This report has been compiled in response to the field trip that was arranged by the Department

of Petroleum Engineering on ,July 2, 2022 under supervision of Eng.Siyar . This was a field trip
(summer internship) to Tawke oil field to observe the extraction and distribution and overall
process of petroleum.
Gas system (gas injection)
First gas is produced from gas wells in peshkabir (Qadia) and transported to CPF (central
processing facility) which is a part of upstream process. The CPF separates oil from gas, water,
sand, and other additives.
Before gas inters a sweeting process in Qadia the pressure of sour gas that comes from CPF is
4bar to 5bar and it inters into three compressors they called inlet compressor to increase
pressure of gas from 4-5bar to around 35-40 bar.
Then this gas will be transported to sweeting process to be changed from sour gas to sweet gas,
in this process they use lean amine, they insert lean amine in the top of the conductor and the
sour gas inters in the bottom of the conductor, in this tower we have trays the gas will flow to top
and lean amine will flow bottom, the lean amine will remove H2S and CO2 from sour gas, it will
become sweet gas and flow to the top, lean amine will become rich amine and flow down and
sent to regenerator unit to be converted back to fresh (lean amine).
The sweet gas comes out without H2S and CO2 but it’s still wet gas they must changed to dry
gas to prevent condensation of gas in pipes.
The sweet gas will inter into another unit called due point unit to remove water from wet gas by
using glycols and in winter sometimes use methanol to prevent freezing and plugging.
The gas come out from due point unit which is sweet and dry gas with pressure of about 35-
40bar and it will inter into compressors, they called export compressors which change pressure
from 35-40 bar to 60-70 bar this pressure is needed to transport gas from qadia PSK to TAWKE
The transported gas will come into a separator which is like a storage for our gas and from
separator some of this gas will goes to fuel heater to produce fuel gas. and the rest of gas will go
to compressors which called HP compressors they change pressure from 60-70 bar to 170-175
bar, and then this high-pressure gas will be transported into wells and will be injected.
The gas injection wells in TAWKE are T-22, T-24, T-26, T-41, T-43 now only they do injection
for 4 wells because one of them is standby because of drilling and workover.

Practical observation
Location A
The pressure of the inlet gas pipe line that comes from PSK to gas system in TAWKE is around
57-85 bar we seen it from pressure transmitter its nearly 58.25 bar, then this inlet gas enters the
separator and from the separator one line goes to flare to convert it to a fuel, and one line to
compressor to increase pressure then transferred to the injection wells. Some of this sweet gas
also go to heater.
From the flow meter the flow was between 21.1MMSCF to 21.200MMSCF
Location B
The gas line that comes from separator to heater has the same pressure to the inlet pressure from
PSK in summer the temperature of the gas is between 25-40C they need to change this
temperature to control the pressure, the heater increase this pressure to 64-70C and pressure was
increased only one bar , they have PCV(pressure control valve) on the outlet line from heater to
control gas pressure in pipeline they change pressure from 58bar to 8bar, also temperature
becomes 30-40C. Increasing temperature in heater is needed to reduce pressure by PCV without
any problems. If heater was not used at PCV temperature might have been reduced below 0C and
cause problems.

Location C
They have three types of compressors Alpha – Bravo – Charlie they have the same design but
Alpha is standby because Charlie and Bravo are enough for 21MMCSF.
When the gas comes from separator, we have SDV on suction line before inters to compressor.
the first stage scrubber inside compressor removes any liquid inside gas, and from scrubber to
suction bottle valve its only like a storage for gas, then to compressor heart (cylinder) by
decreasing gas volume, from there to discharge bottle valve first stage pressure in it is 120bar
and temperature is 65-70C. after that this gas inters a gas cooler, the aim of gas cooler is to
decease temperature from 65-70C to 45-50C.

then inter second stage scrubber again to remove liquids from gas, and to the suction bottle
valve second stage which the pressure of gas is 120bar and temperature is 40-50C, from there to
compressor cylinder to increase pressure to 158-175bar and increase temperature to 70-75C, then
to discharge bottle valve second stage its like a storage for gas, finally to gas cooler second stage
to decrease temperature again to 40-50C.
outlet of cooler to discharge of coalescer which has filter inside it to remove liquids comes from
cooler mixed with gas the from there to injection wells.
Air instrument (air nitrogen) comes from EPF it used to open and close valves, solid valve on
SDV can be open and close depend on pressure, every valve has their own set point.
Air instrument line to engine, in the line of flow gas comes from heater to gas coalescer the
liquids from gas is removed outlet of the flow gas from coalescer to engine site to let the
compressor work.
Regulator regulates pressure and temperature P from 8bar to 2.8bar and temperature to 25C, if its
high compressor will be tripped.
We seen compressor panel which give an operator the ability to turn the power on and off,
control and monitor the process. Compressor panel show suction pressure first and second also
flow of gas, current fuel gas pressure was 2.79bar and LOLO was 2, LO was 2.4
Two types of strainers are available T type and Y type which is filtration to avoid problems
while opening and closing valves.
Permit to work (PTW)
PTW system is a formal documented system (management system) used to control hazardous
work safely and risk assist, and to ensure that work is done efficiently and safely, including
nonroutine work.
PTW is the most important part, which is the first step to start your job.

Four types of save permit at DNO (two cold & two hot)
1. cold permit
 cold work permit
 cold work permit – breaking containment
2. hot permit
 hot work permit – spark potential
 hot work permit – naked flame
every four permits are the same for information and the only different thing between them are the
Title and Color, the permits are only applicable or its only used for one week after one week if
you didn’t complete your work you need to ask for a new permit 2 days before you start your
job. Each permit is categorized depending on the nature of the job and hazard.

1. Cold permit
cold permits are used to control work that doesn’t generate heat or spark or any source to be a
reason of fire.
 Cold work permit
Its only used for hand work tools that does not cause flame (example: chemical cleaning,
handling hazardous substances).
 Cold work permit – breaking containment
Its also cannot be used for fire purpose, its used for open and close valves, breaking any device
by hand only. Mechanical job to open up process.

2. Hot permit
 Hot work permit – spark potential
Any operation which produces spark or heat to cause ignition (such as: cutting, grinding, pipe
thawing, brazing.
 Hot work permit – naked flame
It’s used to control work that involve positive source of ignition, Include the job that is 100%
generate fire (examples: heater, oxygen cutting).
The permit to work must contain the following details
I will only mention the most important details that need a clarification.
Work permit NO., continuation NO., permit originator, company name, date permit required, duration.

1. Work description and equipment

Site/installation. Area/Worksite, Equipment/Tag NO. Hazardous Area Classification

2. Risk assessment level

Hazards (ex: confined space entry),
controls (ex: gas test required),
PPE Controls (ex: face protection).

3. Worksite supporting documents

 Supporting certificates
 CSE Certificate: it’s a certification for confined space entry and their duration is only 12
hours.
 Excavation Certificate.
 ICC: Isolation Configuration Certificate, which remove all sources of energy from
location before work start in both sections’ mechanic and electric.
 Radiography Certificate: 12 hours
 Supporting documents required
 Level 2 task risk assessment: identify risk and control.
 Method statement.
 MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet
 Sketches/ P& ID (process & instrument diagram)/ PFD (process flow diagram).

4. Site controller approval (SC)

5. Person responsible area (PRA)
6. Affected parties (signed by affected PRAS when work involves interface)
7. Issue (area authority)
8. Performing authority declaration
9. Permit to work coordinator
10.Worksite endorsement (reissue and return)
11.Cancellation by performing authority
12.Cancellation by area authority
13.Acceptance of equipment (completed by person responsible area (PRA))
14.Registry of permit cancellation