Kalacharithra

Kalacharithra
Our traditions, our festivals
Singaraju Krishna Kumari
Edition : Plava, Vaisakha (May 2021)
GEETA PRAKASHAN
Hyderabad - Lucknow - Delhi
4-2-771, Ramkoti X Road,Hyderabad - 1 (TS) INDIA
Cell : 98492 50784 E-Mail : geetaprakashan7@gmail.com

Dedicated to
our sages who built in all the knowledge and wisdom

gained over centuries through observation,
experimentation and calculations into various practices
and rituals observed during festivals;
and to
all our ancestors who passed them
on from one generation to another.
Kalacharithra - Our traditions, our festivals 2

Contents ...
1. CHAITRA MAASAM (March - April) ... 21
2. VAISAKHA MAASAM (April - May) ... 33
3. JYESHTA MAASAM (May - June) ... 44
4. AASHAADHA MAASAM (June - July) ... 50
5. SRAVANA MAASAM (July - August) ... 60
6. BHAADRAPADA MAASAM (August-September) ... 69
7. AASWEEYUJA MAASAM (September-October) ... 83
8. KARTHIKA MAASAM (October - November) ... 99
9. MAARGASIRA MAASAM (November-December) ... 115
10. PUSHYA MAASAM (December - January) ... 123
11. MAAGHA MAASAM (January - February) ... 133
12. PHAALGUNA MAASAM (February - March) ... 141

INTRODUCTION
Time, for our ancestors wasn’t a linear concept. It was cyclic.

The days, the fortnights, the months and the years repeated, just
like the moon waxed and waned, like the earth spun around itself
and around the Sun resulting in the cyclicity in tides, seasons,
crops, monsoon and the effects on human body and mind.
Our ancestors predicted the exact movements of the Moon,

Sun, stars and Earth by observation and complex calculations. The
ancient wisdom of our land developed a beautiful balance between
the nature, climate and traditions. The study of time and seasons
helped them understand the transformation of nature and climate
in a cyclic form. With their penance and experimentation with the
human body, meditation and spiritualty they understood the
requirements of the body, mind and soul; and with this they
amalgamated the knowledge they gained over centuries. This
amalgam was then carefully and seamlessly integrated with the
traditions and customs, eating habits, personal hygiene, health,
beauty, aesthetics, fun and frolic, relationships, festivities, vocations
and every other conceivable part of human life and human
interaction with nature.
As centuries after centuries rolled on, the Indian society

passed on the wisdom from generation to generation by embedding

it into these traditions, rituals and festivities -through word of mouth
and practicing as religious and household activities. Religion was
the anchor around which everything revolved.
However with the advent of the foreigners and the forceful

imposition of western culture on Indians, the threads that bind us
to nature and our roots – our culture and traditions are fast eroding.
The younger generations are losing their connect with our past in
their quest for the outward lustre of alien culture. The older
generations are not in a position to make them understand the
importance of our culture and the science behind our traditions.
This is a sad state of affairs wherein instead of spreading the
wisdom we inherited from our ancestors, we are unknowingly losing
it.
The author of the book, Smt. Krishna Kumari, our mother, is

an orator and writer who did a lot of study on our religion, culture,
traditions, festivals, astrology and the science behind our customs.
She frequently refers to them in her discourses, urging people to
understand our roots. One of her books on Indian concept of time
and our traditions and festivals which was first published in Telugu
some years back reflects her deep passion to help the younger
generations to realise the beauty of our ancient wisdom. It received
wide acclaim. Several requests were made that the book along
with her discourses made in the past should be compiled and
presented in English so that many more can read and reap benefits.
While the project of compilation of her discourses and work was
conceived a few years back, actual efforts began in 2017-18 with
strong push from a few friends and well-wishers. The person who
did the major part of compilation was Dr. M. Lakshmanacharyulu.
We are deeply indebted to them. The services of all those who
worked persistently in editing and refining the work are invaluable.
Special words of mention also go to Shri. Singaraju Mallikarjuna
Rao, our father for retrieving photographs of various festivities and
occasions from the family collection.

While the measure of time is day in modern solar based
reckoning, the Indian system of measurement is based on thithi.
There is no equivalent expression for thithi in English. So in this
work, we have referred to thithi as day. In technical terms, however,
a thithi is the time taken by the moon to increase its angular distance
from Sun by 12 degrees. It ranges from 21 hrs 34 minutes to 26
hours 6 minutes. The names of the thithis are as below.
Prathama or Padyami First day of the Fortnight
Dwitiya or Vidiya Second day
Thrithiya or Tadiya Third day
Chavithi or Chaturthi Fourth day
Panchami Fifth day
Shashti Sixth day
Saptami Seventh Day
Ashtami Eighth day
Navami Ninth day
Dasami Tenth day
Ekadasi Eleventh day
Dwaadasi Twelfth day
Thrayodasi Thirteenth day
Chaturdasi Fourteenth day
Pournami or Amaavaasya Full moon or
the new moon day
While months in Gregorian calendar are merely twelve

divisions of the solar year (365 days), in the Indian lunar calendar,
a maasa , or a month is the period between two successive
amavasyas (new moon days) or pournamis (full moon days). It is
the time taken for the Moon’s synodic revolution.

A maasa or a lunar month consists of two halves (Paksha) –
one is the fortnight of waxing Moon, while the other is the fortnight
of the waning Moon. The fortnight of waxing Moon is called “Suddha”
or “Sukla” paksha. The fortnight of waning Moon is called “Krishna”
or “Bahula”.
There are twelve months in the Indian lunar calendar. Name

of each month is based on the Nakshatra in which the full moon is
formed or co-located. There are two systems followed in India –
Pourimantha (Maasa ends with Pournami) and Amavasyaanth
(Maasa ends with Amavasya). In this work, the Amavasyanth
system is followed.
Name of the Month Nakshatra during Full Moon
(Maasa)
Chaitra Chitra
Vaisakha Visakha
Jyeshta Jyeshta
Aashaadha Purvashaada
or Uttaraashaadha
Sravana Sravana
Bhaadrapada Poorvabhaadra
or Uttarabhaadra
Aasweeyuja Aswini
Karthika Krutthika
Maargasira Mrugasira
Pushya Pushyami
Maagha Makha
Phaalguna Poorvaphalguni
or Uttaraphalguni
Twelve such Maasaas constitute an year or a “Samvatsara”.
Indian way of treating time is cyclic. Considering the antiquity of
our culture, our rishis thought it would make more sense to treat
time as cyclic rather than as a measure from a specific point. Time
was treated as a Chakra, a wheel. So there is a Samvatsara Chakra,
consisting of 60 years which repeat.
The 60 years as per Hindu Time calculation:
Prabhava, Vibhava, Shukla, Pramoda, Prajotpatti, Aangirasa,

Shriimukha Bhaava Yuva Dhaatu, Iishvara, Bahudhaanya, Pramaathi,
Vikrama, Vrisha, Chitrabhaanu, Svabhaanu, Taarana, Paarthiva,
Vyaya, Sarvajit, Sarvadhaarin, Virodhi, Vikrita, Khara, Nandana,
Vijaya, Jaya, Manmatha, Durmukha, Hevilambi, Vilambi, Vikaari,
Shaarvari, Plava, Shubhakrit, Shobhana, Krodhi, Vishvaavasu,
Paraabhava, Plavanga, Keelaka, Saumya, Saadhaarana, Virodhikrit,
Paridhaavi, Pramaadicha, Aananda, Raakshasa, Nala, Pingala,
Kaalayukti, Siddhaarthi, Raudra, Durmati, Dundubhi, Rudhirodgaari,
Raktaakshi, Krodhana, Akshaya
One samvatsara consists of two ayanas. Each ayana is spread

over six soura maasas. Each ayana signifies the sun’s direction.
Thus during Dakshinayana, Sun is moving south and during the
Uttarayana, Sun is moving north (apparent motion). Ayana can
also be understood as the perceived passage of Sun to the North
and South of the equator.
The festivals and customs are woven around the Time. Each
occasion repeats at precisely the same time of the year, coinciding
with the season for which the festivities and various aspects of life
prescribed for the occasion are meant for. The author brings out
the religious importance, science and reasons behind the various
activities, food habits etc prescribed for each occasion and festival
as a function of Time.
Compiling works of this nature and presenting in English has

its own set of difficulties. The depth of Indian Philosophy is

unparalleled and finding the right English word for many Telugu/
Sanskrit words is very difficult. We found while making our effort to
present the concepts in English, that there was no exact English
equivalent for even common words like Punya. At several places,
we had to use roundabout expressions to arrive at the intended
meaning of the author. Any clumsiness in anglicization may be
pardoned considering the intentions behind taking up this work. To
the extent possible, the photographs used in this book were taken
from the family and community celebrations of the author herself.
The intention behind this compilation is to provoke a thought

among our younger generations and inspire them to understand
the science and assimilation with nature that our ancestors carefully
built into the day-to-day activities, food habits, customs, traditions
and festivities which in turn have been envisaged as a function of
Time, Kaala. At one go, the young reader should get the idea about
various religious and social occasions – the customs and practices
prescribed for each occasion and the religious importance. The
present generation which lost its way on account of lack of
understanding of moral values and ideal way of life should be made
aware of Hindu customs and festivals and especially about essence
and value of time. The youth needs to be introduced to our customs
and traditions, only then can they give up the adopted foreign culture
and practices which are not in consonance with the requirements
of our country. For this, the elders need to involve the younger
generations in observing these festivals.
Ever since we were kids, we were in great awe of Smt.

Krishna Kumari, our mother and the author of this book for her
deep understanding of our culture and the practical aspects of our
traditions and festivals. With age, the awe grew into admiration
and a desire to take her thoughts and ideas to everyone. Her
discourses and works had always been thought provoking and the
audience would always easily identify themselves with the contents.
Her lucid style of writing and narration, especially in Telugu ensured

that the audience actively participated and sought to clarify their
doubts. This was possible only through her regular research into
various texts, Puranas and scriptures, their harmonious
interpretation and discussions with the learned.
We consider it our great fortune that being the children of

the author, we had been initiated into the world of Indian culture,
traditions, festivals and the Indian concept of time since a very
young age and had participated in most of the festivities described
in this book. We had seen our parents and elders perform the
religious and social activities in letter and spirit. We have also
been fortunate to have attended the discourses and read all the
works of our mother and to have seen the great reverence she is
given by all those who participate in the activities. She ensured all
her students also understand these concepts while she was a
teacher and principal. Even today, she is involved in organising
social and religious activities in our colony and temple giving a lot
of importance to the participation of younger generation.
Our effort would be well served if our younger generations

who read, write and think in English spend some time on this book
and discuss things which they don’t understand with their elders.
Lakkaraju Padmini
S.V.R. Chandra Sekhar

FOREWORD
Dr. T.H Chowdary

Chairman, Pragna Bharati,
Padma Shree Awardee
Fellow, Tata Consultancy Services
#8 P&T Colony, Kharkhana, Secunderabad – 500009
M: 9849067359
Email: tripuraneni1931@gmail.com
It is a privilege and pleasure to write this foreword to the book,

“Kalacharithra - Our traditions, our festivals” authored by so learned
and talented person as Smt. Singaraju Krishna Kumari, who besides
her scholarship in Bharat’s definitive sacred literature Upanishads,
Puranas, Itihasas, Kaavyas (elegies), Subhashitas, Satakas, Stotras,
actually lives the life expositioned in our Dharma Sastras.
2. Bharat is the only country and Bharatiyas are the only people in
the world who have the largest number of festivals, and that too
spaced throughout the year. These festivals are related to the
movement of our Sun and Moon and their positions in the
constellations in the firmament. Bharat’s sages long ago apprehend

the truth that time, Kaala is endless [Akshayah Kaala X: 33 BG]
and that creation and dissolution are cyclic.
Sarva bhootani prakritim yaanti maamikaam kulpatkshaye,
Punastaani kaalpaadau visriraamyahan - BG IX- 7
3. Among the created living beings of 8.4 million species on this

planet earth, humans are the most evolved, characterised by mind,
memory, emotion, discrimination (viveka), sense of right and wrong
(buddhi) and several feelings and desires, some benign and some
malicious (as described in the daivasura sampad vibhaga yoga (XVI
BG)). We humans are children of eternity (amritasya putraah –
Kathopanisha, not born with sin to be redeemed by baptism and
become Christians). Everything and being animate and inanimate
on this planet being the creation of God, have equal rights to exist
as we humans. Therefore, we have to be sarva bhoota hitehrataah,
live and conduct ourselves for lokasangrah, preservation of harmony
and creation (loka sangrah mevaapi sampasyan kartumarhasi III –
20 BG)
4. What should be our aspiration? Sarve santhuniramaya, sarve

pashyanthu bhadraani, maakaschit dukkha bhaagbhvaveth, sarve
bhadraani paschyanthu; krivanto vishwamaaryam; sahanaavavathu,
sahanau bhunaktu, sahaveeryam karavaavahe… Ahimsa
Paramodharmo, Dharmo rakshathi rakshitah, may all be sickness-
free, may all be secure, may none be infected with sorrow, may all
see safety, let us make everyone noble – may we protect ourselves
together, may we enjoy together, may we perform valorous deeds
together, may we not hate anyone, non-violence is supreme virtue,
Dharma protects those who protects and promote Dharma.
5. These are some of the virtuous thoughts and aspirations that

our inestimably sacred literature instils in us. The numerous festivals
spread through the year and the manner in which and the materials
with which and the aspirations and invocations in which they are
observed, the gods and goddesses to whom prayers and obeisance

are made are all in harmony with the heat and cold, humidity and
dryness, light and darkness, Children- boys and girls, men and
women, the stricken and the endowed, have a message through
the lives and deeds of the gods worshipped and invoked in the
festivals. They are observed individually and in company, in the
home and outside, spreading bhakti and joy, calling everyone to
lead a noble life, as part of nature, in the company of family and
many. Our festivals are the greatest wealth that our sages and
saints of yore have bequeathed to us, children of Bharat Mata. In
observance the festivals have acquired the flavour of the region
and even the community. This is characteristic of unity in diversity
of the mahavakya “ekam sat viprah bahudavadanti” - truth is one,
learned express in different ways.
6. Another uniqueness of Bharatiya Dharma is the honour and

esteem we bestow on woman in her general roles as mother, wife,
sister, daughter and master of the home. In Abrahamic religions –
Judaism, Christianity and Islam ( and Marxism as practised by
communists) there are no women as deities. Hindu Dharma abounds
in them – infact as Parasakthi, she is superior to all. By numerous
names and attributes, they are worshipped. Infact while in western
culture women are described as Mrs so and so, in Bharat every
God is denominated as the husband of so and so – Sita-Rama,
Radha-Krishna, Lakshmi-Narayan, Umapathi, Parvateesham.
7. Smt.Krishna Kumari with her profound knowledge of scriptures

and faith in Sanatana Dharma and Bharatiya Samskruthi and
Samprayadayas has described the characteristics of weather and
nature conditions in the twelve months of the year and described
83 festivals in the year, the maximum occurring in the Karthika
Maasam. Government of India gives holidays on some of these
festivals but the Bharatiya Naaris imbued with our Sanskritis
observe all the festivals and rituals as per sastras. Thus, are our
Dharma and Sanskriti preserved over the millennia.
8. Unfortunately, English medium education and Nehruvian

Secularism led to expulsion of stories from our epics and puranas
in the text books for school education, alienating the young from
Bharatiyata and Matru Desha Bhakti. What survived 600 years of
foreign Muslim rule and 200 years of British colonial rule is in peril
due to the pseudo secular, Dharma and Sanskrit – ignoring rule of
resident non-Indians (RNI’s). Smt. Krishna Kumari, the author has
been speaking and writing about the festivals, their physical, social
and importantly spiritual significance. Lest, the young who are
English medium educated do not get alienated from dharma,
Bharatiya Sanskriti and Sampradaya. Smt. Krishna Kumari’s detailed
description and explanation of the significance of the 83 festivals
spread over the 12 months of the year will serve our young and not
so young alike to realise what a happy and spiritual life our sages
and rishis laid before us.
9. I thank and congratulate and salute Smt. Krishna Kumari the

author and her son, Shri. Chandra Sekhar along with his team, who
dutifully and well rendered the Telugu narration into English.
May they live a hundred healthy, happy years.
Jai Shri Ram : Vandemataram
May this book be a valuable addition to everyone’s home

library.

PREFACE
Shri. Viswanath Pillutla

Educationist
Founder of T.I.M.E Pvt ltd
Mob: 9849542485
Sree Saraswathyai Namah
We Hindus – those who follow Sanathana Dharma – stand

apart from the rest of the world in terms of the number of festivals
we celebrate. While the festivals vary to some extent depending
on the region in the country, for most festivals, the basic underlying
idea behind them is the same across the country. There are a few
unique features about our festivals. They suit the season/time of
the year, they involve the family members, they have underlying
scientific concepts helping people maintain hygiene, follow good
diet, and keep good health.
However, over time, most of us have stopped observing and

celebrating many festivals. The reasons for it are not difficult to
see: diffidence that others make fun of us, our getting busy with
studies and employment, lack of knowledge passed on from earlier
generations due to the prevalence of nuclear families and so on.

In such a situation, it is imperative that action is taken to
see that people get to know about their festivals. Not only do they
need to know the list of festivals and when they are celebrated,
but also what is done during such celebrations and why each festival
is celebrated. This latter part is much more important in today’s
world when everyone would like to look at things in a rational
manner.
The works and discourses of Smt. Singaraju Krishna Kumari

fill0 this exact need. She wrote books and delivered many discourses
in Telugu covering in detail various aspects of our religion, traditions
and festivals celebrated for centuries in the Telugu land. Just listing
down the festivals and the dates can become boring for reading.
That is where the ability of the author comes in where she explains
why the festivals are celebrated and the benefits we get from
various festivals. Interweaving all the above, the book makes
interesting reading, at the same time, giving good knowledge of
our festivals.
As explained well by Smt. Krishna Kumari, all our festivals

have been conceptualised and put in place by our ancestors – call
them sages, rishis or whatever you want – who had a wealth of
knowledge and foresight. Those are people who always thought
of, worked for the good of the people without any selfishness. We
should all observe the festivals as explained in this book and benefit
from the same.
Now, her son, Sri S. V. R. Chandra Sekhar has come up with

the noble idea to translate her works into English which fills a
crucial gap of making such information being made available to
non-Telugu Indians and to Telugu people who might have settled
abroad (who may not be able to read Telugu). This book,
Kalacharithra, Our traditions, Our festivals has been written in simple
English so that the focus is on the substance rather than on the
language. Wherever required, giving English meaning of Sanskrit /
Telugu words used makes it easy for the readers to understand.

Overall, it a very good effort by Sri. Chandra Sekhar and his team
to bring the beautiful work of Smt. Krishna Kumari in English so
that many people will benefit from this. This book is to be read not
by just the youth of today but even by parents and grandparents to
get a good understanding of our festivals and explain the same to
their children and grandchildren.
I wish all the very best to Smt. Krishna Kumari and her son
Sri Chandra Sekhar. I wish they would write many more such
insightful books about our culture and to bring the vast knowledge
of ancient Indians to benefit the people of the country.

From the Author
Our elders say that we should never forget our Swadharma,

culture, customs and traditions wherever we go and whatever we
do.
Unfortunately, despite being brought up in our country, our

youth and even elders have remained ignorant of richness of our
culture, traditions and festivals including the importance of worship
and spirituality. With the modern education system not encouraging
the younger generation to imbibe the Indian culture and traditions,
youth is developing craze and attraction towards Western lifestyle
and culture. There is also an unfortunate lack of sources to
comprehend the greatness of our history, culture and spiritual legacy.
Thus the chances of understanding what our ancestors stood for
and the will to follow are dwindling by the day.
Our culture, traditions and festivals which are embedded in

spirituality, social and moral values and being praised and adopted
all over the world, are gradually fading away in India due to
ignorance of the essence and values of the festivals and auspicious
occasions. Over a period of time, these traditions may disappear
forever.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to teach our children and

younger generations, the meaning, essence and methods behind

observance of festivals which are reflections of our ancient culture
and traditions, our spirituality and moral and social value systems.
They are instruments to promote social harmony and unity and
integrity of the nation. Only then, the real interest and enthusiasm
will be developed in the young minds. Hence, there is a need to
disseminate this information.
I had this intention since long to make a humble attempt to

make a compilation of information for the benefit of younger
generation. Whenever I got the opportunity to write or speak about
Tiruppavai, Ramayan, our Puranas and festivals and travelogues, I
tried to incorporate such information to the extent possible, but
couldn’t do so to my satisfaction. This is a God-sent opportunity to
me that this compilation of my works and discourses is being
translated in English which many of our youngsters are comfortable
reading and understanding.
I sincerely thank all those who contributed to ensure that

this compilation which I authored for the benefit of entire society
in general and youth in particular sees the light of the day. It is
also a matter of pride for me that my children whom I have made
part in every social and religious activity at home and community
gatherings have imbibed the values of our culture and have made
themselves instruments in this effort to reach out to the younger
generations. My blessings to them.
Krnvantho Viswamaaryam.
Singaraju Krishna Kumari

CHAITRA MAASAM (March-April)
‘Chaitram’ is the first of the twelve months of Indian Lunar

Calendar. It is that month when the Moon joins ‘Chitra’ Star on full
moon day. As the Star ‘Chitra’ is associated with Kuja graha (Mars),
Chaitra is also known as Kuja month.
The season of
Spring with melodious
singing by cuckoos
commences from this
Chaitra month. This
month is part of
“Vasantha Rutu or
season”. The trees and
plants which shed their
leaves and stood lifeless during ‘Sisira Rutu’, (equivalent of winter)

start developing shoots and start to grow slowly during this time.
The nature looks enchanting with newly acquired greenery and is
at its best. One can see liveliness, energy, happiness and enthusiasm
everywhere.
With the blooming and budding of trees in this month of

Chaitra, all types of birds make their nests on these trees and sing
happily filling all living beings with life, vitality, activity, beauty and
CHAITRA MAASAM (March-April) 20

joy. The birds which migrated elsewhere unable to survive the
harshness of Sisira rutu (winter season) come back and build nests
on the now green trees to lead a happy life. Thus Chaitra fills all
living beings with life, energy, happiness and beauty. Our new year
commences from the first day of ‘Chaitram’ which is Chaitra Suddha
Padyami and the day is called UGADI in the Telugu states and
Karnataka, the first festival in the year. Elsewhere in the country, it
is variously called Gudi Padwa, Cheti Chand etc
Ugadi is not merely the beginning of a new year, it is also the

day when the creation of this Mahakalpa commenced. Therefore,
Ugadi is also known as ‘ Yugaadi’ or ‘ Kalpaadi ’. We can find
transformation in the nature from Ugadi onwards. The Chaitra is a
sacred and auspicious month, full of changes to nature and weather
which are helpful to the wellbeing of all living beings.
On the day of Ugadi, at Brahmi Muhurtham i.e, 4 am before

dawn, one should rise up and decorate the house and front
courtyards with Rangoli (ornamental patterns drawn on ground),
toranaalu (festoon of mango leaves) strung across the entrance
and pasupu-kumkuma (turmeric and Vermillion). Elders say that
the abhyangana snaanam (bath from head to toe) taken at the

Brahmi muhurtham on this day, will remove all misfortunes and
bring us happiness and prosperity and save us from troubles and
calamities.
After wearing new clothes, God is worshipped and offered

“Ugadi pacchadi” or Chutney prepared especially on the festival
day and later taken by all with due reverence as prasadam or
blessings of God.
“Ugadi Chutney”
prepared on this day is a
special preparation. All the
ingredients of this chutney
are fresh and newly grown
in this season. It is
prepared with ingredients
of six tastes; neem flowers
(bitter), tender mango
fruit (acrid), newly ripe
tamarind (sour), jaggery
(sweet), a pinch of salt (salty) and cumin powder (spicy). This

chutney which is prepared with six different tastes has medicinal
value and is believed to increase our life span. There is a great
message in this preparation that one has to face all kinds of
situations, good or bad with equanimity in the journey of life.
The Shastras explain the goodness of ingredients of this Ugadi

chutney in this way:
“Nimba arogyam nayatheeti, gudam gudathi rakshatheethi
Lavanam lunaati vaatam jaadyavaa zeerakaha jeeryathe

annamanenethi
Sahasravedhi (tamrind) sahasra rogaan vidyathe ithi
Sahakaara sahakaarayathi melayathi sthree pumsaa vithi”
Everyone must visit temple on the evening of Ugadi for

listening to Panchanga, the description of events that are likely to
happen during the new year commencing from the Ugadi day by
Pandits and Brahmans. The pandits narrate the gist of Panchangam
in general and specific incidents in particular alongwith Gochara-
phala, the movements of planets in the different signs of Zodiac of
individuals.
The word
“ Panchangam ”
means five parts.
The five parts or
characteristics
are, ‘ Thithi’
(lunar date i.e,
date reckoned by
the Moon’s phases) Vaara (week), Nakshatra (27th part of ecleptic
or a group of stars which are part of a constellation), Yoga (a
benefic state that exists at any given time) and Karanam (half of
thithi).
Each of these five parts have Adhistana Devataas or Presiding

Deities whose blessings one gets on reading or listening to
Panchangam on this auspicious day. Knowledge of thithi blesses
one with wealth, knowledge of vaara gives one a long life, that of
nakshatra cures one of all sins, knowing Yoga gives relief from all
diseases and knowledge of Karana gives success in any effort.
Whatever task we take up on this day of Ugadi, gets

completed successfully. That is the reason why our ancestors started
the good practice of commencing development programmes for
the benefit of society in general and in the interest of poor in
particular on this day. Among these good activities, philanthropic
acts or deeds of charity are important. Our ancestors also decided
the types of such deeds of charity as per the needs of people
arising out of climatic changes which take place in Chaitram.

The intensity of heat of Sun which starts from Radhasaptami
of Maagha maasam, increases significantly from Ugadi. Our elders
suggested to donate or offer water, umbrellas, footwear and water
pots during this season to quench the thirst and reduce the strain
on passers-by and to help the needy. Chalivendrams (water camps
organised during hot weather wherein water, or butter milk is
offered to public) are set up from Ugadi. Water is made available
to travellers in pots, for cattle in large containers and in small
earthen pots for birds etc. Providing water to the needy living beings
is not only a good deed but also our social responsibility. Our elders
mixed good deeds and social responsibilities with religious functions
in the interest of entire mankind. They also made it obligatory to
continue such charities and water camps from Chaitram to
Aashaadham i.e, till the end of hot summer.
Vasantha Navaraathri
The Vasantha (Spring) Navaraatraas (9 nights) are observed

from Chaitra Suddha Padyami to Chaitra Suddha Navami. During
this time, various spiritual, cultural and literary programmes are
conducted in a grand manner under palm leaf pandals in every
street and every village.
Siva Dolotsavam and Sowbhaagya Gowri Vratam are

performed on Chaitra Suddha Tadiya. It is believed that one who
worships Lord Parameswara and Parvathi with damanam (small
leaves with pleasant smell) on this day will be blessed with desired
results. Ganapathi is also worshipped on this Chaitra Suddha
Chavithi with Damanam.
Chaitra Suddha Navami
A significant feature of Vasantha Navaraatri is celebration of

birth and Kalyanam (Marriage) of Maryada Purushotham Sri Ram,
an ideal and favourite God of Hindus. There is a remarkable relation

between the life of Sri Ram and Vasanth Navratris of Chaitram.
This is the day on which Sri Maha Vishnu descended on this earth
as son of Kaushalya and Dasaratha in Tretha-yuga. On Chaitra
Suddha Panchami, King Dasaradha intended to coronate Sri Ram
as king of Ayodhya. However, due to unforeseen circumstances,
the same could not take place. Sri Ram left for vana-vaas or life in
forest along with his consort Sita and brother Lakshmana. He

arrived at hermitage of Bharadwaja, a great sage and from there
he started living as a forest dweller. During 14th year of his Vana-
vaasa, he killed Ravana, the demon King on Phaalguna Amaavasya
(New Moon day of Phaalguna month). On the ‘Chaitra Suddha
Tadiya’, Rama’s consort Sita stepped into the pyre and was brought
back by Agni, the God of fire. On Chaitra Suddha Chavithi (4th day
of Chaitra), Rama started from Lanka with Sita and Lakshmana
and arrived at the hermitage of sage Bharadwaja on Chaitra Suddha
Panchami. After giving up his matted hair (jata) and fibre clothes
(naara vastras) in Nandigram on Shashti (sixth day of Chaitra), he
returned to Ayodhya on “Chaitra Suddha Saptami”. His coronation
took place on Chaitra Suddha Navami (ninth day of Chaitra) on his
birth thithi.
As per Ramayana, the marriage of Rama and Sita took place

on full moon day of Phaalguna, Karkataka lagna with Uttara
nakshatra in the year named Sowmya. Paancharaatra agama
Siddhantam says:-
“Yasyaavatara samaye tasya kalyaana maachareth"
It means marriage day ceremony should be conducted on

the same day as the birthday for Avatara Purushas like Sri Rama.
Accordingly, it has become a practice to celebrate Sita - Rama
Kalyanam in Abhijit lagna with Punarvasu nakshatra on Chaitra
Suddha Navami. This Abhijit lagna (auspicious time for a religious
ceremony) is beneficial to the world, prevents all types of harms
and evils and causes good.
Sri Panchami
Chaitra Suddha Panchami is also called as “Sri Panchami”.
Worshipping Goddess Sri Mahalakshmi who is the mother of all
wealth gives us both wealth and success. For Naga-aradhana
(worshipping Naagaas/Snakes), thithi Panchami and more so,
Chaitra Suddha Panchami is the best.

Anantham Vaasukim Sesham cha Padmanabham cha Kambalam
Sankhapaalam Dhrutarashtram Takshakam Kaaleeyam Karkotakam
Padmam Mahapadmam tadhaa dwaadasa naamaanicha

naagaanamcha
Mahaatmaanaam- saayamkaale patthenityam pratah kaale

viseshathaha
Tasmin vishabhayam naasthi sarvatra vijayee bhaveth
This Sloka is very powerful. Chanting it while offering cow

milk to Naga Devataas (Snake Gods) brings health and prosperity
to women. This will also ward off any harm or evil to children and
women and is especially beneficial for the reproductive health of
women.
Chaitra Suddha Panchami is also called as Shalihotraya

Panchami. Shalihotra was a sage and author of Aswa-shasthra
(Hippology)
Sri Subramanyeswara Swami is worshipped with damanam

leaves (a type of fragrant leaves) on Chaitra Suddha Shashti.
Chaitra Suddha Ashtami (8th day of Chaitra) is called

as Bhavani Ashtami, i.e the day on which Bhavani Devi descended
to earth to bless the devotees.
Chaitra Suddha Dasami (10th day of Chaitra) is called

as Dharmaraja Dasami, when Dharmaraja is worshipped with
damanam leaves;
Chaitra Suddha Ekadasi (11th day of Chaitra) is known

as Kaamadaikadasi;
Chaitra Suddha Dwaadasi (12th day of Chaitra) is

known as Vaaman Dwadasi;
Chaitra Suddha Trayodasi (13th day of Chaitra) is called

as Ananga Trayodasi or Madana Trayodasi;

Chaitra Suddha Chaturdasi is called as Saiva Chaturdasi.
On this day, Siva is worshipped with damanam leaves and hence it
is also known as Damanaka Chaturdasi.
Chaitra Suddha Poornima (full moon day of Chaitra)

Chaitra Suddha Poornima is a very auspicious day. Performing
meditation, prayers, adorations etc., at Brahmi muhurtham on this
day gives very good results. According to Shastras, one who
organises Kalyanam (marriage ceremony) of Siva-Parvathi on this
day gets blessed with children who’ll bring fame to the lineage. As
our elders say, Dasaratha, king of Ayodhya, performed Putra
Kameshti Yagna on Chaitra Poornima and also performed Kalyanam
of Siva and Parvathi. He was blessed with a noble son and ideal
personality like Sri Rama, on the next Chaitra Suddha Navami.
Hanuma-Jayanthi is also celebrated on Chaitra Suddha

Poornima. Chitra Gupta Vratam is also performed on this day as an
age-old tradition. It is believed that those performing this Vratam
will not be punished by Yama, God of Death. There is a temple of
Chitra Gupta in Kanchi, a well-known pilgrim centre in South.

Chaitra Bahula Tadiya (3rd day of second half of Chaitra)
Bhagawan Vishnu killed Somakasura in the form of Fish
(Matsya-avathaara) to protect the Vedas on this auspicious day.
The Matsya-avatara is the

first incarnation among
the 10 incarnations of
Vishnu. From a scientific
point of view, origin of
living beings started from
aquatic creatures. Chaitra
Suddha Tadiya is also
called ‘ Manvaadi’ as
Vyvaswatha Manvantaram
commenced on this day.
Chaitra Suddha Trayodasi

is also ‘Varaaha Jayanthi’. On
this day, Vishnu incarnated
himself as ‘Varaaha’, a wild boar
to save the earth. He freed the
Earth from the clutches of
Hiranyaksha who submerged
the Earth in the depths of the
ocean and then killed him.
The uniqueness of
Chaitra Maasa is that Jayanthi
(birth anniversary) of three of
Vishnu’s Dasa - avathaaras are
celebrated in this month:
1) Sri Rama Jayanthi on Chaitra Suddha Navami

2) Matsya-avatara Jayanthi on Chaitra Sukla Tritiya
3) Varaaha Jayanthi on Chaitra Bahula Trayodasi
Lord Sri Krishna, describing his glory in Gita, declared that

He is akin to the ‘Spring’ in all seasons (“ Ruthoonaam
Kusumaakaraha”). So unique and special is this ‘Spring’ ( Rutu
Vasanta). The Spring begins from Chaitram.
“Vasanthi Sukham Yadhaa Tadhaa Asminnati Vasantaha”
During this season, people are generally happy and pleasant.

Hence it is called as “Vasantha Kaalam” and also as “Madhu
Maasam”.
Our great poets from Maharishi Vaalmiki to the present age

have described the “Spring Month” i.e, Vasantha Ruthu in many
beautiful verses. One can experience soul stirring and mesmerising
beauty of nature with blooming of the trees and plants, melodious
singing of cuckoos, enchanting fragrance of jasmines and greenery
everywhere. Persons born in this Month are said to be blessed
with special traits as those of Chaitram.
“ Chaithri Madhura bhaashi Swaadahamkaara Sukhaanvitaha”
Our scriptures say that both men and women born in Chaitra
tend to be soft spoken and learned.
The Sun moves in Mesha Raasi (Aries) in the month of

Chaitram. Therefore, it is named as ‘Mesha Maasa’ (Month). The
Mesha is prime place of Ravi (Sun) and therefore auspicious to
those who are born in Sun stars i.e, Krutthika, Uttarashaada,
Uttaraabhaadra or in Mesha Raasi. The 4th Raasi in horoscope
becomes ‘Abhijit lagna’ to those in whose Janma raasi, Ravi is
present. Karkaatakam is fourth Raasi for persons of Mesha Raasi.
On account of this, the ‘SITA RAMA KALYANAM’ (Marriage ceremony
of Sita & Rama) is conducted in Karkaataka lagnam with Punarvasu
Nakshatara on Navami thithi.

In this manner, Chaitra, being the first among the Dwaadasa
Maasaas (twelve months), brings enlightenment, excitement and
happiness to people, adds beauty to nature, brings enthusiasm
and Shadruchulu (six different tastes) with Ugadi-chutney on Ugadi
and taste of fresh paanakam (jaggery syrup) on the divine event of
Kalyanam of Sri Rama.

VAISAKHA MAASAM (April - May)
Chaitra and Vaisakha months are part of Vasanta Ruthu

(Spring). ‘Vaisakha’ is the month when the moon is co-located
with Visakha Nakshatra on full moon day. Visakha Nakshatra is
associated with Bruhaspati, Planet Jupiter and hence it is called
Bruhaspathi Maasam. It is the second month of Lunar calendar.
Another name of Vaisakha is ‘Madhava Maasam’. It is a

favourite month of Vishnu. It is also called as ‘Vrushabha Maasam’
since Ravi (the Sun) stays in Vrushabha Raasi (Taurus) during this
period. This month spreads not only the fragrance of jasmine but
also spiritual fragrance. This month is auspicious for taking a dip in
Sea, River, Pond, Lake and all forms of water bodies. Since this is a
Vishnu Maasa, it is considered beneficial to wake up early in the
morning, take holy bath while chanting the names of Vishnu, worship
and offer prayers to Surya, the Sun God. This not only gives punya,
but is also believed to improve health and increase life span.
The Banyan tree, considered a form of Vishnu, is worshipped

during this month by offering water in the early hours, chanting
the names of Vishnu and taking pradakshina (circum-ambulation)
around the tree. This is believed to give happiness and help in
attainment of higher realms for the souls of ancestors.
VAISAKHA MAASAM (April - May) 32

Vaisakha Suddha Tadiya: (Third day of Vaisakha)
Two of the ten Incarnations of Vishnu arrived on this earth in
the Vaisakha Maasa/Madhava Maasa. The sixth avatara of Vishnu,
Parasurama whose purpose was eliminating the arrogant
Kshathriya rulers and save the world, descended on earth on this
day as the son of Maharishi Jamadagni and Renuka. His weapon
was Parasu (Axe). He journeyed around the world 21 times over
and did great service to people by making it bereft of evil rulers.
Incarnation of Balarama also happened on this day.
This Vaisakha ‘Suddha Tadiya’ is called as “Akshaya

Trutheeya” and is a very auspicious day. “Akshaya Trutheeya” is
considered as first day of Thretha-yuga. Even a few minutes of
meditation on this auspicious day will give punya that will last
forever. Hence, it is called Akshaya Thrutheeya. Worshipping Sri
Maha Vishnu by applying sandal paste will bring blessings. On this
Akshaya Thrutheeya, the Sandal paste applied earlier on Sri Yajna
Varaaha Lakshmi Narasimha Swami idol is removed in Simhachalam
(in Andhra Pradesh) and fresh Sandal paste is applied.

Vaisakha Suddha Panchami (Fifth day of Vaisakha)
Vaisakha Suddha Panchami has a special spiritual significance.
Adi Sankaracharya, the incarnation of Siva himself, who propounded
the Advaitha Philosophy and Ramanuja, the incarnation of Adi Sesha
and a great devotee of Vishnu, who propounded Vishishtadvaitha
Philosophy, were both born on this very sacred day. It is the divine
design of God that two of the world’s foremost Gurus were born in
the month of Brihaspathi, the guru of Gods.
Adi Sankaracharya was born at a time when Vaidik Dharma

(Path shown by Vedas) was at its lowest ebb due to onslaught of
atheistic and fatalistic religions like that of Charvaka etc. It was
Sankaracharya who revitalised Vaidik Dharma and resurrected the
right methods of worship by travelling length and breadth of the
country. He was born in Kaladi of Kerala in 5th Century B.C. to
Aryamba and Shivaguru. He accomplished many a great thing in
his short life which cannot be accomplished by others even in
thousand lives. Adi Sankara lived only for 32 years but did
tremendous service to Vaidikdharma.
Sankara, at the age

of 8 years had mastered
Vedas, Vedangaas,
Scriptures, Epics etc. and
became ‘Acharya’ in his
Gurukul. He later became
the student of Govinda
Bhagawatpada, a great
Acharya and adopted
sanyas asrama at a very
young age. He travelled
length and breadth of
Himalayas and through his
logical and analytical skills
of argument and

knowledge defeated the Buddhists, atheists etc. and re-established
Vedic Dharma. He introduced uniform way of worship and authored
a number of Sthothras and Ashtakaas on various Gods and
Goddesses.
It is said that he went to Kailash and brought five

Chandramouleswara Lingaas to earth as blessings of Siva and got
them installed and consecrated at Kanchi, Chidambaram, Puri,
Kedarnath and Nepal respectively. Four Mutts were established in
four corners of our Country with an intention to protect and
propagate Hindu Dharma, develop Sanskrit language and establish
Vedic Schools. The practices in worship propagated by him are still
in vogue throughout India from Kanyakumari to Himalayas thereby
uniting India spiritually. Such a great soul is “Na bhootho, na
bhavishyati” i.e, has no equal in past, nor would be in future.
Shri Ramanuja, born on Vaisakha Suddha Panchami, is the

human form of Adisesha, the serpent king in service of
Srimannarayana. He conceptualised and propagated Visishtadvaita
Philosophy. Sri Ramanuja was born with a purpose of propagating
Vaishnavism and establishing the fact that Vishnu is the Supreme
God. He condemned any discrimination in the worship of God on

the grounds of caste, class and creed, declared that all are eligible
to worship the God and receive his blessings. At a time when the
country was mired in controversy as to whether the idol at Tirumala
was of Siva, Vishnu, some Goddess or Subramanyeswara, Sri
Ramanuja proved with evidence from Vedas and other scriptures
that idol is of none other than Vishnu in the form of Sri
Venkateswara. Since then, devotees started worshipping Him as
Sri Venkateswara Swami, another form of Sri Mahavishnu.
Vaisakha Suddha Shashti: (Sixth day of Vaisakha)

Sri Thyagaraja
Swami, a renowned
classical musician and a
great devotee of Sri Rama
was born on this
auspicious day i.e Vaisakha
Suddha Shashti, on 4th May
1767. He was born in
‘Tiruvaaroor’ of Tamilnadu
to Kaakarla Rama
Brahmam and Sitamma.
He inherited Musical
and singing skills, devotion
to Rama, proficiency of
Sanskrit language from his
ancestors. He is an
incarnation of Mahrishi
Valmiki, who wrote
Ramayana in 24,000 slokas. Shri Thyagaraja also penned 24,000
Kirtans (devotional songs) which depict the glory and virtues of
Sri Rama. He was gifted two rare books ‘Swararnavam and
Naaradeeyam’ directly by Devarshi Narada. He also got ‘Rama
Mantra Upadesam’ from Shri Rama Krishna Yateendra, chanted Sri

Rama Mantra 96 crore times and had the great fortune of the
darshan of Sri Rama.
Thyagaraja commenced his musical journey at the age of 6

with a Sanskrit devotional song “Namo Namo Raghavaaya Anisam”
and continued uninterrupted till the age of 80 years. He believed
that worshipping Rama and being in proximity with Him are the
real wealth and led a very simple life by seeking alms and gifted
the world, the invaluable treasure of music.
This Shashti is also called as ‘Bhaanu Shashti’ as it is very

suitable for worshipping Sun.
Vaisakha Suddha Saptami (Seventh day of Vaisakha)
The sacred River Ganga got a rebirth on this day i.e, Vaisakha
Suddha Saptami. On account of sincere efforts of King Bhagiratha,
the Ganga which originated at the feet of Vishnu descended on to
the head of Siva, then on to the Himalayas and reached the earth.
While flowing, Ganga inundated the ashram of Jahnu Maharshi.
Angered by this, Maharshi Jahnu drank up all the waters of Ganga.
Later, due to prayers of Bhagiratha, he let out the river through his
ears. Thereafter, this day, Vaishakha Suddha Saptami came to be
known as the day of rebirth or reappearance of Mother Ganga on
this day, the river is worshipped. Ganga acquired the name of
Jahnavi as daughter of Maharshi ‘Jahnu’. Taking a holy dip in Ganga
on this day is believed to provide devotees with immense prosperity
and punya. Donating copper containers filled with holy water of
River Ganga to Brahmins while saying Sri Parameswara
preetyardham gangodaka kumbha Daanokta phalavyaptyardam
braahmanaaya Udakumbha daanam karishye and chanting the
mantra
Yesha dharmaghato datto Brahma Vishnu Sivatmakaha
Asya pradaanaatmakalaa mama santu manoradha

gives one, health and wealth and ensures salvation to ancestors.
Shri Vidyaranya Swami, saviour of Sanatana Dharma who

with his great power of penance did yeomen service to our country
was also born on this auspicious day. He had protected our Dharma
from invasions of foreigners. He was the leading light in the
establishment of the kingdom of Vijayanagara by Harihara Raya
and Bukka Raya which went on to become the scourge of the
Muslim invaders. He wrote commentary on Vedas. He also authored
a book called “Sankara Vijayam”, a biography on Adi Sankaracharya
and revealed several important facts of his life to the world. Sri
Vidyaranya Swami is a classic example of our sages and Sadgurus
who besides teaching also had a vision to protect our nation.
Vaisakha Suddha Ekadasi (11th day of Vaisakha)
Both Suddha Ekadasi and Bahula Ekadasi in Vaisakha are

very dear to Vishnu. It gives great benefits to all those who worship
Vishnu with Tulasi and sandal throughout this month. Those who
cannot worship all through the month can worship Bhagwan Vishnu

on the two Ekadasis in the month with Vishnu Sahasranaam-archana
and tulsi (basil leaves) and get the same benefits.
Vaisakha Suddha Chaturdasi (14th day of Vaisakha)
This is the sacred day when Shri Maha Vishnu incarnated

himself as “Nrusimha” (Half-lion and Half-man). In order to save
Prahlada, a small kid and his devotee, Vishnu in the avatar of
Nrusimha killed Hiranyakashipu, who was not only creating problems
to all living beings with his wickedness but was also preventing his
son Prahlada from worshipping Vishnu. Prahlada was a small kid
but a staunch devotee of Bhagwan Vishnu. The incarnation of
Narasimha is an evidence to prove that the Paramatma, the super
soul is very receptive to pure devotion and obeys his devotees who
sincerely pray Him.
Prahlada had faith

that Vishnu is
omnipresent and
honouring this belief of
his devotee, Vishnu, the
ever compassionate,
appeared in a pillar at
the time of sunset to kill
Hiranyakashipu.
Therefore, the
worshipping of
Narasimha on this day
at sunset through
Shodashopacharas (16
ways of service /
honours), sandal bath
etc. is said to fulfil all the
wishes of devotees.

Vaisakha Suddha Poornima: (Full moon of Vaisakha)
Vaisakha Suddha Poornima is a very auspicious day blessed

with abundant divine powers. It is also known as Maha Vaisakhi.
Taking a holy dip in an ocean or a river, performing meditation,
penance and charity on this day gives one all the desired positive
results. It is an act of
punya to offer butter
milk or water to
thirsty people on this
day. Similarly,
worshipping Maha
Vishnu and performing
Satyanarayana
Swamy vratam on this
day is very beneficial.
This Poornima is also known as Buddha Poornima as Lord Buddha,
was born on this auspicious day.
The first song writer (Vaaggeyakara) of early Telugu and

also incarnation of ‘Nandana’, the sword of Vishnu, Shri Tallapaka
Annamacharya was also born on this day.
Annamayya, a great devotee

of Shri Venkateswara penned
about 32000 devotional
keerthanas or songs mostly
on Sri Venkateswara and
some on the glory of Krishna,
Rama, Siva, Narasimha etc.
These keerthanas or songs
give valuable information
about various Sevas
(services), Kalyaanam ,
Brahmotsavams etc
performed in Tirumala.

Pictures of contemporary society and life style of people are also
reflected in his melodious songs.
Vaisakha Bahula Dasami: (10 th day of second half of

Vaisakha)
Hanuman, a great
devotee of Sri Rama and an
incarnation of Rudra, was born
to Anjana Devi, as a result of
her penance on this auspicious
day. He was born on Saturday
in Poorvabhaadra Nakshatra.
Anjanaadri, one of the sacred
seven hills of Srinivasa
(Tirupathi), is the birth place
of Hanuman. Hanuman is
worshipped with
Shodasopachara poojas using
sindhura paste, offering
abhishekam, worshipping with
betel leaves while chanting
Ashtotthara, Sahasranaamas
and offering bananas. This kind of worship gives good benefits and
helps us to get rid of all kinds of worries of evil powers and Graha-
doshaas. Importantly, it helps to get rid of evil effects caused by
the position of Saturn in horoscope.
Vaisakha Amaavasya (New Moon day of Vaisakha)
Vaisakha Amaavasya that falls on Thursday is very special.

Worshipping Subramanya Swamy, son of Siva who was born in
Visakha Nakshatra is very beneficial.
This month is also called as Brihaspathi Maasa which washes

away all sins and gives benefits and good fortune. Wedlocks that
take place in this month run successfully. The love and affection

between life partners remains forever. It is said that as Vaisakha
month approaches, all sins vanish from this world and all virtues,
merits, purities enter our realms. Hence, the incarnations of God,
births of great souls, meritorious acts, sacrifices, rituals and vratas
etc. took place in large numbers during this month.
Those born in this month tend to be truthful, sincere, polite,

possess good qualities and are ardently devoted to God. Their
character and conduct is appreciated by one and all. These persons
will be honoured and respected for their scholarly skills and
knowledge. They are generally affectionate, show respect, treat
everyone equally and discharge their responsibilities with devotion
and dedication.
No other month has more divine connection than Vaisakha.

The Sun moves in Vrishabha Raasi (Taurus) in Vaisakham and hence
it is also known as Vrishabha Maasam.

JYESHTA MAASAM (May - June)
The lunar month in which the full moon is co-located with

Jyeshta nakshatra is called as Jyeshta Maasa. ‘Jyeshta’ belongs to
‘Budha’ (Mercury) of Nava-grahas (9 planets). As Ravi (Sun) moves
in Mithuna Raasi in Jyestha maasa, it is also known as Mithuna
Maasam . The months of Jyeshta and Aashaadha constitute
Greeshma Ruthu (summer season). As per Gregorian calendar,
this month is in June – July. It is the third of the twelve lunar
months. During this season, it is extremely hot.
Rambha vratam is performed on Jyeshta Tadiya (3rd day of

the month), Savitri Devi is worshipped under Banana tree after
decorating with Rangoli.
Jyeshta Suddha Dasami (10th day of first half of the month)

is called as ‘Dasa Paapahara Dasami’. Taking a dip in Ganga river
on this day is considered auspicious.
Jyeshta Suddha Ekadasi (11th day of Jyeshta maasa)
This Ekadasi is called Nirjala Ekadasi. Worshipping Vishnu

by fasting without taking water except for aachamanam (purification
ritual) gives one all the happiness on earth and heaven and is
equal to the result of observing Vrat on all Ekadasis for one complete
year.
Jyeshta Suddha Dwaadasi
The river Ganga having

originated at the feet of Vishnu
came down from sky into the locks
(jata) of Siva from where she
flowed to Himalayas and then to
earth on this auspicious day of
Jyeshta Suddha Dwaadasi. On this
auspicious day, worshipping Ganga
after taking holy dip in the river at
Dasaaswamedh Ghat in Kasi and
offering puja with turmeric (Haldi),
Kumkum, Dakshina and diya is considered very beneficial. People
who are not able to travel to Kasi, can take a dip in any river, pond,
lake or take headbath at home early in the morning while chanting
the following mantra;
Nandini Nalini Seetha Maalini Cha Mahaapagaa
Vishnu Paadabja Sambhutha Ganga Tripatha-gaamini
Bhaagheerathi Bhagavathi Jahnavi Thridaleswari
By chanting the dwaadasa naamas of Ganga (twelve names

of Ganga) and having bath envisaging Ganga in the water used for
bath will enable us to get rid of sins. Those who observe Nirjala
Ekadasi on the previous day will have no dearth of divine blessings
if they donate a bowlful of water mixed with sugar before ‘Paarana’
on this Dwaadasi. Those who can afford may donate gold which
will be more beneficial.
This ‘Jyeshta Suddha Dwaadasi’ carries another importance.

It was the day when Jagadguru Aadi Sankara left for Kailasa, the
abode of Siva. On this auspicious and historic day, he had a darshan
of Siva and Goddess Parvathi. On this day, the five ‘Aatma Lingams’
which were presented to Adi Sankara through Siva’s own hands
and Soundaryalahari which Siva composed Himself in eulogy of
JYESHTA MAASAM (May - June) 44

Goddess Parvathi were brought by Adi Sankara to earth and
consecrated in Mutts at Kanchi, Puri, Chidambaram, Nepal and
Kedar. These aatmalingams are being worshipped daily by the
respective Peetadhipathis to this day making our country, a blessed
and sacred land.
Jyeshta Suddha Dwaadasi is also known as Rama Lakshmana

Dwaadasi.
Jyeshta Suddha Thrayodasi (13rd day of Jyeshta)
This is a festive day which can be inscribed with golden

letters in the history of India. This is the day on which the ‘Hindu
Samrajya Sthapana’ or establishment of Hindu Samrajya was begun
by Sivaji in 17th century after uniting the Hindus all over the country.
This was the day on which Sivaji was coronated as Chatrapathi
and ascended the throne at Raigad, getting rid of the yolk of foreign
rule. Though this incident happened in the 17th century, it carries a
permanent message that unity of people alone can lead to a nation’s

development and security. That Divine Power assists those who
strive for Swadharma and national unity and security is proved by
the incident where Jaganmatha Bhavani Herself blesses Sivaji and
gives him a sword (chandrahaas) to achieve victories.

Sivaji’s mother Jijabai taught Sivaji stories from Ramayana,
Mahabharatha and Puranas sowing seeds of Swadharma, Swajaathi
and Swadeshi sentiments in him since childhood. She was
instrumental in his efforts to create Hindu Samrajya in later stages
of his life and on this auspicious day, all mothers should remember
Jijabai and take an oath that they will bring up their children
ingraining in them feelings of patriotism and service to nation.
Jyeshta Suddha Poornima (Full moon of Jyeshta)
Jyeshta Suddha Poornima is also known as “Maha Jyeshti’.

Married women perform Vata Savitri Vratham on this auspicious
day for the long life of their husbands.
As per scriptures, donating umbrella and sandals to the needy

on this full moon day would ensure health, wealth and salvation.
Vaamana Puraana says donating a pot filled with water along with
sandals and hand fan fetches divine blessings of Vaamana
Bhagawan, the incarnation of Vishnu. By donating sesame seeds,
one gets the same result which comes by performing Aswamedha
yaaga. Keeping in view the prevailing weather and needs of people,
long ago, our sages have prescribed different types of charitable
acts viz., offerings, donations, rituals, philanthropic activities to be

performed in that season. The reason behind donating umbrellas,
sandals and water pots is the scorching heat of summer.
‘Eruvaaka Poornima’ is another name of Jyeshta Suddha

Poornima. Since ancient times, agriculture being the main
occupation of our country, it is our tradition to start any activity
relating to agriculture duly considering the auspicious hours and to
perform Bhoomipooja and Pasupooja (worshipping the land and
cattle) for profitable yield. This was also explained in Rigveda.
Since Vedic times, there is a practice of ploughing the field before
sprinkling the seeds on Jyeshta Poornima. ‘Eruvaaka’ means
‘ploughing the field’. Therefore, Jyeshta Poornima is the festival of
farmers. This festival is called as Udvushabha Yajna in Northern
part of India. On this day, both the land and oxen are worshipped.
The ploughs are cleaned and adorned with turmeric, Kumkum and
flowers.
In the evening, all the farmers go in processions along with

ploughs on their shoulders and adorned oxen for ploughing the
field. By doing this, it is believed that yields would be very high and

the country will prosper. Unfortunately, due to modern technological
methods, our age-old customs like ‘Eruvaaka Poornima’ are fading
away. It would be better to some extent if we teach our children
about the culture and traditional values of rural life.
Jyeshta Bahula Ekadasi is also called as ‘Yoginyaikaadasi’.
During the Greeshma Ruthu which consists of Jyeshta and

Aashaadha Maasa, the moisture in the air decreases and there is a
rise in temperature. Heat waves and dust storms are common in
this season. Fire accidents are also common. In Greeshma, water
from lakes and rivers evaporates due to hot Sun. Mother earth is
searing due to intense heat. All life craves and yearns for rain.
Farmer’s eyes are stuck towards the skies to pick any sighting of
any rain bearing clouds.
The Rohini kaarthe (the 13.5 days when Sun is with Rohini
Nakshatra) with unbearable and intolerable heat starts either at
the end of Vaisakha or in the beginning of Jyeshta. However, due
to extreme heat, the disease-causing organisms die and thereby
reduce the incidence of diseases. People are generally healthy.
There is no stagnant dirty water and surroundings are clean.
Thus, Jyeshta Maasam flourishes with events of spiritual and

historical importance.

AASHAADHA MAASAM (June - July)
Aashaadha Maasam is the fourth month in the Hindu Calendar

and the second month in Greeshma rutu (summer season). The
full moon occurs in Poorva/Uttaraashaadha Nakshatra during this
month. These two nakshatras are associated with two different
planets. Poorvashaadha is associated with Sukra (Venus) and
Uttarashaadha or Uttara is associated with Ravi (Sun). If Aashaadha
Poornima occurs in Poorvashadha, it is a great providence. This
time is very auspicious and is called as Siva Sayanotsavam. It is
auspicious to perform archana or abhishekam of Siva and recite
Siva Sahasranaamam (thousand names of Siva) on this day.
Aashaadha Suddha Vidiya (2nd day of Aashaadha)
Bhagawan Vishnu is fond of this very auspicious day.

Jagannath Ratha Yatra (Chariot procession of Lord Jagannatha)
at Puri in Orissa which is held on this day is very famous. Puri is
considered as one of the seven cities of salvation (Sapta Moksha
Puraas).
Sri Jagannadha Swami, Sri Balarama Swami and their sister

Subhadra are taken out in a grand procession which is a pleasure
to watch. Watching this world famous Ratha Yatra is an act of

great punya. Puri is described as Purushottama Kshetra in our
scriptures.
Aashaadha Suddha Dasami - Maha Lakshmi Vratam
(10th day of Aashaadha)
Sri Maha Lakshmi is the Goddess of prosperity and wealth.

The benevolence of Maha Lakshmi confers one with health, longevity
and worthy progeny. Performing Sri Maha Lakshmi Vratam bestows
one with Her benevolence. Sri Maha Lakshmi dwells in those houses
where there is cleanliness, neatness, devotion and faith. In other
words, one who leads a pious life and surrenders oneself in devotion
will be blessed by Her. On this day, the lady of the house has to
wake up early, clean the house and front yard and decorate with
Rangavalli (colourful designs on floor). The door, doorsteps and
thresholds should be decorated with turmeric, vermillion and mango
leaves. All such vratas and decorations are nothing but good
customs and traditions contemplated by our elders so as to enrich
our houses with the radiance of Goddess Lakshmi.
AASHAADHA MAASAM (June - July) 50

After decorating the house, Goddess Sri Maha Lakshmi is to
be invoked by means of vedic mantras in a kalasam, followed by
16-fold worship and offering of milk and rice (ksheerannam). One’s
devotion and dedication (Bhakti and Shraddha) alone are
parameters for Her grace.
Aashaadha Suddha Ekadasi (11th day of Aashaadha)
It is a very auspicious day. It has two names i.e; tholi ekadasi

(first ekadasi) and Sayana-ekadasi. Among 24 Ekadasis of the year,
this is the most revered. On Aashaadha Suddha Ekadasi, Sri Hari
along with Maha Lakshmi starts His divine slumber or Yoga nidra
on a bed of the king of Serpents, Adishesha in the ocean of milk.
The Lord then wakes up on Karthika Suddha Ekadasi, Therefore,
this Aashaadha Suddha Ekadasi is also known as Sayana Ekadasi
and Karthika Suddha Ekadasi is known as Uthaana Ekadasi. The
period of four months between these two Ekadasis is called
Chathurmaasyam. Performing sacred deeds (snana, daana, japa,
thapa etc.) during these months with discipline and devotion

constitutes the Chaturmaasya Vratam.
Jaggery, oil, fried food, water melon, pumpkin, snakegourd,

white sesame seeds, sugar cane and honey should not be consumed.
One should consume food after offering to Vishnu as His prasadam.
Time should be spent in worshipping Vishnu by singing devotional
songs, satsang (spending time with the learned) and listening to
religious discourses. Human life is to be spent in the way our
ancestors have propounded and followed- with discipline, dharma
and morality and that is the only solution against strifes, conflicts
and mutual hatred that plague humanity.
On this day, warkaris (pilgrims) from many villages across
Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka, Gujarat who on foot travelled

for two months at a stretch converge at Vithoba (Vitthal, or Krishna)
mandir in Pandharpur, Maharashtra for their annual Pilgrimage
(Wari). While walking from their villages to Pandharpur, the Warkaris
follow strict moral and spiritual code of conduct. The saints
Gyaneshwar, Tukaram etc taught universal brotherhood and equality
of every human irrespective of caste, creed, religion, gender and
age. They taught that every living and non-living being is a form of
Vithoba Himself. In the same philosophy, the warkaris follow the
same route every year singing bhajans, abhangs (devotional songs

in praise of Vithal), taking care of fellow warkaris and consuming
only that much which is needed for survival. Conglomerations of
warkaris are called Dindis. All through the route, the local residents
arrange for the stay and other requirements of the Warkaris in a
selfless manner. The padukas (footwear) of saints Tukaram and
Gyaneshwar are carried in a palanquin from Dehu and Alandi
respectively. On Aashaadha Suddha Ekadasi, the Warkaris who
reached Pandharpur take a bath in the Chandrabhaga river and
complete a pradakshina of the village and have darshan of Vitthal.
At afternoon time, the idols of Vitthal and Rukmini with Radha are
taken out in procession on the streets of Pandharpur.
These festivities continue upto Aashaadha Pournami after

which the Warkaris return home. This tradition is coming down
from generation since hundreds of years. Such events have created
a sense of unity and service along with discipline among Hindus
and need to be passed on to the next generations.

Aashaadha Poornima: (Full moon of Aashaadha)
Aashaadha Poornima is called as “Mahaashaadi”. This is also

known as Guru Poornima. It is the birthday of Veda Vyasa, a
manifestation of Srimannarayana Himself. There is no equivalent
to the place of Guru in our Indian Culture. It is the knowledge and
scientific temper which has helped mankind to evolve from darkness
of ignorance to a stage where he could travel to moon. The roots
of development of his intellect, his intelligence and wisdom lie in
education. Guru imparts us this education.
Gu sabda standhakaarasyaath
Ru sabda stannirodhakaha
‘Gu’ means darkness and ‘Ru’ means the light that dispels
this darkness. Guru is the one who removes the darkness of ignorance
and helps attain the illumination of knowledge. Parents give birth
to children whereas Guru plays an important role in shaping their

character and future by imparting education, making their life
purposeful and helping them live in this world with moral values
and respect. There is nothing that is impossible for a student who
pleases his Guru with good behaviour, character and conduct, proper
education and moral values.
Such Guru tradition

started with Sage Veda Vyasa.
Our ancient culture got nurtured
and strengthened because of
him. He categorised the Vedas
into four and propagated the
Vedic knowledge worldwide
through his disciples. He
compiled 18 puraanaas and
wrote Mahabharata also known
as Panchama Veda (Fifth Veda).
He also formulated Brahma
sutras. It is our duty to
remember such a great soul on this auspicious day. We should pay

respect and regard to our own Gurus on this auspicious day by
treating them as Veda Vyasa himself.
Yathis, Sanyaasis (monks), all the heads of Peethas and sages

commence their Chathurmaasa Deeksha on this day and continue
it upto Karthika Suddha Poornima. They stay in one place during
this Deeksha for the four-month period.
When the full moon occurs in Poorvashaada nakshatra at

sunset, it is a great yoga, a highly powerful and auspicious time. It
is the sayanotsava of the Mahadeva. On such an important day,
Rudrabhishekam, archana have to be performed to attain punya
and blessing of the great Lord. The Sun enters into Karkaataka
Raasi (Cancer) in Aashaadham. The Dakshinaayana (apparent
Southward movement of Sun) starts from the day this happens.

When Ravi (Sun) enters in Capricorn (Makara) in the month of
Pushya, Uttaraayana (apparent Northward movement of Sun)
commences and ends when Sun enters in Karkataka raasi (Cancer).
This apparent change of direction of Sun’s movement results in
climatic change. Cool climate descends with decrease in heat.
The sky is overcast with rain bearing clouds followed by rains and
one can see greenery everywhere. However, disease causing
organisms increase. Even water gets contaminated and diseases
spread. Therefore, our elders imposed some restrictions on food
and lifestyle during these four months as part of Chaturmaasa
Deeksha.
Aashaadha Bahula Panchami – (5th day of second half of

Aashaadha)
This day is Nagapanchami. Worshipping snakes is a long-

standing tradition in our country. Visiting Subramanya Kshetra on
this auspicious day does a lot of good. Chanting Sarpa-sooktam
and reading Subramanya Stuthi are remedies to rectify santhaana
dosha (having no children).
Aashaadha Bahula Eakadasi is also known as

Kaamadaikaadasi.
Aashaadha Maasam Bonalu
There are some festivals peculiar to Telangana, a state known

for spirituality and adherence to traditions. One of them involves
the festivities during the month of Aasweeyuja, called Brathukamma
Samburaalu and the other involves festivities in the month of
Aashaadha, called Bonalu. Both are a form of veneration of Goddess
Durga. While the month of Aasweeyuja is known for manifestation
of Parasakti in various Yugas for slaying the evil forces, month of
Aashaadha is known for Her manifestation as Roga-Parvatha-
dambholi and Mrutyu-daaru- Kuthaarika to free mankind of disease
and calamity and fill the Earth with life. Therefore, in these two
months, Parasakti is worshipped throughout the country, especially
in the two Telugu states. In Telangana, people believe that the
Goddess goes to Her parents place. Therefore they visit the temples
of Pochamma, Ellamma, Maisamma, Peddamma, Ankaalamma,
Poleramma, Maaremma etc and offer “Bonaalu” to the Goddess
with devotion, love and affection that they have towards their own
daughter.
This festival is celebrated on Sundays of Aashaadha. Women

wake up early in the morning, clean their houses, decorate doors
and thresholds with mango and neem leaves, and adorn their front
yards with Rangoli. Then wearing colourful saris, they cook rice in
a new pot, put another pot on that containing “paanakam” (jaggery

mixed with water and other spices) and on top of this pot, light up
a lamp called “Bonam Jyothi”. Then they go to temples and pray
the Goddess to accept their offering, Bonam, to protect every one
from disease and fatalities, to ensure timely rains and plentiful
crops and to bless them with happiness in life. In the twin cities of
Hyderabad these festivities are widely celebrated. Starting with
Jagadamba temple in Golkonda, these festivities reach crescendo
in Secunderabad Mahankali temple and culminate in Lal Darwaza
Simhavahini temple. Telangana Govt has declared these festivities
as State festival.
A thick, black cloud out on the peak of a mountain on the

first day of Aashaadha month, inspired Kalidasa, the great Sanskrit
poet to write the maha kavya ‘Meghasandesha’. He started this
kavya (elegy) with the sentence ‘Aashaadhasya Prathama Divase’
(On the first day of Aashaadha).
Aashaadha is truly a reflection of the beauty of nature.

SRAVANA MAASAM (July - August)
The lunar month in which the full moon is with Sravana

nakshatra is called Sravana Maasam. This is the fifth month of
Hindu Calendar. Sravana Nakshatra is associated with moon who
is the most beneficial among Navagrahas. Sravana Maasam which
is the month of the Moon, brings good to all living beings. Spirituality,
enjoyment and enthusiasm are abundantly found in this month
when most of the festivals, vratas and religious activities start.
- This Month is very special for married women and newly-wed

brides. All Tuesdays of this month are observed as ‘Mangala Gowri’
vratam and Fridays of this month are observed as “Varalakshmi
vratam”.
- Sravana Mondays are very dear to Siva and Goddess Parvathi.

These days are more suitable and fruitful than Sivaratri and even
Karthika Somavarams (Mondays of Karthika month) for obtaining
the grace of the Mahadeva.
- Rakshabandhan to brothers on Sravana Poornima
- New Yagnopaveeta dhaaranam (wearing of new sacred thread),

Chanting Gayatri Mantra
- Sravana Bahula Ashtami which is Krishnashtami
- Shani is fond of Sravana Saturdays.

Thus Sravana Maasam is truly the favourite month of all
Gods.
“sravantyasmin meghaa iti Sravanah”
This month is called as Sravana as there is plenty of rain.
The word ‘Sravanam’ not only is the name of a Star but also
means ‘Veda’. It also means an ‘ear’ and ‘listening’. Vedas are learnt
by listening. ‘Sruti’ means Veda. The month Sravana is auspicious
for initiation of Veda Vidya or the study of Vedas.
All the houses glitter with turmeric and Kumkum, green mango
leaves and glory of Lakshmi, the Goddess of wealth. Every house
becomes an abode of ‘Lakshmi’ with happy children playing around,
married women who are treated as Lakshmi and the newly wed
girls duly dressed up and adorned with ornaments, visiting each
other.
Sravana Mangalavaarams (Tuesdays)
Mothers get their newly-wed daughters to commence

Mangala Gowri Vratam. The idea behind this is prosperity and long
happy life with husband and children. This is performed continuously
for five years. Even after completion of Vratam, women perform
Mangala Gowri puja with Sri Lalitha Sahasranama parayana
throughout their life and offer turmeric, Kumkum and fruits with
Tamboolam to married ladies treating them as Goddess Gowri. Sri
Lalitha Sahasranama chanting is considered equal to reciting Vedas.
Sravana Sukravaarams (Fridays)
Goddess Sri Maha Lakshmi is very fond of Sravana maasam.

Moreover, She is specifically fond of Fridays. It is a tradition to
perform Vara Lakshmi vratam on Friday that comes before Full
Moon day (Poornima) in this Maasa. Newly-wed women are made
to perform this vratam in the first year of their marriage.
SRAVANA MAASAM (July- August) 60
Our scriptures say that one ‘Charumathi’, resident of ‘Kundina’
city had a dream in which Goddess Maha Lakshmi appeared and
asked her to worship Her on Friday which occurs prior to full moon
day of Sravana. She obeyed her and worshipped accordingly. As a
result, she was blessed with children and all material wealth. Since
then worshipping Goddess Lakshmi with great devotion and
dedication during Varalakshmi Vratam became popular with women.
A day before Varalakshmi vratam, the house is cleaned

thoroughly and decorated. After invoking Goddess Sri Vara Lakshmi
in a kalasam (Sacred bowl), women worship Her with sixteen
methods as per Sri Suktam wearing a sacred thoram (band) made
with nine threads with nine knots on the left wrist. The story of
Maha Lakshmi is told and sacred rice grains (Akshatalu) are put on
head after puja. This Vratam (adoration) brings all material riches
and blesses a woman with prosperity and longevity of husband.
Sravana Mondays are very dear to both Siva and Mother

Parvathi. The word ‘Soma’ is also interpreted as ‘Sa-Uma’ meaning
“Siva with Uma”. Rudrabhishekam performed on Sravana Mondays
would ensure blessings from Siva.

Sani (Saturn) is fond of Sravana Saturdays. One should
perform Tailabhishekam (Oil bath) and Archana to Sani in Navagraha
Temples. Offering black cloth to Sani (Saturn) Deva and chanting
his 108 names (Ashttottara Satha-nama) and offering sesame
powder mixed with rice along with jaggery on Saturdays is good.
Reading of Sani stotra

written by Dasaratha and
listening to the accounts of Sani
granting blessings to devotees
reduce the ill effects of Sani’s
position in horoscope, pacify
Sani and reduce his malefic
intensity. People who are in the
phase of “Sani-Mahadasa” and
“Saade-Saati” (the 7.5 years of
malefic position of Saturn in
one’s horoscope) will be able to
reduce the resultant ill effects
by worshipping Sani on Sravana
Saturdays. Both the Sravana
Ekadasis are most suitable to worship Vishnu. One has to worship

Vishnu with Sahasranama (thousand names), Purushasukta and
Narayana Sukta while observing fast and consume the prasadam
offered to Vishnu to break the fast on the next day with total
devotion.
Naga Panchami or Garuda Panchami
In some places, Sravana Suddha Panchami is celebrated as

“Naga Panchami” and snakes are worshipped on this day by offering
milk. Some celebrate the birthday of Garuthmantha (the king of
birds) on this day as Garuda Panchami. Kaadraveyas (children of
Kadruva) and Garutman (Son of Vinatha) though brothers but
having great mutual animosity are worshipped on the same day.

Garuda Panchami Vratam is performed by women praying for the
welfare of their brothers. Worshipping Garuda washes away our
sins.
On Sravana Suddha Shashti, worshipping Siva by offering

Dal and Rice and consuming it as prasaadam bestows good health.
‘Aasaa Dasami’ is another name of Sravana Suddha

Dasami as it fulfils all desires. On this occasion, worshipping Siva
is very beneficial.
Sravana Suddha Ekadasi (11th day of first fortnight) is

known as ‘Putraikadasi’
Sravana Suddha Dwaadasi (12th day of first fortnight) is

also called as Damodara Dwaadasi.
Sravana Poornima
Sravana Poornima is day replete with divine powers. All the

adorations, prayers, meditation done on this day etc, yield
immediate and desired results. Chanting Vedamatha Gayatri mantra
brings good fortune. It is the most favourable time to commence
study of Vedas.

On the day of initiation into Brahmacharya (Upanayanam or
thread ceremony), “Mounji” (the skin of deer) is tied to the sacred
thread (Yagnopaveetham or Janeu) of the Brahmachari (for whom
this thread ceremony is being performed). From that day onwards,
the Brahmacharis start Sandhyopasana thrice a day. On Sravana
Pournami, the Mounji is removed and the study of Vedas
commences.
Gruhasthas i.e, married people and Brahmacharis give up

their old Yagnopaveetham after conducting Upakarma and wear
new sacred Yagnopaveetham (Janeu or Jandhyam). Hence, it is
known as Jandhyaala Pournami.
Sravana Pournami is also known as “Rakhi Pournami”. This

Rakhi bandhan or Raksha bandhan is a symbolic expression of the
beauty of brother-sister relation. This festival reflects the bonding
and affection of brothers and sisters in Indian families throughout
life. On this day, sisters tie Raksha (band) around the wrist of
brothers after applying tilak with chandan on their foreheads.
It is our belief that a girl child is none other than Sri Maha
Lakshmi (Goddess of Wealth) and the source of energy in the family
(Sakti-swaroopini). This custom of observing Raksha bandhan came

into existence based on
the belief that the girl
conveys the divine
protection, energy and
good wishes to her
parental family, especially
to brothers.
In the modern
world, relations, love and
affections are fast fading
away. Therefore, the
younger generation needs to be taught the significance of
observance of festivals which include many good customs and also
act as binding force.
It is also the day of manifestation of Hayagreeva, the God of

wisdom. Hayagreeva is a manifestation of Sri Maha Vishnu.
Worshipping Hayagreeva and donating books and pens on this day
is beneficial.
Sravana Bahula Ashtami (8th day of Second half of

Sravana)

This is the day on which Bhagawan Vishnu was born to Devaki
Devi and Vasudeva in his incarnation as Krishna. Krishna’s avatar
is a complete avatar which came into existence in Rohini Nakshatra
in the midnight of Sravana Bahula Ashtami. It is the best time to
worship Krishna in our pursuit of salvation. One has to worship
Krishna on the night of Ashtami with Shodasopachaaram (sixteen
types of services) and applying sandal powder on the statue of
Krishna after garlanding with Tulasi maala and offering milk, ghee,
curd etc. The footsteps of little Krishna are drawn from the
threshold of the house to the puja room symbolising the arrival of
Krishna into the house.
Sri Krishna is known as Neelamegha-Syama which means

dark complexioned. Each colour represents a thought and emotion.
Blue colour stands for love, affection and mercy. Lord Krishna is a
Sravana cloud. Both (Krishna and cloud) are in dark colour. While
the rains in Sravana provide the world with water (life source),
Krishna showers His blessings and grace on this universe. The
appearance of blue clouds and the birth of Krishna happen in the
month of Sravana.
We call Sravana Bahula Ekadasi (12th day of second

fortnight) as ‘Azaikadasi’. Some people call it as Kaamikaa Ekadasi

Sravana Bahula Amaavasya is also known as ‘Polaala-
amaavasya’.
The Sun enters ‘Simha Raasi’( Leo) in Sravana. Therefore,

according to Souramaanam (Solar Calendar), this is Simha maasam.
Simha rasi is Sun’s own House. So, the Sun becomes Yoga Kaaraka
throughout Sravana Maasam and brings good fortune.
Thus, Sravana maasam is replete with spirituality and brings

us salvation, good fortune and prosperity.

BHAADRAPADA MAASAM
(August-September)
“Bhadrakaram Bhaadrapada Maasam” (Bhaadrapada brings

us safety). In this month, the full Moon is with Poorvabhaadra or
Uttarabhaadra Nakshatra. Poorvabhaadra nakshatra is associated
with Bruhaspathi (Jupiter) and Uttarabhaadra is associated with
Sani (Saturn).
As the Sun stays in Kanya raasi (Virgo) in this month, as per

Soura Maana, (Solar Calendar) this is Kanya Maasam. Bhaadrapada
is the Sixth month of Hindu Calendar.
In this month, there are no Muhurthas (auspicious timings)

available for organising social functions like marriages etc. in most
parts of the country. Therefore it is called as “Sunya Maasa” (blank
month). However, for many in Tamilnadu and Karnataka, there are
no such restrictions and the Subhakaaryas (Auspicious occasions)
are celebrated during this month also.
This month is special spiritually because Ganesha whom

devotees worship at the commencement of every function and
occasion, was born as the son of Siva and Parvathi in this month.
To all Indians, the festival Ganesh Chaturthi (Vinayaka Chavithi) is
of great importance.
BHAADRAPADA MAASAM (August-September) 68

Bhaadrapada Suddha Chavithi: (4th day of Bhaadrapada)
This is the birthday of Ganesha. Though born to God Siva

and Goddess Parvathi in this Mahayuga, He pre-existed all creation.
As per Ganapathi Atharvana Sukta:
Aavirbhhutam cha srushtadau
Prakruteh purushaat param
Before the beginning of creation, Ganesha was born to nature

and God (Prakruthi and Purusha), He may manifest himself in any
Yuga in any form, but He will manifest only on “Bhaadrapada Suddha
Chavithi”. This festival is celebrated by all, irrespective of their
colour, caste and creed with devotion. That is the reason devotees
celebrate not only in their houses but also on streets and lanes
after installing the statue of Ganesh with full joy and devotion.
Children and youth take great interest in celebrating Ganesha
festival.
Ganesha is worshipped for nine days from Bhaadrapada

Suddha Chavithi. These nine days are called “Ganapathi Navarathris”.
Matching the form and shape of Ganesha, the worship is also special
and unique. Ganesha is worshipped with 21 varieties of leaves and

tender grass. All these 21 varieties of leaves contain medicinal
values and are used in Ayurvedic treatment.
Idol of Ganesha is installed on a seat under the Paalavelli
(canopy made of bamboo strips decorated with maize, wood apple
and sweet orange). A kind of food item made with steamed coarse
wheat flour called “undraallu” in Telugu is offered to God. It
symbolises that Ganesha is the Lord of all vegetation and all
grains(crops). Worshipping Ganesha with leaves, wood apple,
Undraallu, paanakam (a sweet drink made of jaggery and black
pepper) and pieces of sugarcane blesses mankind with bountiful
agricultural yield.
Symbolising the protection of crops and control over the pests

which destroy crops, Ganesha uses a rat as His vehicle. Ganesha
is the God of education. Therefore, books, pens and pencils are
made part of worship on that day. Ganesha blesses His devotees
with good education, wisdom, powerful speech and wealth. Our

Ganesha is also known as “Kshipra Vinayaka” as He takes no time
to bless His devotees.
“Kalou Chandi Vinaayakou Sadyaha Prasannaam”.
As per the scriptures, in Kaliyug, Durga and Ganapathi answer

the prayers of devotees immediately.
He is also God of wit and humour. He is very fond of Gunjilu

(sit-ups while holding both ears) performed by worshippers in a
temple as a mark of respect to the deity. When a devotee works
out twenty-one Gunjilu with true devotion, Ganesha showers His
grace on him. Ganesha prevents obstacles and disturbances and
blesses mankind with success and victory. Therefore, worship of
Ganesha leads to success in every human endeavour.
Tam ganapatim yoh vismarathi loke
Santata mabhaagyo majjathi sa soke
One who neglects worship of Ganesha faces umpteen number

of troubles and becomes victim of misfortunes. Therefore, to live
peacefully and happily always, one has to worship Ganesh not only
on Ganesha Chathurthi but every day with dedication and devotion.

Ganesha Chathurthi is a social festival and celebrated collectively
by the devotees. It helps to develop unity among Hindus and
inculcates a feeling that we all are one in spite of our superficial
differences in castes or other denominations. During freedom
struggle, great leaders and patriots like Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar
Tilak had advocated the celebration of Ganesh Chathurthi in order
to unite people decimating the borders of caste, colour and creed.
Such is the unifying nature of spirituality.
Ganesha is worshipped
daily with active involvement
of all, during these nine days
especially children and youth.
Later, a procession of Ganesha
is taken on the streets of the
town on decorated Vaahanaas
(vehicles) with folk dances,
various musical instruments
etc with thousands of people
thronging to see the idols and
procession. Prasadam is
distributed to all the devotees.
Later, the idol is immersed in rivers, tanks or sea.

Bhaadrapada Suddha Panchami (Fifth day of
Bhaadrapada)
This day is Rushi Panchami. There are five responsibilities or

debts(obligations) one has to clear in one’s life unfailingly. These
are our obligations towards mother, father, teacher, God and sages/
saints ( Rushis). Fulfilling our responsibilities and obligation towards
mother, father teacher and God can be achieved through service,
puja and bhakti. Fulfilling the responsibility towards our rishis
(sages) is very difficult but it is a very important duty of all human
beings.
Our ancient Indian Culture is the gift of our rishis and sages.
The credit of handing over divinely revealed sacred scriptures (the
Vedas), Veda dharmas, various Sastras (Sacred Writings),
Upanishads, Puraanas, Ithihasaas goes to those great rishis. It is
due to their taposakti (power of penance) that our nation and
people follow the path of righteousness and good conduct and are
able to face the repeated onslaught of alien cultures. The aim of
our great sages was the good of everyone and protection of our
country. Many of our great sages were court priests of Kings. They
used to give good suggestions for community development and
thus helped to administer justice and maintain law and order. They
helped the kings to establish empires which stood as bulwark
against foreign invaders and protected Hindu Dharma.
Our great sages have

bestowed on us ways and means
to lead a life of piety, purpose,
righteousness and usefulness by
way of putting in place the rules
of conduct for every walk of life,
rituals to purify body and soul,
festivals and spiritual and
worldly education systems. The
only way to pay our respects to

such great personalities is remembering, worshipping and followings
their words. A very sacred day on which it can be done is Rishi
Panchami that occurs on Bhaadrapada Suddha Panchami.
It is not enough to just remember and worship such great

sages, one must also make the younger generation read and
understand their works and message. They have to be encouraged
to develop the habit of remembering such great sages who did
yeomen services to Dharma.
It is our age-old practice to worship the Saptarishis (seven

great sages) along with Arundhati on this Rishi Panchami day.
Vasishta, Atri, Kashyapa, Viswamitra, Gautama, Jamadagni and
Bharadwaja are the names of Saptha Rishis (Seven Sages).
Arundhati is the life partner of Rishi Vasishta. The first place among
virtuous women and mothers is of Arundhati. Arundhati shines
very brightly by the side of her husband as a Star in the sky with
the power of her chastity and being an ideal woman.
The scriptures say that one who worships all Seven Sages
on Rishi Panchami day gets cured of sins pertaining to many lives.
Bhaadrapada Suddha Shasthi: (Sixth day of Bhaadrapada)
This day is called the Surya Shashti, a very auspicious Thithi suitable
for worshipping Sun. Shashti is very dear to God Subramanyeswara
making it very suitable for the worship of Subramanya.
Bhaadrapada Suddha Ashtami (Eighth day of

Bhaadrapada)
Kedara Vratam
On this day, people worship Kedareshwara Siva wearing a

sacred thread on wrist made of 21 threads. Once Goddess Parvathi
closed all three eyes of Siva playfully and caused darkness in the
entire Universe. Later as directed by Siva, Mother Gowri left Kailash
parvat (Abode of Siva), for Kasi, manifested as Annapurna and fed
all the devotees and got rid of her sin. Then She intended to go
back to Kailash Parvat, the abode of Siva. However, on advice of
Sage Gautama, She went to Gautama’s hermitage at Arunachalam,
performed Kedareshwara Vratam and resultantly reached Kailasa
and regained the Lord and became His Ardhangini i.e, the half
portion in the body of Lord Siva. Since then, many have performed
this Vratam and were blessed with longevity, health, wealth,
happiness and worthy children.
There is another speciality for this Bhaadrapada Suddha

Ashtami. This is related to Krishna. Though there are eight consorts
and sixteen thousand Gopikas in the life of Krishna, Radha was
very close to Him and her love for Him was unique and unparalleled.
She was the queen of His heart and is the ruling diety of Goloka.
According to scriptures
and as said to Narada by
Brahma, one who utters the
name of Radha will obtain
the same punya which he
gets by visiting all holy
places. One will be blessed
with all earthly pleasures
while alive and attains Goloka
after leaving the mortal body
if one worships Her. Goddess
Lakshmi would reside in the
houses of those who perform
“Raadhashtami” Vratam.
Bhaadrapada Suddha
Ashtami is the birthday of
Radha and therefore is called as “Raadhashtami”. It brings good

fortune to perform Raadhashtami Vratam on this auspicious day.

An idol or picture of Radha-Krishna is placed on the seat of worship
(Pujapeetham) and worshipped with 16 types of service and offered
ksheeraannam (Kheer made of rice and milk), butter and milk.
This is followed by listening to the story of Leelavathi who was
rescued from emissaries of Yama (God of death) and reached abode
of Bhagwan Vishnu due to the punya obtained by her on performing
this Vratam for the first time. Then Akshataas (grains of rice mixed
with turmeric used for blessings or salutations in certain ceremonies)
are kept on the head of all in the family and neighbourhood.
Namasthe Paramesaana raasamandala vasini
Rajeswari namastestu Krishna praanaadhika priye
Reciting the sloka, one should offer Tambulam (betel leaves

and areca nut) to married women and take their blessings.
Bhaadrapada Suddha Navami is known as Avidha Navami

(Adukkha Navami) also. On this day, the death of those ladies who
died before their husbands is commemorated by way of Shraadh
by their husbands. However, the ritual of Pind-daan is not done.
Bhaadrapada Suddha Ekadasi: (11th day of Bhaadrapada)
This Ekadasi is called Vishnu Parivartana Ekadasi. As per

the Scriptures, Srimannarayana who enters Yoga-nidra on the bed
of Sheshanag (Giant Serpent) in the milky ocean on Aashaadha
Suddha Ekadasi, changes His posture and turns to the other side
on this day of Bhaadrapada Suddha Ekadasi. One has to worship
Vishnu on this Ekadasi, while chanting this mantra.
“Vaasudeva Jagannadha prapteyam dwaadasi tava
paarswena parivartasya sukham swavihi Maadhava”
Bhaadrapada Suddha Dwaadasi (12th day of Bhaadrapada)
This is the thithi on which Srimannarayana was born to Adithi

and Kasyapa as ‘VAMANA MURTHY’. Vaamana-avataara is special

among the incarnations of Maha Vishnu. Vishnu, who took the
‘Avatar’ of Nrusimha to kill Hiranyakasipu and save young Prahlada,
again took the ‘Avatar’ of “Vamana” to punish Bali, the grandson of
Prahlada. He “punishes” the great devotee and philanthropist Bali
with all respect due to him without any weapon or shedding blood.
That makes the Vamana Avataar very special.
King Bali, grandson of Prahlada is a great devotee of Vishnu

like his grandfather. Never did he lie or go back on his promise. But
out of hatred towards Devas which is natural to a Rakshasa, he
invaded heaven, the kingdom of Indra, fought with Gods and
conquered heaven. As a result, Indra and other Gods became
homeless. Later, Vishnu decided to punish Bali as requested by
Gods. But being impressed by the good character and conduct of
Bali, He didn’t kill him as He had killed other demons earlier. He
appeared as a Brahmachari or Vatu (unmarried youth whose thread
ceremony has been performed) while Bali was performing a Yagna
and sought land that He can cover with three steps. In spite of
warning given by his Guru Sukracharya that this Vatu is none other
than Maha Vishnu and knowing it was Lord Vishnu standing in front
of him to punish him, Bali did not change his word or break his
promise and offered the land sought by Vaamana.
“Intintai vatudinthai mariyu daanintai nabho veedhipai
Nantai toyada mandalaabhramuna kallantai Prabhaa raasipai
Nantai, chandruni kantayai, dhruvunipai nantai maharvaatipai
Nantai, satyapadonnatundaguchu brahmaandaanta samvardhiyai”
This is a verse from “Andhra Mahaa Bhagavatha” written by

Pothana, a great poet in Telugu and a devotee of Vishnu. As Bali
donated the land that Vamana sought, Vamana started growing in
size, crossing the skies, Sun, all known worlds and beyond and
became the size of the universe. He stood like Trivikrama, having
grown taller than and beyond any known world or celestial object.

With one step Vamana occupied the earth, with another He
covered the heavens and then the third He placed on the head of
Bali who kneeled down before him in reverence. He gave Bali the
honour of the touch of His feet which was impossible even with
great penance or for the Gods themselves and made him the lord
of Patala loka, the nether world. He also made Bali the Indra of the
next Kalpa, the Neelalohita Kalpa, and blessed him with eternal
life. Such a special event didn’t happen in any of the Avataraas of
Vishnu and it reflects the speciality of the Vamana Avatar.
On this auspicious day of incarnation of Vishnu as Vamana,

it gives great punya to worship Vamana and recall the story of King
Bali. It is necessary to tell the sacred story to children thereby
helping them in knowing and understanding our ancestors and to
let them be on the path of righteousness.
If this auspicious Bhaadrapada Suddha Dwaadasi occurs in

‘Sravana’ nakshatra, it becomes a Maha Yoga and blesses us with
best things in life.

Bhaadrapada Suddha Chaturdasi (14 th Day of
Bhaadrapada)
On this hallowed day, “Ananta Padmanabha Vrata” is

performed. Anantha Padmanabha is none other than
Srimannarayana. If He is worshipped with the name ‘Anantha’ on
this day, it bestows all good things one desires. The great Lord
Krishna himself proclaimed “Anantha Ityaham Partha”, meaning “I
am Anantha, the eternal” and made Pandavas perform this Vrata
which destroys grief and poverty of all kinds. ‘Anantha’ means one
who has no end, is eternal, permanent, perpetual and continuous.
One should get up in wee hours on this day and take oil bath
and wear red dress. In the pooja room, Ashtadala Padma (Lotus
with eight Petals) should be drawn on which a Kalash (water filled
utensil) should be kept. Ananta Padmanabha’s idol should be
prepared with darbha (a kind of grass used in rituals) and Anantha
Padmanabha should be invoked in it and various sevas should be
performed.
“Kruta darbhamayam deva sweta dweepae sthitam harim
Samanvitam sapthaphanaihi pingalaaksham chaturbhujam”
Later a vermillion applied sacred thread with 14 knots is

placed at the lotus feet of God and after due worship the thread is
tied around the wrist while chanting the following mantra:
Daridrya naasanaardhaaya putrapowtra pravardhaye
Anantaakhya midam sootram dhaarayaamyaham
The houses of those persons worshipping Lord Ananta every

year will be filled with joy, wealth, peace and happiness.
Bhaadrapada Bahula Tadiya is also called as Undraalla

Taddi in the Telugu States.

Commencement of Mahaalaya Paksha:
The fortnight between Bhaadrapada Bahula Paadyami and

Amaavasya (New Moon Day) is called as “mahaalaya paksham”.
This is the time when our ancestors are remembered, worshipped
and satiated with hope and prayer that they achieve the best realms
and bless us.
One has to satiate the Pitrudevataas (forefathers) with

tarpanam (offering holy water with mantraas) systematically and
daily during this Mahaalaya Paksham (15 days). This is an
opportunity to liberate ourselves from our indebtedness towards
our ancestors through these tarpanams. This enables us to get
divine blessings from our forefathers (pitru devataas) These are
as important as Sraadhha (death ceremony, performed with great
care and concentration), organised every year commemorating the
ancestors. If not on all days, one has to perform this atleast one
day during the fortnight.
This fortnight also gives us an opportunity to offer

“Arghyodaka Pindodakaas” (offering water to spirits of our ancestors
along with a food in the shape of a ball) to each and every relative
who died. That’s why this period is called as “Mahaalaya” or
“Mahaan Aalaya”, meaning a great temple of our ancestors.
Mahaalaya Amaavasya: (New Moon day of Bhaadrapada)
Bhaadrapada Amavaasya is a very powerful Amaavasya (new

moon day). This is a day when one has to offer Pitru Tarpanaas to
our ancestors.
The two months of Sraavan and Bhaadrapada are full of rains

and heavy downpours. Due to this, the water in rivers, tanks, lakes
etc is polluted as it carries a lot of mud and dirt. On account of
this, with a view to ensure that people don’t leave their respective
villages and that the villagers engage themselves in various religious
activities like puja and fastings, Chaturmaasa deeksha (deeksha

during month Aashaadha to Karthika) and Nava Raatri Deekshaas
(deeksha of nine nights) are prescribed by our ancestors.
It is also a warning from this Bhaadrapada Maasa to not

drink directly from rivers and drink only boiled and filtered water
for health reasons. Though in this month, marriages etc are not
celebrated, Bhaadrapada Maasa shines brightly with auspicious
events like worship of Ganapathi which removes all obstacles and
Mahaalaya Paksha wherein forefathers are satiated and their
blessings obtained. Month of Bhaadrapada keeps all in a state of
“Bhadra” or safety and well-being.

AASWEEYUJA MAASAM
(September-October)
Aasweeyuja maasam is the seventh month in the Hindu

Calendar. Aasweeyuja is the month when full moon is formed with
Aswani Nakshatra. Though it is the seventh month, some people
consider it as first month, because Aswani is the first of the 27
nakshatras. Sun transits into Tula (Libra) Rasi during this month.
Therefore, as per Solar calendar, this is Tula Maasa.
Each month has a special relation to a particular God/

Goddess. In Aasweeyuja month, Parasakthi (Supreme Power)
aaradhana is given importance. People worship Mother Sakthi
through out this month.
Sarannavaraatri (Nine Nights of Sarad Rutu)
All the nine days from Aasweeyuja Suddha Paadyami to

Suddha Navami (first nine days of Aasweeyuja) are days of worship
of Parasakthi. These nine days in Aasweeyuja which are the first
days of Sarad Rutu are called as “Sarannavaratris” or “ Devi-
navaraatris”.
As per the Puranas, Goddess of energy, Parasakthi descended

as Sri Mahalakshmi/Durga, fought the demon “Mahishasura” for
AASWEEYUJA MAASAM (September-October) 82

nine days from Aasweeyuja Suddha Paadyami to Mahanavami and
finally killed him to protect the world. It is an old custom to worship
Parasakthi during these nine days with sixteen different varieties
of services and celebrate “Festival of Victory” on the tenth day
(Dasami).
A procession is taken out with Her idol accompanied by

musical instruments and bhajans befitting the glorious chapter of
slaying the demon.
In some regions, it is a practice to worship the nine forms of

Simha Vahini (Lion mounted Durga), one per each of the nine days;
the names of Nava Durga or nine Durgas being Sailaputri,
Brahmachaarini, Chandraghanta, Kushmanda, Skandamatha,
Katyayani, KaalaRaatri, MahaGowri and Siddhidhatri.
Mahalakshmi, Maha Saraswathi, Mahakali, Durga, Chamundi,

Chandi, Rajarajeswari, Srilalitha are also various forms of Parasakthi
who descended to this earth to protect the world and punish the
evil.
Annapurneshwari is the mother of entire universe who feeds

all living beings she created.
SAAKAMBARI blesses the world with all vegetables
BHOOMATHA: Mother earth who blesses us with grain and

herbs.

SRI GAYATHRI MATHA: who is the embodiment of the energy
of as power of Vedic mantras.
SRI MAHA LAKSHMI: the Goddess of all forms of wealth

who protects the mankind
SRI SARASWATHI who blesses us with intelligence,

knowledge, wisdom, education, arts, soft speech, power of words
etc.
All are forms of Parasakthi.
The entire universe and nature are the manifestation of the

‘Mother’ of all Mothers. Therefore, the main object of worship of
Parasakthi and Her various forms during Sarannavaratras is to
express our gratitude for Her divine blessings. That is why
Parasakthi is worshipped each

day during Sarannavaratri
period in various forms and
the choicest food items are
offered as ‘Naivedyam’ and
then consumed as Her
‘Prasadam’. This is an age-old
tradition.
Coming to the word

‘Navaratri”, Ratri means not
only the time after sunset but
applies to Goddess Parasakthi
also. This is evident from Devi
Sthuthi (praise of Goddess) sung by lord Brahma which is part of

‘Devi Mahaatmyam’. This is called ‘Ratri Suktam’.
“Prakruti stvam cha sarvasya Gunatraya Vibhaavini
Kaala ratrir Mahaaraatrir Moharatrischa Daarunaa”
In the above Sloka, the three words, Kaala Ratri, Maha Ratri
and Moha Ratri are different names of Parasakthi only.
The word Vibhavari means Raatri and as is evident in the
following Slokas, means Goddess Mahalakshmi
Dhanyaam Hiranmayeem Lakshmeem
Nityapushtaam Vibhaavareem
Thus “Navaraatri” means
nine forms of Parasakthi.
Another special feature of

Sarannavaratris is Suvaasini Puja
(worship of married lady whose
husband is alive) and Baalapuja
(worship of Girl)
Goddess Durga is Nitya

Suvaasini (Suvaasini forever) She
is “Suvaasinyarchana Preetaa.”
Therefore, the worship of Durga
with Kumkum and flowers by suvaasinis while chanting Lalitha

Sahasra Nama Paaraayana during Navaratris pleases Her. The
worship of Suvaasinis with turmeric and Kumkum, Tambulam (betel
leaf and areca nut), treating them as embodiment of Goddess is
“Suvaasini Puja”.
“Baala Puja” or treating Goddess as a girl and worshipping

Her is also done. “Sri Lalitha” whose manifestation was for the
purpose of slaying Bhandasura, created all the required army,
weapons including vaahanaas (vehicles) needed to accomplish this,
from Her body. Bala Tripura Sundari appeared from the heart of Sri
Lalitha. The age of the Goddess is nine for ever. Therefore, girls
aged between two and nine years are worshipped as embodiments
of Baala Tripura Sundari. They are gifted with new dress, bangles,
comb, collyrium, Tilakam (red mark on forehead) and tamboolam
(betel leaf and areca nut). If it is not possible to perform this puja
for all nine days, it should be performed atleast during the last
three days.
Aasweeyuja Suddha Saptami: (7th day of Aasweeyuja)
Parasakthi may be worshipped from Paadyami to Shashti in

any form or with any name but She is worshipped in the form of
Shri Maha Sarswathi on Aasweeyuja Suddha Saptami, with ‘Mula’
Nakshatram.
Aasweeyuja Suddha Ashtami: (8th day of Aasweeyuja)
Durgashtami is also known as Mahashtami. The devotees

worship Goddess Durga as the “Simha Vahini, Sri Durga” or Goddess
Durga mounted on lion.
Aasweeyuja Suddha Navami: (9th day of Aasweeyuja)
This is the most important day in Devi Navaratris -

“Maharnavami”. This is the day when
Parasakthi killed Mahishasura as Sri Mahalakshmi,
slayed Chanda-Mundaas in the form of Sri Mahaa Saraswathi
and killed Bhandasura in the form of Sri Lalitha
- in different Yugas in different names and protected the

world. Therefore, those who could not worship Her on other days
should worship Her on this auspicious day on which the evil forces
were vanquished and Dharma restored.
On this day
Ayudha Puja is
performed. The tools,
objects, devices,
machines etc which
we use daily are
worshipped. Our
philosophy is that
whether living or

inanimate, everything in this universe has significance. We must
respect all the inanimate objects which help us in our daily life and
make us earn our bread and butter. We worship the Goddess- Ya
devi sarva bhooteshu, Shakti rupena Samsthitha… She is in the
form of Shakti in all objects. Therefore on this day, we worship all
the inanimate objects which empower us to lead a fulfilling and
meaningful life.
Aasweeyuja Suddha Dasami: (10h day of Aasweeyuja)
Vijaya Dasami is the day when the evil forces whom Tri-
Moorthis, Indra etc could not kill, were killed by Goddess Parasakthi
and as a token of devotion and respect towards Her, She is
worshipped as the Empress of the Universe. So, this is called as
Day of Victory i.e, Vijaya Dasami. After worship and coronation of
Goddess on this auspicious day, a procession of Goddess is taken
on the streets on decorated Vaahanaas with various musical
instruments, folk dances etc. Later, the idol is immersed in rivers,
tanks or sea. Aasweeyuja Suddha Dasami is also known as

Kushmand Dasami.
Worship of Sami (Jammi) Tree:
In the philosophy of our Dharma, all our surroundings, whether

living and inanimate, and nature are manifestations of God. In other
words, God dwells in the form of nature in this universe. All that
constitutes the visible prakruthi or nature - oceans, rivers,
mountains, trees, clouds, rains etc are manifestations of God. The
peepal tree is considered as a form of Vishnu, the Bael fruit tree
(Bilva) is a form of Shiva, Tulasi (sacred basil) is a form of Goddess
Lakshmi and Amla (Indian Gooseberry) is a form of Earth. Similarly,
the Sami (Jammi) is worshipped in temples on the evening of
Aasweeyuja Suddha Dasami .
It is said that the Pandavas before they began their Agnyat-

vaas (life incognito) during the last year of their exile, kept their
weapons secretly on a Sami tree, on the outskirts of Virata (Matsya)
Kingdom. Due to the divine power of the Sami tree, the weapons
appeared as a dead body to all others except Pandavas and thus
remained untouched.

On Vijaya dasami , the Sami leaves are treated as gold and
are given to elders and friends with a request to bless while reciting
the following Slokas:
“Sami samayate paapam sami satru vinasini
Arjunasya dhanurdhari- ramasya priyadarshini”
Amangalaanaam samaneem- samaneem dushkrutasyacha
Dusswapna naasineem dhanyaam prapadyeham sameem

shubhaam.
As per our scriptures, before his departure to Lanka to kill

Ravana, Sri Rama worshipped Sami tree and as a result, he won
the battle and Ravana was killed. Since then, travellers worship
Sami tree while commencing journeys, circum-ambulating the tree
with the following prayer:
“Karishyamaana yantraayam yadhaa kaalam sukham maya
Tatra nirvighna kartri twam bhava srirama poojithaa”
Aasweeyuja Suddha Ekadasi is also known as

“Paasamkusa-ekadasi”. This means that this Ekadasi has the power
to stop the death rope of Yamaraj. Practising Ekadasi Vrat has the
effect of avoiding Naraka (hell) after death.
Aasweeyuja Poornima ( Full Moon of Aasweeyuja)
Aasweeyuja Poornima is a very powerful day blessed with

great powers. Sarat Poornima (Poornima of Sarad-Rutu) has all
the divinity of Parasakthi. It is in the practice of Srividya tradition
to worship Parasakthi from Aasweeyuja Suddha Padyami to
Poornima.
The same meaning is conveyed by the name of “Pratipat

Mukhyaraakanta Thithi Mandala Poojitha” which is in Lalitha
Sahasra Naamas, Pratipat means Paadyami and Mukhyaraaka
means Sarat Poornima (full moon day of Sarad Rutu). Aasweeyuja

Poornima is also called as Kojaagari Poornima.
Aasweeyuja Bahula Tadiya: (11th day of Aasweeyuja)
Atla (Dosa) Tadiya or Atla Taddi festival is celebrated on

this day in Telugu states. This is the festival when spinsters and
married ladies pray Gowridevi who is “Sarva Mangala Prada” (one
who gives all good things), requesting her to bless them with good
married life. This festival is widely celebrated in rural areas.
On this day of Atla Taddi, women gather in moonlight, worship

both Gowri Devi and full moon and offer white round atlu (dosa)
made of rice flour and joyfully spend time in open grounds or temple
premises. They also make merry while swinging on swings.
Our festivals are not restricted to spirituality. They also

convey a social message that all people in society should live
together with mutual love and affection. As spirituality is the only
thread that unites all humans, festivals are celebrated with spiritual
connotations and values.
In the present times, when the youth and children are losing
interest in celebrating these festivals, having no understanding of
the spiritual, social, religious and ethical values behind the rituals

and falling prey to alien culture, it is the duty of the elders to give a
clear picture to youth about our Indian culture, our great civilisation,
rituals and our social responsibilities along with human values.
Aasweeyuja Bahula Ekadasi is called as “Ramaikadasi”.

It is said that Sage Valmiki, author of Ramayana was born on this
day.
Aasweeyuja Bahula Dwaadasi: (12th day of second half of

Aasweeyuja)
This Dwaadasi is called as “Govatsa Dwaadasi”. In this month

of Aasweeyuja where worship of Goddess is practiced, Parasakthi
is worshipped in the form of Go-Mata (Cow) with great reverence.
Cow along with its calf is worshipped. It is our inherent belief that
all Gods dwell in the cow. This is the reason why “Gopooja” (worship
of cow) is performed during festivals like Sankranthi etc. On this
Dwaadasi day, the cow and calf are bathed, decorated with
turmeric, kumkum and garlands. A new saree is placed on the
cow. During the worship, the feet of cow are worshipped while
reading this sloka:

“Ksheerodaarnava sambhoote suraasura namaskrute
Sarva devamaye maataha gruhanaarghyam namosthute”
Vadaas and sweet vadaaas are offered to the cow while

chanting the following sloka:
“Sarva deva maye devi sarva devairalamkrute maataha
Mam abhilashitam safalam kuru nandini”
The three Mothers as per Sanatana Aarsha Samskruti (our

ancient Indian Culture) - mother who gave birth to us, motherland
where we are born and mother cow are to be worshipped daily.
Dhanvantri Jayanthi is another name of Aasweeyuja Bahula

Dwaadasi.
Aasweeyuja Bahula Trayodasi is known as Dhana

Trayodasi. Worshipping Goddess Lakshmi with ‘Sreesukta’ and
offering bananas and sweet milk-rice (Ksheerannam) brings
prosperity and prevents any kind of financial problems in our life.
Aasweeyuja Bahula Chaturdasi (Penultimate day of

Aasweeyuja)
Aasweeyuja Bahula Chaturdasi is Maasa Sivaraatri. In

addition to this, on this day, Lord Krishna killed Narakasura, a wicked
Demon King, with the help of his consort Satyabhama. Naraka was
born to Sri Hari and Goddess Earth. Vishnu protected Bhoomatha
from Hiranyaksha in the avatar of Varaaha (wild Boar). As Naraka
had all qualities of an Asura (demon), he became Narakasura. His
Capital was Praagjyotishpura. His wickedness knew no bounds. He
defeated many kings and captured their women. The number of
such women was sixteen thousand. He captured Amaravathi, the
city of Gods and robbed the ear rings of Adithi, Mother of all Gods.
So, to kill him and protect entire universe and maintain law and
order, Srikrishna along with his consort Satyabhama, a manifestation

of Mother Earth, attacked Praagjyotishpura to kill Narakasura. When
Krishna got tired, Satyabhama fought with Narakasura and defeated
him. Then, Krishna having recovered from tiredness, killed
Narakasura with His Disc (Sudarshan Chakra) at the dusk of
Aasweeyuja Bahula Chaturdasi and therefore this Chaturdasi is
also called as “Naraka Chaturdasi”. It is a tradition and practice
since ages to light the lamps and celebrate the death of the wicked
Demon.
Aasweeyuja Amaavasya:
On Aasweeyuja Amaavasya, the people of Praagjyotisha

celebrated joy over the death of their wicked King Narakasura by
lighting the lamps joyfully. Since then it has become a tradition to
celebrate the festival on Amaavasya, the new moon day by lighting
lamps with oil in every house. So, it was called ‘Deepavali’ which
means row of lamps. On account of this illumination, the new moon
day shines like a full moon day.
Our rishis say that every new moon day and full moon day
are festivals and auspicious. The Purnima and Amaavasya of
Aasweeyuja and Kartheeka possess divine power abundantly.
Taking head bath using oil of gingelly seeds in the wee hours
on this auspicious day removes all poverty. On this day, the oil
contains Goddess Lakshmi and water contains Ganges and one
gets the result of bathing in the sacred Ganges and gets rid of
poverty.
‘Yamatarpanam’ (libation to Yama) is offered with following Sloka:
“Yamaaya Dharmaraajaaya cha Mrutya Ve Chaanta Kaaya cha
Vaivaswataaya Kaalaya Sarva Bhootha Kshayaayacha
Oudumbaraaya Dharmaaya Neelaya Parameshtine
Mahodaraaya Chitraya Mahishavaahayate Namaha”
This sloka has twelve names of Yama, the God of Dharma or

justice. After chanting this, one has to say ‘Yamaaya Tarpayaami”
three times and offer water towards South. With this Yama gets
satisfied and removes all kinds of sins and also untimely death. He
also blesses us with health and long life.
On this evening, we have to light lamps near the plant of

sacred Tulasi followed by worshipping both Dhanalakshmi and
Kubera (God of Wealth)
Namasthe sarva devaanaam varadaasi Haripriye
Yaa gatih twat prasannaanaam saamey bhuyaat twadarchanaath
This is the prayer to Goddess Lakshmi
It means “O Hari Priye! One who blesses all Gods, please accept
my prostration. Through this puja, let me get blessed with all good
things during and after life.”
It is only through the grace of Goddess Mahalakshmi that

one gets every kind of wealth. She dwells only in that house which
is well maintained and clean and good practices are followed by
inmates.
As per an incident described in our epics pertaining to

worshipping Kubera on Deepawali day, Maha Lakshmi who felt that
wealth is an obstacle in her pursuit to reach Maha Vishnu, handed
over her entire wealth to Kubera, and started penance. Since the
entire wealth is in the possession of Kubera, during Deepawali
festival, people worship both Kubera and Lakshmi in the form of
Dhana Lakshmi. Kubera is worshipped with the following Sloka:
Dhanadaaya namasthubyam nidhi padmaadhi paaya cha
Bhavanthu twath prasaadaan mey dhana dhaanyaadi sampadaha
After completing
this, crackers are
burst, followed by
eating sweets in the
company of relatives
and friends.

Both Vasant and Sarad Seasons are seasons of change.
Possibility of ill health during these months, fevers, infections, joint
pains, etc is high. Our great sages who saw festivals not only in
the spiritual context but also in scientific context imposed various
restrictions in the festivals of these seasons by way of light
refreshments, non-spicy ingredients in prasadam and fasting that
help people avoid ill health and lead a happy life.
Brahmotsavam in Tirumala
These festivities are held in Tirumala once every year. These

festivities were started by Brahma Himself when Venkateswara
Swamy manifested on the hills of Tirumala in the form of an idol.
Therefore even today, idol of Brahma is placed on a chariot in front
of the procession of idols of Venkateswara Swamy. These festivities
are done during the Solar month of Kanya or Virgo which
corresponds to Aasweeyuja maasa roughly. But when there is an
adhika maasa, it would be in Bhaadrapada. In such a scenario,
Brahmotsavams are held twice. Each of the nine days witnesses
the procession of Swami twice a day in different Vahanaas (vehicles
or chariots) on the streets of Tirumala - Sesha Vahana, Hamsa
Vahana, Simha Vahana, Garuda Vahana, Hanuma Vahana, Gaja
Vahana, Suryaprabha Vahana, Chandra Prabha Vahana being some
of them. These festivities cannot be described in words but have
to be seen to experience the devotion. They are a treat to all the
senses.
Bathukamma festivities in Telangana
These festivities are done for ten days from Bhaadrapada

Amaavasya in Telangana with great fervour, devotion and joy. This
festival is celebrated only by women. As per scriptures, Bathukamma
is worshipped as Sri Mahalakshmi and Gauridevi. However, as per
local legends and ballads, Bathukamma is considered as a woman

who sacrificed her life for the well being of the village. Historically,
during the rule of Nizam and feudal lords, women of rural Telangana
suffered atrocities, so much so that thousands committed suicides.
Some historians say that these rituals are to commemorate them
and bless them.
Some opine that brave women of Telangana like Sammakka,

Sarakka, Muthyalamma, Bathukamma who fought the feudal lords
and are pride of Telangana are celebrated by worshipping them as
Bathukamma. Whatever is the reason, the festivities depict
celebration of womanhood, liberation of women and their self-
respect and promote unity and oneness among women.
Seasonal flowers are neatly arranged on a frame and treated

as an object of worship. The shape closely resembles “Srichakra”.
Women dance around this flower stack, rhythmically singing local
songs and ballads. The songs are rich in traditions, spirituality,
social issues and local folklore and depict the rich culture of
Telangana.
Thus, Aasweeyuja Month flourishes with pleasant weather,

spiritual fervour and festivals with participation of everyone without
any bar of caste, age, gender or sect and unifies the people.

KARTHIKA MAASAM
(October - November)
Spiritually and in terms of divine grace, the month Karthika

is the most glorious. It is the Eighth of the twelve months. In the
month of Karthika, the full moon is with Krutthika Nakshatra on
the full moon day. Krutthika Nakshatra is associated with the “Sun”,
the king of all planets and is a very powerful star. Karthika month
formed due to association with Krutthika Nakshatra is also powerful
and a special month. Our scriptures mention that Karthika is the
best among all months. “Maasaanaam Karthikam Sreshtaha”. The
month Karthika is the best among all months. It is also called
‘Vruschika Maasa’, as the Sun transits into Vruschika Raasi
(Scorpio).
Each month generally holds importance to one God whereas

in Karthika, all Gods have importance. In other words, this month
is very dear to all Gods and it is completely suitable to worship of
Gods.
Karthike maasi samprapte sarvaan devaan yajhedbudhaha
Our great sages say that as soon as Karthika begins, all

learned and wise people worship all Gods.
KARTHIKA MAASAM (October - November) 98

In addition to this:
Karthike deva yajanam sarva bhogapradam bhaveth
vyaadheenaam haranam chaiva bhavet bhoota grahakshyaha
Worshipping all Gods in Karthika blesses us with health and

prosperity. We also get rid of all types of diseases and malefic
effects of planetary movement.
“Vaaraadi devayajanam kaarthike hi visishyate”
The Scriptures say that one should have knowledge of the

God to be worshipped on each day of Karthika. Though Karthika is
the month for worshipping all Gods, the best days for obtaining
spiritual bliss and getting the divine blessings of Siva are the
Mondays of this month.
“Na Karthika samo maasaha na devo eswaraatparam
Na cha veda samam saastram na teertham gangaaya samam”

There is no month equal to Karthika, no God equal to Siva,
no Shastra comparable to Veda and no river equal to Ganga. The
name of Siva, echoes near oceans, rivers, tanks, wells etc during
Brahmi muhurtham in this month. The temples reverberate with

Namaka- Chamaka and chantings while performing abhishekam to
Siva, adorations, homa (performed by casting ghee and other

objects in sacred fire accompanied by recital of prayers from Vedas),
Pradoshakaala puja (twilight worship), Bhajans (worship
accompanied by music, chanting or prayers), sounds of conch, bell,
damarukam (small hourglass shaped instrument that makes sound
like a rattle), chanting the name of Siva and chanting of Shadakshara
mantram (six lettered mantra i.e. Om Namahsivaya). The houses
of devotees of Siva and temples of Siva are illuminated with
thousands of oil lamps and shine with the glory of Kailasam. The
Karthika Mondays are so powerful that even the most sinful can
earn divine grace by chanting the name of Parama Siva. As Siva
likes abhishekam, He is “Abhisheka priya”. The Lord doesn’t expect
costly offerings from His devotees and is very happy to bless even
those who pour water on Sivalingam with a clear heart and
devotion. On account of such unflinching devotion, a spider, a snake,
an elephant and an illiterate devotee like Tinna were blessed by
Siva. In other words, He blesses anybody and everybody who serves
and worships Him with devotion and dedication.
This month Karthika is also known as ‘Siva Karunaamruta

Varshini’ as it is the most favourable month to please Lord Shiva
with Abhishekam and Archanas every day and on Mondays in
particular. A very important aspect in Karthika is Upavaasam
(abstinence from food). Fasting daily during this month is good in
all aspects. Both Siva and Keshava (Vishnu) will be pleased if while
observing fast, one spends every minute with God in mind,
Satsangam (in the company of devotees) and treating a worthy
Brahmin everyday with all respect (Arghya, Paadya etc), followed
by offering food. No poverty touches such people for seven
generations. As it is not possible to observe fast daily in modern
times, observing fast on important days like Karthika Mondays,
Karthika Pournami (full Moon day), Naagula Chavithi, Ksheerabdi
Dwaadasi etc, also fetches punya and good results.
The month Karthika is the month of ablutions. While it is
virtuous to take a dip in any holy river at any time of the year,
taking holy dip during Ashaadha, Karthika, Maagha and Vaisakha is

considered holier, more so during Karthika maasa. It is good from
health point of view and brings us good fortune. After taking holy
bath in the nearest river or tank or well, one should chant name of
God while facing Sun during early hours in the Karthika. Standing
and facing rising Sun while chanting the names of Surya Bhagawan
and offering water with full devotion gives punya, good health and
bodily strength. After taking bath in the morning, it is important to
visit nearby temple of either Vishnu or Siva and light an oil lamp
near Dhwaja Stambha (Flag post in temple) and undertake
pradaskhina (circum-ambulate) around the Dhwaja Stambha. The
lamp that is lighted before the Sun rise is called Akaasadeepam.

At the time of sunset also, Akaasadeepam is hung on Dhwaja
Stambha. Donating Akaasadeepam gives punya. However, even if
one is unable to donate, darsanam of Akaasadeepam during
morning and evening is considered equally holy.
Karthika is the month of lights. Lighting lamps starts from

Aasweeyuja Bahula Chathurdasi itself in every house and street.
The lights, lit daily from Karthika Suddha Paadyami in houses and
temples are known as Karthika Deepams. The houses and temples
are illuminated with glittering lamps through out the month.
Elders opine that these lamps show our departed ancestors,

the way to reach the holy worlds. Besides lighting lamps in Karthika,
donating lighted ghee lamps to Brahmins is considered to bring
good.
It is also believed that Sri Maha Lakshmi, who emerged from

Ksheera-sagara (ocean of milk), searches good and suitable houses
to stay. She enters only those houses that are illuminated with
lights. So, scriptures say that every house, every puja room and
every backyard should be illuminated with oil lamps. There is a
reason for lighting Karthika Deepam as per our traditions which
are a best mix of spirituality, science and social responsibilities.
During this Month, the nights are dark and the lamps show light to
the passers-by. Moreover, there is a heightened fear of insects
and poisonous creatures. In the days of yore, the cattle were kept
in the backyards. In order to protect the cattle from such harm, it

is useful to keep oil lamps through out the night in and around the
house including the backyard.
A special significance of this month is that it is dear to both

Siva and Kesava (Hari & Hara). Festivals during this month are
also related to both of them. As far as Vishnu is concerned, this
month is ‘Karthika Daamodara Maasam’. Any donation or alms given
during Karthika month while chanting name of Karthika Damodara
results in accrual of great punya. A visit to ‘Brundavan’ and
worshipping of Radha-Krishna during this month brings good. Radha
Devi is known as “Go-Loka Lakshmi”. When the Paramatma
manifested as Siva, Vishnu, Brahma, Surya and Krishna, His energy
Parasakthi manifested in the forms of Durga, Lakshmi, Saraswathi,
Gayatri and also as Radha. The same Radha is in Brindavan as
Brunda Devi. Mathura, where Brindavan is located, is the Vaikuntam
on Earth. It is the belief of our ancestors that commencing
construction of house in Karthika brings prosperity.
Karthika Suddha Paadyami
Lighting of “Oil lamps” and “ Aakasa Deepam” commences

from this day. Karthika fasts are also observed from this day
onwards. It is also called as ‘Bali Paadyami’. In earlier chapters, it
was already brought out that Sri Hari incarnated himself as Ugra
Narasimha to save his great and ardent devotee ‘Prahlada’ and kill
his cruel and wicked father ‘Hiranyakasipu’. Prahlada’s grandson is
emperor Bali. Just like his grandfather, Bali was also a great devotee
of Vishnu. He was very kind and never refused any person who
approached him for donation and alms. He never broke his promise,
never lied and followed the path of Dharma (Righteousness). But
due to Rakshasa’s natural enmity with Gods, he invaded and
occupied heaven and made them shelter less. The Gods were forced
to leave heaven and approached Vishnu for help. Vishnu, the
protector of Universe manifested himself in the form of ‘Vamana’, a
young brahmin boy. However, as Bali was pious and righteous, it

was not proper to kill him like other Rakshasas in His previous
incarnations.
So, in order to raise the glory of Bali, Vishnu became Vamana

and appeared before Bali and sought land that he can cover in
three steps. Inspite of knowing that the dwarf who stood in front
of him is Sri MahaVishnu and it meant self-destruction to donate
the land and despite the advice of his Guru Sukracharya, emperor
Bali did not go back on his word.
Then Vamana grew up from size to size, crossing all the

worlds and became the size of the entire universe. He became
Trivikrama, with one step He occupied the earth, with another, He
covered the heavens and then, the third He placed on the head of
Bali who kneeled down before Him in reverence. He gave Bali, the
honour of the touch of his feet which was impossible even with
great penance for the Gods themselves and made him the Lord of
Paatala Loka, the nether world. He also designated Bali the Indra
of next Kalpa, the Neelalohita Kalpa, on this auspicious day of Bali
Paadyami.
On this Auspicious day, it gives great punya to worship Bali

and recall his story thereby knowing and understanding our
ancestors.

Karthika Suddha Vidiya: (Second Day of Karthika)
It is also called as ‘Yama Vidiya’ or ‘Yama Dwitiya’ and has

special significance. According to Scriptures, brothers should visit
the houses of their sisters and eat food cooked by them. This is
called “Bhagini Hasta Bhojanam” (food from the hands of sister).
In Northern parts of the country, it is called Bhai-dooj.
Karthiketu dwiteeyaa yaa suklaayam bhraatru poojanam
Yaa na kuryaat vinasyanti bhraataras sapta janmasu
On this day, girls and women should pray for the well being
of their brothers and give them the food they relish. Such food
given with the hands of their sisters gives strength, health, wealth
and longevity to men, After the meals, men shower gifts to their
sisters including sarees, turmeric and kumkum as per their capacity.
This event “Bhagini Hasta Bhojanam” not only consolidates the
bond between brothers and sisters, but also increases the love
and affection between them through good customs and traditions.
It signifies the importance of relation of brother-sister and the
necessity to pay visits to each other. It is the responsibility of
elders to bring awareness among their children about festivals and
significance of traditions and customs.
Karthika Suddha Chavithi-Panchami: (Fourth and Fifth

Days)
In our Indian spiritual thought, every being is treated as a

form of God. Seeing Him in every organism is our philosophy. Snakes
are also seen as His forms. Subramanya Swami is known to have
done penance taking the form of a snake on an occasion. Since
then the worship of snakes has started in our country.
Both Chavithi and Panchami are very favourable for

worshipping Naga Devata (God of Snakes/Serpents). Good vision,
learning ability, power of speech, health of stomach and healthy
pregnancy are all the blessings of Subramanya.
Therefore, people having some defect due to certain positions
of Kuja and Rahu in their horoscope and suffering from ailments of
vision and hearing should worship Subramanya on Chavithi and
Panchami. Offering milk at known abodes of snakes or images of
snakes and applying little putta mannu (mud taken from anthill,
where snake is believed to stay) on forehead helps one get rid of
these problems/ailments. Karthika Suddha chavithi which is called
as “Maha Chaturdhi” is even more suitable for this.
Kaarthiketu site poojyaha chaturdhyaam Kaarthikeyakaha
Mahaa chaturdhee saa proktaa sarva paapaharam subhaa

Karthika Suddha Shashti: (6th day of Karthika)
This day is celebrated in most parts of north India, especially

Bihar, Jharkhand, Eastern UP and Nepal as Chhath Puja. It is a day
on which Sun is worshipped. Devotees take holy dip in water bodies,
offer arghya to Sun and Chhati Maiya (Usha). Chantings from

Rigveda reverberate during the puja. The purpose of this puja is to
pray for well being and development of all humanity and offer
gratitude to Sun for bestowing His benevolence on the mankind.
Karthika Suddha Dasami: (10th day of Karthika)
This is the birthday of Maharshi Yaajnavalkya. We will be

relieved from our indebtedness to our great sages atleast partially
if we recollect on their birthdays, the life stories of such great
Souls who blessed us with great culture, customs, Upanishads,
scriptures and above all, valuable spiritual heritage.
Karthika Suddha Ekadasi: (11th day of Karthika)
There are other names for this Ekadasi - “Utthana Ekadasi”

and “Prabhodaikaadasi”. Srimannarayana who commences Yoga
Nidra (Meditational Sleep) on Aashaadha Suddha Ekadasi in
Ksheerasagara (Milky Ocean) wakes up on Karthika Suddha Ekadasi.

Therefore, on this most auspicious Ekadasi day, taking bath in wee
hours, fasting, reciting Vishnu Sahasra-naama, followed by lighting
lamps in Vishnu temple - Saligrama and Deepa daanams i.e, offering
lamps and holy Saligrama stone (holy black stones, available only
in River Gandaki and treated as stone forms of Vishnu) are very
beneficial. All the charities are to be performed by chanting
“Karthika Daamodara Prityardham” (For the satisfaction of Vishnu).
Karthika Suddha Dwaadasi: (12th day of Karthika)
It is a very auspicious day named as “Ksheerabdi Dwaadasi”

or “Brindavana Dwadasi”. It is the day when Sri Maha Lakshmi
appeared during the churning of the Ocean of Milk by Gods and
Demons. She is very fond of this day. Chandra (Moon), Dhanvantri
(Doctor of Gods) along with medicines, Kamadhenu, Kalpavriksha
(heavenly cow and tree which bestow anything that is asked for),
Chintamani (precious Gem), Apsaras (Nymphs) and Airavatam (the
Elephant of Indra) also appeared along with Sri MahaLakshmi on
this auspicious day.
This is also a unique day when Sri Mahalakshmi joined

Srimannarayana. The Chaaturmaas vrata commenced on Aashaadha
Suddha Ekadasi ends this day. Vishnu arrives at Brundavan on this
Dwaadasi day along with his consort Lakshmi Devi and other Gods

like Brahma etc. Worshipping of Vishnu on this day in Brundavanam
brings us good fortune and peace. One who cannot go to Brundavan
may worship Vishnu near Tulasi Plant in one’s residence itself. On
dwaaadasi evening, after lighting lamp near Tulasi Plant, the
devotees perform marriage of Amla

Tree with Tulasi treating them as
forms of Vishnu and Lakshmi.
Afterwards, married women
(Muttaiduvulu) are offered respects
with Kumkum and turmeric powder.
It is considered pious to light Maha
Jyothi with 360 cotton wicks or
incense sticks. With this, the sin of
not lighting lamps throughout the
year will be removed. According to
our elders, if a cotton wick dipped
in ghee is lighted on amla fruit and
placed near Amla/Tulasi plants, it is
equal to keeping lamps near the
lotus feet of Lakshmi and Narayana.

Karthika Suddha Chaturdasi: (14th day of Karthika)
This is also called as Vaikunth Chaturdasi. It is the sacred

day when Vishnu went to Kasi (Varanasi) and worshipped Siva.
Karthika Pournami:
This day is the most sacred and glorious among all the twelve
full moon days of the year and considered highly auspicious for
spiritual sadhana (pursuit). On this day, the Moon lights up the sky
with his sixteen kalaas. He is the brightest on this day. On this day,
offering Arghya to rising Sun after performing the Karthika-snaan
(ablution) early in the morning and then lighting lamp in Vishnu
and Siva temples is considered pious. Whether it is the worship of
Vishnu or Siva, it brings peace and fulfils all desires. Lamps are lit
in all temples in the evening.
Decorating the house on the evening of Karthika Pournami

with oil lamps and then after moonrise, chanting Lalitha
Sahasranama while conceptualising the Moon as Sri Lalitha does a
lot of good. The fast kept by women on Karthika Pournami blesses

their children with good health and longevity and ensures wellbeing
of their husbands. Offering utensils, materials and ingredients to
Sadgurus and Brahmins on this day destroys all sins. On this
auspicious day, Siva slayed demons called Tripuraasuras (trio of
Asura brothers, three sons of Taarakaasura) and therefore Karthika
Pournami is also known “Tripura Pournami”. Karthika Pournami is
also called as “Maha Kaarthiki” and darshan of Jwalatoranam in
temples of Siva on this day helps us to get rid of all sins and gain
blessings of Siva.
“Akhand Karthika Deepam” will be lit on this day on the hill

of Arunagiri at Tiruvannamalai.
Worship of All Gods
In addition to Siva, Kesava, Sri Maha Lakshmi, Tulasi and Sri

Lalitha, the devotees worship all Gods during this month.
Siva on Karthika Mondays
Subramanaya on Karthika Tuesdays
Vishnu on Karthika Wednesdays
Worship of Gurus on Karthika Thursdays viz Dakshinamoorthy,

Hayagreeva and Datta Prabhu
Ganesha on Karthika Friday
On Saturdays, worship of Dikpaalakas (rulers of all eight

directions), Naaga Devataas, Dhanavantari and Aswani Devataas.
The worship of Agni (God of fire) is considered auspicious in

Karthika as Karthika is related to Krutthika star which is a fire star.
Lighting lamps daily in this month is nothing but worship of Agni.
Worshipping Surya, Lord of Krutthika Star by offering Arghyam (holy
water) and respects increases longevity by improving health.

Karthika Vana Bhojan
Karthika Vana Bhojanam (taking food under trees) is a

speciality of Karthika month. All members of family with friends go
to gardens or green belts where one can find different trees and
plants including Amla and Bilva and worship them collectively.
Afterwards, they have their lunch together with joy and

contentment. Taking Maha Prasaadam (meals) under Amla tree
not only blesses us with punya but also gives us pleasure, relief
from day to day routine life and infinite happiness due to proximity
with nature. It increases and strengthens the human relations,
unity, love and affection among all people in general and among
family members in particular. It is essential to the present
generation who are addicted to internet and gadgets, to attend
such collective social gatherings for enjoyment and improving social
skills.

Karthika Puranam
An exclusive programme of Karthika maasam is reading of

“Karthika Puranam”. The speciality of this month is mentioned in
all Eighteen puranas authored by Veda Vyas. Among them Skanda
Puranam and Padma Puranam are most important in this context.
They contain references of the specialities of this month and the
details of charities, duties and rituals to be performed during the
month. Compilations of all these are told to the devotees in temples
all through the month as “Karthika Purana”. People visit temples to
listen to Karthika Puranam. Even if one fails to perform all other
rituals during the month, listening to this Karthika Puranam brings
good fortune and helps to get redemption from sins.
Month of Karthika is cold, decreasing the appetite and

reducing the digestion capacity. So, our elders advised us to fast
and take simple food giving less strain to digestive system. Our
skin gets dried on account of cold weather. Therefore, we are
advised to take oil bath during this month. Thus, Karthika Maasa
with its customary sacred ablutions, illuminated houses and
temples, charities and good deeds, worship of all Gods and customs
and traditions blesses mankind with peace in this life and after.

MAARGASIRA MAASAM
(November-December)
Maargasira month is that month when the full moon is with

Mrugasira nakshatra. Mrugasira is associated with Kuja or Mars.
Maargasira is the best of all months. It is the personification of
Narayana. Lord Krishna himself proclaimed “Maasaanaam
Maargasirshoham” i.e, I am Maargasira among all months.
Srimannarayana represents Satva-guna or purity. Therefore,

Maargasira month is the month of Satva. It is the satva-guna which
is the basic requirement for a devotee to achieve unison with Him.
Maargasira is most suited for spiritual pursuits and spiritual

attainments. The Japam (Chanting), Tapam (Penance) performed
for realising Him during the Brahmi muhurtham (hour and a half
before sunrise) in this month will face no obstacles. This Brahmi
Muhurtham induces and boosts the Satva-guna in the worshippers.
Weather is very pleasant in Maargasira which is part of winter

(Hemantha Rutu). It is characterised by agricultural plenty and
prosperity. Maargasira is a period of worshipping Vishnu throughout
as it is very dear to Him. It gives punya to those who visit the
temples of Vishnu.
MAARGASIRA MAASAM (November-December) 114

Maargasira Suddha Panchami: (5th day of Maargasira)
Worshipping Naagadevatha (Snake God) on this day is in

practice in many places.
Maargasira Suddha Shasti: (6th day of Maargasira)
This day is also known as ‘Subramanya Shashti’. Worship of

Lord Subramanya in snake form brings us good fortune. Maargasira
Subrahmanyeswara Temple, Tiruttani.
Shashti is the birthday of Subramanya. Visiting temples of

Subramanya on this day blesses us with health and wealth.
Mrugasira nakshatra is related to the Planet Kuja (Mars).
Subramanya is the reigning lord of Kuja. Therefore, Subramanya
Shashti is a path to reduce the effects of Kuja dosha in Jataka
(certain imperfection in the horoscope) of people which is said to
cause problems in marriage and child bearing.
Maargasira Suddha Saptami: (7th day of Maargasira)
It is also known as ‘Mitra Saptami’. The Sun, God of light and

energy is worshipped on this day.
Maargasira Suddha Ashtami is also known as ‘Kaala

Bhairava Ashtami’
Maargasira Suddha Ekadasi is also known as ‘Moksha

Ekadasi’ and ‘Saukhyadaikaadasi’.
Maargasira Poornima:
On this holy and auspicious day i.e, Maargasira Poornima,

Sri Dattatreya, was born to Atri and Anasuya with the grace of
Trimurthis. Srimad Bhagavatha says “Datta maya hamithi
yadbhagwan dattaha” Vishnu manifested Himself as son and gave
Himself to Atri Maharishi. Therefore he is called “Datta” (given).
Since He took the form of Atri’s son, He is Aatreya. Combination of
these two names gives the name “Dattatreya”. The name Datta is
very powerful and glorious. It is a talisman to devotees.
Datta datta idam vaakyam taarakam sarva dehinam
Sraddhaa yukto japenityam datta ithyakshara dwayam
In Guru saampradaya
(lineage), Dattatreya has a
special place. In the name
of Datta Saampradaya,
Guru saampradaya existed
from time immemorial.
In Kritha-yug, under
the umbrella of this
manifestation of
knowledge, Prahlada got
guidance. In Threthayug,
disciples of Dattatreya like
Alarka got educated in Yog
and spirituality from Him. In
Dwapara Yug, Parasurama and Kaarthaveeryarjuna obtained the

blessings of Dattatreya. In Kaliyug also, many disciples served Him
and earned His darshan in real form. In shastras, it is said that
Dattatreya answers on mere chanting His name and showers His
blessings on the disciples. He is therefore called “Smartrugaami”.
Dattatreyam mahaatmaanam varadam bhakta vatsalam
Praparnaarti haram vande smartru gaami sanovatu
On the auspicious occasion of Datta Jayanthi, worshipping

Dattatreya, chanting the name of Datta, reading Dattacharitra and
Gurugita is virtuous. Dattatreya Swami is present at the base of
Audumbara tree or the Indian fig tree. Worshipping this tree pleases
Him. If people who do not have children or suffering from diseases
or effects of evil circum-ambulate this tree chanting the name of
Dattatreya, they would get speedy results that they desire. Darshan
of the Lord at Ganagapuram, Pithaapuram and Narsobavadi would
give good results. In Upaasana system of worship, God is worshiped
along with His energy form. So Dattatreya is worshipped as holding
this Anagha Sakthi.
Full moon of this Maargasira Month is also called as ‘Korala

Punnami’. ‘Koralu’ means teeth of animals in Telugu. On this day,
dogs are fed with bread in the belief that they won’t attack humans.
This tradition is a way to inculcate love towards animals by feeding
them.
Dhanurmaasam-Auspicious period of Dhanussankraman
The Sun while travelling through Zodiac transits through

Sagittarius during this month. So as per Solar Calendar, this month
is of the Sagittarius, Dhanurmaasa. The Solar month of
Dhanurmaasa happens during the Lunar month of Maargasira. This
is a very auspicious period.
In Vaishanava tradition, Dhanurmaasa holds a special place.

Goda Devi, who is an incarnation of Bhoodevi, the Earth Goddess

wanted to marry Sri Krishna. She started Thiruppavai Vrata at the
beginning of Dhanurmaasa. She sang eulogies of Sri Krishna in the
form of Paasuraas, one everyday and having done this through the
Dhanurmaasa, on the day of Bhogi, she reached Srirangam and
married Sri Ranganatha

Swamy and became one
with Him.
The word ‘Bhog’

means uniting of Jivaatma
(soul) with Paramaatma
(Super soul). Goda Devi
performed this
Dhanurmaasa Vratam to
attain that ‘Bhogam’. This
Vratam commences in
Dhanurmaasam and it is
called Nela pattadam
(observing a month) i.e,
month long rituals. Girls smear their frontyard daily with cowdung
and decorate with beautiful rangolis adding turmeric, Kumkum and
flowers. These are called “Gobbi Gaurammas” which are worshipped
by offering fruits etc. The Gobbi dance is performed at the time of
Sankranthi. This puja is a prayer to Gowri Devi by unmarried girls
for blessing with a husband of good character and conduct.
In every Vaishnavite temple, puja of Vishnu and singing of

Goda Devi Paasurams are done during Dhanurmaasam. In Tirumala,
the abode of Swami Venkateswara, though the waking up ceremony
is done through Suprabhaata throughout the year, in this month of
Dhanurmaasa, the waking up ceremony is done through Tiruppavai
Paasurams written by Goda Devi.
There is another special significance of Dhanurmaasam. As

per Solar Calendar, the names of all months are as per Raasi (sign

of Zodiac) in which the Sun moves. If the Sun stays in Mesha
Raasi, that month is called as Mesha Maasam. If the Sun stays in
Vrushabham (Taurus), it is called as Vrishabha Maasam. But the
months are not addressed with those names. It is always by the
Lunar calendar that the months are named. The month when Sun
moves in Dhanu Rasi (Sagittarius) is called Dhanurmaasam. The
period of last 15 days of Maargasira and first 15 days of Pushya i.e,
from the day the Sun enters Sagittarius till Bhogi festival in Pushya
maasam is referred to as Dhanurmaasam. In Vedanta terminology,
‘Dhanuvu’ means ‘Omkaaram’. Dhanurmaasam is the time when
the Sun (Sri Suryanarayana) who is the provider of wealth, health
and food, the visible God, witness of our deeds, combined form of
Trinity, main cause for fleeting of time, moves in Dhanu raasi.
Tamilians call Dhanurmaasam as ‘Maargali’.
Maargasira Suddha Ekadasi: (11th day of Maargasira)
Maargasira Suddha Ekadasi is a very special Ekadasi. Shri

Krishna who proclaimed that He is Maargasira, blessed the mankind
with “Gita” through Arjuna in the battlefield of Kurukshetra on this
day of Maargasira Suddha Ekadasi. In the history of mankind, there
is no equivalent of Gita. Gita, revealed by the Lord himself, is equal
to Him. Our culture has given an exalted position to Gita and treats
it as mother.

Therefore, on this pious day, we should worship Gita
Mahadevi, the essence of all Upanishads, with sixteen-fold worship
and offer Kshiraannam (kheer) reciting verses of Gita. Youth has
to shed the feeling that Gita is meant for the old or sanyasis (monks)
and learn the meaning of Gita themselves. The Gita offers
wonderful counselling to the youth and men of all ages to
understand and handle the complexities of life. Youth are misled
by alien cultures and are under the wrong impression that clubs
and pubs are the way of life. The Bhagavadgita is a guide to
channelise the energy of youth and prevent them from falling prey
to alien culture and civilisation and to realise their inner strength
and achieve greatness.
Maargasira Bahula Ekadasi is also known as “Safalaikaadasi”.

Worshipping Sri Maha Vishnu on this day will fulfil all our desires.
Maaragasira Bahula Trayodasi: (13th day of second half of

Maargasira)
Hanuman, a manifestation of Rudra is like Kamadhenu to

His devotees. Hanuman instantly blesses all His devotees who
merely chant His name. Hanumad-Vratam is performed to seek
the grace of Hanuman. Besides Devrishi Narada and Maharishi
Sounaka, Sri Rama also performed Hanumad-vratam and multiplied
His energies to defeat Ravana in the battle.

This Vratam can be performed for 13 years commencing from
Maaragasira Bahula Trayodasi as Deeksha or alternatively, it can
be performed on Maargasira Bahula Trayodasi every year wearing
a thread containing thirteen (13) knots on hand, reciting stories
from the 05 chapters of Hanumadvratam followed by offering of
wheat, rice, rava kesari, appaalu (sweet cake made from rice flour)
and gaarelu (vada). Hanumadvratam is for everyone and gives
immediate results.
On this day, worshipping God Sani, by taila-abhishekam and

offering sesame mixed rice, will rid us of all types of doshaas and
helps in getting His blessings.
Maargasira Amaavaasya
This Amaavaasya (New Moon day) is very powerful and is

apt for holy bath, meditation, penance etc.
Thus, Maagrasira Maasam and Dhanurmaasam are God incarnate,

replete with auspicious days and festivals, providing us with earthly
and heavenly happiness and pleasure.

PUSHYA MAASAM (December-January)
Pushya Maasam is the month, when the Moon is in Pushyami

Nakshatra on a full moon day. This is the tenth month. Due to
rotation of the Earth and its revolution around the Sun, days, months
and Aayanas are formed. The two Aayanas are ‘Uttarayana’ and
‘Dakshinayana’. During the period when the Earth completes one
revolution around the Sun, i.e, in an year, the Sun remains in each
Rasi for a month. The transit of Sun into each Rasi is called
Sankramanam or Sankranti. Generally, this Sankramanam takes
place during the middle of every month. So, Ravi Sankramanam in
each of the twelve rasis becomes a Sankranti.
But it is the Makara Sankramanam of the Sun in Pushya

maasam which is celebrated as Sankranti festival. The reason for
this is Uttaraayana, a very sacred period commences from the
time of Makara Sankramanam of Sun. The intensity in Sun rays
slowly gets severe from the beginning of Uttarayana i.e, 14 and
15th January in the Northern Hemisphere. So, Uttarayana is primarily
of Agni Tatwa (characteristic of Fire). From Karkataka
Sankramanam, the rays of the Sun become less intense and hence
Jala Tatwa (characteristic of water) is attributed to Dakshinayana.
These elements of Fire and Water of Uttarayana and Dakshinayana
are the forces behind existence, nurturing and protection of all
living things.
PUSHYA MAASAM (December-January) 122
Moreover, the sages described Agni Tatwa in Uttaraayana
as Siva Tatwa and Jala Tatwa in Dakshinaayana as Sakti Tatwa. It
means time is the combination of Siva and Sakti. The Uttaraayana
with Siva Tatwa and Pushya Maasam from when it commences
bring good and prosperity to mankind. “Pushyami Sarvaardha
Saadhika”- Pushyami helps us to achieve everything. This month is
also called as Pushya Phalaa - Pushya Pushpaa. It means Pushyami
grants us the flowers and fruits of good and happy results. Pushya
maasam is related to Pushyami nakshatra which is associated with
planet Sani (Saturn) and so is dear to Sani. The zodiac sign of
Makara (Capricorn) which the Sun transits into, in this month, is
the Swakshetra or own house of Saturn. So Pushya is a month that
holds a great importance for Saturn. Therefore, this month is ideal
for those who intend to reduce the effects of Sani – Dosha
(imperfections of horoscope due to position of Saturn) by way of
worship, daana (charity), japa (chanting) etc. Performing activities
like giving daan of Sani’s favourite items like jaggery, gingelly,
spinach, pumpkin pleases Sani, reduces the ill effects of Sani dosha
and blesses with good results. Pushyamaasam is an appropriate
time for worshipping Goddess Lakshmi. Worshipping Goddess
Lakshmi on Pushya Tuesdays yields best results. It mitigates all
difficulties and fulfils all our desires, more so, if done on Makara
Sankranti.
Pushya Suddha Ekadasi
The period when the Sun is in the Sagittarius corresponds to

the latter half of the Maargasira Maasam and first half of Pushya
Maasam. Though Vaikuntha Ekadasi occurs during the Pushya Maasa
as per Lunar Calendar, Vaishnavites consider Vaikuntha Ekadasi as
part of Dhanurmaasam. Whichever month a devotee may call it,
the worship of Vishnu done on this day gives the best results.
Vaikuntha Ekadasi is the best and the most glorious of all Ekadasis.
Vishnu having started His Yoga Nidra in the milky ocean on the

first Ekadasi of Aashaadha Month
wakes up on the first Ekadasi of
Karthika Maasam and enters the
Brindavanam along with Sri
Mahalakshmi, Brahma and other
Devas. Later, on the day of first
Ekadasi of Pushya Month, He enters
Vaikuntha and through the Northern gate or Uttara Dwaara, gives
darshan to all the three crore Devataas. That is why, this day is
called Vaikuntha Ekadasi or Mukkoti Ekadasi.
If Srimannarayana is worshipped while observing fast, there

will be no desire left unfullfilled. Pushya Suddha Ekadasi is also
called as ‘Putradaikaadasi’.
The second Ekadasi of Pushya month is called Shat-thil-

ekadasi meaning using of sesame in six different ways - in water
used for bath, application on body, eating, drinking the water
containing sesame, giving to elders and offering to satiate the
departed.
Pushya Suddha Dwaadasi - Kurma Dwaadasi:
On this day, Vishnu is Srikurmam Temple

worshipped in the form of
Kurma or the Tortoise with
sixteen-fold worship. Visiting
Sri Kurmam in Srikakulam,
Andhra Pradesh and
worshipping Lord Vishnu is
considered auspicious.

Bhogi Festival
The day before Makara Sankramanam i.e when the Sun enters
Makara Raasi (Zodiac sign of Capricorn) is Bhogi. On this day, girls
after taking oil bath, clean the front yard of their households and
decorate them with rangolis. Gobbi Gowrammalu (cow dung balls)
are placed on rangolis by decorating them with turmeric powder,
kumkum and flowers of pumpkin, marigold, chrysanthemum and
hibiscus.
On Bhogi day, both girls and spinsters in the village, wearing

traditional dresses, perform dance by clapping hands and singing
in chorus. The youth also actively participate in lighting up bonfire
before dawn in front of houses, temples and in public junctions.
The old and broken wooden items collected throughout the year
are offered to the God of Fire on this day. The dried cow dung
cakes which are preserved since the beginning of Dhanurmaasam

are burnt by the girls in Bhogimanta (bonfire). It is an age-old
tradition in our villages to organise bonfires on this day with a
prayer to God to save the village from evil elements and natural
calamities. On the evening of Bhogi, every Telugu house is lighted
up and one can find social gatherings, happy and playful children
and chatting girls. Girls show all their talents in arranging patterns

with toys and mud idols.
This is an activity with participation from the entire family as

boys and men help their sisters and mother in making the
arrangements. The family relations and bonds get strengthened
with such festivals and traditional functions. The message behind
organising such functions is to lead a life with mutual understanding
and help by cooperating with each other and spending time in
prayers. This is the basic principle for happiness and unity in society.
Sankranti
The auspicious day of “Makara Sankranti” is the first day of

Uttaraayana in Pushyamaasam. This day reflects a variety of good
customs and traditions. Agriculture is the primary occupation in
India and Sankranti is primarily a festival of farmers. This
Pushyamaasam is called as ‘Poushya Lakshmi’ as it yields biggest
crop of the year to farmers. The festival Sankranti is also called
Peddala Pandaga i.e the festival of ancestors/forefathers. Offering
tharpanam (offering made to satiate the departed) to the souls of
departed ancestors on this day and performing acts and deeds of
charity on their names enables them to reach higher realms.

Sankranti is the Mokkula Pandaga (festival of religious vows).
Earlier, it was a practice to wake up early in the morning on
Sankranthi and after wearing new clothes, pray to God and seek
blessings of elders in the family. But in these modern days, such
old customs and traditional practices of seeking blessings of elders
are not practiced. So, it is the responsibility of parents to make the
children aware of such practices and follow the same with value
and regard.
Another age-old custom

that one can find in villages on
Sankranti is “worship of Cow”
(Gopuja). In tradition, the cow
enjoys high status and regard.
It is believed that all Gods dwell
in sacred cow. All the five
products emanating from cow
i.e Milk (Goksheeram), Dung
(Gomayam), Ghee (Go-
Ghrutam), Urine (Go-Mootram)

and Curds (Go-dadhi) are called as “Pancha Gavyaas” and these
are utilised as material for religious rituals (Yagna Dravya). The
extraordinary qualities of Panchagavyaas are also accepted by the
scientists around the world. On the day of Sankranthi, the pious
cow is bathed and adorned after applying turmeric and Kumkum
on face and feet. Worshipping of cow on this day by chanting mantra
of ‘Surabhyai Namaha’, blesses us with good fortune.
This festival Sankranti is the festival of deeds of charity. In

the bygone days, the farmers used to offer paddy, pulses to the
needy people. Haridas (One who narrates stories taken from
mythology going house to house), Budabukkala waru (persons who
carry a small hand held drum making sound like a rattle),
“Gangireddula Vaaru” (persons who take around adorned bull trained
to greet the people), Saathaanulu (class of Vaishnavites who visit
houses and bless the people ‘Subhamastu’) earn commodities and
articles like food and clothes needed through out the year.
Bhogi is not just a festival of spirituality, it is a festival when

celebration and joy touch crescendo. The Bhogi bonfire, the colourful
rangoli made in front of the houses, Gobbi songs, games,
ceremonies involving children, display of toys, clay items, traditional
songs sung by haridasu and dance movements of bulls adorned
and decorated, the gracious movements of kites in the high skies,
banters with the newly-weds, playful quarrels and commotion

amongst the youngsters, cock fights and ram fights which happen
in the grounds of villages; all these are the festivities that Sankranti
brings.
One of the important activities during Sankranti is the

preparation of Pongali. It is a ritual to prepare pongali on the day
Sun enters Makara raasi in Uttharaayanam. It is a tradition to
prepare pongali with the newly harvested crop and offer it to Gods.
This is a ‘Yagnya’ in itself. A little pongali is put in the fire as an
offering to the Gods. Offering Pongali made of new crop is also a
form of Yagnya.
People wake up before sunrise, clean the agneya side (South-

east) of the houses with cow dung, draw Rangoli, place three new
bricks to form an oven, decorate it with turmeric and Kumkum,
take a new pot filled with cow milk, light the fire with cow dung
cakes and place the pot on the oven. On boiling, the milk is allowed
to spill. As the milk spills, people pray to Sun God and wish for
prosperity and growth in the family, similar to the boiled milk spilling
over. Pongali, is then prepared by adding newly harvested rice and
jaggery to this milk and offered to Sun God and Agni with devotion.
The day after Sankranti is celebrated as Kanuma. As our

Country’s main occupation is cultivation, cattle have always been
our prime wealth. Since the age of Vedas, it is a tradition to worship

cows and oxen. Sankranti is the festival of worshipping cattle. While
women worship the cow on Sankranti, men worship oxen on
Kanuma. On this day, oxen are not engaged in any type of work.
It is important to educate the children about the activities

performed on Makara Sankranthi festival along with true meaning
and intent. Parents should explain the importance of this festival
and its spiritual background, the traditional values, philanthropic
acts and good customs of our culture to ensure that our customs
and traditions live long and do not get lost with the passage of
time.
Pushya Bahula Saptami
On this day, Swami Vivekananda was born to Viswanath Datta

and Bhubaneswari.
As per Gregorian calendar, the date was 12th Jan, 1863. At a

very young age, he mastered the Indian scriptures and philosophy.
He became a disciple of Shri. Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. Swami
Vivekananda spread the message of Hinduism and philosophy of
Vedanta in India and abroad. He founded Ramakrishna Math and
Ramakrishna Mission. His oration at the parliament of World

Religions in 1893 in USA is now part of folklore. He toured
extensively spreading the wisdom of our ancestors. He advocated
that youth should actively be involved in nation building and for
that they need to be strong physically and be knowledgeable about
our religion and philosophy. Nationalism was always at the forefront
in his teachings. He believed in a strong India showing light to the
entire world. He attained mahasamadhi at a very young age of 39
on Jyeshta Bahula Chaturdasi, corresponding to 4th July, 1902
Vivekananda Rock Memorial, Kanyakumari
Pushya Amaavasya (new moon day of Pushya) is called

Bakula Amaavasya and Chollangi Amaavasya .

MAAGHA MAASAM (January - February)
In Maagha maasam the full Moon occurs in Makha Nakshatra.

It is the eleventh of the twelve months. ‘Agham’ means imperfection
or impurity or sin. ‘Ma’ -Agham’ means that sacred month which is
without any imperfection, impurity or sin. It is “Agha-naasini”, the
destroyer of impurity and sin. Every day in the holy month of Maagha
is worthy of worship. Many divine incidents which haven’t occurred
in any other months have occurred in this month. Therefore, Maagha
is a divine month and a favourite with all Gods. The Star ‘Makha’
belongs to ‘Ketu’, the ninth planet. Ketu blesses us with spiritual
inclination. The Sun transits in Kumbha Rasi (zodiac sign of
Aquarius) during this month. So, as per Solar calendar, this is the
month of Kumbham . This belongs to Sisira Rutu or winter.
Construction of house, if commenced in this month brings prosperity.
Though all twelve months are auspicious for a holy dip,

Aashaadha, Karthikam, Maagham and Vaisakham are considered
ideal for ablutions, the best being Maagham. In these months,
rays of the Sun and Moon which are disease preventing and
beneficial to health radiate through open sources of water like
sea, rivers, lakes, wells and ponds. Therefore, it is good to bathe
in open waters during these months as per the shastraas. The
month of Maagha, being associated with the worship of the sun, is
most ideal for these ablutions.
MAAGHA MAASAM (January - February) 132

“Dukha daaridyanaasaaya- Sri Vishno thoshanayacha
Praatah snaanam karomyaadhya maaghay papa vinaasanam”
This mantra should be chanted at Brahmi muhurta on every

day during this all cleansing month followed by chanting Gayathri
mantra and offering arghyam and salutation to Sun facing East.
‘Savitha’ in Gayatri Mantra is ‘Sun’ God. Offering arghya to Sun
while taking a holy dip in the rivers as indicated above is known as
Surya Snaanam.
Sun gives health. Taking such Surya snaanam or Sun bath

during the time of Sunrise destroys the harmful micro-organisms
which cause skin diseases, resulting in healthy and shiny skin. Apart
from this, the body gets plenty of Vitamin D which is vital for bone
strength. Our heart, kidneys, nervous system, muscles, lungs etc.
get strengthened with seven kinds of Sun rays namely Sushumnam,
Harikesam, Viswakarmam, Viswavyacham, Sampadvasam,
Arvagvasam and Swaraadwasam which are described as seven
horses of Sun. The blood circulation also gets improved. It is also
proved scientifically that Sun bath cures our skin disorders,
tuberculosis, jaundice etc. While taking Sun bath, one should keep
the leaves of beans, berry and crown flower or Arka (a plant with
milky sap) on head and shoulders for better results.

Three wonderful and glorious events took place in Maagham
making the month as Aghanaasini (destroyer of all sin)
Maagha Suddha Panchami: Sripanchami- incarnation of

Goddess Saraswati
Maagha Suddha Saptami: Radhasaptami- Manifestation of

Sun
Maagha Bahula Chaturdasi: Mahaa Sivaraatri – divine

manifestation of Siva Linga
Maagha Suddha Panchami: (fifth day of Maagha)
Saraswathi Devi, Goddess of learning, giver of knowledge,

Goddess of education and essence of all scriptures blessed the
world with Her divine manifestation on Maagha Suddha Panchami.
It is with the blessings of Goddess Saraswathi that one excels in
knowledge, soft speech, fine arts and education. Therefore, on the
day of Sri Panchami, worshipping Goddess Saraswathi with sixteen-
fold worship, chanting Saraswathi Suktam, Ashtothram, Satha/
Sahasranaamam, with white flowers and offering ksheeraannam
blesses one with good

education, wisdom, command
over language and speech,
communication skills, music,
dance, poetry writing and other
fine arts.

Moreover, during Maagha maasam, academic examinations
take place and if students are motivated to worship Goddess
Saraswathi on this day, they are bound to perform well in the exams.
Till recently, there was a practice of worshipping Goddess Saraswathi
on ‘Sri Panchami” day by the students in the schools. Those were
the golden days, when, besides the formal education, students
were also imparted value education, spiritual education and were
trained in customs, traditions and good habits. Unfortunately, our
traditional values, customs, ideal educational system etc, are getting
destroyed due to our obsession towards Western culture and
education.
Maagha Suddha Saptami: (seventh day of Maagha)
Another divine event that occurred in the month of Maagha

is the manifestation of the Sun, who is all pervading, visible God on
earth, eye of the universe, soul of all Gods, the cause of time and
its controller and the king of planets. The Sun came into being on
the first Saptami of Maagha, also called Radha Saptami. 71 Mahaa
Yugas (in mythology, a great Yuga comprising the Krita, Treta,
Dwapara and Kali Yuga and amounting to 43,20,000 years) ago
i.e, 30,67,20,000 years ago on Maagha Suddha Saptami, Sunday,
from the womb of Aditi, wife of Kasyap Prajaapathi, emerged a
golden egg which was limitless and devoid of beginning or end.
From this emerged a divine Purusha dazzling with glorious radiance.
He is Sri Suryanarayana, known as Hiranyagarbha and also known
as Aditya as he is born to Aditi.
The great radiance of supreme soul, Parabrahma, the

unmanifested and the unseen dazzling brilliance manifested itself
as the God Surya, the Sun, the giver of all light. This happened
much before the Trimurthis (Brahma, Vishnu and Siva) and other
Gods emerged, therefore the Sun is the Adi-daiva, or the First God
and is the visible form of Parabrahma. Due to the appearance of
the Sun God, all the darkness in the Universe got dispelled and

light spread all over. The Omkaaram emanated from the Sun God
and from that magnificient sound originated all the Sapta Lokas
(Seven Worlds). Fire, wind, water, sky, earth, clouds, planets and
stars emerged from the sunrays. The origin of living creatures and
their survival depends on the sun. Maagham is very dear to Sun
God and worshipping Sun in this month is ideal to get His blessings.
During Maagha maasam, the Sun enters and moves in

Kumbha Raasi (Aquarius). The day of this transit is known as Ravi-
Kumbha Sankramanam. Kumbha means kalash or water pot which
is a symbol of completeness or totality. The Sun who gives all
energy for the sustenance of this world is considered as
personification of completeness and absoluteness.
Since the Sun emerged on Sunday of Maagham, Sundays are

very dear to Him. So, on Sundays of Maagham, it is beneficial to
offer Arghyam taking water in one’s hand and offering it reverentially
to the rising Sun, ‘Baala Bhanu’ in the East and then to chant all
the twelve names of Sun and make a respectful salutation with
folded hands. The Sun is very fond of Arghyam and salutation.
Offering such Arghyams and respectful salutations during the whole
Month of Maagham which is considered as Suryamaasam, while
reading Aditya hridayam, Surya Kavacham, Surya Suktam and Aditya
Mandala Stuthi blesses us with health and longevity. If we take
bath on Radhasaptami day keeping leaves of Jilledu (Crown flower
or Calatropis Gigantea, a plant with milky sap) beans and arka on
head, we can experience cosmic solar energy. Amla, Tulasi (sacred
basil), Bilva, Ashwattha (Peepal tree), Neem and Arka trees are
favourites of Sun. If these trees are planted in our houses, diseases
can be kept away.
The Sun, God of Light and Energy is associated with red

flowers like Ganneru (Oleander), Mandaaram (Hibiscus Rosa
Sinensis, red hibiscus), red rose and lotus and with food items like
Kshiraannam, Pongali , wheat paayasam , bananas, dates and
grapes.

Lighting of ghee lamps especially on Sundays and
Rathasaptami is said to be beneficial to our eyesight; lighting lamps
with bitter tasting oils like neem is said to give victories over
enemies; lighting lamps with mahua oil gives prosperity; lighting
lamps with sesame oil is said to bless us with Suryaloka. In case of
any dosham or deficiency in the horoscope, offering a piece of red
cloth and lighting a lamp with a wick made out of red cloth in
sesame oil on all Sundays in Maagham reduces the evil effects of
such dosha.
Maagha Suddha Ekadasi is also called as Jai-Ekadasi.

Dwaparayuga Ugadi is another name of Maagha Bahula
Trayodasi.
Maagha Poornima: (Full moon of Maagha)
Though full moon days of all the twelve months possess

divine powers, the three full Moon days which occur in Maagha,
Vaisakha and Karthika are the most powerful and bless us with
health and wealth. Scriptures say, these full Moon days should not
be wasted but spent purposefully performing Snaana (holy bath),
Dhyana (Chanting), Tapas (Penance) and Puja (worship). Taking a
holy dip on the day of Maagha Poornima is as good as taking a dip
on each day of the month. Fasting by women on the full moon days
blesses them with good health and children. Sri Maha Lakshmi is
also very fond of Poornima. At the time before sunset on this day,
if one lights a lamp near tulasi plant and worships Goddess Lakshmi
in full Moon light, offering milk and ksheerannam (rice cooked in
milk), Goddess Lakshmi dwells in that house forever.
If this full Moon day occurs on Monday or Friday, then it

becomes more hallowed and such full moon day is called ‘Maha
Maaghi’

Maagha Krishna Chaturdasi (14th day of the second half
of Maagha)
The second Chatrudasi (Bahula Chaturdasi) of every Lunar

month is called Maasa Sivaratri. When this comes in the month of
Maagha, it is called Maha Sivaraatri. On this hallowed day of the
second Chaturdasi of Maagha, the unmanifest, latent, invisible,
divine radiance of Parama Siva manifested into Maha Jyothirlinga,
a pillar of divine light
which was devoid of
beginning, middle or
end. The divine Linga
appeared at midnight.
On this day, the

devotees start the
worship and abhisheka
of Shiva in the morning
and wake up till the
Lingodbhava punya kaal
(the sacred time when
the Lingam appeared)
while maintaining fast
throughout. Devotees
believe that the
blessing they get from
Him on doing this
enables them to achieve anything in this world. Siva is also called

‘Asuthosh’, one who is easily pleased with the worship of His
devotees. Abhishekam or devotional ablution and worship using
the bilva leaves is to His liking.
He is easy to please and showers His blessings and boons

on His devotees who worship Him with mere water and bilva leaves
with pure heart and genuine devotion. His largesse towards His
devotees knows no bounds especially on Maha Sivaratri. He fills

the earth with all that is good and pure.
The lamp one lights on this day washes one of all one’s sins
of previous lives. That is why devotees light lamps in temples on
this day in the shape of Sivalingam and perform Jyothirlinga-archana
or worship of Lingam in the form of lamps. If one offers a Brahmin
red coloured clothes and lamps with cow ghee, it results in peace,
happiness and prosperity.
Maagha Amaavasya: ( New moon day of Maagha)
The Maagha Amaavasya is believed to be another form of

Lord Siva. It is auspicious for “Pitru-tarpanams” (offering made to
the forefathers). The Pitru-tarpanams offered on this day enable
Pitrudevatas (souls of the departed ancestors) to attain the Sivaloka,
abode of Siva.
As this Maagha maasam is holy and sacred, a great

Bhaagavata (devotee), Bhishmacharya who was wounded very
badly in the battle field of Kurukshetra, held on to his life till
‘Aghanaasini’ of Uttaraayana Punyakaalam arrived and left his body
on Maagha Suddha Ashtami (8th day of Maagha) voluntarily and
attained unison with Lord Krishna and this day is known as
“Bhishma-ashtami”. The “Maagha Suddha Ekadasi” that occurs after
the death of
Bhishma is called as
“Bhishmaikaadasi”.
On these two pious
days, it is auspicious
to read “Vishnu
Sahasranaama
Stotram” composed
by Bhishma himself.
Krishna blesses all
those who recite it.

PHAALGUNA MAASAM (February-March)
The last of the twelve months of Lunar Calendar is Phaalguna

Maasam. In this month, full Moon is in “Poorva Phalguni” or “Uttara
Phalguni” Nakshatra. It is part of Sisira Season (winter).
Venus is the ruling planet of the Poorva Phalguni Nakshatra.

Uttara Phalguni or Uttara nakshatra is associated with Sun. It is
‘Meena Maasam’ because the Sun moves in Meena raasi (Pisces)
in the Phaalguna month. Therefore, as per Solar Calendar, this is
Meena Maasam. The transit of Sun to Pisces (Meena Sankramanam)
is the most convenient time for Vrata, Japa and Paarayana.
Since the days get warmer due to increasing intensity of Sun

and nights are cold during this season, people suffer from fever,
cough, cold etc.
Just like Maargasiram is described as a form of Vishnu, the

Phaalguna maasam as per Bhagawatam is very dear to Vishnu. It
is mentioned in Bhagawatam that observing ‘Payovratam’ for twelve
days from ‘Phaalguna Suddha Paadyami to Suddha Dwaadasi’ is
very beneficial and fulfils one’s desires. In Kritayuga, the mother of
Gods, Aditi was blessed with Vaamana as son after observing this
Payovratam. Vamana-avataar is the first of all dasaavataaras (ten
incarnations) of SrimanNarayana in human form. By observing
Payovratam, Aditi was blessed with Sri Hari Himself as her son.
PHAALGUNA MAASAM (February-March) 140

So, this vratam is performed to beget worthy children. During these
twelve days of Phaalguna, giving cow, paddy or clothes as charity
to the needy will beget blessings of Govinda.
Worshipping Ganesha on Phaalguna Suddha Chavithi by

performing Putra Ganapathi Vratam blesses the devotee with
children. On this day, Ganesha is worshipped in a similar manner
as on Vinayaka Chavithi.
On Phaalguna Suddha Chavithi, Avighna Ganapathi Vratam

is undertaken.
Phaalguna Suddha Ekadasi
This is a very significant Ekadasi. Worshipping Narayana,

observing fast and chanting His names yields desired results.
Phaalguna Bahula Ekadasi is also known as Paapavimochyaikadasi
or Paapanaasyaikaadasi. It is the day on which Sri Chaitanya Maha
Prabhu was born.
In addition to the 24 Ekadasis occurring in twelve Months

mentioned in previous chapters, Ekadasi that occurs in Sukla Paksha
during Adhika Maasam is called as Subhadra Ekadasi and Ekadasi
of Krishna Paksha in any Adhika Maasa is called as Kamala Ekadasi.
Phaalguna Poornima (full moon day of Phaalguna)
This is also called as ‘Madana Poornima or ‘Kaamuni Poornima’.

It is spiritually a very powerful day having many special and unique
qualities. This is the day when Siva who was in deep penance
burnt Manmatha (God of Love) to ashes with fire that emanated
from His eyes as Manmatha shot arrows of Kaama (lust and passion)
to disturb the penance. Effigy of Manmatha is burnt on the midnight
of full moon day amidst fun and frolic by youth and children to
symbolise ‘Kaamadahanam’.
The philosophy behind Kaama-dahanam is unique. The word

‘Manmatha’ means one who churns the mind. Here churning means
disturbance to the mind. The mind is the place where the ideas,
desires, decisions and feelings originate. Manmatha takes our mind
into his control, disturbs it, fills it with various desires and wishes
and destroys peace of mind. ‘Kamadahana’ in this context means
to burn him (Manmatha) with constant effort (Sadhana) without
allowing him (Kama) to enter our mind. Lord Siva did the same by
way of burning Manmatha to ashes. That’s why he was called as
Kaama-ari (the enemy of Manmatha). Unfortunately, for present
day youth, this significance has been lost and the day has merely
remained as an event of entertainment.
Holi or Holika was a demon. During the period of Raghunatha,

a king in the lineage of Sun in Kritayuga, children in the kingdom
used to die mysteriously. A demon Holika was responsible for this.
So, the king decided to give relief to his subjects from the atrocities
of ‘Holika’, the cruel female demon. Just then, Rishi Narada arrived
and told the King, “No doubt, Holika is a demon but she is a lady
and killing a lady is a great sin. It is against the Dharma of Kshatriya.
Therefore, give up the idea of killing her and worship her with
water of various colours. It will satiate her and calm her”.
Immediately the king made his subjects invoke Holika into

every house of his kingdom, worship her with sixteen types of
services, chant ‘Sri Holika yai namaha’ and worship her with the
sloka below and then sprinkle coloured water on each other saying
“Sri Holika Preetyardham”
Vanditaasi surendraena brahmana sankarena cha
Atassatyam paahino devi bhute bhutiprado bhava
That day was ‘Phaalguna Poornima’. Accordingly, all the people

followed the instructions of King. Not only that year, on every
Phaalguna Pournami, people observed the same and Holika was
pleased and as a result, the deaths of kids in that Kingdom stopped.
Since then, the people joyfully celebrated ‘Holikotsav’ on every

Phaalguna Pournami. The word ‘Holika’ changed into ‘Holi’ in public
usage.
This Poornima is called as “Dola Poornima” in Bengal and

Orissa. Sri Krishna is worshipped by placing His idol in cradle on
this day in these areas. The scriptures say that darshan of Krishna
in cradle on this day, blesses the devotees with Go-loka, the holy
abode of Radha-Krishna. A grand celebration ‘Krishna Mahotsavam’
is done on this full Moon day in Brindavan and places related to Sri
Krishna.
Phaalguna Pournami - Jayanti (Birthday) of Sri Maha

Lakshmi
Namostu naaleeka nibhananaayai- namostu dugdhodadhi janma

bhoomyai
Namostu somaamruta sodarayai- namostu Naraayana vallabhayai

Phaalguna Pournami is the birthday of Sri Maha Lakshmi-
Giver of all wealth, consort of Sri Hari, daughter of Ocean of Milk,
sister of the Moon and Amruta (Ambrosia). One begets fortune,
name and fame by worshipping, praising, and remembering the
glory of Sri Maha Lakshmi on this holy day.
Sri Maha Lakshmi is visible to mankind in the form of nature.

The Paramaatma (super soul) cannot create the universe without
nature; He becomes incapable to accomplish anything without Her.
He can create, feed and protect the world provided He is with
‘Energy’ i.e Mother Lakshmi. Adi Sankaraacharya described this
great truth in Soundarya Lahari:
Siva saktya yukto yadi bhavati saktah prabhavitum
Na che devam devo Na khalu kusalaha spanditu mapi
Mahadevi appeared from right side of Paramatma, the

Supreme Soul at the beginning of creation. Similarly, another divine
form exactly similar to Her in all respects appeared from left side
of Paramaatma. The divine form that appeared from left side,
became Sri Maha Lakshmi and the divine form from right side became
‘Radha Devi’. Then Paramatma manifested himself into two forms;
He took the divine form of Srimannarayana emerging from his left
side with four hands holding the Conch Shell and Sudarshana Chakra
(Sankha and Chakra) and reached Vaikuntha with Sri Mahalakshmi.
The right part became Lord Krishna with two hands and reached
Go-loka as ‘Lord of Radhaa’. This incident took place on Phaalguna
Poornima. That is the reason why the devotees worship both
Lakshmi—Narayana and Radha-Krishna on this day.
Only Phaalguna Purnima possesses such association with

Goddess Lakshmi among all twelve Poornimas (full Moon days).
That’s why it is so powerful, beneficial and does immense good to
mankind.

Phaalguna Bahula Padyami- Vasantotsav
The Vasantotsavam (festival of Spring) signifies end of winter

season and onset of Spring. Phaalguna Bahula Paadyami follows
the day of the very holy full Moon day when Kaama Dahana- Holika
Prasannam and divine appearance of Lakshmi-Narayana and Radha-
Krishna took place. The Vasant Festival- festival of joy on Paadyami
is the continuation of these joyful events that occurred at different
times.
Our Scriptures say that coloured water prepared by adding

powders of different colours should be sprinkled on each other
amongst relatives and friends on this day. We all enjoy this playful
sprinkling of coloured water and applying coloured pastes and
powders on each other- this is Vasanta-utsavam.
The tradition of ‘Playing Vasantam’ is very old as evidenced

by Indian literature. On reading Ramayana stories in vogue in
various parts of the country, we can understand that it was in
practice since yore. This practice was in vogue in marriages of
Andhra Pradesh till a few decades back. This Vasant festival- festival
of joy is one of the ancient customs and traditions vanishing

gradually on account of blind following of Western culture.
In whichever manner people celebrated this occasion in the

past, it is seen that in modern days, celebrations are going from
bad to worse. The idea behind this Vasantotsavam festival is noble
and respectful. Celebration is a symbol of mutual love, affection
and unity.
Another event that takes place on this day is Choota Kusuma

Bhakshanam (eating of flowers of mango tree). After waking up
early in the morning, one has to take head bath and sit facing east
on a piece of white cloth spread over ground that was previously
cleaned using cowdung. Then one has to eat the flowers of mango
mixed with sandal wood paste after a married lady puts Kumkum
and sandal wood paste on one’s fore head and gives Nirajanam.
This brings good fortune and fulfils every prayer. In addition to
this, it acts as a medicine to treat stomach and digestion related
problems and kills worms in stomach.
Our scriptures say that this festival should be celebrated in

a grand manner along with relatives and friends - applying
Sindhuram powder, sandal powder etc on each other and giving
Tamboolam (Betel leaf pan) accompanied by dance, music etc.
Unfortunately, today not many know even the name of this occasion,
Choota Kusuma Bhakshanam, the celebration of which increases
love and affection and unity among relatives and friends.
Phaalghuna Amaavasya: (New moon day of Phaalguna)
This is known as ‘New Amaavasya’ and it is the last day of

the year. New year commences from next day i.e from Chitra Suddha
Paadyami. As it (Amaavasya) comes just before the new year day,
it is called as New Amaasvasya.
Though Phaalguna is the last of the 12 months, its relevance

in association with divinity is unparalleled.

All the twelve months, the thithis and auspicious moments
in these months and the festivals we celebrate have spiritual
undertones. All of them aim at the all-round development and
progress of the society and people. They depict the richness of our
culture and civilisation, good customs and valuable traditions derived
out of thousands of years of observing and experiencing Nature
and divinity. Modern day youngsters are unable to understand the
values behind our festivals and traditions, being attracted by the
outward show of foreign cultures. Our spiritual and cultural heritage
and traditions which receive applause all over the world are not
understood and practiced by our own younger generation. The
reason for this is lack of understanding about our history and
ancestors- caused due to removal of the practice of imparting such
cultural education in schools in the name of ‘Secularism’ and lack
of time, patience and discipline among elders to educate their
children at home.
A small effort has been made to create interest and increase

understanding about our traditions and festivals among both elders
and youngsters through this book. It is a great pleasure if this
sincere effort succeeds even to a small extent.
“Lokaassamasta sukhino bhavanthu”
(Let there be happiness everywhere)

ABOUT AUTHOR
Name Smt. Singaraju Krishna Kumari
(9440374575)
Education M.A. (Lit) B.Ed
Career Head Mistress, Sisuvidya Mandir, Hyderabad
(Affiliated to Bharatiya Vidyapeeth)
Founder Principal,
Oasis Day School, Hyderabad
Interests Spending quality time with books of literary,

historical and spiritual values, inclination
towards classical music, traditional and folk
dances and extremely fond of visiting places
of religious importance. Organising cultural
activities and functions for students while in
service.
Present activities Conduct of spiritual, literary, cultural and
religious functions in Shri Prasannanjaneya
Swami temple in Navodaya colony.
Spiritual realm Delivering spiritual and religious discourses

on various topics - Soundarya Lahari,
Sivananda Lahari, Ananda Lahari, Mukunda
Maala, Shri Ramakarnaamrutam,
Ramanayam, Bhagavatam, Thiruppavai,
Thiruvembavai, Narayaneeyam, Sri Lalitha
“Manidweeepa Varnana”, lives of great
musicians like Sri Tyagaraja Swami,
Annamacharya, Purandara Das, Narayana
Theerthulu etc. Discources and commentary
on Tiruppavai and great musical
masterpieces of Tyagaraja especially
Pancharatna keerthanas in various temples
along with her friend Smt. Vijaya
Gopalakrishnan for nearly 15 years.
Literary domain Writing articles on various spiritual aspects,

commentaries on Upanishads, Telugu and
Sanskrit literature, inspiring personalities like
Ramana Maharshi, Vemana etc for various
magazines like Saivamatha Prabodhini,
Telugu Velugu, Rushipeetham, Viswa
Chaitanya, Aaradhana, Srisaila Prabha, Sri
Kanakadurga Prabha etc. She also authored
other works including Maa Theertha
Yaathralu, Part 1 and Part 2,
Kalacharithra (Telugu)
Personal Smt Krishna Kumari leads a retired life in

Hyderabad. Her husband, Sri. S. Mallikarjuna
Rao is a retired Central Govt. Officer and
actively participates in spiritual and

community activities.
Her daughter, Smt Padmini is an MA in

English, Kovida in Sanskrit, Kuchipudi dancer
and an MBA. She is married to Sri. L. Syam
Prasad who is a COO in a multinational
company; they have a daughter Smt. Aparna
Aparajitha and son-in-law, Sri. Ananta
Yasaswy.
The author’s son, Sri. S.V.R. Chandra Sekhar

and daughter-in-law, Smt S.Praveena are
both Civil servants of 20 year standing and
share common interests as her; their children
Kum. Gayathri Sivathmika and Karthikeya are
students.

Notes :

Kalacharithra - Our Traditions, - Singaraju Krishna Kumari

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Kalacharithra - Our Traditions, - Singaraju Krishna Kumari

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Our traditions, our festivals

Singaraju Krishna Kumari

Edition : Plava, Vaisakha (May 2021)

Cell : 98492 50784 E-Mail : geetaprakashan7@gmail.com

our sages who built in all the knowledge and wisdom

Kalacharithra - Our traditions, our festivals 2

1. CHAITRA MAASAM (March - April) ... 21

2. VAISAKHA MAASAM (April - May) ... 33

3. JYESHTA MAASAM (May - June) ... 44

4. AASHAADHA MAASAM (June - July) ... 50

5. SRAVANA MAASAM (July - August) ... 60

6. BHAADRAPADA MAASAM (August-September) ... 69

7. AASWEEYUJA MAASAM (September-October) ... 83

8. KARTHIKA MAASAM (October - November) ... 99

9. MAARGASIRA MAASAM (November-December) ... 115

10. PUSHYA MAASAM (December - January) ... 123

11. MAAGHA MAASAM (January - February) ... 133

12. PHAALGUNA MAASAM (February - March) ... 141

Kalacharithra - Our traditions, our festivals 3

Time, for our ancestors wasn’t a linear concept. It was cyclic.

Our ancestors predicted the exact movements of the Moon,

As centuries after centuries rolled on, the Indian society

Kalacharithra - Our traditions, our festivals 4

However with the advent of the foreigners and the forceful

The author of the book, Smt. Krishna Kumari, our mother, is

Kalacharithra - Our traditions, our festivals 5

Prathama or Padyami First day of the Fortnight

Dwitiya or Vidiya Second day

Thrithiya or Tadiya Third day

Chavithi or Chaturthi Fourth day

Panchami Fifth day

Shashti Sixth day

Saptami Seventh Day

Ashtami Eighth day

Navami Ninth day

Dasami Tenth day

Ekadasi Eleventh day

Dwaadasi Twelfth day

Thrayodasi Thirteenth day

Chaturdasi Fourteenth day

Pournami or Amaavaasya Full moon or

the new moon day

While months in Gregorian calendar are merely twelve

Kalacharithra - Our traditions, our festivals 6

There are twelve months in the Indian lunar calendar. Name

Name of the Month Nakshatra during Full Moon

The 60 years as per Hindu Time calculation:

Prabhava, Vibhava, Shukla, Pramoda, Prajotpatti, Aangirasa,

One samvatsara consists of two ayanas. Each ayana is spread

Compiling works of this nature and presenting in English has

Kalacharithra - Our traditions, our festivals 8

The intention behind this compilation is to provoke a thought

Ever since we were kids, we were in great awe of Smt.

Kalacharithra - Our traditions, our festivals 9

We consider it our great fortune that being the children of

Our effort would be well served if our younger generations

Kalacharithra - Our traditions, our festivals 10

Dr. T.H Chowdary

Padma Shree Awardee

Fellow, Tata Consultancy Services

#8 P&T Colony, Kharkhana, Secunderabad – 500009