The big bang theory is how astronomers explain the way the universe began.

It is the idea that the

universe began as just a single point, then expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is right now and
it is still stretching

The redshift theory the wavelength of the light is stretched, so the light is seen as 'shifted' towards the
red part of the spectrum. Something similar happens to sound waves when a source of sound moves
relative to an observer.

The multiverse theory - In the conventional view of the Big Bang, in order to explain the uniformity of
the CMB, it's necessary to postulate an early spurt of superfast expansion known as inflation. Some
scientists think that when our universe dropped out of this inflationary phase, it was just one tiny bubble
in a vast sea of inflating space. In this theory, called "eternal inflation," proposed by Paul Steinhardt,
other bubble universes are constantly popping up in other parts of the inflationary sea, with the whole
ensemble making up a "multiverse."

The big splat theory - In the far future, galaxies will eventually drift so far apart that light from one can
never reach another. In fact, as stars get old and die, a time will come when there's no light — or heat —
left. The universe will be a dark, cold, empty void. It sounds like the end of everything, but according to
one theory, it's actually the beginning of the next universe in an endlessly repeating cycle. Remember
the braneworld theory? This is what happens when one cold, empty brane collides with another —
which, given enough time, it's bound to do eventually. Cosmologists Neil Turok and Paul Steinhardt
believe such a collision would generate enough energy to create a whole new universe. They call this the
"ekpyrotic theory," though physicist Michio Kaku has more evocatively dubbed it the "Big Splat."