Eutrophication:- It is the natural ageing process
of a lake caused due to nutrient enrichment. It is
brought down by the runoff of nutrients such as
animal wastes, fertilizers, and sewage from land
which leads to an increased fertility of the lake. As
a result, it causes a tremendous increase in the
primary productivity of the ecosystem. This leads
to an increased growth of algae, resulting into algal
blooms. Later, the decomposition of these algae
depletes the supply of oxygen, leading to the death
of other aquatic animal life.
(B) Biological magnification: - To protect the crops
from the several diseases and pests, a large number
of pesticides are used. These pesticides reach the
soil and are absorbed by plants with water and
minerals from the soil. Due to rain, these chemicals
can also enter water sources and into the body of
aquatic plants and animals. As a result, chemicals
enter the food chain. Since these chemicals cannot
be decomposed, they keep on accumulating at each
trophic level. The maximum concentration is
accumulated at the top carnivore’s level. This
increase in the concentration of pollutants or
harmful chemicals with an increase in the trophic
 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
level is called biological magnification. For example, Safe disposal of radioactive wastes is a big
high DDT concentrations were found in a pond. challenge. It is recommended that nuclear wastes
The producers (phytoplankton) were found to have should be stored after pre-treatment in suitable
0.04 ppm concentration of DDT. Since many types shielded containers, which should then be buried
of phytoplankton were eaten by zooplankton in rocks.
(consumers), the concentration of DDT in the bodies (B) Defunct ships and e-wastes: - Defunct ships
of zooplankton was found to be 0.23 ppm. Small are dead ships that are no longer in use. Such ships
fish that feed on zooplankton accumulate more DDT are broken down for scrap metal in countries such
in their body. Thus, large fish (top carnivore) that as India and Pakistan. These ships are a source of
feed on several small fish have the highest various toxicants such as asbestos, lead, mercury
concentration of DDT. etc. Thus, they contribute to solid wastes that are
hazardous to health. E-wastes or electronic wastes
13.8 ppm Large fish
generally include electronic goods such as
2.07 ppm Small fish
computers etc. Such wastes are rich in metals such
as copper, iron, silicon, gold etc. These metals are
0.23 ppm Zooplankton highly toxic and pose serious health hazards.
People of developing countries are involved in the
0.04 ppm Phytoplankton
recycling process of these metals and therefore,
(C) Ground water depletion and ways for its get exposed to toxic substances present in these
replenishment: - The level of ground water has wastes.
decreased in the recent years. The source of water (C) Municipal solid wastes: - Municipal solid wastes
supply is rapidly diminishing each year because of are generated from schools, offices, homes, and
an increase in the population and water pollution. stores. It is generally rich in glass, metal, paper
To meet the demand of water, water is withdrawn waste, food, rubber, leather, and textiles. The open
from water bodies such as ponds, rivers etc. dumps of municipal wastes serve as a breeding
As a result, the source of ground water is depleting. ground for flies, mosquitoes, and other disease-
This is because the amount of groundwater being causing microbes. Hence, it is necessary to dispose
drawn for human use is more than the amount municipal solid waste properly to prevent the
replaced by rainfall. Lack of vegetation cover also spreading of diseases. Sanitary landfills and
results in very small amounts of water seeping incineration are the methods for the safe disposal
through the ground. An increase in water pollution
of solid wastes.
is another factor that has reduced the availability
of ground water.
Measures for replenishing ground water:-
(i) Preventing over-exploitation of ground water
(ii) Optimizing water use and reducing water demand
(iii) Rain water harvesting
(iv) Preventing deforestation and plantation of more
trees
Ex.15 Discuss briefly the following:
(A) Radioactive wastes
(B) Defunct ships and e-wastes
(C) Municipal solid wastes
Sol. (A) Radioactive wastes: - Radioactive wastes are
generated during the process of generating nuclear
energy from radioactive materials. Nuclear waste is
rich in radioactive materials that generate large
quantities of ionizing radiations such as gamma rays.
These rays cause mutation in organisms, which
often results in skin cancer. At high dosage, these
rays can be lethal.

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BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS

Exercise # 1 SINGLE OBJECTIVE NEET LEVEL

1. The excessive discharge of fertilizers into water 8. The pollution in city like Delhi may be controlled to
bodies results in great extent
(A) Growth of fish (A) By proper sewage and proper exit of chemicals
(B) Death of hydrophytes from factories
(B) By wide roads and factories away from the city
(C) Eutrophication
(C) By cleaning city and scanty use of pesticides
(D) Silt
(D) All of the above
2. Ozone layer in upper atmosphere (stratosphere) is
9. Domestic waste contains
destroyed by or which one of the chemicals is
(A) Non-biodegradable pollutants
responsible for the reduction of ozone content of
(B) Biodegradable pollutants
atmosphere
(C) Hydrocarbons
(A) Hydrochloric acid (D) None of the above
(B) Photochemical smog
(C) Chlorofluoro carbon (CFC) 10. Foul smell in the water of tanks, ponds etc. is due to
(D) Sulphur dioxide (A) Anaerobiosis
(B) Aerobiosis
3. What are the chief pollutants of the atmosphere (C) Biological magnification
which are most likely to deplete the ozone layer (D) Psammophytes
(A) Sulphur dioxide
11. Measurement of the rate of O2 consumption in unit
(B) Nitrogen oxide and fluorocarbons
volume of water over a period of time is done to find
(C) Carbon dioxide out
(D) Carbon monoxide (A) Biogas generation
4. The pollutants emitted by jet aeroplanes in outer (B) Biological oxygen demand
atmosphere flourocarbons are known as (C) Biosynthetic pathways
(D) Fermentation
(A) Smog
(B) Photochemical oxidants 12. Formation of ozone hole is maximum over
(C) Aerosols (D) Loess (A) India (B) Antarctica
(C) Europe (D) Africa
5. Acid rain is caused due to increase in concentration
13. Which one of the following organisms is used as
of (in atmosphere)
indicator of water quality
(A) SO2 and NO2 (B) CO and CO2
(A) Biggiata (B) Chlorella
(C) CO and SO3 (D) O3 and dust (C) Azospirillum (D) Escherichia
6. Today the concentration of green house gases is 14. Which of the following serves as an indicator of
very high because of atmospheric pollution
(A) Use of refrigerator (A) Ferns (B) Liverworts
(B) Increased combustion of oils and coal (C) Hornworts (D) Epiphytic lichens
(C) Deforestation
15. Lead (Pb) causes
(D) All of the above (A) Soil pollution (B) Air pollution
7. Increase in the percentage of fauna and decrease in (C) Radioactive pollution (D) All the above
flora may be dangerous because it enhances 16. The stratospheric ozone depletion leads to
(A) Percentage of CO2 (A) Global warming
(B) Percentage of radioactive fall out (B) Increase in the incidence of skin cancers
(C) Percentage of O2 (C) Forest fires
(D) Persentage of diseases (D) All the above

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 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
17. Which causes water pollution 29. In big cities, air pollution is due to
(A) 2, 4-D and pesticides (B) Smoke (A) Burning of fossil fuels (B) Thermal power plant
(C) Automobile exhaust (D) Aeroplanes (C) Sewage (D) H2S
18. Pollution can be controlled by 30. In the last decades, most serious nuclear reactor
(A) Sewage treatment accident created MIC gas tragedy in
(B) Manufacturing electrically operated vehicles (A) Russia (1990) and Bhopal (1996)
(C) By checking atomic blasts (B) Ucraine (1986) and Bhopal (1984)
(D) All of the above (C) Bhopal (1994) and Russia (1990)
(D) Ucraine and USA (1984)
19. Checking of reradiating heat by atmospheric dust,
water vapour, ozone, CO2 etc. is known as 31. Which of the following country is responsible for
(A) Green house effect (B) Radioactive effect releasing largest amount of green-house gases
(C) Ozone layer effect (D) Solar effect (A) Russia (B) Germany
20. Photochemical smog is related to the pollution of (C) Brazil (D) America (USA)
(A) Soil (B) Water 32. Fishes die by sewage because
(C) Noise (D) Air (A) If its bad smell
21. Eutrophication results in the reduction of (B) It replaces food material of fishes
(A) Dissolved hydrogen (B) Dissolved oxygen (C) It increases oxygen competition among fishes
(C) Mineral salts (D) None of these (D) CO2 is mixed in large amount in water
22. The toxic effect of carbon monoxide is due to its 33. Acid rain is due to
greater affinity for haemoglobin as compared to (A) Sulphur dioxide pollution
oxygen by (approx.) (B) Carbon monoxide pollution
(A) 200 times (B) 2 times (C) Pesticide pollution
(C) 1000 times (D) 20 times (D) Dust particles
23. Taj Mahal is threatened due to the effect of
34. Carbon monoxide is a major pollutant of
(A) Chlorine (B) Sulphur dioxide
(A) Water (B) Air
(C) Oxygen (D) Hydrogen
(C) Noise (D) Soil
24. When huge amount of sewage is dumped into a
35. Air pollution effects are usually found on
river, the BOD will
(A) Leaves (B) Flowers
(A) Increase (B) Remain unchanged
(C) Stems (D) Roots
(C) Slightly decrease (D) Decrease
36. Water pollution
25. A dental disease characterised by mottling of teeth
is due to presence of a certain chemical element in (A) Increases oxygenation
drinking water. Which is that element (B) Decreases turbidity
(A) Boron (B) Chlorine (C) Increases turbidity and deoxygenation
(C) Fluorine (D) Mercury (D) Increases photosynthesis

26. Most harmful pollutant is 37. The river 'Sone' receives wastes from
(A) CO2 (B) SO3 (A) Refinery (B) Distillery
(C) NO2 (D) CH4 (C) Textile mill (D) Paper mill
(E) SO2
38. Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are important
27. Biodegradable pollutant is pollutants of
(A) Plastic (B) Asbestos (A) Air and water (B) Air
(C) Sewage (D) All of these (C) Water (D) Soil

28. 'Heat islands' are produced due to 39. Leaf curling is caused by
(A) Air pollution (B) Water pollution (A) SO2 (B) O3
(C) Land pollution (D) All the above (C) H2S (D) CO

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BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS
40. In coming years, skin related disorders will be more 50. In 1984, Bhopal gas tragedy was caused due to
common due to leakage of
(A) Pollutants in air (A) Sodium monoxide (B) Sodium thiocyanate
(B) Use of detergents (C) Potassium isocyanate (D) Methyl isocyanate
(C) Water pollution
51. Which one of the following groups consists of non-
(D) Depletion of ozone layer
renewable organic resources
41. Phosphate pollution is caused by (A) Air, sand and clay
(A) Phosphate rock only (B) Coal, oil and natural gas
(B) Agricultural fertilizers only (C) Air, minerals and water
(C) Sewage and phosphate rock (D) Water, wood and natural pastures
(D) Sewage and agricultural fertilizers
52. The energy produced by hydel-power plant is
42. Most hazardous metal pollutant of automobile (A) Renewable and polluting
exhaust is
(B) Non-renewable and polluting
(A) Mercury (B) Lead
(C) Renewable and non-polluting
(C) Cadmium (D) Copper
(D) Non-renewable and non-polluting
43. Photochemical smog always contains
53. Non-polluting renewable type of energy is
(A) O3 (B) CH4
(C) CO (D) None of these (A) Wind (B) Solar
(C) Tidal (D) All the above
44. Which important green-house gas, other than
methane, is being produced from the agricultural 54. Inexhaustible but limited source of energy is
fields (A) Products of lakes and ponds
(A) Arsine (B) Sulphur dioxide (B) Products of oceans
(C) Ammonia (D) Nitrous oxide (C) Nuclear fuels
45. Carbon monoxide is a pollutant because (D) Fossil fuels
(A) It reacts with O2 55. A depleting source of energy is
(B) It inhibits glycolysis (A) Water (B) Wind
(C) Reacts with haemoglobin
(C) Sunlight (D) Fossil fuel
(D) Makes nervous system inactive
56. Which of the following environmentalist is pioneer
46. Noise pollution is created if noise is in excess to
in resource conservation
(A) 70-75 dB (B) 50-60 dB
(C) 80-99 dB (D) 40-65 dB (A) Odum (B) Tansley
(C) William Vogi (D) Reiter
47. PAN (Peroxyacetyl nitrate) is an important
constituent of photochemical smog. It is a 57. Soil erosion can be prevented by
(A) Primary pollutant (B) Secondary pollutant (A) Overgrazing
(C) Natural pollutant (D) Corrollary pollutant (B) Removal of vegetation
(C) Afforestation
48. Secondary pollutant which stops Hill reaction is
(D) Increasing birds population
(A) Sulphuric acid
(B) Nitric acid 58. Silent valley of Kerala is preserved because
(C) Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) (A) Has many rare species (B) Many new plants
(D) Aldehydes (C) New hybrids (D) None of the above
49. Which of the following is the use of lichens in case 59. Which of the following is an anti-forest conservation
of pollution activity
(A) They treat the polluted water (A) Economy in lumbering
(B) They act as bioindicators of pollutions
(B) Clear felling
(C) They promote pollution
(C) Preservation of fires
(D) Lichens are not related with pollution
(D) Preservation of wild animals

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 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
60. Which of the following is non-renewable resource 66. Sal forests are found in India
(A) Forest (B) Coal deposit (A) In western ghats (B) Dehradoon valley
(C) Water (D) Wild life (C) Nilgiri hills (D) Satpura mountains
61. ''National Institute of Oceanography'' is situated at
67. Petroleum is a
(A) Bombay (B) Panaji (Goa)
(C) Lucknow (D) Chennai (A) Non-renewable source
(B) Renewable source
62. Soil conservation is the process where (C) A synthetic product
(A) Sterile soil is converted to fertile soil (D) An inconvinient source
(B) Soil is aerated
(C) Soil erosion is allowed 68. Percentage of land covered by forests in India is
(D) Soil is protected against loss (A) 9-18% (B) 18-27%
(C) 27-36% (D) More than 50%
63. National Environmental Engineering Research
Institute (NEERI) is situated at 69. Minerals and metals are
(A) New Delhi (B) Nagpur (A) Renewable resources
(C) Bhopal (D) Baroda (B) Non-renewable resources
(C) Renewable and non-renewable resources
64. Deforestation may reduce the chances of
(D) Biodegradable resources
(A) Rainfall (B) Frequent cyclones
(C) Erosion of surface soil (D) Frequent land slides 70. Forests participate in
(A) Controlling pollution
65. Chipko movement is concerned with
(B) Prevention of soil erosion
(A) Plant conservation (B) Project Tiger
(C) Maintenance of ecological balance
(C) Plant breeding (D) Animal breeding (D) All the above

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BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS

Exercise # 2 SINGLE OBJECTIVE AIIMS LEVEL

1. Green house effect refers to 12. Increase in the concentration of pollutants in higher
(A) Cooling of earth (B) Trapping of UV rays trophic levels is called
(C) Production of cereals (D) Warming of earth (A) Recycling (B) Eutrophication
(C) Biodegradation (D) Biomagnification
2. Which of the following is pollution related disorder
(A) Hypertension (B) Leprosis 13. What is the intensity of sound in normal
(C) Silicosis (D) Pneumonicosis conversation
(A) 10-20 dB (B) 40-60 dB
3. Which of the following organism is likely to have (C) 90-120 dB (D) 120-150 dB
more concentration of D.D.T in its body
14. Which of the following is most poisonous
(A) Herbivores (B) Carnivores (A) CO (B) CO2
(C) Top carnivores (D) Primary producers (C) C (D) SO2
4. Increasing of temperature due to scattering of 15. The high amount of E. coli in water is the indicator
energy is determine by ozone, and water vapour, is of
known as (A) Hardness of water (B) Industrial pollution
(A) Radioactivity (B) Ozone effect (C) Sewage pollution
(C) Solar reaction (D) Green house effect (D) Presence of chlorine in water

5. Water pollution is caused due to 16. Which is a degradable pollutant

(A) Sewage and other wastes (A) D.D.T. (B) Aluminium foil
(B) Industrial effluents (C) Domestic wastes (D) Mercury salts
(C) Agricultural discharges 17. Which is a green house gas
(D) All of these (A) CO (B) CO2
(C) H2 (D) N2
6. Which among the following is likely to have the
highest levels of D.D.T. depositions in its body 18. Which of the following is biodegradable pollutant
(A) Eel (B) Crab (A) Sewage (B) Plastic
(C) Sea gull (D) Phytoplankton (C) Polythene (D) DDT
19. Effect of pollution first marked on
7. The ultimate environmental hazard to mankind is
(A) Micro-organisms
(A) Air pollution (B) Water pollution (B) Green vegetation of an area
(C) Noise pollution (D) Nuclear pollution
(C) Food crop (D) None of these
8. Aerosols reduce primary productivity by 20. Green muffler is used against which type of
(A) Destroying leaf tissue (B) Premature leaf fall pollution
(C) Reducing crop yields (D) All of these (A) Air (B) Water
(C) Soil (D) Noise
9. Water pollution is caused by
(A) Ammonia (B) Phytoplankton 21. Positive pollution of soil is due to
(C) Industrial effluents (D) Smoke (A) Excessive use of fertilizers
(B) Addition of wastes on soil
10. The most adverse effect of radioactive pollutant is (C) Reduction in soil productivity
(A) Gene mutation (B) Hepatitis (D) All of these
(C) Polio (D) T.B.
22. CO is more toxic than CO2 because
11. The result of ozone hole is (A) It affects the nervous system
(A) Acid rain (B) UV radiations (B) It damages lungs
(C) Global warming (D) Green house effect (C) It reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of
hemoglobin
(D) It forms acid with water

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 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
23. Acid rain is the secondary effect of 34. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of
(A) Water pollution (B) Air pollution (A) Industrial wastes poured into water bodies
(C) Soil pollution (D) Sound pollution (B) Extent to which water is polluted with organic
compounds
24. Which are sensitive to pollution (C) Amount of carbon monoxide inseparably
(A) Mosses (B) Algae combined with haemoglobin
(C) Lichen (D) Ferns (D) Amount of oxygen needed by green plants
during night
25. Main air pollutant is
(A) CO2 (B) CO 35. In almost all Indian metropolitan cities like Delhi,
(C) N2 (D) Sulphur the major atmospheric pollutant(s) is/ are
(A) Suspended particulate matter (SPM)
26. Effect of pollution is on (B) Oxides of sulphur
(A) Crossing over (B) Ecological balance (C) Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
(C) Linkage (D) Mutation (D) Oxides of nitrogen

27. A process that uses micro-organisms to convert 36. The soil pollutants that affect the food chain and
food web by killing micro organisms and plants are
harmful industrial wastes to less toxic or non-toxic
compounds is (A) Pathogens (B) Chemical fertilisers
(C) Agricultural wastes (D) Pesticides
(A) Complement fixation (B) Precipitation
(C) Bioremediation (D) Bioconversion 37. Chernobyl tragedy occured in
(A) 26th May, 1966 (B) 26th April, 1986
28. Gases referred to as ''green house gases'' are (C) 6th Aug., 1947 (D) 9th May, 1945
(A) CO2, O2, NO2, NH3
38. The main cause of water pollution is
(B) Chlorofluoro carbon, CO2 , NH3 , N2
(A) Soap (B) Industrial effluents
(C) CH4, N2, CO2, NH3
(C) Smoke (D) Ammonia
(D) Chlorofluoro carbon, CO2 , CH4 , NO2
39. Which of the following is not a pollutant
29. pollution affects which part of the plant (A) Hydrogen (B) Carbon dioxide
(A) Chloroplast (B) Mitochondria (C) Sulphur dioxide (D) Carbon Monooxide
(C) E.R. (D) Lysosome
40. The pesticide used as preventive measure in
30. A range of loudness of sound of 70-90 decibles is buildings is
rated as (A) Aldrin (B) Dieldrin
(A) Very loud (B) Uncomfortable (C) Endrin (D) DDT
(C) Painful (D) quiet 41. Frequent occurrence of water blooms in a lake
indicates
31. CFC are not recommended to be used in
(A) Nutrient deficiency
refrigerators because they
(B) Oxygen deficiency
(A) Increase temperature (B) Deplete ozone (C) Excessive nutrient availability
(C) Affect environment (D) Affect human body (D) Absence of herbivores in the lake
32. Which of the following does not occur when the 42. Which of the following pollutant is released in larger
sewage is discharged into water quantity from the exhaust emission of a petrol/diesel
(A) Increase in automobile
(A) CO (B) CO2
(B) Cyanophycean blooms occur
(C) NO2, SO2 and Pb (D) Hydrocarbons
(C) Depletion of layers (D) Eutrophication
43. The noise produced in office is normally at the level
33. Cadmium pollution may cause of
(A) Minimata disease (B) Skeletal fluorosis (A) 20 db. (B) 30 db.
(C) Black foot disease (D) Itai-itai disease (C) 40 db. (D) 60 db.

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BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS
44. Nitrogen oxides produced from the emission of 51. More than 70% of world's freshwater is contained
automobiles and power plants, are the source of in
line air borne particles which lead to (A) Polar ice
(A) Photochemical smog (B) Dry acid deposition (B) Glaciers and mountains
(C) Industrial smog (D) Wet acid deposition (C) Antartica (D) Greenland
45. A lake with an inflow of domestic sewage rich in 52. Mine spoil is
organic waste may result in (A) Wastes from mines
(A) Drying of the lake very soon due to algal bloom (B) Wastes from mine processing
(B) An increase production of fish due to lot of (C) Land degraded by mining
nutrients (D) Both (A) and (B)
(C) Death of fish due to lack of oxygen
53. Conservation is
(D) Increased population of aquatic food web
(A) Protection of natural resources
organisms
(B) Management of natural resources
46. Minamata disease was caused due to the (C) Proper use of natural resources
consumption of (D) All the above
(A) Sea food containing lot of cadmium
54. Overgrazing causes
(B) Fish contaminated with mercury
(A) Negative pollution (B) Positive pollution
(C) Oysters with lot of pesticide
(C) Soil erosion
(D) Sea food contaminated with selenium
(D) Reduction in crop yield
47. Match the following and choose the correct
55. Forest control drought though
combinations from the options given
(A) Lot of water plants
Column I Column II
(B) Increasing rainfall
(1) DDT (p) CO, CO2
(C) Retention of water and prevention of erosion
(2) PAN (q) Smog
(D) Functioning as water shed
(3) Acid rain (r) Biological
magnification 56. Deforestation brings about
(4) Global warming (s) SO (A) Increased sunlight
(A) (1)-(s), (2)-(r), (3)-(q), (4)-(p) (B) Increased grazing area
(B) (1)-(p), (2)-(r), (3)-(q), (4)-(s) (C) Weed control (D) Soil erosion
(C) (1)-(q), (2)-(r), (3)-(s), (4)-(p)
57. Silent Valley has been preserved as it has
(D) (1)-(r), (2)-(q), (3)-(s), (4)-(p)
(A) Recreational value
(E) (1)-(A), (2)-(s), (3)-(p), (4)-(q)
(B) Valuable timber plants
48. Which one of the following gases can deplete ozone (C) Natural forest
layer in the upper atmosphere (D) Rare plants and animals
(A) Ammonia (B) Methane
(C) Carbon monoxide (D) Sulphur dioxide 58. Chipko movement is connected with
(A) Conservation of natural resources
49. Odd pollutant amongst the following is (B) Plant/forest conservation
(A) SO2 (B) CO2 (C) Plant breeding (D) Project tiger
(C) CO (D) Acid rain
59. Forests take part is
50. The term "Bio-magnification" refers to the (A) Control of atmospheric pollution
(A) Growth of organism due to food consumption (B) Prevention of soil erosion
(B) Increase in population size (C) Maintenance of natural balance
(C) Blowing up of environmental issues by man (D) All the above
(D) Increase in the concentration of non-degradable
60. Afforestation should be with
pollutants as they pass through food chain
(A) Exotic species (B) Indigenous species
(E) Decrease in population size
(C) Bamboos (D) Eucalyptus

156
 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
61. American water plant that has become a
66. Mulching is helpful in
troublesome water weed in India is
(A) Increasing soil fertility
(A) Cyperus rotundus
(B) Improvement of soil structure
(B) Eichhornia crassipes
(C) Moisture conservation
(C) Trapa latifolia (D) Trapa bispinosa (D) Better crops
62. Fertility of soil is measured by its ability to 67. Value of a resource is dependent on its
(A) Retain nutrients (A) Quality (B) Quantity
(B) Hold organic materials
(C) Requirement and type of society
(C) Hold water (D) Support life
(D) All the above
63. Soil conservation is
68. Water is a resource
(A) Conversion of sterile soil into fertile one
(A) Nondegradable nonmaintainable
(B) Aeration of soil
(B) Degradable maintainable
(C) Erosion of soil
(C) Renewable (D) Non-renewable
(D) Protection against loss
69. Largest amount of fresh water is found in
64. Removal of top fertile soil by wind or water is
(A) Lakes and streams (B) Underground
(A) Siltation (B) Soil erosion (C) Polar ice and glaciers (D) Rivers
(C) Weathering of soil (D) Leaching
70. Source of energy which does not evolve CO2 is
65. Best source of renewable energy is
(A) Coal (B) Oil
(A) Cattle (B) Petroleum (C) Organic compounds (D) Nuclear energy
(C) Coal (D) Trees

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BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS

Exercise # 3 PART - 1 MATRIX MATCH COLUMN

1. Match the following items in column I with column II and choose the correct answer
Column - I Column - II
(A) Arsenic (1) Minamata disease
(B) Nitrate (2) Itai-Itai
(C) Mercury (3) Blue-baby syndrome
(D) Cadmium (4) Skeletal fluorosis
(E) Fluoride (5) Black-foot disease
(A) A-2, B-3, C-5, D-1, E-4 (B) A-5, B-3, C-1, D-2, E-4
(C) A-3, B-4, C-5, D-1, E-2 (D) A-5, B-4, C-3, D-2, E-1
(E) A-2, B-5, C-4, D-3, E-1

2. Match the following and choose the correct combination from the option given below
Column - I Column - II
Green house gases) (Concentration in 2000 AD)
(A) CO2 (1) 282 ppt
(B) CH4 (2) 316 ppb
(C) N2O (3) 368 ppm
(D) CFC + HFC (4) 1750 ppb
(A) (A) - (3), (B) - (4), (C) - (2), (D) - (1) (B) (A) - (4), (B) - (3), (C) - (2), (D) - (1)
(C) (A) - (2), (B) - (3), (C) - (4), (D) - (1) (D) (A) - (1), (B) - (4), (C) - (2), (D) - (3)
(E) (A) - (1), (B) - (2), (C) - (3), (D) - (4)

3. Match the following and choose the correct combinations from the options given
Column - I Column - II
(A) DDT (p) CO, CO2
(B) PAN (q) Smog
(C) Acid rain (r) Biological magnification
(D) Global warming (s) SO2
(A) (a)-(s), (b)-(r), (c)-(q), (d)-(p) (B) (a)-(p), (b)-(r), (c)-(q), (d)-(s)
(C) (a)-(q), (b)-(r), (c)-(s), (d)-(p) (D) (a)-(r), (b)-(q), (c)-(s), (d)-(p)
(E) (a)-(r), (b)-(s), (c)-(p), (d)-(q)

4. Match the following and choose the correct option:

Column - I Column - II
(i) Environment Protection Act (A) 1974
(ii) Air Prevention & Control of Pollution Act (B) 1987
(iii) Water Act (C) 1986
(iv) Amendment of Air Act to include (D) 1981
noise as an air pollutant
The correct matches is
(A) i-C, ii-D, iii-A, iv-B (B) i-A, ii-C, iii-B, iv-D
(C) i-D, ii-A, iii-B, iv-C (D) i-C, ii-D, iii-B, iv-A

158
 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
5. Match the items in column I and column II and choose the correct option
Column - I Column - II
(A) UV (i) Bio magnification
(B) Biodegradable Organic matter (ii) Eutrophication
(C) DDT (iii) Snow blindness
(D) Phosphates (iv) BOD
The correct match is
(A) A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii (B) A-iii, B-ii, C-iv, D-i
(C) A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii (D) A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii

6. Under Column - I, a list of gases that are known to have a greenhouse effect' is given. Relate them to their main
source selecting from the list given under Column - II
Column - I Column - II
(A) Nitrous oxide (1) Secondary pollutant from car exhausts
(B) Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) (2) Combustion of fossil fuels, wood, etc
(C) Methane (3) Denitrification
(D) Ozone (O3) (4) Refrigerators, aerosol, sprays
(E) Carbon dioxide (5) Cattle, rice fields, toilets
(A) A-3,B-4,C-5,O-1,E-2 (B) A-5,B-1,C-3,O-4,E-2
(C) A-4,B-5,C-1,O-2,E-3 (D) A-1,B-3,C-4,D-5,E-2
(E) A-2,B-4,C-5,D-1,E-3

7. Match the following

Column - I Column - II
(I) Mercury (A) Low blood pressure, blindness
(II) Lead (B) Hyperkeratosis, Liver cirrhosis
(III) Arsenic (C) Bone deformation, Testicular atrophy
(IV) Cadmium (D) Abdominal pain, haemolysis
(E) Anaemia, consvulsions
(A) 1-E, II-D, III-C, IV-B (B) 1-D, 11-E, III-B, IV-C
(C) 1-C, 11-B, III-D, IV-A (D) 1-B, 11-C, III-D, IV-E

8. Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option from the codes-given below.
Column - I Column - II
(A) Catalytic converter (i) Used in industries arc power plants
(B) Electrostatic precipitator (ii) Used in automobiles
(C) Earmuffs (iii) High noise level
(D) Land fills (iv) Solid wastes
(A) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv) (B) A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(iv)
(C) A-(iv}, B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i) (D) A-(iii), B-(ii}, C-(iv}, D-(i)

159
BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS
9. Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option from the codes given below.
Column - I Column - II
(A) Nitrates (i) Primary pollutant
(B) E-Wastes (ii) Minamata disease
(C) Mercury (iii) Secondary pollutant
(D) DDT (iv) Blue-baby syndrome
(E) PAN (v) Electronic wastes
(A) A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(v), D-(i), E-(iii) (B) A-(iv), B-(v), C-(ii), D- (i), E-(iii)
(C) A-(iv), B-(v), C-(iii), D-(ii), E-(i) (D) A-(ii), B-(v), C-(iv), D-(i), E-(iii)

10. Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option from the codes given below.
Column - I Column - II
(A) Bishnoi community (i) Rajasthan
(B) Chipko movement (ii) Reduce the emission of ozone depleting substances
(C) Montreal protocol (iii) Himalayas
(D) Kyoto protocol (iv) Reduce the emission of greenhouse gases
(A) A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv) (B) A-(i), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(ii)
(C) A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iv) (D) A-(iii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(ii)

160

Exercise # 3 PART - 2
In the following questions, a statements of assertion is
followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice
as :
(A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason are
true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is
not the correct explanation of assertion.
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(D) If both assertion and reason are false.
1. Assertion : Inhabitants close to very busy airports
are likely to experience health hazards.
Reason : Sound level of jet aeroplanes usually
exceeds 160 dB.
2. Assertion : Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is
an important pollutant released · by diesel vehicles.
Reason : Catalytic converters greatly reduce
pollution caused by automobiles.
3. Assertion : Presently, the global atmosphere is
warming up.
Reason : The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer
has resulted in increase in ultraviolet radiations
reaching the earth.
4. Assertion : Eutrophication shows increase in
productivity in water.
Reason : With increasing eutrophication, the
diversity of the phytoplankton increases.
5. Assertion : ,  and  rays are emitted by
disintegration of atomic nuclei of radioactive
elements.
Reason : Nuclear fall out is shown by radioactive
elements.
6. Assertion : Methylmercury is a highly persistent
kind of pollutant that accumulates in food chains.
Reason : Mercury pollution is responsible for
Minamata disease.
7. Assertion : Green-house effect is due to thick layer
of carbon dioxide.
Reason : The glass panels of a green-house allowing
the sunlight to filter through but preventing the heat
from being re-radiated in outer space.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
ASSERTION & REASONING
8. Assertion : Through the use of catalytic
converters,unburnt hydrocarbons are changed into
carbon monoxide which in turn is changed into
nitrogen oxides and water.
Reason : Motor vehicles equipped with catalytic
converters should use leaded petrol to protect the
catalyst from degradation.
9. Assertion : There is a sharp decline in dissolved
oxygen downstream from the point of sewage
discharge.
Reason : Microorganisms involved in
biodegradation of organic matter in the receiving
water body consume a lot of oxygen.
10. Assertion : Heavy metals and persistent pesticides
pass into the food chain and increase in amount per
unit weight of the organism at successive trophic
levels.
Reason : S,uch heavy metals and persistent
pesticides can be easily metabolized by the
organism's body.
11. Assertion : Photochemical smog is mainly
composed of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic
compounds, ozone and peroxyacyl nitrates.
Reason : Photochemical smog develops in cold
weather conditions by the interaction of secondary
pollutants.
12. Assertion : Cultural eutrophication is nutrient
enrichment of ,water bodies due to human activities
like passage of sewage, industrial effluents etc.
Reason : The ,prime contaminants from sewage
and industrial effluents are nitrates and phosphates,
.which act as plant nutrients and overstimulate the
growth of algae.
13. Assertion : Sewage, industrial effluents and waste
waters are non point sources of water pollution.
Reason : Surface runoff is point source of water
pollution.
14. Assertion : Contribution of CO2, CH4, CFCs and
N2O towards green house effect is respectively 60%,
6%, 14%and 20%.
Reason : Green house gases are radioactively active
gases and which prevent the short wavelength
radiations emitted by earth to escape into space.
161
BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS

Exercise # 4 PART - 1 PREVIOUS YEAR (NEET/AIPMT)

1. Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) refers to 10. Recently Govt. of India has allowed mixing of alcohol
the damages caused by in petrol. What is the amount of alcohol permitted
(A) low temperature (B) high temperature for mixing in petrol?
(C) radiation (D) pollution (A) 2.5% (B) 10-15%
(C) 10% (D) 5%
2. What is the intensity of sound in normal
conversation? 11. Which of the following is not used for disinfection
(A) 0-20 dB (B) 30-60 dB of drinking water?
(C) 70-90 dB (D) 120-150 dB (A) Phenyl (B) Chloramine
(C) Chlorine (D) Ozone
3. What is BOD?
(A) The amount of O2 utilised by organisms in water 12. Which one of the following pair is mismatched?
(A) Biomass burning - Release of CO2
(B) The amount of O2 utilised by microorganisms
for decomposition (B) Fossil fuel burning - Release of CO2
(C) The total amount of O2 present in water (C) Nuclear power - Radioactive wastes
(D) Solar energy - Greenhouse effect
(D) All of the above
13. Limit of BOD prescribed by Central Pollution
4. Which of the following is absent in polluted water?
Control Board for the discharge of industrial and
(A) Hydrilla (B) Water hyacinth municipal waste water into natural surface water, is
(C) Larva of stone fly (D) Blue-green algae
(A) < 3.0 ppm (B) < 10 ppm
5. Fluoride pollution mainly affects (C) < 100 ppm (D) < 30 ppm
(A) teeth (B) kidney
14. Montreal protocol, which calls for appropriate action
(C) brain (D) heart
to protect the ozone layer from human activities was
6. If by radiation all nitrogenase enzymes are passed in the year
inactivated, then there will be no (A) 1986 (B)1987
(A) Fixation of nitrogen in legumes (C) 1988 (D) 1985
(B) Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen 15. Photochemical smog pollution does not contain
(C) Conversion from nitrate to nitrite in legumes (A) ozone
(D) Conversion from ammonium to nitrate in soil (B) nitrogen dioxide
(C) carbon dioxide
7. In 1984, the Bhopal gas tragedy took place because
(D) PAN (Peroxy Acyl Nitrate)
methyl isocyanate
(A) reacted with DOT 16. In which one of the following, the BOD (Biochemical
(B) reacted with ammonia Oxygen Demand) of sewage (S), distillery effluent
(C) reacted with CO2 (DE), paper mill effluent (PE) and sugar mill effluent
(D) reacted with water (SE) have been arranged in ascending order?
(A) SE < S < PE < DE (B) SE < PE < S < DE
8. Identify the correctly matched pair. (C) PE < S < SE < DE (D) S < DE < PE < SE
(A) Montreal protocol - Global warming
17. In a coal fired power plant, electrostatic precipitators
(B) Kyoto protocol - Climate change
are installed to control emission of
(C) Ramsar convention - Ground water pollution (A)SO2 (B) NO2
(D) Basal convention - Biodiversity conservation (C) SPM (D) CO
9. Lead concentration in blood is considered alarming 18. Which one of the following is not a bioindicator of
if it is water pollution?
(A) 20 ng/100 ml (B) 30 p.g/100 ml (A) Sludge worms (B) Blood worms
(C) 4-6 ng/100 ml (D) 10 ng/100 ml (C) Stone flies (D) Sewage fungus

162

19. A lake near a village suffered heavy mortality of
fishes within a few days. Consider the following
reasons for this
(I) Lots of urea and phosphate fertilizer were used
in the crops in the vicinity.
(II) The area was sprayed with DDT by an aircraft.
(III) The lake water turned green and stinky.
(IV) Phytoplankton populations in the lake declined
initially thereby greatly reducing
photosynthesis.
Which two of the above were the main causes of
fish mortality in the lake?
(A) II, III (B) III, IV
(C) I, III (D) I, II
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
25. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in a river water
(A) Remains unchanged when algal bloom occurs
(B) Has no relationship with concentration of
oxygen in the water
(C) Gives a measure of Salmonella in the water
(D) Increases when sewage gets mixed with river
water
26. Montreal protocol aims at
(A) reduction of ozone depleting substances
(B) biodiversity conservation
(C) control of water pollution
(D) control of CO2 emission

20. According to Central Pollution Control Board 27. DDT residues are rapidly passed through food chain
(CPCB), which particulate size in diameter (in causing biomagnification because DDT is
micrometres) of the air pollutants is responsible for
(A) lipo soluble
greatest harm to human health?
(A) 2.5 or less (B) 1.5 or less (B) moderately toxic
(C) 1.0 or less (D) 5.2 or 2.5 (C) non-toxic to aquatic animals
(D) water soluble
21. Which one of the following is the correct percentage
of the two (out of the total of four) greenhouse gases 28. The two gases making highest relative contribution
that contribute to the total global warming? to the greenhouse gases are
(A) CFCs 14%, CH4 20% (B) CO2 40%, CFCs 30% (A)CO2 and CH4 (B)CH4 and NO2
(C) N2O 6%, CO2 86% (D) CH4 20%, N2O 18% (C) CFCs and N2O (D) CO2 and N2O
22. Chipko movement was launched for the protection
29. dB is a standard abbreviation used for the
of
quantitative expression of
(A) grasslands (B) forests
(A) the density of bacteria in a medium
(C) livestock (D) wet lands
(B) a particular pollutant
23. Steps taken by the Government of India to control (C) the dominant Bacillus in a culture ,
air pollution include
(D) a certain pesticide
(A) Compulsory mixing of 20% ethyl alcohol with
petrol and 20% biodiesel with diesel 30. Which one of the following statements is wrong in
(B) Compulsory PUC (Pollution Under Control) case of Bhopal gas tragedy?
certificatlan of petrol driven vehicles, which (A) Thousands of human being died
tests for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons
(B) Radioactive fall out engulfed Bhopal
(C) Permission to use only pure diesel with a
(C) It took place in the night of December 23,1984
maximum of 500 ppm sulphur as fuel for vehicles
(D) Use of non-polluting Compressed Natural Gas (D) Methyl isocyanate gas leakage took place
(CNG) only as fuel by all buses and trucks 31. Secondary sewage treatment is mainly a
24. Global agreement in specific control strategies to (A) mechanical process (B) chemical process
reduce the release of ozone depleting substances, (C) biological process (D) physical process
was adopted by
(A) Rio de Janerio Conference 32. Which one of the following pairs of gases are the
(B) Montreal Protocol major cause of ‘Greenhouse’ effect?
(C) Kyoto Protocol (A) CO2 and CO (B) CFCs and SO2
(D) Vienna Convention (C) CO2 and N2O (D) CO2 and O3

163
BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS
33. The domestic sewage in large cities 39. Global warming can be controlled by
(A) has a high BOD as it contains both aerobic and (A) Reducing deforestation, cutting down use of
anaerobic bacteria fossil fuel
(B) is processed by aerobic and then anaerobic (B) Reducing reforestation, increasing the use of
bacteria in the secondary treatment in Sewage fossil fuel
Treatment Plants (STPs) (C) Increasing deforestation, slowing down the
(C) when treated in STPs does not really require growth of human population
the aeration step as the sewage contains; (D) Increasing deforestation, reducing efficiency
adequate oxygen of energy usage
(D) has very high amounts of suspended solids
40. A scrubber in the exhaust of a chemical industrial
and dissolved salts
plant removes
34. Measuring Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a (A) Gases like sulphur dioxide
method used for (B) Particulate matter of the size 5 micrometer or
(A) Estimating the amountjpf organic matter in above
sewage water (C) Gases like ozone and methane
(B) Working out the efficiency of oil driven (D) Particulate matter of the size 2.5 micrometer or
automobile engines less
(C) Measuring the activity of Saccharomyces
cerev/sae in producing curd on a commercial 41. The zone of atmosphere in which the ozone layer is
scale present is called
(D) Working out the efficiency of RBCs about their (A) Ionosphere (B) Mesosphere
capacity to carry oxygen (C) Stratosphere (D) Troposphere

35. Which one of the following is a wrong statement? 42. The UN conference of Parties on climate change in
the year 2012 was held at
(A) Most of the forests have been lost in tropical
areas (A) Durban (B) Doha
(B) Ozone in upper part of atmosphere is harmful (C) Lima (D) Warsaw
to animals 43. Eutrophication of water bodies leading to killing of
(C) Greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon fishes is mainly due to non-availability of
(D) Eutrophication is a natural phenomenon in (A) Food (B) Light
freshwater bodies (C) Essential minerals (D) Oxygen
36. In an area where DDT had been used extensively, 44. Acid rain is caused by increase in the atmospheric
the population of birds declined significantly concentration of
because (A) SO2 and NO2 (B) SO3 and CO
(A) Birds stopped laying eggs (C) CO2 and CO (D) O3 and dust
(B) Earthworms in the area got eradicated
45. Which of the following are most suitable indicators
(C) Cobras were feeding exclusively on birds
of SO2 pollution in the environment?
(D) Many of the birds laid eggs, that did not hatch
(A) Lichens (B) Conifers
37. Kyoto Protocol was endorsed at (C) Algae (D) Fungi
(A)CoP-3 (B)CoP-5
46. Increase in concentration of the toxicant at
(C) CoP-6 (D) CoP-4
successive tropic levels is known as
38. The Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act (A) Biomagnification
came into force in (B) Biodeterioration
(A) 1975 (B)1981 (C) Biotransformation
(C) 1985 (D) 1990 (D) Biogeochemical cycling

164
 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
47. A lake which is rich in organic waste may result in 53. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant ?
(A) Increased population of aquatic organisms .due
to minerals (A) SO2 (B) CO2
(B) Drying of the lake due to algal bloom (C) CO (D) O3
(C) Increased population of fish due to lots of
nutrients 54. Use of bioresources by multinational companies
(D) Mortality of fish due to lack of oxygen and organisations without authorisation from the
concerned country and its people is called
48. The highest DDT concentration in aquatic food
chain shall occur in
(A) phytoplankton (B) seagull (A) Biodegradation (B) Biopiracy
(C) crab (D) eel (C) Bio-infringement (D) Bioexploitation

49. Depletion of which gas in the atmosphere can lead 55. Match the items given in Column-I with those in
to an increased incidence of skin cancers Column-II and select the correct option given below
(A) Ozone (B) Ammonia :
(C) Methane (D) Nitrous oxide Column-I Column-II
50. Which one of the following statements is not valid (a) Eutrophication (i) UV-B radiation
for aerosols ? (b) Sanitary landfill (ii) Deforestation
(A) They are harmful to human health (c) Snow blindness (iii) Nutrient
(B) They alter rainfall and monsoon patterns enrichment
(C) They cause increased agricultural productivity (d) Jhum cultivation (iv) Waste disposal
(D) They have negative impact on agricultural land (a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) iii iv i ii
51. World Ozone Day celebrated on (B) i iii iv ii
(A) 16th September (B) 21th April (C) ii i iii iv
th
(C) 5 June (D) 22nd April (D) i ii iv iii

52. In stratosphere, which of the following elements

acts as a catalyst in degradation of ozone and re-
lease of molecular oxygen?
(A) Fe (B) Cl
(C) Carbon (D) Oxygen

165
BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS

Exercise # 4 PART - 2 PREVIOUS YEAR (AIIMS)

1. A person is suffering from impaired nervous system
and madness aftter prolonged consumption of
polluted water. Which metal is responsible ?
(A) Hg (B) Ca
(C) Mn (D) Pb
2. Green muffler is used against which type of pollution ?
(A) Air (B) Soil
(C) Water (D) Noise
3. July 11 is observed as
(A) World population day
(B) No tobacco day
(C) World environment day
(D) World health day.
4. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of
(A) industrial wastes poured into water bodies
(B) extent to which water is polluted with organic
compounds
(C) amount of carbon monoxide inseparably
combined with haemoglobin
(D) amount of oxygen needed by green plants
during night.
5. Drinking of mineral water with very low level of
pesticides (about 0.02 ppm) for long periods may
(A) produce immunity against mosquito
(B) cause leukemia (blood cancer) in most people
(C) cause cancer of the intestine
(D) lead to accumulation of pesticide residues in
body fat.
6. Which one of the following is a matching pair of
certain organism(s) and the kind of association?
(A) Shark and sucker fish - Amensalism
(B) Algae and fungi in lichens - Mutualism
(C) Orchids growing on trees - Parasitism
(D) Cuscuta (dodder) growing in other flowering
plants - Epiphytism
7. Photochemical smog formed in congested
metropolitan cities mainly consists of
(A) ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate and NOx
(B) smoke, peroxyacetyl nitrate and SO2
(C) hydrocarbons, SO2 and CO2
(D) hydrocarbons, ozone and SO2
8. In almost all Indian metropolitan cities like Delhi,
the major atmospheric pollutant(s) is/are
(A) suspended particulate matter (SPM)
(B) oxides of sulphur
(C) carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
(D) oxides of nitrogen
9. Nitrogen oxides produced from the emission of
automobiles and power plants, are the source of
fine air borne particles which lead to
(A) photochemical smog
(B) dry acid deposition
(C) industrial smog
(D) wet acid deposition
10. Minamata disease was caused due to the
consumption of
(A) sea food containing lot of cadmium
(B) fish contaminated with mercury
(C) oysters with lot of pesticide
(D) sea food contaminated with selenium
11. Formation of non-functional methaemoglobin
causes blue-baby syndrome. This is due to
(A) excess of arsenic concentration in drinking water
(B) excess of nitrates in drinking water
(C) deficiency of iron in food
(D) increased methane content in the atmosphere
12. Which one of the following statement pertaining to
pollutants is correct ?
(A) DDT is a non-biodegradable pollutant.
(B) Excess fluoride in drinking water causes
osteoporosis.
(C) Excess cadmium in drinking water causes black
foot disease.
(D) Methylmercury in water may cause “Itai Itai”
disease.
13. Pollution from animal excreta and organic waste from
kitchen can be most profitably minimised by
(A) storing them in underground storage tanks
(B) using them for producing biogas
(C) vermiculture
(D) using them directly as biofertilizers
14. Which one of the following is an environment-
related disorder with the correct main cause ?

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 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
(A) Black lund disease (pneumoconiosis) found (iv) It will lead to nutrient enrichment of receiving
mainly in workers in st7one quarries and water body.
crushers (A) (i), (ii) and (iii) (B) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(B) Blue baby disease (methaemoglobinaemia) due (C) (ii), and (iii) (D) (iii) and (iv)
to heavy use of nitrogenous fertilisers in the
area. 21. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant ?
(C) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma found mainly in (A) Carbon dioxide
workers involved in manufacture of neem based (B) Nitrogen oxides
pesticides (C) Peroxyacyl nitrates
(D) Skin cancer mainly in people exposed to (D) All of these
benzene and methane
22. Plants do not get benefit from
15. The Montreal Protocol refers to (A) N2 in air (B) O2 in air
(A) persistent organic pollutants (C) CO2 in air (D) O2 in air
(B) global warming and climate change
23. Match the following and select the correct option.
(C) substances that deplete the ozone layer
Column - I Column - II
(D) biosafety of genetically modified organisms
(A) Emphysema (i) Increase in the
16. Rain is called acid-rain when its pH is below concentration of non-
(A) 7 (B) 6.5 biodegradable sub-
(C) 6 (D) 5.6 stances in food chains
(B) ADA deficiency (ii) -1antitrypsin
17. Monarch butterfly escapes from predators by (C) Eutrophication (iii) Bone marrow
(A) foul smell (B) bitter taste transplantation
(C) colour combination (D) rough skin (D) Biomagnification (iv) Nutrient enrichment
18. Cattle ranches are known to causes acute green of a water body
house effect. This is due to (A) A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (iv), D - (i)
(A) mechanized milking practices (B) A - (ii), B - (iii), C - (iv), D - (i)
(B) methanogenic bacteria in rumen (C) A - (ii), B - (iv), C - (i), D - (iii)
(C) decomposition of left over fodder (D) A - (iv), B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (i)
(D) decomposition of organic remains in faeces. 24. One greenhouse gas contributes 14% to total global
19. Select the correct statement warming and another contributes 6%. These are
respectively indentified as
(A) Particulate matter of size 10 µm can create
severe damage to the lungs. (A) N2O and CO2
(B) Particulate matter of size greater than 2.5 µm (B) CFCs and N2O
can get trapped in lungs and cause problems. (C) methane and CO2
(C) Particulate matter of size less than 2.5 µm (D) methane and CFCs.
penetrate deep into lungs.
In the following questions, a statements of assertion
(D) None of the above. is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the
20. A large quantity of urban sewage is drained to correct choice as :
nearby village river. which among the given (A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason
conditions would happen after mixing of sewage are true and reason is the correct explanation of
into the river? assertion
(i) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of receiving (B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason
water body increases. is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(iii) Dissolved oxygen of receiving water body (C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
decreases.
(D) If both assertion and reason are false.
(iii) It will not cause mortality among fishes and
other aquatic creatures.

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BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS
25. Assertion : Inhabitants close to very busy airports
are likely to experience health hazards.
Reason : Sound level of jet aeroplanes usually
exceeds 160 dB.
26. Assertion : A suspended particulate matter (SPM)
is an important pollutant released by diesel vehicles.
Reason : Catalytic converters greatly reduce
pollution caused by automobiles.
27. Assertion : Methane component of green house
gases contributing to global warming is about 20
percent.
Reason : Introduction of multi-point fuel injection
engines in automobiles has decreased methane
content in the exhausts.
28. Assertion : Presently, the global atmosphere is
warming up.
Reason : The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer
has resulted in increase in ultraviolet radiations
reaching the earth.
29. Assertion : Deforestation is one main factor
contributing to global warming.
Reason : Besides CO2, two other gases methane
and CFCs are also included under green house gases.
30. Assertion : UV radiation causes photodissociation
of ozone into O2 and O, thus causing damage to the
stratospheric ozone layer.
Reason : Ozone hole is resulting in global warming
and climate change.
31. Assertion : The concentration of methane in the
atmosphere has more than doubled in the last 250
years.
Reason : Wetlands and rice fields are the major
sources of methane.
32. Assertion : In tropical rain forests, O-horizon and
A-horizon of soil profile are shallow and nutrient-
poor.
Reason : Excessive growth of micr-organisms in the
soil depletes its organic content.
33. Assertion : Chlorofluorocarbons are responsible for
ozone depletion.
Reason : Ozone level decreases by as much as 67%
every year.
34. Assertion : Excess of nitrates in drinking water are
harmful for infants.
Reason : Nitrates are responsible for blue baby
syndrome.
168
35. Assertion : Due to pollution atmospheric
concentration of CO2 is increasing which will be
relatively more harmful for C4 plants that C3 plants.
Reason : C4 plants have greater efficiency for CO2
as CO2 is fixed by PEP oxygenase.
36. Assertion : Algal blooms are formed in nutrient-
less water.
Reason : Algal blooms in water turn it unfit for human
consumption, but cause enormous growth of fish.
37. Assertion : Nitrogen is one of the most essential
elements of human body.
Reason : All types of prokaryotic organisms are able
to fix nitrogen.
38. Assertion : Presence of large amounts of nutrients
in water body causes excessive growth of planktonic
algae.
Reason : it is due to biomagnification.
39. A sewage treatment process, in which a part of
decomposer bacteria present in the wastes is recycled
into the starting of the process is called
(A) Cyclic treatment
(B) Activated sludge treatment
(C) Primary treatment
(D) Tertiary treatment
40. Green house effect is due to the presence of
(A) Ozone layer in the atmosphere
(B) Infrared light reaching the earth
(C) Moisture layer in the atmosphere
(D) CO2 layer in the atmosphere
41. The stratospheric ozone depletion leads to
(A) Global warming
(B) Increase in the incidence of skin cancers
(C) Forest fires
(D) All the above
42. Select the correct statement
Or
According to Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB), whihc particulate size in diameter (in
micrometers) of the air pollutants is responsible for
greatest harm to human heath
(A) Particulate matter of size 10m can create severe
damage to the lungs
(B) Particulate matter of size greater than 2.5m can
get trapped in lungs and cause problems
(C) Particulate matter of size less than 2.5m can
get trapped in lungs and cause problems
(D) None of the above
 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
43. Eutrophication of water bodies leading to killing of 51. Photochemical smog formed in congested
fishes is mainly due to non-availability of metropolitan cities mainly consists of
(A) Dissolved hydrogen (B) Dissolved oxygen (A) ozone, peroxyacyl nitrate and NOx
(C) Mineral salts (D) None fo these (B) smoke, peroxyacyl nitrate and SO2
44. Measuring Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a (C) hydrocarbons, SO2 and CO2
method used for (D) hydrocarbons, ozone and SOx
(A) Estimating the amount of organic matter in
sewage water 52. Plants do not get benefit from
(B) Working out the efficiency of oil driven (A) N2 in air (B) O2 in air
automobile engines (C) CO2 in air (D) O3 in air
(C) Measuring the activity of Saccharomyces
53. Assertion : Presence of large amounts of nutrients
cerevisae in producing curd on a commercial
in water body causes excessive growth of planktonic
scale
algae.
(D) Working out the efficiency of R.B.Cs. about
Reason : It is due to biomagnification.
their capacity to carry oxygen
(A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason
45. Green muffler is used against which type of pollution is the correct explanation of assertion
(A) Air (B) Water (C) Soil (D) Noise (B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason
is not the correct explanation of assertion
46. In almost all Indian metropolitan cities like Delhi,
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false
the major atmospheric pollutant(s) is/are
Or (D) If both assertion and reason are false
In a coal fired power plant electrostatis precipitators 54. Assertion : BOD of a river polluted by sewage is
are installed to control emission of more than 20 ppm.
(A) Suspended particulate matter (SPM) Reason : Polluted river contains excess of organic
(B) Oxides of sulphur matter.
(C) Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason
(D) Oxides of nitrogen is the correct explanation of assertion
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason
47. The noise produced in office is normally at the level
is not the correct explanation of assertion.
of
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false
(A) 20 db. (B) 30 db. (C) 40 db. (D) 60 db.
(D) If both assertion and reason are false
48. Nitrogen oxides produced from the emissionof 55. Which one of the following statement regarding
automobiles and power plants, are the source of BOD is true?
line air borne particles which lead to (A) The greater the BOD of waste water, more is its
(A) Photochemical smog (B) Dry acid deposition polluting potential.
(C) Industrial smog (D) Wet acid deposition (B) The greater the BOD of waste water, less is its
49. A river with an inflow of domestic sewage rich in polluting potential.
organic waste may result in (C) The lesser the BOD of waste water, more is its
(A) Drying of the lake very soon due to algal bloom polluting potential.
(B) An increase production of fish due to lot of (D) The lesser the BOD of waste water, less is its
nutrients polluting potential.
(C) Death of fish due to lack of oxygen 56. Euro II norms stipulate that sulphur be controlled
(D) Increased population of aquatic food web at _____ ppm in diesel and _____ ppm in petrol.
organisms
(A) 350; 150 (B) 150; 350
50. Minamata disease was caused due to the
consumption of (C) 350; 250 (D) 150; 250
(A) Sea food containing lot of cadmium 57. Assertion : Eutrophication shows increase in
(B) Fish contaminated with mercury productivity in water.
(C) Oysters with lot of pesticide Reason : With increasing eutrophication, the
(D) Sea food contaminated with selenium diversity of the phytoplankton increases.

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BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS

MOCK TEST
1. A scrubber in the exhaust of a chemical industry removes
(A) Nitrous oxide (B) Hydrogen sulphide (C) Carbon dioxide (D) Sulphur dioxide

2. Effect of pollution is observed first on

(A) Micro-organisms (B) Food crop (C) Green vegetation (D) Herbivores

3. Match column I with column II

Column - I Column - II
(P) Pollen grains (i) Photochemical smog
(Q) PAN (ii) Particulate pollution
(R) CO2 (iii) Global warming
(S) Cadmium (iv) Itai itai disease
(A) P - (ii) , Q - (i), R - (iii), S - (iv) (B) P - (iv) , Q - (ii), R - (i), S - (iii)
(C) P - (i) , Q - (ii), R - (iii), S - (iv) (D) P - (iii) , Q - (i), R - (ii), S - (iv)

4. Consider the following statements with respect to pollution.

(A) To control air pollution problems, by the end of 2002 all the buses of Delhi were converted to run on
unleaded petrol.
(B) Electrostatic precipitator can remove over 99% particulated matter present in the exhaust from a thermal
power plant.
(C) It is possible to estimate the amount of organic matter in sewage water by measuring BOD.
(A) A alone is correct (B) B alone is correct (C) C alone is correct (D) A and B are correct
(E) B and C are correct

5. Match the items of column I with column II and select the correct option.
Column - I Column - II
(A) Electrostatic (1) Removes gases like SO2
(B) Scrubber (2) Reduces automobile emission
(C) Catalytic converter (3) Removes particulate matter
(A) A - 2 , B - 3, C - 1 (B) A - 3 , B - 2, C - 1 (C) A - 1 , B - 2, C - 3 (D) A – 3, B – 1, C–2
(E) A–1, B–3, C–2

6. ‘Floc’ is ..........
(A) A mesh-like structure formed by the association of bacteria and fungal filaments in sewage treatment
(B) The primary sludge produced in sewage treatment
(C) The effulent in primary treatment tank obtained during sewage treatment
(D) A type of biofortified food

7. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) may not be a good index for pollution for water bodies receiving effluents from
(A) Domestic sewage (B) Dairy industry (C) Petroleum industry (D) Sugar industry

8. Find the correct order of biomagnification of DDT in an aquatic food chain

(A) Water (0.003 ppm), zooplankton (0.5 ppm), small fish (0.04 ppm), large fish (2 ppm), fish eating birds (25 ppm)
(B) Water (0.003 ppm), zooplankton (0.04 ppm), small fish (0.5 ppm), large fish (2 ppm), fish eating birds (25 ppm)
(C) Water (0.003 ppm), fish eating birds (25 ppm), zooplankton (0.5 ppm), small fish (0.04 ppm), large fish (2 ppm)
(D) Water (0.003 ppm), small fish (0.04 ppm), zooplankton (0.5 ppm), large fish (2 ppm), fish eating birds (25 ppm)
(E) Water (0.003 ppm), large fish (0.04 ppm), small fish (0.5 ppm), zooplankton (2 ppm), fish eating birds (25 ppm)

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 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
9. Minamata disease is caused due to contamination of
(A) Fish with mercury (B) Mustard oil with argemone oil
(C) Fish with DDT (D) None of the above

10. A lake near a village suffered heavy mortality of fishes within a few days. Consider the following reasons for this?
(A) Lots of urea and phosphate fertiliser were used in the crops in the vicinity
(B) The area was sprayed with DDT by an aircraft
(C) The lake water turned green and stinky
(D) Phytoplankton populations in the lake declined initially there by greatly reducing photosynthesis.
Which two of the above were the main causes of fish mortality in the lake ?
(A) A, C (B) A, B (C) B, C (D) C, D

11. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in a river water

(A) Has no relationship with concentration of oxygen in the water
(B) Gives a measure of Salmonella in the water
(C) Increases when sewage gets mixed with river water
(D) Remains unchanged when algal bloom occurs

12. Which one of the following statements is correct ?

(A) Both Azotobacter and Rhizonium fix atmospheric nitrogen in root nodules of plants
(B) Cyanobacteria such as Anabaena and Nostoc are important mobilisers of phosphate and for plant nutrition in
soil
(C) At present it is not possible to grow maize without chemical fertilisers
(D) Extensive use of chemical fertilisers may lead to eutrophication of nearby water bodies
(A) Anaerobic bacterial activity (B) Sludge digestion
(C) Filtration and sedimentation (D) Aerobic bacterial activity

13. Match the following and select the correct option

Column I Column II
(A) Emphysema (i) Increase in the concentration of non-biodegradable
substances in food chains
(B) ADA deficiency (ii) -1 antitrypsin
(C) Eutrophication (iii) Bone marrow transplantation
(D) Biomagnification (iv) Nutrient enrichment of a water body
(A) A - (iii) , B - (ii), C - (iv), D - (i) (B) A - (ii) , B - (iii), C - (iv), D - (i)
(C) A - (ii) , B - (iv), C - (i), D - (iii) (D) A - (iv) , B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (i)

14. The relative contribution of various greenhouse gases to total global warming is given in the following diagram :
D
C 6%
14%

20% 60% A
B

Identify the greenhouse gases :

(A) A = CFCs ; B = CO2 ; C = CH4 ; D = N2O (B) A = CO2 ; B = CH4 ; C = CFCs ; D = N2O
(C) A = CFCs ; B = CH4 ; C = CO2 ; D = N2O (D) A = CO2 ; B = CFCs ; C = CH4 ; D = N2O

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BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS
15. Increase in concentration of the toxicant at successive trophic levels is known as
(A) Biotransformation (B) Biogeochemical cycling
(C) Biomagnification (D) Biodeterioration
16. One greenhouse gas contributes 14% to total global warming and another contributes 6%. These are respectively
identified as
(A) N2O and CO2 (B) CFCs and N2O
(C) Methane and CO2 (D) Methane and CFCs
17. If there was no carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere, the temperature of the earth’s surface would be
(A) Less than the present level
(B) Same as the present level
(C) Dependent on the oxygen content in the atmosphere
(D) More than the present level
18. Montreal Protocol aims at
(A) biodiversity conservation (B) Control of water pollution
(C) Control of CO2 emission (D) Reduction of ozone depleting substances
19. Which of the following strategies is not a correct approach reduce the global warming ?
(A) Cutting down use of fossil fuel
(B) Improving efficiency of energy usage
(C) Reducing deforestation
(D) Cutting trees and increasing the growth of human population
(E) Reducing the emission of green house gases into the atmosphere
20. The Montreal Protocol (1987) refers to
(A) Presistent organic pollutants (B) Global warming and climatic changes
(C) Biosafety of genetically modified organisms (D) Controlling the emission of ozone depleting substances
(E) Controlling the radioactive wastes
21. Depletion of which gas in the atmosphere can lead to an increased incidence of skin cancers ?
(A) Ammonia (B) Methane (C) Nitrous oxide (D) Ozone
22. Match the environmental activist in Column I with the environmental issue in Column II and choose the right option
Column I Column II
(i) Ramesh Chandra agar (A) Conservation of forests
(ii) Ahmed Khan (B) Organic farming
(iii) Amrita Devi (C) Plastic waste recycling
(A) (i) - B, (ii) - C, (iii) - A (B) (i) - C, (ii) - A, (iii) - C
(C) (i) - A, (ii) - B, (iii) - C (D) (i) - B, (ii) - A, (iii) - C
(E) (i) - A, (ii) - C, (iii) - B
23. Ozone in stratosphere extends
(A) 10-20 km (B) 20-25 km (C) 15-30 km (D) 25-40 km
24. Chipko movement was first led by
(A) Sunderlal Bahuguna (B) Rajiv Gandhi (C) Ramdev Mishra (D) Indra gandhi
25. Who proved that blends of polyblend (plastic waste) and bitumen, when used to lay roads, enhanced the bitumen’s
water repellant properties and helped to increase road life ?
(A) Amrita Devi (B) Ramdeo Misra (C) W.H. Pearsall (D) Ramesh Chandra Dagan
(E) Ahmed Khan

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 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as :
(A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason in the correct explanation of assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(D) If both assertion and reason are false.

26. Assertion : An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a particulate collection device that removes dust and smoke
particles from flowing air using the force of an induced electrostatic charge.
Reason : An ESP is a highly efficient device as it removes 99 per cent of particulate matter present in the exhaust from
a thermal power plant.

27. Assertion : A brief exposure to extremely high sound level, 150dB or more generated by take off of a jet plan or
rocket, may damge ear drum or dislocate ear ossicles and permanently impair the hearing ability.
Reason : In India, the Air (prevention and control of pollution) Act came into force in 1981, but was amended in 1987
to include noise as an air pollutant.

28. Assertion : Bharat stage IV emission norms have been in place since April 2010, for 4 wheelers in 13 mega cities of
India.
Reason : Green muffler scheme refers to the plantation of trees and shrubs along roads sides and is effective to
control noise pollution only.

29. Assertion : Compressed natural gas (CNG) is natural gas under pressure and mainly composed of methane.
Reason : One of the advantages of using CNG as a fuel in automobiles is that it requires very less space for storage
as compared to that of petrol or diesel.
30. Assertion : Deforestation increases carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere.
Reason : Deforestation may lead to desertification generally.

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BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS

ANSWER KEY

EXERCISE - 1
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. D
14. D 15. B 16. D 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. E
27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. D
40. D 41. D 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. D 51. B 52. C
53. D 54. D 55. D 56. C 57. C 58. A 59. B 60. B 61. B 62. D 63. B 64. A 65. A
66. B 67. A 68. B 69. C 70. D

EXERCISE - 2
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. B
14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. D 22. C 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. B
27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A 36. D 37. B 38. B 39. B
40. A 41. B 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. B 49. D 50. D 51. A 52. C
53. D 54. A 55. C 56. D 57. C 58. B 59. D 60. B 61. B 62. D 63. D 64. B 65. D
66. C 67. C 68. B 69. C 70. D

EXERCISE - 3 : PART - 1
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. A

PART - 2
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. C 12. A 13. D
14. D
EXERCISE - 4 : PART - 1
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. D 13. B
14. B 15. C 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. A 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. A
27. A 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A
40. A 41. C 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. A 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. A 52. B
53. D 54. B 55. A

PART - 2
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. B
14. B 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. B
27. B 28. B 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. D 37. C 38. C 39. B
40. D 41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. C 48. A 49. C 50. B 51. A 52. D
53. C 54. A 55. A 56. A 57. B

MOCK TEST
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. (E) 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. B
14. B 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. D 20. D 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. E 26. B
27. B 28. C 29. C 30. B

174