I, Historical background

● The tradition of anti-intellectualism ( hate studying and working )

● Uniform
- 1960s-70s: abandoned uniforms
- now: favor uniform ( sign of status )
● Public school (not state school, private - expensive - many ministers
study here)
- a successful model of education
- build character for the ruling elite (ưu tú)
● Foreign language
- not good, except for a few specialists
- drop after 14 years old
● Little control
- no national material
- schools decide hours, holiday
-> create their own creature
● From 20thC: feel uncertain
- learn little
- lack 3Rs: Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic
- grade inflation ( increase )
- “spoilt brats” (trouble for the teacher )
According to a professor: children control the classroom, children
should not study hard - enjoy life
● large class size
● inequality: students from poor families can’t study
● shortage of teachers: after 2 years stop teaching
-> low salary and low status
Changes:
- Revise national curriculum
- Grading scheme: more scales
- Uni accepts disadvantaged students with poor exam results (bonus
for poor students)
- Teaching award: celebrate teaching heroes
- Attract foreign students: increase school budget, reputation
II, Education system

KS1-year 1, 2: SAT 1
KS2 - year 3-6: SAT 2
KS3 - year 7,8,9 : GCSE
KS4 - year 10,11: GCSE
College: A-level, GNVQ, BTEC
=> have the same function as uni, get qualifications only
University: Bachelor, Master, Doctorate => degree

A. EARLY YEARS EDUCATION

● Options for childcare
- state nursery schools
- primary schools
- private nurseries
● Entitlement
- 15 hrs / wk free
- 30hrs for working parents
 ● System for children with SEN (Special Educational Needs)
The government requires schools to identify student problems
● test at grade 5

B.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

● Compulsory
- Ulster: 4-16 years old
- Scotland 5-16
- England: 5-18 (2015)
● The National Curriculum
- 3 core subjects ( EL, Maths, Science )
- Foundation subject:

Types of schools:
● State schools (maintained schools): no fee
- Community schools: follow NC, run by LA
- Academies: freedom, run by Academy Trust
- Faith schools: follow NC + religious subjects
- Comprehensive schools: non-selected
- Grammar schools: selective
 ● Independent schools: charge fees, exempt from NC
- Public school
- Private school
● Home education

Terms
● Autumn term: Sept - Dec : term break in Oct (1wk) - Christmas
(2wks)
● Spring term: Jan - Easter: Easter holiday
● Summer term: Easter- July

GCSE
C. FURTHER EDUCATION
After getting GCSE
Find work
• Vocational Qualifications
● Academic Qualifications
=> Uni. entry

D. HIGHER EDUCATION
 ● Admission
- A Level
- Cambridge Pre-U
- Scottish Higher
- International Baccalaureate (IB)
● Fee
- England: > £9,000/ yr
- Wales: £3,900/yr
- Northern Ireland: £3,500/ yr
- Scotland: free
UCAS: connect people to University
Scotland: have a bad reputation

1. Undergraduate course
- Duration
- Bachelor's degree
- 3 to 6 yrs (1-yr sandwich course, gap year, placement year)
honors/ordinary
Foundation degrees
- 2 yrs
- top-up to a bachelor's degree
Majors
BA (Bachelor of Arts)
BSc (Bachelor of Science)
BEd (Bachelor of Education)
BEng (Bachelor of Engineering)
2. Postgraduate course
● Master's degree -Taught or Research: 1 or 2 yrs
- MA, MSc, MBA, Meng
- MPhil (Master of Philosophy)
- MRes (Master of Research)
 ● Doctoral degree: 3yrs
- PhD/ DPhil (Doctor of Philosophy)
=> research-based
- DBA (Doctor of Business Administration)
- Eng (Doctor of Engineering)
- EdD/D.Ed (Doctor of Education)
=>practice-based

III. EXAM BOARDS

Students can select the exam board

IV, TYPES OF UNIVERSITY

● Independent (private- vs public-cấp 2 quý tộc-danh tiếng) vs
state-funded
● ancient, red brick, and modern
● civic & campus
● open university