Advance Desalination plants

The Answer of M.S.F Problems 13-12-2019

First problem

Outlet Inlet given data

Brine Brine the heat transfer coefficients are
168.8 oF 159.8 oF
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 = 18260
𝑓𝑡 2 ∗ 𝐹 ∗ ℎ𝑟
Vapor 𝐵𝑡𝑢
177.8oF 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 3360
𝑓𝑡 2 ∗ 𝐹 ∗ ℎ𝑟
Drink H2O 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 = 9920
𝑓𝑡 2 ∗ 𝐹 ∗ ℎ𝑟
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 3104
𝑓𝑡 2 ∗ 𝐹 ∗ ℎ𝑟

𝑓𝑡 2
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 591
𝑙𝑏
( 𝑚)
Sea 𝑠𝑒𝑐
Water 𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 1100
𝑙𝑏𝑚
a) Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient U
Form the design equation
𝑄 = 𝑈 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ ∆𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑄
𝑈=
𝐴 ∗ ∆𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑔
∆𝑡1 − ∆𝑡2
∆𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑔 =
∆𝑡
ln (∆𝑡1 )
2

∆𝑡1 = 𝑇𝑉 − 𝑇𝑖𝑛 = 177.8 − 159.8 = 18

∆𝑡2 = 𝑇𝑉 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 177.8 − 168.8 = 9

18 − 9
∆𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑔 = = 12.984 𝐹
18
ln ( 9 )

𝑠𝑜
𝐵𝑡𝑢
1100 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝐵𝑡𝑢 3600𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑈= 2 = 0.1433 2 ∗
591 ∗ 12.984 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡 ∗ 𝐹 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ℎ𝑟
𝑙𝑏𝑚 /𝑠𝑒𝑐 ∗ 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑈 = 516.05
𝑓𝑡 2 ∗ 𝐹 ∗ ℎ𝑟
 Advance Desalination plants
The Answer of M.S.F Problems 13-12-2019

b) Estimate Fouling factor

The summation of the resistance to the heat is
1 1 1 1 1
= + + + + 𝐹. 𝐹
𝑈 ℎ𝑖 ℎ𝑐 ℎ𝑡 ℎ𝑤
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
𝐹. 𝐹 = − ( + + + ) → 𝐹. 𝐹 = −( + + + )
𝑈 ℎ𝑖 ℎ𝑐 ℎ𝑡 ℎ𝑤 516.05 18360 3360 9920 3104
𝐹. 𝐹 = 1.163𝑒 − 3 → 0.00116
0.00116 > 0.001 up the range of fouled tube according to british standard
So if the tubes are clean the F. F = 0.0005
1 1 1 1 1
= + + + + 0.0005 = 1.275𝑒 − 3
𝑈 18360 3360 9920 3104
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑈 = 784.3
𝑓𝑡 2 ∗ 𝐹 ∗ ℎ𝑟
784.3 − 516.05
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑈 = ∗ 100 = 52%
516.05

850.000

800.000

750.000 Over all U

700.000
operating condition
650.000

600.000
552.260
550.000

500.000

H.T.Area
450.000

400.000
1.036e-3
350.000
0 F.F 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014

Figure 1 (Area & U) VS Fouling Factor

 Advance Desalination plants
The Answer of M.S.F Problems 13-12-2019

Second problem

Given data
Steam @
130 oC 𝐾𝑗
𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑈𝐵𝐻 = 2.5
𝑚2 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ∗ 𝐶
W @ Tin 𝐾𝑗
ℎ𝑓𝑔𝑝 = 2400
𝐾𝑔
𝐾𝑗
𝐶𝑝𝐵 = 4.3
W @ Tmax 𝐾𝑔 ∗ 𝐶
∆𝑇𝑓 = 55 𝐶 & 𝑇𝑑𝑖𝑠 = 35 𝐶

Condensate @ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 (𝑅 = 8)

130 oC 𝑚3 𝐾𝑔
𝑀𝑃 = 14000 & 𝜌𝑤 = 1150 3
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑚
Calculate the heat transfer area for the brine heater
𝑊 ∗ 𝐶𝑝𝐵 ∆𝑇𝐻
𝐴𝐵𝐻 = 𝐿𝑛 (1 + )
𝑈𝐵𝐻 𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥
To know the area, we most calculate all of
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 , ∆𝑇𝐻 , 𝑊
∆𝑇𝑓 = 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑇𝑑𝑖𝑠 → 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ∆𝑇𝑓 + 𝑇𝑑𝑖𝑠

𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ∆𝑇𝑓 + 𝑇𝑑𝑖𝑠 = 55 + 35 = 90 𝐶

𝑀𝑃 (𝑀𝑓 𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇𝑓 ) ∗ 𝜆𝑉 ∆𝑇𝑓

𝑅 = = =
𝑀𝑆 (𝑀𝑓 𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇𝐻 ) ∗ 𝜆𝑉 ∆𝑇𝐻

∆𝑇𝑓 ∆𝑇𝑓
8= → ∆𝑇𝐻 =
∆𝑇𝐻 8
55
∆𝑇𝐻 = = 6.875 𝐶
8
ℎ𝑓𝑔𝑝
𝑊 = 𝑀𝑝 ( + 0.5)
∆𝑇𝑓 ∗ 𝐶𝑝𝐵

𝐾𝑔 𝐾𝑗
14000 𝑚3 ∗ 1150 3
2400 𝐾𝑔
𝑊= 𝑚 ( + 0.5)
24 ∗ 60 ∗ 60 ℎ𝑟 𝐾𝑗
𝑑𝑎𝑦 ∗ 55 𝐶 ∗ 4.3 𝐾𝑔 ∗ 𝐶
𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑘𝑔
𝑊 = 1984.2
𝑠𝑒𝑐
 Advance Desalination plants
The Answer of M.S.F Problems 13-12-2019

𝑘𝑔 𝐾𝑗
1984.2 ∗ 4.3 6.875 𝐶
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐾𝑔 ∗ 𝐶
𝐴𝐵𝐻 = 𝐿𝑛 (1 + )
𝐾𝑗 130 𝐶 − 90 𝐶
2.5 2
𝑚 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ∗ 𝐶

𝐴𝐵𝐻 = 541.3 𝑚2

2000

1800

1600

1400
W flow rate

1200

1000

operating line
800

600
Brine H.A
400

200
R² = 0.9881
0
80 Area m2 100 120 140 160 180 200

Figure 2 (Brine heater area & brine flow rate) VS steam tempature
 Advance Desalination plants
The Answer of M.S.F Problems 13-12-2019

Third problem

δT 2 . 5 o C
Given data
Mcw Mcw
𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑀𝑝 = 25𝑒3
𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑊
𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑈𝐻𝑅 = 2700
𝑚2 ∗𝐶

Drink H2O ∆𝑇𝑓 = 56 𝐶 , 𝑇𝑖𝑛 = 83 𝐶 , 𝑇𝑑𝑖𝑠 = 35 𝐶

𝛿𝑇𝑅 = 2.5 𝐶 𝜀 = 1.1 𝐶

𝐾𝑗 𝑗
ℎ𝑓𝑔𝑝 = 2330 & 𝐶𝑃𝐵 = 4200
𝐾𝑔 𝐾𝑔 ∗ 𝐶
𝑚 𝑔
̅𝑅 = 1.75
𝑈 & 𝜌∞ = 1.15
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑐𝑐
Concentrated
water 𝑖𝑑 = 062 𝑖𝑛 & 𝑜𝑑 = 0.75 𝑖𝑛

a) Calculated heat transfer area in recovery section

𝑊 ∗ 𝐶𝑃𝐵 𝑁𝑅
𝐴𝐻𝑅 = ∗ ln ( )
𝑈𝐻𝑅 ∆𝑇𝑓 − ∆𝑇𝐻
𝑁𝑅 − ∆𝑇 − 𝜀
𝐻

So, it is clear we need to know the following

𝑊 , 𝑁𝑅 , ∆𝑇𝐻
ℎ𝑓𝑔𝑝
𝑊 = 𝑀𝑝 ( + 0.5)
∆𝑇𝑓 ∗ 𝐶𝑝𝐵
𝐾𝑗
25000 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 ∗ 𝑑𝑎𝑦 ∗ 1000 𝑘𝑔 2330 𝐾𝑔
𝑊= ( + 0.5)
𝑑𝑎𝑦 ∗ (24 ∗ 60 ∗ 60)𝑠𝑒𝑐 ∗ 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 56 𝐶 ∗ 4200 𝑗 ∗ 𝐾𝑗
𝐾𝑔 ∗ 𝐶 ∗ 1000𝑗
𝐾𝑔
𝑊 = 3011.13
𝑠𝑒𝑐
For the calculation NR it will be done with two different way
∆𝑇𝑓 = 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑇𝑑𝑖𝑠 → 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ∆𝑇𝑓 + 𝑇𝑑𝑖𝑠

𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ∆𝑇𝑓 + 𝑇𝑑𝑖𝑠 = 56 + 35 = 91 𝐶

∆𝑇𝐻 = 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑇𝑖𝑛 = 91 − 83 = 8 𝐶

 Advance Desalination plants
The Answer of M.S.F Problems 13-12-2019

∆𝑇𝑅 = ∆𝑇𝑓 − ∆𝑇𝐻 = 56 − 8 = 48 𝐶

∆𝑇𝑅 ∆𝑇𝑅
𝛿𝑇𝑅 = → 𝑁𝑅 =
𝑁𝑅 𝛿𝑇𝑅
48
𝑁𝑅 = = 19.2
2.5
∆𝑇𝑓 56
𝑅= = =7
∆𝑇𝐻 8

2𝑅 > 𝑁𝑅 > 3𝑅

14 > 𝑁𝑅 > 21

14 + 21
𝑁𝑅 = = 17.5
2

It’s ok to use the last value for NR

𝐾𝑔 𝑗 ∗ 𝑘𝑗
3011.13 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ∗ 4200
𝐾𝑔 ∗ 𝐶 ∗ 1000𝑗 17.5
𝐴𝐻𝑅 = ∗ ln ( )
𝑊 ∗ 𝐾𝑊 56 − 8
2700 17.5 − 8 − 1.1
𝑚 2 ∗ 𝐶 ∗ 1000𝑊
𝐴𝐻𝑅 = 2373.3 𝑚 2

3600

3400
ε 1.5
3200

3000
ε 1.4

2800

2600 ε 1.3

2400

2200 ε 1.2

2000 ε 1.1
Area
1800
12 NR 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Figure 3 Area with multi ε as function of NR

 Advance Desalination plants
The Answer of M.S.F Problems 13-12-2019

b) Number and length of tube

4∗𝑊
𝑛𝑇 =
̅ 𝑅 ∗ (𝜋 ∗ 𝑖𝑑2 )
𝜌∞ ∗ 𝑈

𝑘𝑔
4 ∗ 3011.13 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑛𝑇 =
𝑔 𝑘𝑔 ∗ 1000000𝑐𝑐 𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑚
1.15 𝑐𝑐 ∗ 1.75 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ∗ (𝜋 ∗ 0.62 𝑚 )
1000𝑔 ∗ 𝑚 3 39.37 𝑖𝑛
𝑛 𝑇 = 7681.62 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑠
𝐴𝐻𝑅
𝐿=
𝑛 𝑇 ∗ (𝜋 ∗ 𝑜𝑑)

2373.3 𝑚2
𝐿=
𝑖𝑛 𝑚
7681.62 ∗ (𝜋 ∗ 0.75 𝑚
39.37 𝑖𝑛)
𝐿 = 5.16 𝑚