Title: Number System

Chapter: Number System

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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

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Exercise – 1
Section (A)
Comprehension-1 (Q. No. 1 to 3)
Counting numbers have fascinated human mind from time immemorial. The first set he seems to have
pondered about is the set of natural numbers, N. Various subsets of this set were defined. Note worthy
among them are
Prime Number :- If a natural number has exactly two divisors it is called a prime number. Yet another way to
define it is as a natural number, other than 1, which is divisible by 1 & it self only.
Simple examples are 2, 3, 5, 7, .........
{2, 3} in the only set of consecutive primes.
Composite numbers :- A natural number having more than 2 divisors is called a composite number.
Simple examples are 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, ............
Note that 1 is neither prime nor composite.
Coprime or relatively prime numbers :- A pair of natural numbers is called a set of coprime numbers if their
highest common factor (HCF) or greatest common divisor (g.c.d.) is 1.
For example 8 & 5 are co-prime
Note that these two numbers need not be prime.
More over 1 is coprime with every natural numbers.
A prime number is coprime with all natural numbers which are not it's multiple.
Twin Prime :- A pair of primes is called twin primes if their non-negative difference is '2'
For example {3, 5}, {5, 7}, {11, 13},..........
Based on above definitions solve the following problems
1. Number of prime numbers less than 10 is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

2. Number of composite numbers less than 15 is

(A) 10 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 7

3. Let p & q be the number of natural numbers which are less than or equal 20 and are prime & composite
respectively, then 20 – p – q is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 3

Comprehension-2 (Q. No. 4 to 6)

The natural numbers were not sufficient to deal with various equations that mathematicians encountered
so some new sets of numbers were defined
Whole Numbers (W) = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ................}
Integers (Z or I) = {......, –3, –2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, .........}
Even Integers :- Integers divisible by 2, they are expressed as 2n, nZ.
Odd Integers :- Integers not divisible by 2, they are expressed as 2n + 1 or 2n – 1, nZ.
4. If m2 – n2 = 7, where m, n  Z, then number of ordered pairs (m, n) is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

5. Difference of squares of two odd integers is always divisible by

(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 16 (D) 8

6. If m, nN and m2 – n2 = 13, then (m + 1)(n + 1) is equal to

(A) 42 (B) 56 (C) 50 (D) None of these

7. Number of ordered pairs of integers (n, m) for which n2 – m2 = 14 is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4

8. Identify the correct statement

(A) If a, b, c are odd integers a + b + c cannot be zero
(B) If a, b, c are odd integers a2 + b2 – c2  0
(C) If a2 + b2 = c2, then at least one of a, b, c is even, given that a, b, c are integers
(D) If a2 + b2 = c2 where a, b, c are integers then c > a + b

9. If n2 + 2n – 8 is a prime number where nN, then n is

(A) also a prime number (B) relatively prime to 10
(C) relatively prime to 6 (D) a composite number

10. If n2 – 11n + 24 = 0 is satisfied by n1 & n2 where n2 > n1 then

(A) n12 + n2 is prime number (B) n1 & n2 – n1 are co-prime
(C) n1 & n2 – n1 are twin primes (D) n1 + n2 + n1n2 has 2 prime divisors

Comprehension - (Q. No. 11 & 12)

The number system consisting of integers and its subsets lead to substantial insight in mathematical
churning, yet several hurdles were encountered in dealing with plethora of other mathematical equations
especially those of polynomial equations. Hence a need was felt to extend the known set of numbers.
This paved way for defining rational numbers, irrational numbers and real numbers.
p
Rational Numbers (Q) :- Numbers which can be expressed in the form , p,qI, q  0. Terminating and recurring
q
decimals are also rational numbers.
Note that all integers are also rational numbers
2 4 11
Ex :- , , , 0.123 , 3.125 ....
3 9 3
p
Irrational Numbers :- Real numbers which cannot be expressed in the form , p,qI, q  0 are called irrational
q
numbers. Non-terminating and non-recurring decimals are irrational numbers.
Ex :- 2 3 3 , , e.
22 355
value of  is generally approximated by , 3.14, .
7 113
value of e is generally approximated by 2.71828
22 355
Note that   ,   3.14,   , e  2.71828
7 113
22
Infact 3.14 <  < .
7
It is noteworthy that irrational numbers are not defined as what they are instead they are defined as what
they are not. Hence if a number is to be proved as an irrational number there is no direct way. We
generally assume it to be a rational number which upon further calculation leads to a contradiction, thus
establishing the fact that it is an irrational number.
Set of Real numbers (R) is set consisting of rational and irrational numbers.
Given below are some trivial methods of dealing with problems involving rational and irrational numbers.
Note -1 : If a, b, c, d  Q and  is an irrational number such that a + b = c + d  a=c&b=d
In other words we compare rational & irrational terms on both the sides, for example
(i) If b, c  Q 2+b 5 =c+7 5  c = 2 and b = 7
3+ 2
(ii) If a, b  Q such that = a + b 2 , then
2+ 2
 3+ 2 2− 2 4− 2 4− 2 1
LHS = . = = =a+b 2 (RHS)  a = 2 and b = –
2+ 2 2− 2 4−2 2 2
p
Note-2 : If x is a recurring decimal then it is a rational number and we can always express it as ,
q
q  0, p,q,I, for example.
(i) x = 0.12  100x = 12.12
12 4
subtracting we get 99x = 12  x= =
99 33
(ii) x = 0.27  10x = 2.7  100x = 27.7
25 5
subtracting we get 90x = 25  x= =
90 18
(iii) x = 2.123  10x = 21.23  1000x = 2123.23
2102 1051
subtracting we get 990x = 2102  x= =
990 445
11. Which of the following number is irrational
4 3 8 7𝜋
(A) √ (B) √ (C) (D)  + √16 − 8𝜋 + 𝜋 2
9 27 22

𝑝
12. If p, q  N and 0.12 = where p and q are relatively prime then identify which of the following is incorrect
𝑞
(A) p is a prime number (B) q – p is a prime number
(C) q + p is a prime number (D) q is a prime number

13. Consider the following statements

(i) The sum of a rational number with an irrational number is always irrational.
(ii) The product of two rational numbers is always rational.
(iii) The product of two irrationals is always irrationals.
(iv) The sum of two rational is always rational.
(v) The sum of two irrationals is always irrational.
The correct order of True/False of above statements is :
(A) T F T F F (B) F F T T T (C) T T F T F (D) T T F F T

14. The equation 7x2 – (7 + 22)x + 22 = 0 has

(A) equal roots (B) a root which is negative
(C) rational roots only (D) a rational root and an irrational root.

15. There are four prime numbers written in ascending order. The product of the first three is 385 and that of
the last three is 1001. The last number is :
(A) 11 (B) 13 (C) 17 (D) 19

16. Find out (A + B + C + D) such that AB x CB = DDD, where AB and CB are two-digit numbers and DDD is
a three-digit number.
(A) 21 (B) 19 (C) 17 (D) 18

39 2 − 5
17. Let a, bQ such that = a + b 2 , then
3− 2
b
(A) is a rational number (B) b and a are coprime rational numbers
a
(C) b – a is a composite number (D) a + b is a rational number

18. Identify the correct statement

(A) If x  Q  xQ (B) If x2Q and x7Q  xQ
(C) If x3Q and x7  Q  xQ (D) If x4Q and x11Q  xQ

1 2 1 1 1
19. If x = 3 + 2 , then find x + , x + 2 , x3 + 3 , x4 + 4
x x x x

1 1 1
20. Find the sum + + + ......... upto 99 terms.
1+ 2 2+ 3 3+ 4
21. Remove the irrationality in the denominator
2 −1 1
(i) (ii)
2 +1 1 + 2 + 3

22. If a two-digit number is divided by the number having same digits written in reverse order, we get 4 as
quotient and 3 as remainder and if the number is divided by the sum of the digits then 8 as a quotient
and 7 as a remainder is obtained. Find the number.

1
23. Let y = , then the value of y is
1
2+
1
3+
1
2+
3 + ...........
13 + 3 13 − 3 15 + 3 15 − 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2

24. If 3 + 2 2 = a + b 2 , then a & b (a, b  Q) are respectively equal to

3− 2
13 9 9 13 13 7 7 7
(A) , (B) , (C) , (D) ,
7 7 7 7 7 9 9 13

25. Which of these five numbers 2 , 3

0.8 , 4
0.00016 ,
3
−1 , (0.09) −1 , is (are) rational :
(A) none (B) all (C) the first and fourth (D) only fourth and fifth

26. If A & B are two rational numbers and AB, A + B and A − B are rational numbers, then A/B is :
(A) always rational (B) never rational
(C) rational when B  0 (D) rational when A  0

27. Column –  Column – 

22
(A) Even number (p)
7
(B) Rational number (q) 
(C) Irrational number (r) 0
(D) Real number (s) 2
(t) 1.234

28. Match the column

Consider the number N = 123X43Y where x & y are digits 0  X  9 and 0  Y  9. Now answer the
following
(A) If N is divisible by 2, then the sum of all possible (p) 57
values of y will be
(B) If N is divisible by 3, then the sum of all possible (q) 17
value of x + y will be
(C) If N is divisible by 6, then number of orded pairs (x, y) (r) 20
can be
(D) If N is divisible by 9, then the sum of possible value of (s) 19
x + y will be

1 2 3 5049 
5050 −  + + + ....... +
 2 3 4 5050  x
29. The value of x satisfying the equation = is
1 1 1 5050
1 + + + ....... +
2 3 5050
(A) 1 (B) 5049 (C) 5050 (D) 5051

Section (B)
1. 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + .......times =
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) ±3
 1  2 
2. If x = 8 – 60 , then  x+  =
2  x
(A) 5 (B) 3 (C) 2 5 (D) 2 3
+3 5
3. If = a+b 5 , a, b are rational numbers, then (a, b) =
4−3 5
 61 −24   −61 24   61 24   −61 −24 
(A)  , (B)  , (C)  ,  (D)  ,
 29 29   29 29   29 29   29 29 

4. The square root of 11 + 112 is -

(A) 7+2 (B) 7+ 2 (C) 2 − 7 (D)None
5. The square root 5 + 2 6 is -
(A) 3+2 (B) 3− 2 (C) 2− 3 (D) 3+ 2

6. 21 − 4 5 + 8 3 − 4 15 =
(A) 5 −2+2 3 (B) − 5 − 4 − 12 (C) − 5 + 4 + 12 (D) − 5 − 4 + 12
4
7. If = a + b − c, then which of the following can be true-
2+ 3 + 7
(A) a = 1, b = 4/3, c = 7/3 (B) a = 1, b = 2/3, c = 7/9
(C) a = 2/3, b = 1, c = 7/3 (D) a = 7/9, b = 4/3, c = 1

( ) ( )
x2 −3 x2 −3
8. If 5 + 2 6 + 5−2 6 = 10, then x =

(A) 2, 2 (B) 2 ,– 2 (C) 2, + 2 (D) 2, –2, 2,– 2

1
  1 1 3 4

9.  5  8 + 27 3   =
3
   

(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 4

10. (13+ 23+ 33+ 43)–3/2=

(A) 10–3 (B) 10–2 (C) 10–4 (D) 10–1

11. (0.000729) –3/4× (0.09)–3/4=

103 105 10 2 106
(A) (B) (C) (D)
33 35 32 36
−2 / 3
 1 −12 
4   
12.     =
  X  

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
X2 X4 X3 X
x3  3 x5
13. × 30
x77 =
5
x 3

(A) x76/15 (B)x78/15 (C) x79/15 (D)x77/15

3/ 4 7/6 7−x
 5  5  5
14.  6  when divided by   becomes   , the value of x is
 6  6
7 89 8 10
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 12 12 12
 x 2 = x k , then k =
4 3
15. If
2 1
(A) (B) 6 (C) (D) 7
6 6
2
  −21  2 
16.  7   5   253 =
 
 
5 7 5
(A) (B) (C) 35 (D) −
7 5 7
−2
 d3 
2 –1 3
17. (2d e ) ×   =
 e
(A) 8e–2 (B) 8e–3 (C) 8e–1 (D) 8e–4

18. If 9x = 3 92 , then x =
2 4 1 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

n
19. If (am)n= a m , then express 'm' in the terms of n is (a > 0, a 0, m > 1, n > 1)
 1 
   1   1
n −1
(A) n 
(B) n  n +1

(C) n n 
 
(D) None

( 4)
1
3
2x+
2 
20. If = , then x =
32
(A) –2 (B) 4 (C) –6 (D) –4
 Answer Key
Section (A)
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (D) 6. (B) 7. (A)
8. (A), (B), (C) 9. (A), (B) 10. (A), (B), (C), (D) 11. (C) 12. (D)
13. (C) 14. (D) 15. (B) 16. (A) 17. (A), (B), (D)
18. (A), (B), (C), (D) 19. 2 3 , 10, 18 3 , 98 20. 9
2+ 2 − 6
21. (i) 2 −1 (ii) 22. 71 23. (D) 24. (A)
4
25. (D) 26. (C)
27. (A) → (r), (B) → (p, r, t), (C) → (q, s), (D) → (p, q, r, s, t)
28. (A) → (r), (B) → (p), (C) → (q), (D) → (s)
29. (C)

Section (B)
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (A) 5. (D) 6. (C) 7. (A)
8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (A) 11. (D) 12. (A) 13. (D) 14. (B)
15. (C) 16. (A) 17. (C) 18. (B) 19. (A) 20. (D)

Solution
Section (A)
1. Prime No. {2, 3, 5, 7}

2. Composite number < 15 = {4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14}

3. Except 1 every natural number is either prime or composite.

4. (m + n)(m – n) = 7 × 1 = (–7) × (–1)

m+n=7 or m+n=1
m–n=1 or m–n=7  m = 4, n = 3 m = 4, n = +3
m + n = –7 or m + n = –1
m – n = –1 or m – n = –7  m = –4, n = –3 m = –4, n = +3

6. n1 = 3 , n2 = 8

7. (n + m)(n – m) = 7.2 or (–7) × (–2)

= 14.1 or (–14) × (–1)
On solving
We do not get any integer value of n & m.

9. n2 + 2n – 8 = p  (n + 1) = p + 9  n  N so p + 9 is a perfect square
So p can only be 7  n=3

10. n2 – 11n + 24 = 0
 (n – 8) (n – 3) = 0
 n = 3, 8
 n2 = 8, n1 = 3

11 – 12. x = 0.1 2
10x = 1. 2 …..(1)
100x = 12. 2 …..(2)
(2) – (1)
90x = 11
11
X=
90
P = 11, q = 90

13. Obvious

(7 + 22)  (7 + 22)2 − 4(22).7 (7 + 22)  (7 − 22)

14. x= =
14 14
 44 22
A = ,  = = → rational root
14 7
irrational

15. Let the given prime numbers be a, b, c, d. Then, abc = 385 and bcd = 1001.
abc 385 a 5
 =  = So, a = 5, d = 13.
bcd 1001 d 13

16. AB and CB are two two-digit numbers with the same unit digit.
Therefore, R.H.S. should also be a multiplication of two two-digit numbers with the same unit digit.
R.H.S. = DDD = D x 111 = D x 3 x 37.
Now 37 is a two-digit number with 7 as the unit digit. Therefore , 3D should also be a two-digit number
with 7 as the unit–digit
 D = 9 and 3D = 27. Therefore, 27 x 37 = 999. Hence, A = 2, B = 7, C = 3 and D =9 and A + B + C + D
= 2 + 7 + 3 + 9 = 21.

39 2 − 5 3+ 2 112 2 + 63
17.  =9+ b 2  = a+b 2
3− 2 3+ 2 7
16 2 + 9 = a + b 2  A = 9, b = 16

18. (A) x = Q,  x = Q12

Also rational number
(B) x 2 = Q1  x6 = Q13
x 7 = Q2
Q
x7 /x6 = 32 (rational number) similar (D)
Q1
(C) x 3 = Q1  x6 = Q12 (rational number)
7
x Q1
x 7 = Q2 6
=
x Q12
Q1
x7 = (rational number)
Q12

19. x= 3 + 2
1 1
= = 3− 2
x 3+ 2
Now solve
2
1  1 1 1
x+ =2 3   x + x  = 12  x2 + + 2 = 12  x2 + = 10
x   x 2
x2
2
1  1  1   2 1 
X3 + =  x +   x2 + 2 − 1 = 2 3(9) = 18 3   x + 2  = 100
x 3
 x  x   x 
1 1
x 4 + 4 + 2 = 100  x 4 + 4 + 2 = 98
x x

1 1 1
20. + + ....... +
2 +1 3+ 2 100 + 99
Rationalize each term
( 2 −1 + ) ( )
3 − 2 + .......... + ( 100 − 99 )  10 – 1 = 9

21. (i)
2 −1
=
( 2 −1 ) ( 2 −1 ) = 2 –1
2 +1 ( 2 + 1) ( 2 − 1)

1 1+ 2 − 3 1+ 2 − 3 2 +2− 6
(ii) = = =
1+ 2 + 3
(1 + 2 )
2
− 3 2 2 4
22. Let 10x+y be the required number.
10x+y = 4(10y+x) + 3................. (i)
and 10x+y = 8(x+y) + 7,......................(ii)
on solving (i) and (ii)
we get x=7, y=1
the number is equal to 71

1
23. y=
1
2+
3+y
3+y
y=
6 + 2y + 1
 2y2 + 7y = 3 + y  2y2 + 6y – 2 = 0
−6  36 + 24
y=
4
15 − 3
y=  y>0
2

3+2 2 = a + b (3 + 2 2 )(3 + 2 ) = a + b
24.
3− 2
2 ;
(3 − 2 )(3 + 2 ) 2

13 + 9 2 = a + b
2
7
13 9
a= b=
7 7

25. p  irrational
1 1
(–1)1/3 = –1 and =
0.09 0.3

26. Since if B = 0
A
then is not defined.
B

27. (A) Even number  0

22
(B) Rational number  0, , 1.234
7
(C) Rational number  , 2
22
(D) Real number  , , 0, 2 , 1.234
7

28. (A)  y = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
(B)  sum = 13 + x + y so x + y can be 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17
Ans = 57
(C) =y=0  13 + x  x = 2, 5, 8  Pair 3
y=2  15 + x  x = 0, 3, 6, 9  Pair 4
y=4  17 + x  x = 1, 4, 7  Pair 3
y=6  19 + x  x = 2, 5, 8  Pair 3
y=8  21 + x  x = 0, 3, 6, 9  Pair 4
Total = 17
(D) 13 + x + y so x + y can be 5, 14 sum = 19

29. 5050 = 1 + 1 + 1 + …….. 5050

 1  2  3   5049 
1 +  1 −  +  1 −  +  1 −  + .....  1 − 
 2  3  4  5050  = x
1 1 1 5050
1 + + + .....
2 3 5050
 1 1 1
1+ + + ...... +
2 3 5050 x
= = =1
1 1 1 5050
1 + + + ..... +
2 3 5050
x = 5050