K M bd

fcu
b d’ w
d’
Cs s
As’ x s= x
Cc
N. A. d-d’
d M
z =d-s
As T
C
N.A.
st

F TC C T C C Compression T
Reinf.
T fyAs C fcubs N.A. Mu
Cs
d d Cc

T
Tension Reinf.
C fy- fcu As’ T = Cc + Cs
fyAs fcubs fy- fcu As’ s T-Cs fyb
s fyAs fy fcu As’ As
As
fcub
 K M bd
fcu
b d’ w
d’
Cs s
As’ x s= x
Cc
N. A. d-d’
d M
z =d-s
As T
C
N.A.
st

F TC C T C C Compression T
Reinf.
T fyAs C fcubs N.A. Mu
Cs
d d Cc

T
Tension Reinf.
C fy- fcu As’ T = Cc + Cs
fyAs fcubs fy- fcu As’ s T-Cs fyb
s fyAs fy fcu As’ As
As
fcub
 fcu
d’ b d’
Cs s
As’ x Cc s = x
N. A. d-d’
d z =d-s
As T

st

Mcap fyAs Cc Cs
Mcap Cc z Cs d d
Ms Mu Mcaps fyAs’ d d
Mu Kfcubd Mcaps fcubd Mcaps
Mu Mcaps K fcubd fyAs’ d d
As K fcubd
fy d d
As fcubd As
fyz
 K M f bd

K K K

1) z K d 1) As K fcubd fy d d

d 2) As, req fcubd fyz As

2) As Mu fyz
3) As, min bh 4) As, min bh

s, x, M, c. s A A A A
A
s, x, M, c. s
 fy fcu

b d’
Solution: 1. The required reinforcement .
d As’

K Mu fcubd h d

As
d

d d

As’ K fcubd fy d d’
As fcubd fyz As’

As,min As
 b
As’
As’ As’ As, prov As,req

As
d -

2. Calculate the Capacity and check As

As
d d As
d As
d
2. Calculate the Capacity and checks
b

d d

T fyAs h
Cs fy fcu As
Cc fcubs T Cs
s T C fcub
x s d
Mcap Cc d s Cs d d

Mu Mcap
x d

As As, min
 fy
fcu b d’

h d
M

wu

Mu wul
As As
As,min bh As
d d
d d
T fyAs
Cs fy fcu As
Cc T Cs fcubs
s fcub
x s d

Mcap Cc d s Cs d d
Mu

Mu Mcap
x d

As As,min
 fy fcu
fcu
b d’
Cs
sc s
s= x
x Cc
As
N. A.
d-d’
d d z =d-s

d d s

x d
sc
x
x x
f sc sc Es
x x
T f y As
Cc f cu bs x x
x x
Cs f sc f cu As
x x
 C T Cc Cs T fcu
d’
x sc
Cs
s
x x Cc s =
x
x N. A.
d-d’
x x z =d-s

x T

x s s

sc y

s y

Cc

Cs

Mcap Cc d s Cs d d
 bf
hf
hd
hw

bw

Mcap As bw bf hw h hf ff fcu

bf
bf fcu
bf bf
fcu Cfmax hf
C hf
Cw d sw
s d
sw d-hf Mu
Mu
hd Mu d-s h d Mu d-hf-sw
T
bw bw
T
bw bw

Cfmax fcubfhf Cw fcubwsw , T fyAs

fcubfs fyAs C T Cfmax Cw T
s fyAs fcubf Cw T Cfmax
x s d fcubw sw T Cfmax => sw T Cfmax fcubw
Mcap fyAs d s s sw h f x s d
Mcap Mu Mcap Cfmax d hf Cw d hf -sw
Mcap Mu
Mcap As bw bf hw h hf ff fcu

bf
d-hw-sf
T
T sf
d-hw
d Mu
hw h d
h d
d-s Cwmax Mu
d Mu Mu
s fcu
C bw bw
fcu
bw bw

fcubws fyAs Cwmax fcubwhw Cf fcubfsf, T fyAs

s fyAs fcubw C T Cf Cwmax T
x s d Cf T Cwmax
Mcap fyAs d s fcubf sf T Cwmax sf T Cwmax fcubf
Mcap Mu s sf h w x s d
Mcap Cwmax d hw Cf d hw –sf
Mcap Mu
A
 Mu bw bf hw h hf ff fcu As

Cfmax Mfmax Mu
bf bf
fcu
Cfmax s hf
hf hf bf bf
d d-hf fcu
Mu d Mu
Cfmax
hf hf
T Cw sw
d sw
bw bw d-hf

Cfmax fcubfhf Mfmax Cfmax d hf d-hf-sw T

T fyAs bw bw

Cfmax Mfmax Mu Mu Mcap Mfmax Mw

s hf
Mu Mfmax fcubwsw d hf sw
b bf
sw
As K Mu fcubfd
sw s h f sw x s d
z d As Mu fyz
As T C Cfmax Cw
As,min bh bw bf
bh bw bf fy As Cfmax fcubwsw
As Cfmax fcubwsw fy As,min
 Mu bw bf hw h hf ff fcu As
Cwmax Mwmax Mu
s hw
bf bf
T bf
hf d-hw-sf/ bf
Mu d-hw T
hw d Mu hf
Cwmax
Mu sf Cf d-hw/2
bw fcu hw d Mu
bw
Cwmax

fcu
Cwmax fcubwhw Mwmax Cwmax d hw bw bw
T fyAs
Mu Mcap Mwmax Mf
Cwmax T Mwmax Mu Mu Mwmax fcubfsf d hw sf
s hw sf
b bw sf s h w sf x s d
As K Mu fcubwd
As T C Cwmax Cf
z d As Mu fyz
fy As Cwmax fcubfsf
As,min bwh
bwh L As Cwmax fcubfsf fy As,min
 fcu
fy bf
hf
h d
hw

Cfmax fcubfhf bw

d
Cfmax
Mfmax Cfmax d hf
Mu Mfmax s hf
b bf T
K Mu fcubfd
z K d d d
z
As Mu fyz

As,min bw bf
As,min b wh As
 Mcap b
T fyAs bf

T Cfmax s hf hf
h d
hw
s T fcubf
x d bw
Mcap T ds
s Cc

ds
Mu Mcap
Ts

x d
As As,min
600k£
Mu ☐ Mu Mfmax
 15×108

fcu
fy
bf
hf
h d hw

Cfmax fcubfhf bw

d 320
cw
Cfmax
Mfmax Cfmax d hf Sw
Cw
Mu Mfmax s hf
Mu Mcap Mfmax Mw Cfmax d hf fcubwsw d hf sw m around T
T
sw sw Met = Mrow -1MW

sw sw
← 1350 891200 135--0

sw sw
sw
s hf sw x s d
 Cfmax
As C T
Cw
fyAs fmax fcubwsw
As
T
As
As,min bw/bf b wh As

T fyAs
bw
Cfmax
Cfmax T s hf
 Cfmax
T C Cfmax Cw
Cw
sw
sw s h f sw T
x s d

Mcap fmax d hf Cw d hf sw
Mfmax Mw Mu Mcap
Cw T fmax
Mcap x d
As As,min

Mw
Maps Mmax
+
 fcu fy

fcu
Cfmax
Cfmax fcubfhf

T fyAs d hf
As
Cfmax T
d T
s T fcubf
x s d
Mcap T ds
 fcu fy
hw

C T fcubf s fyAs
s fyAs fcubf
hf
As
s hf
d
x s d bf

Mcap T d-s/2
 fcu
fcu fy
Cfmax

C T fcubf s fyAs
d hf
As
s
s hf
T
d
x d
Mcap T d-s/2
fcu fy
 bf
L L L
Lz L Lz L

bf bf
b
bf bf

x x x

bw
x Lz

bf bw x bw Lz b1 = 580mm

bw

bf bw x bw Lz

bf bw x bw Lz bw

bf bw x bw Lz
 ←-io
2 4
p 3 5

bf

x L
bf bw
h
hf

bf
fcu
Cfmax
hf
h d Mu d-hf
wuL wuL
T
bw
Ma_
As → s→k→ wuL
wuL
 we can't choose
a small dice in the outside

u .

Cfmax fcubfhf
d
Mfmax Cfmax d hf
Mfmax Mu b bf
K Mu fcubf
z d K d d d
d

As Mu fyz
As,min bw bf
As,min b wh
 Mcap
d bf

d As1
d As2
h d
d
s fyAs fcubf
x s d
Mcap T ds Mu bw

Mcap Mu
x d
A A
 Mu
T

d-hw
Cwmax fcubwhw d hw
Cwmax
d
fcu
bw
Mwmax Cwmax d hw
Mwmax Mu b bw

K Mu fcubw
z d K d d d
z d
As Mu fyz
A b wh
 T
As

d d-s
hw
s Cw

d fcu
bw
s fyAs fcubw
x s d
Mcap T ds Mu

Mcap Mu
x d
As A
 fcu
Cfmax
As
d Mu
C T fcubf s fyAs
d hf
s
s hw T
d
x
Mcap T ds