Computer Networks

Data Communication
Terminologies
.

Raja Malviya,
PGT-Computer Science,
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Badi, Raisen(M.P.)
.
 Outlines
 Data Communication Terminologies
o Channel
o Baud
o Bandwidth
o Data and Signals
o Communication / Transmissio
n Media
o Data Transfer Rate
 Data Communication Terminologies
 Channel:
 A communication channel is a medium that is used in the transmiss
ion of a message from one point to another.
 It is a pathway over which data is transferred between remote devices.
 It may refer to the entire physical medium, such as a telephone line,
optical fiber, coaxial cable or twisted pair wire, or, it may refer to one of the
several carrier frequencies transmitted simultaneously within the line.
 Depending on their speed, we have three broad categories of communic
ation channels
 narrow band which is slow and used for telegraph lines and low
speed terminals;
 voice band used for ordinary telephone communication and
 broad band which is fastest and is used for transmitting large
volumes of data at high speeds.
 Data Communication Terminologies
 Baud:
 The Number of changes in a signal per second is known as baud.
 It is the measuring unit of the data transfer rate.
 Technically, baud refers to a number of discrete signal elements
transmitted per second.
 1 baud represents only 1 signal change per second and is equivalent to 1 bit per
second. i.e.,
1 baud = 1 signal/sec =1 bit/sec
 Data Communication Terminologies
 Bandwidth:
 Amount of data that can be passed along a communication channe
l in s given period of time (1 second) is termed as bandwidth.
 The measuring unit is hertz (Hz) where

103 Hz = 1 Kilo Hertz(KHz)

103 KHz = 1 Mega Hertz (MHz)
 Data Communication Terminologies
 Data and Signals:
 Information that is stored with in computer systems and transferred
over a computer network can be divided into two categories:
 Data
 Signals
 Data entities that are stored in the form of 0’s and 1’s, which convey
some special meaning to the computer system.
 When this data is transmitted from one place to another , it is converted
into signal .
 Signal are the electric or electromagnetic encoding of data and are used
to transmit data.
Data and Signal
 Data Communication Terminologies
 Communication / Transmission Media:
 It is a means of communication or
access (lines of communication) set
up between two organizations to
exchange data/information.
 Communication media is the way of t
ransmitting the signal from one place to
another .
 It plays an important role in sending an
d receiving of data to and from the send
er and receiver.
 Data Communication Terminologies
 Data Transfer Rate (DTR):
 The data transfer rate (DTR) is the amount of data in digital form that is
moved from one place to another in a given time on a network.
 It is the amount of data transferred in one direction over link divided by the time t
aken to transfer it bits per second (bps).
 The greater the bandwidth of a given medium, the higher is the data transfer
rate..
 Data transfer rate is often measured in bits per second (bps), although the unit
baud , which is one bit per second is also used.
 It is commonly used to measure how fast data is transferred from one location to
another.
For example, your ISP may offer an Internet connection with a maximum data
transfer rate of 4Mbps or 8 Mbps etc.
 Data Communication Terminologies
 Data Transfer Rate (DTR):
 A data transfer rate tells us how much digital data will travel from one place to another—
from a hard drive to a USB flash drive, for example—in a specific period of time.
 It measured in: bits per second(bps) and Bytes per second (Bps)

BITS BYTES

Used to measure speed (of a connection) Used to measure size (of a data file)

Written with a lower-case b (e.g. 25 bps, 20 Mbps) Written with a capital B (e.g. 30 MBps, 5 GBps)

Kilobit (kb)—1,024 bits Kilobyte (KB)—1,024 bytes

Megabit (Mb)—1,024 kilobits Megabyte (MB)—1,024 kilobytes

Gigabit (Gb)—1,024 megabits Gigabyte (GB)—1,024 megabytes

Terabit (Tb)—1,024 gigabits Terabyte (TB)—1,024 gigabytes

Thanks to all you…for listening me..