BAC 2023

Unit 3 :
Formal, informal,
And non-formal education
 Vocabulary
 Function – Express purpose
 Grammar – simple past VS past perfect
 Comprehension – Stress
 Writing – Report
 Global exam 3

Sara English Online Courses Bac 2023

Unit2: Education
A/ Vocabulary
-Formal education: educational system for students from primary school to university.
- Non-formal education: Teaching children or adults not attending schools.
- Informal education: Learning from daily experience by watching and doing.
- Vocational education: Prepares learners for a job or a career.
- Special education: Education for children with special needs.
- Gifted education: Education of children who are talented.
- Basic education: Teaching basic needs such as reading, writing and Numbers

Words Meaning collocations Meaning

Portfolio ‫مل ف التلمي ذ‬ Boarding school ‫المدرسة الداخلية‬

Compulsory e- ‫اجباري‬ Literacy classes ‫أقسام محو األمية‬
learning ‫األنترنت‬ ‫التعلم ب‬ Critical thinking ‫التفكير النقدي حل‬
Brainstorming ‫العص ف ال ذهني‬ Problem solving ‫مشكلة‬
Skill ‫مهارة‬ Drop outs of school ‫المنقطعين عن الدراسة‬
Universal values ‫قيم عالمي ة‬ Note taking ‫أخد مالحظات‬
Partnership ‫شراكة‬ Active learning ‫التعلم النشط النظام‬
Educational system
‫التعليمي فرص‬
Equal opportunities
‫متساوية الزي‬
School uniform
‫المدرسي‬
Private school
‫مدرسة خصوصية‬
Public school
‫مدرسة عمومية‬

Verb Adjective Noun Meaning

Educate Educated/ Education ‫تعليم‬
Graduate educational Graduation ‫تخرج‬
Aware Graduate Awareness ‫وعي‬
Sensitize Aware Sensitization ‫تحسيس‬
Collaborate Sensitizing Collaboration ‫تعاون‬
Cooperate Collaborative Cooperation ‫تعاون‬
‫تمويل‬
Finance Cooperative Finance
‫مساعدة‬
Assist Financial Assistance
‫الوعي‬
Assistant Consciousness ‫الفقر‬
Conscious Poverty ‫اهمية‬
Poor Importance
 Important illiteracy ‫األمية التعلم‬
Illiterate literacy
Literate

Exercises:
Fill in the blanks with the correct collocation from the table above:
1- Aymane’s family live in the countryside. So, he has to attend a.............................................to complete his
education.
2-Students prefer...........................................to sitting in the class and listening to a teacher.
3- Before she joined....................................................., my grandmother wasn’t able to read or write.
4......................................................helps students improve their abilities to find solutions to exercises.
Put the words between brackets in the correct form.
1- Morocco is doing great efforts to fight (literate)..........................................in rural areas.
2- Our (education).............................................system needs improvements. New methods should be
applied for great education.
3- Most of students drop out of schools because of (poor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4- People should be (awareness). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of the importance of (educate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .in our modern world.
5- Some students need more (assist)..................................and guidance in their education.
6- You can go to university after you (graduation). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7- It is very (importance). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for (illiteracy)....................................people to join
(literate).................................classes in order to be able to read and write.

B/ functions
Express purpose:
Group 1
...............to................
............... .in order to/ not to........ + Infinitive
.................so as to/ not to.............
Examples:
- I saved money to buy a car.
- I saved money in order to buy a car.
- I saved money so as to buy a car.

Group 2:
.............for.............. +(not) gerund/ Noun
For the purpose of...........
Examples:
- I saved money for buying a car.
- I saved money for the purpose of buying a car.

Group 3:
............so that............... + subject+ can (not) / could
...........in order that...... (not) + infinitive.
Examples:
- I am saving money so that I can buy a car.
- I saved money so that I could buy a car.
Exercise:
Rewrite the following sentences as suggested:
1- The doctor asks the patient many questions to diagnose the sickness.
- The doctor asks the patient many questions so that… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2- The woman joined literacy classes so as to learn how to read and write.
-The woman joined literacy classes for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3- The teacher uses the projector to explain the lessons very well.
-The teacher uses the projector in order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4- Nadia got up early this morning because she didn’t want to miss the bus.
-Nadia got up early this morning so as. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
5- He is saving money for buying a laptop.
-He is saving money so that. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6- She takes a taxi in order to arrive in time.
-She takes a taxi for the purpose of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7- They moved to a small town to have a quiet life.
-They moved to a small town in order that. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8- She slept at nine o’clock so as to wake up early.
-She slept at nine o’clock so that. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9- She exercises regularly because she doesn’t want to get fat.
-She exercises regularly for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10- My mother switched off the TV so as not to disturb my sleeping brother.
-My mother switched off the TV for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11- I worked so hard for getting the first mark.
-I worked so hard to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12- My brother created a website so as to teach people English.
-My brother created a website so as to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13- Nabil is learning English in order to study in America.
-Nabil is learning English so that. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14- You should practice linking words a lot to develop your writing skills.
-You should practice linking words for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15- I have chosen science subjects to be a scientist in the future.
-I have chosen science subjects so that . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C/ Grammar : The past perfect vs the simple past
The simple past:
- Affirmative form:
Subject + verb + ed Subject + verb + ied -ed: verbs ending with a consonant
Subject + verb + d -ied: verbs ending with a consonant + y
-d: verbs ending with -e
Examples:
- I played football yesterday.
- He bought a new car last week.

- Negative form:
Subject + didn’t + verb in the infinitive

Examples:
- I didn’t play football yesterday.
- He didn’t buy a new car last week.

- Interrogative form:
Did + Subject+ verb in the infinitive……?

Examples:
- Did you play football yesterday?
- Did he buy a new car last week?
- The use:
We use the simple past with completed actions in the past.

Examples:
- I visited Paris two years ago.
- I saw a movie last night.
- She didn’t go to school last week.
- Did they study English yesterday?
- The indicators:
Yesterday – last week – last month – last day – last year – in 2030-three days ago- …..ago.

Examples:
- I met the Browns family two days ago.
- Did he travel last summer?

The past perfect:

- The affirmative form:
 Subject + had + verb in the past participle

Examples:
- Last night, I had seen a film before I slept.
- Lina went to Canada after she had got her Bac.
- Negative form:
Subject + had + not + verb in the past participle. Subject + hadn’t + verb in the past participle.

Examples:
- Last night, I hadn’t seen a film before I slept.
- Lina went to Canada after she hadn’t been accepted in U.S.A
- Interrogative form:
Had + Subject + verb in the past participle.

Examples:
- Had you seen a film before ye slept last night?
- Had Lina been accepted in a university before she went to Canada?
- The use:
We use the past perfect when there are two completed actions in the past, one before another. The first action is

Examples:
- Nadia passed her exams because she had studied hard.
- When I came to the bus station, the bus had already gone.
- The indicators:
Before- after – because – by the time – when

fore simple past After past perfect, simple past Simple past after past perfect When simple past, past perfect Pest perfect

Examples:
- Nadia had never studied Spanish before she moved to Spain.
- Nadia learnt Spanish after she had moved to Spain.
- She got a good job because she had had many experiences.
- By the time my father arrived, we had already eaten dinner.
- When my alarm rang, I had already woken up.
Exercise:
1- I (visit).........................................Casablanca last weekend.
2- Morocco (get)...........................................ts independence in 1956.
3- Last night, I (see).........................................an horror movie before I slept.
4- After Nabil (retire) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,he (move).........................................to the countryside.
5- Barcelona (lose)........................................the match yesterday.
6- Marry went out after she (finish)........................................typing her report.
7- The children (already/sleep)........................................when their father came in.
8- Yesterday, Laura (go) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .to the English club after she (finish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
her homework.
9- Chorok (start)........................................singing two years ago.
10- My parents (move)........................................to this city before I was born.
11- I (visit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ouarzazate after I (be).........................................in Marrakech last summer.
12- Nada (not/clean)........................................the house last night.
13- A student (erase)........................................the board by the time the teacher arrived.
14- Where (you/ spend)........................................your last holiday?
15- After she (eat)........................................dinner, Bassma watched TV.
16- I (not/have) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .any money because I (lose)........................................my wallet.
17- I (never/see) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .such a beautiful place before I (go)........................................to Italy.
18- The tourist (know) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Marrakech well because he (visit)........................................the
city several times.
19- (Susan/ever/study) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Spanish before she (come).....................................to live in
Spain?
20- She (understand) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .the movie because she (read)........................................the
story before.
21- I (never/go)........................................to a theatre before last night.
22- We (not/be) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .able to see the play because we (not/book) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
in advance.
23- (you/ever/visit)........................................the U.S.A before last year?
24- Yes, I (be)........................................to the U.S.A once before last year.
25- I (know) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .him before he (become)........................................a president.
D/ Comprehension : Stress
(1) There is a famous expression in English: ‘’stop the world, I want to get off’’. This expression refers to a
feeling of Panic, or stress, that makes a person want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax and
become calm again. Stress means pressure or tension. It is one of the most common causes of health
problems in Modern Life. Too much stress results in physical, emotional, and mental health problems.

(2) There are numerous physical effects of stress. Stress can affect the heart. It can increase the pulse
rate, make the heart miss Beats, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory
system. It can lead to asthma. It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in the loss of
important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach. It can cause stomach aches and problems
digesting food. These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting
from stress.

(3) Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel anxious. They may
have panic attack. They may feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often over
react to little problems. For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at
a child for dropping a glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous. Long term
stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses. Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and
hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress. Alcoholism and other addictions
are often developed as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. Eating disorders,
such as anorexia, are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by stress.

(4) If stress is allowed to continue, then one’s mental health is put at risk. It is obvious that stress is a
serious problem. It attacks the body. It affects the emotions. If it is untreated, it may eventually result
in mental illness which might be dangerous. Stress has a great influence on the health and well-being
of our bodies, our feelings, and our minds. So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.

Comprehension questions:
A. ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY.
1. Talking about stress isn’t related to tension.
......................................................................................
2. The main reason why people get blood pressure is when the heart beats are unstable.
......................................................................................
3. People’s feeling can also be affected by stress.
......................................................................................
B. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the definition of stress which is given in the text.
......................................................................................
2. Name two physical effects of stress.
a: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. How does stress affect our eating habits?
......................................................................................
 C. Complete the following sentences from the text.
1. “Stop the world, I want to get off” is said to mean a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
........................................
2. If people are stressed for a long period of time, it can cause. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
........................................
D. What do the underlined words refer to in the text.
1. It (paragraph 1): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. They (paragraph 3): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Which (paragraph 4): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E. Find in the text words or phrases which mean the same as.
1. Popular (paragraph 1): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Scream (paragraph 3): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Affect (paragraph 5): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E/ WRITING: Report
A report contains four elements
Title : It should be short and precise
Introduction: It sets the scene of your report ( date- place – participants)
Body: It is the main part and in includes the main ideas (1paragraph)
Conclusion: Evaluates the success of the event and reactions of the participants.
Example:
Organizers Club members and some teachers
Topic Environment problems in the region.
Date/ place 22nd April, municipality conference room
Participants About 120 people: teachers, environmentalist, school
Environment club, factory owners and some NGOs.
Activities Morning: 2 presentations, film and a discussion.
Afternoon: debate, poster exhibitions, competition and prize
Distribution
Conclusion Opinion and reactions

Earth day: Environment problems in the region

In 22nd, April, our school environment club and some teachers organized an event to celebrate Earth
Day. The event took place in Municipality conference room. About 120 people attended the event. The
participants include; teachers, students, environmentalists, school environment club, factory owners and
some NGOs.
In the morning, there were two main activities; two presentations about the importance of the
environment and a film about pollution which affects the environment; at the end of the film, there was a
 discussion about some solutions to prevent pollution. In the afternoon, there were many fun activities.
There was a debate, poster exhibitions which were very creative, a competition and a prize distribution
ceremony.
All those participants who attended the event were very satisfied. They all agreed that it was
informative and fun at the same time.

‫مهجية يمكن اتباعها‬

Topic: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On (day/month). . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . , our . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . organized an event about (topic). . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The event took place in (place) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . About (number of participants) . . . . . . . . . . . attended the event including ( state the participants). . . .
.......................................
There were many activities presented during the event. In the morning, there were/ was (activity 1) . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . about the importance of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and (activity 2). . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . aboutIn the afternoon , there were great activities including
(activity 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and (activity 2)In
addition, there was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To sum up / finally, all people who participated in this event have positive feedback. They believe that it was very info

F: GLOBAL EXAM 3
(1) Rachida was born in a rural Moroccan Village, Ain Jdid, in 1973. She is married and has four
children. Her husband is a seasonal agricultural worker who earns about 700 Dhs per month when
he works.

(2) When an aid organization offered literacy classes in her Village, Rachida immediately recognized that
an excellent opportunity was suddenly offered to her. The class signaled a new beginning for Rachida-
If she took classes, she would be able to read and write, add and subtract, and acquire skills that were
always reserved for others. When she first learnt how to write her name on a slate, and then on the
paper, she was overjoyed. Although Rachida and her classmates were laughed at by some villagers as
they walk to school each day, they ignored them and were proud of their accomplishment.

(3) The course went a Step Beyond providing basic literacy training to the women of Ain Jdid. Those who
preformed the best on the final exam were also offered support in setting up a business - a farm
animal Cooperative. Armed with their newly-acquired numeracy and literacy skills, and with technical
assistance from the organization, they started a successful business. Their example gave rural women a
new image- that of independent female entrepreneurs who could manage their own businesses. They
were no longer field workers.

(4) Rachida now buys and sells farm animals through the cooperative and earns enough income to
support her family. More importantly, she can share the joy of learning with her school-aged children
 and help them with their homework. She is confident about the future. She says her new skills have
given her more than just an income. “Through this program, women have paved the way to a new life”
she said.

(5) As a prove to the program's success oh, now even some of the man in the village who had criticized a
Rachida and her classmates want to attend literacy classes.
Comprehension:
A. ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY.
1. Rachida is originally from a big city.
.....................................................................................
2. Some villagers made fun of women going to literacy classes.
.....................................................................................
3. Some women in the village became independent.
.....................................................................................
B. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1. What opportunities did literacy classes offer to Rachida?
.....................................................................................
2. Which group of women benefited from technical assistance?
.....................................................................................
3. How do Rachida’s children benefited from her literacy?
.....................................................................................
4. Why did some villagers their opinion about the literacy programme?
.....................................................................................
C. WHAT DO THE UNDERLINED WORDS IN THE TEXT REFER TO?
1. They (paragraph 2): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Them (paragraph 2): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. FIND IN THE TEXT WORDS OR EXPRESSIONS THAT MEAN THE SAME AS.
1. Periodical (paragraph 1): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Very happy (paragraph 2): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Starting (paragraph 3): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Money (paragraph 4): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD BE THE BEST TITLE FOR THE PASSAGE.
1. Female entrepreneurs change rural men’s life.
2. Literacy changes a rural woman’s life.
3. Rural men change rural women’s life.
Title: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B/ Lnaguage : (15points)

1- FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT WORDS FROM THE LIST. (5pts)
Foreign- boarding- rural- dropouts –graduate- formal
a- My brother is a university.........................................He has just got his degree in Physics.
b- We should encourage..........................................to return to school.
c- Learning...........................................languages has become a necessity today.
d- Illiteracy rate is usually higher in.............................................areas.
e- In Marrakech there aren’t many...........................................schools.
2- PUT THE WORDS IN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORM. (3pts)
a- A lot of people in the countryside aren’t (awareness).....................................of the importance of
schooling.
b- Parents have a big (responsible)............................................towards their children.
c- Adults who have never been to school may join (literate).........................................class.
3- JOIN THE FOLLOWING PAIR OF SENTENCES USING THE WORDS BETWEEN BRACKETS (3pts)
a- Samira checks her Facebook every day. She wants to know if there is anything new. (so as to)
.....................................................................................
b- Some students tend to have part-time jobs. They want to cover their education expenses
themselves. (so that)
.....................................................................................
c- The government distributes millions of schooling-bags every year. They want to encourage poor
families to send their children to school. (for)
.....................................................................................
4- PUT THE VERBS IN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE. (4pts)
a- The teacher (clean). . . . . . . . . . . . . . the board after the students (finish)...............................copying.
b- Anas (drop out). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .of school before he (be)............................10 years.
c- The plane (already/leave). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . when I (arrive)......................................to
the airport yesterday.
d- After he (do). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his homework last night, Ali (see)...................................a
movie.
C/ WRITING: taken from previous national exam

Use information in the chart to write a report for your school magazine about the 28 th Marathon des
Sables (the Sand Marathon) which was held in April 2013.

Aim of the Marathon - To collect money for the poor.

Date - From April 5 to 15
Distance - About 240 km
Place - In the South of Morocco - near Ouarzazate
Race challenges - Competitors carry basic supplies (food, clothes, medical
Kit, sleeping bag etc)
- Water is distributed every 10 km
Participants - 1017 men and women, aged 18 up to 80 years/ from
All over the world.
Winners - Women’s race : Laurence Klein (France)
- Men’s race: Mohamad Ahansal (Morocco)
Prize ceremony - Winners received awards
Conclusion - Your opinion about the event.