MATHEMATI

CS,SURVEYI
NG&TRANSPORTATI
ONENGI
NIRI
NG
(
NOVEMBER2011)

Sit
uati
on1–Thepr
obabi
li
tyofeventAhappeni
ngi
s3/
5andt
hepr
obabi
li
tyofeventB
Si
tuat
ion3–Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
obl
ems:
happeni
ngi
s2/
3
7.Whati
sthedi
stancebet
weent
hei
nter
cept
soft
hel
inex+2y–6=0?
1.Whati
sthepr
obabi
li
tyofbot
hAandBhappeni
ng?
A.6.
231 C.8.
639
A.3/
5 C.2/
5
B.6.
708 D.5.
449
B.1/
5 D.4/
5

2.Whatistheprobabi
li
tyofonl
yeventAhappeni
ngi
.e.eventAhappeni
ngandeventB 8.I
f|x3–8|≤5,
findt
her
angeofval
uesofx.
nothappeni
ng? A. 3≤x≤13 C. 3≥x≥13
A.4/
5 C.3/
5 B. 3≥x≤13 D. 3≤x≥13
B.1/
5 D.2/
5

3.Whati
sthepr
obabi
li
tyofei
therA,
orB,
orAandBhappeni
ng?

A.11/
15 C.3/
5
STRUCTURALENGINI
RING&CONSTRUCTI
ON
B.14/
15 D.13/
15 (NOVEMBER2011)

Situati
on1–Al oadofW =30kNi sl
ift
ed
Si
tuat
ion2–Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
obl
ems: throughaboom BCDasshowni nthefi
gure.
Theboom makesanangl eof60°wit
hthe
4.Sixcongruentcir
clesarearrangedinacircl
ewayt hateachci
rcl
eist
angenttoatl
east verti
cal.Negl
ecttheweightoft
heboom and
twoothercircl
es.Iftheradi
usofeachci r
clei
s2cm, f
indtheper
imet
erofthepol
ygon forthi
spr obl
em, L1=L2=2m.Thepull
eyatDi s
formedbyconnect ingthecentersofeachcir
cles. fri
cti
onless.

A.12cm C.30cm

B.24cm D.32cm 1.Det

ermi
net
heangl
e.
5.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
s/ar
ecor
rect
? A.40° C.45°
I
. si
n(-
A)=-
sin(
A) B.35° D.30°
I
I. cos(
-A)=-
cos(
A) 2.Whati
sthet
ensi
oni
ncabl
eACi
nkN?
I
II
. t
an(
-A)=-
tan(
A) A.51.
96 C.34.
89

B.25.
36 D.43.
21
A.Ionl
y C.I&I
IIonl
y
3.Whati
sthet
otalr
eact
ionatBi
nkN?
B.I
Ionl
y D.I&I
Ionl
y
A.54.
77 C.17.
32
6.Asol
idr
ectangularbl
ockhasavolumeof30cm3.I fallsi
demeasur
ear
eint
eger
s,
whi
chofthefol
lowingist
heleastpossi
blesur
facearea? B.43.
21 D.51.
96

A.92 C.86

B.82 D.62

Si
tuat
ion2–Thest
rutshowni
nthef
igur
ecar
ri
esanaxi
all
oadofP=148kN. D.0.
87MPa

8.Whati
sthemaxi
mum st
ressatt
hebaseduet
othel
ater
all
oad?

A.4.
76MPa C.3.
46MPa

B.5.
28MPa D.2.
89MPa

9.Ift
hecolumnisasoli
dti
mberwi
thadi
amet
erof250mm,
whati
sthemaxi
mum
shear
ingstr
essatt
hebase?

A.0.
089MPa C.0.
045MPa

B.0.
164MPa D.0.
012MPa

4. Det
ermi
net
hebear
ing Sit
uati
on4–Thef r
ameshowni nt
hefi
gur
eisacteduponbywindl
oadpressur
eof1.
44kPa.
st
ressbet
weent
hepi
nandt
hest
rut
: Theseframesar
espaced6m apar
tnor
maltopaper.Consi
dert
her
oll
ersuppor
tatBandt
he
A.463MPa C.285MPa j
ointatDaspin.

B.345MPa D.563MPa 10.Det

ermi
net
hehor
izont
alcomponentoft
her
eact
ionatA.

5.Det
ermi
net
heshear
ingst
ressi
nthepi
n. A.35.
7kN C.18.
3kN

A.286MPa C.321MPa B.26.

5kN D.12.
7kN

B.368MPa D.341MPa 11.Det

ermi
net
hever
ti
calcomponentoft
her
eact
ionatA.

6.Det
ermi
net
heshear
ingst
ressi
nthebol
ts A.23.
9kN C.18.
5kN

A.159.
4MPa C.123.
9MPa B.20.
2kN D.16.
3kN

B.196.
4MPa D.167.
3MPa 12.Det
ermi
net
hehor
izont
alcomponentoft
her
eact
ionatB.

A.26.
5kN C.12.
7kN
Sit
uati
on3–Thecolumnshowni nthefi
gureisloaded B.18.
3kN D.35.
7kN
wit
haverti
call
oadP=3kNandal at
eral
loadH=0. 45
kN.Thecol
umni s3m hi
ghandismadeofst eel
wi t
h
300mm outerdi
amet
er,6mm thi
ckandwei ghs150
N/m.

7.Whatist
hemaxi
mum st
ressatt
hebaseduet
o
t
heloadP?

A.1.
78MPa

B.1.
37MPa

C.2.
54MPa
 C.288mm D.254mm

Sit
uati
on6–The6m l ongpr
estr
essedcant i
leverbeam showninthefigur
ecar r
iesa
concent
rat
edli
veloadof18kNatt hef r
eeendandauni form deadloadduet oit
sownwei ght.
3
Unitwei
ghtofconcr
eteis20kN/m .Thest r
andsar e12mm i ndiameterwit
ht ot
alprestr
essing
for
ceof540kNappl i
edataneccent r
ici
ty“
e”abovet heneutr
alaxisofthecross-sect
ion.

16.Whati
sthemaximum st
ress(
MPa)i
nthebot
tom f
iberoft
hebeam att
hef
reeend
whent
heeccent
ri
cit
ye=0?

A.-
7.86 C.-
2.25

B.-
13.
45 D.-
10.
35

17.Whati
sthest
ressi
nthet
opf
iberoft
hebeam att
hef
ixedendwhent
heeccent
ri
cit
ye
=100mm?

Situat
ion5–Thesheetpi l
eshowni nthe A.+5.
4MPa C.+8.
1MPa
fi
gur eis provided witht ensi
on rods
spaced 3 met er
s apart.The wooden B.+6.
3MPa D.+3.
6MPa
stri
ngershasd=300mm andcanbe
18.Whatist
herequi
redeccent
ri
cit
yesucht
hatt
hest
ressi
nthet
opf
iberoft
hebeam at
considered simply support
ed ateach
t
hefi
xedendiszero?
connectiontothet ensi
onrod.All
owable
bending and shear i
ng st
resses ofthe A.230mm C.200mm
stri
ngerar e 14.7 MPa and 1.48 MPa,
respecti
vely. B.160mm D.260mm

13.Whati
sthedesi
gnmomentof
t
hest
ri
nger
?

A.54.
8kN-
m C.42.
4kN-
m

B.74.
4kN-
m D.63.
9kN-
m

14.Whati
stheval
ueofst
ri
ngerwi
dth“
b”basedont
hebendi
ng?

A.192mm C.290mm Si
tuati
on7–Rei nfor
cedconcr
etebeamshavi
ngwidthsof400mm andoveralldept
hsof600
mm arespaced3met er
sonthecenter
sasshowninthefi
gure.Thesebeamssupporta100
B.249mm D.338mm
mm thi
ckslab.Thesuperi
mposedl
oadsonthesebeamsareasf ol
lows:
15.Whati
stheval
ueofst
ri
ngerwi
dth“
b”basedonshear
?
Deadload(
incl
.fl
oorf
ini
sh,
cei
li
ng,
etc.
)……………………….
3.2kPa
A.321mm B.235mm Li
veload…………………………………………………………………. ……….
3.6kPa

Thecol
umnsEandHar eomitt
edsuchthatt
hegir
derBEHKsupportst
hebeamsDEFatEand Li
veload=1000Pa
GHIatH.AssumeEI=const
antforal
lbeams.Uni
twei
ghtofconcr
etei
s24kN/m3. Windload=1400Pa
WindCoeff
ici
ents:
19.Det
ermi
net
hef
act
oreduni
for
mloadonbeam GHI
,i
nkN/
m. Windward=+0.2
Leeward=-0.
6
A.47.
71 C.67.
21
Pr
opert
iesofC200x76
B.56.
98 D.41.
23
Sx=6.19x104mm3
20.Deter
minet
hemaxi
mum f
act
oredshear(
inkN)i
nbeam GHIassumi
ngt
hatGandIar
e Sy=1.38x104mm3
f
ixedandHi
shi
nge. Weight,w=79N/ m
All
owablebendi
ngstr
ess,
Fx=Fy=207MPa
A.143.
2 C.121.
1

B.178.
9 D.98.
4 22.Deter
minethecomput
edbendi
ngst
ress,
fbx,
duet
othecombi
nat
ionofdeadandl
ive
l
oadsonly.
21.Deter
minet
hemaximum f
actor
edposi
ti
vemoment(
inkN-
m)i
nbeam GHassumi
ng
t
hatGandIaref
ixedandHishi
nge. A.196MPa C.123MPa

A.213 C.154 B.176MPa D.151MPa

B.187 D.112 23.Deter

minethecomput
edbendi
ngst
ress,
fby,
duet
othecombi
nat
ionofdeadandl
ive
l
oadsonly

A.169MPa C.143MPa

B.123MPa D.103MPa

24.Det
erminetheval
ueoft
hei
nter
act
ionequat
ionusi
ngt
hel
oadcombi
nat
ionof0.
75(
D+
L+W)atthewindwar
dsi
de.

A.0.
87 C.1.
25

B.1.
59 D.1.
87

Sit
uation9¬–Thecol umnshowni nthef i
gureissubj
ectedtoshearf orceparal
leltothe600
mm side.All
owableconcr
eteshearstressforshearparal
leltot
he600mm si deis0. 816MPa.
Concretest
rengt
hf’c=21MPaandst eel str
engthforbothlongi
tudinalandconfining
rei
nforcementsi
s415MPa.Thet iesareall12mm i ndiameterwithclearcoverof40mm.

25.Det
ermi
net
hef
act
oredshearf
orceVut
hatt
hecol
umncanr
esi
sti
fthenomi
nal
shear
st
rengt
hpr
ovi
dedbyt
het
iesi
s375kN.

Si
tuati
on8–Channelsect
ionsar
eusedaspur
li
n.Thetopchor
dsofthetr
ussar
esloped4Ht
o A.378 C.467
1V.Thetr
ussesar
espaced6m oncent
erandt
hepurli
nsarespaced1.
2m oncent
ers.
B.426 D.532
Loads:
Deadl
oad=720Pa 26.I
fthet
iesar
espacedat225mm oncent
ers,
whati
sthemaxi
mum val
ueofVui
nkN?

A.472 B.421
 C.335 D.389 (3)Transverser ei
nfor
cementshallbeprovidedbyei thersingl
eoroverlappi
nghoops.
Crossti
esoft hesamebarsi zeandspaci ngast hehoopmaybeused.Eachendoft he
27.Ifthefact
oredshearfor
ceparal
lelt
othe600mm sideis400kN,deter
mi nethe crossti
eshal lengageaperipher
allongi
tudinalrei
nforcingbar.Consecuti
vecrosst
ies
requi
redspacingoft
ransver
sereinf
orcementi
naccor
dancewit
ht heprovisi
onfor shallbealternatedendforendalongthel ongi
tudinalreinf
orcement.
seismicdesi
gn.
(4)I
fthedesi
gnofthemembercoresati
sfi
estherequi
rementoft
hespeci
fi
edl
oading
A.126mm C.241mm combinat
ionsi
ncl
udingear
thquakeef
fect
,Eq.(21-
3)and(10-
5)neednott
obesat
isfi
ed.
B.164mm D.100mm
5.21.
4.4.
2Transver
serei
nfor
cementshal
lbespacedatdi
stancenotexceeding(a)one-
quar
ter
oftheminimum memberdimensi
on,(
b)si
xtimesthedi
amet erofl
ongi
tudinalr
einfor
cement
,
and(c)asdefi
nedbyEq.21-5

350-
hx
sx=100 + 21-
5
3
Theval
ueofsxshal
lnotexceed150mm andneednotbet
akenl
esst
han100mm.

Wher
e:

Ach=cr
oss-sect
ionalar
eaofast
ruct
ural
membermeasur
edout
-t
o-outoft
ransver
se
r
einf
orcement,mm2

5.
21.
4Speci
alPr
ovi
sionf
orSei
smi
cDesi
gn Ash=t
otalcr
oss-
sect
ionalar
eaoftr
ansver
sereinf
orcement(
incl
udi
ngcr
osst
ies)wi
thi
n
spacingsandperpendi
cul
artodimensi
onhc
5.
21.4.
4TransverseReinforcement
5.
21.4.
4.1Transver
sereinforcementasspeci
fi
edbel
owshal
lbepr
ovi
dedunl
essal
arge f
yh=speci
fi
edyi
eldst
rengt
hoft
ransver
ser
einf
orcement
,MPa
amountisr
equiredbySec.5. 21.
7
hc=cross-
secti
onaldimensionofcolumncoremeasur
edcent
er-
to-
cent
erofout
erl
egs
(
1)Thevol
umetr
icr
ati
oofspi
ral
orci
rcul
arhoopr
einf
orcement
,ρs,
shal
lnotbel
ess ofthetr
ansverserei
nforcementcompr
isi
ngareaAsh,
mm
t
hanthati
ndi
cat
edby:
hx=maxi
mum hor
izont
alspaci
ngofhoopofcr
osst
iel
egsonal
lfacesofcol
umn,
mm
ρs=0.
12f
’c/fyh 21-
2
s=spaci
ngoftransver
ser
einf
orcementmeasur
edal
ongt
hel
ongi
tudi
nalaxi
soft
he
andshal
lnotbel
esst
han st
ruct
uralmember,mm

Ag
(A -1)f
f
'c
ρs=0.
45 10-
5
c y Si
tuat
ion10¬–Thegi rderABshowninthefi
gur
eissubj
ectedtotor
sionalmomentfrom t
he
l
oadsont hecant
ileverfr
ame.Thefol
lowingf
act
oredf
orcesarecomputedfrom t
hisbeam:
(
2)Thetotalcrosssect
ional
areaofr
ect
angul
arhoopr
einf
orcementshal
lnotbel
ess Fact
oredmoment ,Mu=440kN-m
t
hanthatgivenby: Fact
oredshear,Vu¬=280kN
Fact
oredtorque,Tu¬=180kN-
m
shcfcA
( )
' g
Ash=0.
3 -
1 21-
3
fyh Ac Thegir
derhasawi dthof400mm andanover alldepthof500mm.Concr etecoveri
s40mm.
Thecentr
oidoflongit
udi
nalbarsoft
hegi r
derareplaced65mm f rom theextremeconcr
ete
shcf
'c fi
ber
s.Concret
est r
engthf’
c =20.
7MPaandst eelyi
eldstrengt
hforlongit
udinalbar
sisfy=
Ash=0.
9 21-
4
f
yh 415MPa.Use12mm U- sti
rrupswi
thfyt=275MPa.Al lowableshearstr
essinconcretei
s0.76

MPa.
Vu 2 TuPh 2 Vc 2 '
28.Det
ermi
net
her
equi
redar
eaoft
ensi
onr
einf
orcementoft
hegi
rder
,inmm2. ( ) +(
bwd 1.7Aoh
)≤ + f
bwd 3
c ( )
A.4,
154 C.3,
873
3. Wher
eTuexceedst
het
hreshol
dtor
sion,
desi
gnofcr
oss-
sect
ionshal
lbebasedon:
B.2,
732 D.3,
313

29.Det
ermi
net
hespaci
ngoft
ransver
ser
einf
orcementduet
oVu.
Tn≥Tu
A.137mm C.98mm
Tu=
2AoAtf
yt
cotθ
B.167mm D.185mm
s
30.Det
ermi
net
headdi
ti
onal
areaofl
ongi
tudi
nal
rei
nfor
cementt
oresi
stt
orsi
on,
inmm2.

A.3,
850 C.2,
850
Wher eAo¬shal
lbedeterminedbyanalysi
sexceptt
hati
sshal
lbepermit
tedtotakeAo
B.3,
420 D.4,
120 equalt o0.
85Aoh;θshal
lnotbetakensmallert
han30degr
eesnorl
argerthan60degrees.
Itshallbeper
mi tt
edtot
akeθequal to:

(
a) 45degreesf
ornonpr
est
ressedmember
sormember
swi
thl
esspr
est
resst
han
i
n(b);or

(
b) 37.
5degreesf
orprestressedmember swi
thaneff
ect
ivepr
estr
essf orcenot
l
essthan40percentofthetensi
lest
rengt
hofthel
ongit
udi
nalrei
nforcement.

4. Theaddi
ti
onalar
eaofl
ongi
tudi
nal
rei
nfor
cementt
oresi
stt
orsi
on,
Al,
shal
lnotbel
ess
than:
Code:

1. Thresholdtor
sion:ForNonprest
ressedmembers,
itshal
lbeper
mit
tedt
onegl
ectt
orsi
on

()
A f
yt
Al= tph 2
ef
fectsifthef
actoredtor
sionalmomentTui
slessthan: cotθ
s f
y

5. Mi
nimum torsi
onrei
nforcement:Wher
etor
sionalrei
nfor
cementi
srequi
red,
the
1
(P )
'
Acp2 mi
nimum areaoft
ransversecl
osedsti
rr
upsshallbecomputedby:
Tu< f
c
12 cp

2. Torsionalmomentstr
ength:Theadequacyofsol
idsect
ionsundercombi
nedshearand bw s
062 f
Av+2At=0. 'c
tor
sionshallbesucht
hat: f
yt

butshal
lnotbel
esst
han(
0.35bws)
/fyt
6. Wheretor
sionalrei
nfor
cementi sr
equi
red,
themini
mum t
otalar
eaofl
ongi
tudi
nal
t
orsi
onalrei
nforcement,Almin,
shal
lbecomputedby:

cp At f
()
5f'
cA yt
Almin= - ph
12f
y s f y

7. Spacingoft
orsi
onr
einfor
cement
:Thespaci
ngort
ransver
set
orsi
onr
einf
orcementshal
l
notexceedt
hesmal
lerofph/
8or300mm.

Thel ongit
udinalr
einfor
cementr equiredfortorsionshallbedi
stribut
edaroundthe
perimeteroftheclosedstir
rupswi thamaxi mum spaci ngof300mm.Thel ongi
tudinal
barsort endonsshallbeinsi
det hestirr
ups.Ther eshallbeatleastonelongit
udinalbaror
tendoni neachcornerofthest i
rrups.Longit
udi nalbar
sshallhaveadi ameteratleast
0.042t i
mest hesti
rrupspacing,butnotlesst hanaNo.10.

Wher
e:

Acp -areaencl osedbyout sideperimeterofconcr etecr osssection,mm2

Al -totalareaofl ongitudinal rei
nforcementt oresistt or
sion,mm2
Ao -grossar eaencl osedbyshearf lowpat h,mm2
Aoh -areaencl osedbycent erl
ineoft heoutermostcl osedtransversetor
sional
r ei
nf orcement mm2
,
At -areaofonel egofacl osedstirr
upr esi
sti
ngt or sionwithi
nspaci ngs,mm2
fyt -speci f
iedyi eldst r
engt hf yoftransversereinfor cement,MPa
Pcp -out sideper imet erofconcr et
ecr osssection,mm
ph -perimet erofcent erl
ineofout ermostcl osedtr ansverset or
sional
r ei
nf orcement ,
mm

Sol
uti
ons
*
**END*
**
Si
tuat
ion1
AnswerKey:

1D 6A 11B 16C 21D 26C

2B 7B 12C 17D 22D 27D

3A 8C 13D 18D 23A 28D

4A 9D 14C 19A 24C 29A

5B 10A 15C 20B 25C 30B

AV =2xπ( 2
Sheari
ngarea, 16) 248mm2
=804.
4
Shearfor
ce, PV =P=148kN

PV 148,
000
f
V= f
p=

Si
ncepul
leyi
sfr
ict
ionl
ess,
thet
ensi
onsatsl
ackandt
ightsi
desar
eequal
. AV 402.
124
f
p=368.
05MPa
T=W =30kN
Par
t3:Sheari
ngstressinbolt
s:
AV =2xπ( 2
Byi
nspect
ion,
=30° Sheari
ngarea, 16) 248mm2
=804.
4
a=2sec30°=2.
309m d=4t
an30°=2.
309m Shearfor
ce,PV =Pcos30°
Pv=148cos30°
Consi
der
ingtheFBDoft
heboom:
Pv=128.
172kN
∑MB =0 Tcsi
n60°xa+Txd=Tx4
Tc=25.359kN PV 128,
172
f
V= f
p=

∑FH =0 BH =T¬¬ccos30°+T AV 804.

248
BH =51.
962kN f
p=159.
4MPa

∑FV =0 BV =T-Tcsin30° Si
tuat
ion3
BV =17.
321kN
Par
tsIandII
:
RB = BH2 +BV2 RB = (
51. 2
962) +(
17. 2
321) Out
erdiamet
er,Do=300mm
I
nnerdi
ameter,
Di=288mm
RB =54.
772kN
Ar A=π(
ea, 3002–2882)=5, 77mm2
541.
4

Momentofinert
i I= π(
a, 3004–2884)=59.901x106mm4
64
Momentduet oP,Mp=Pxe=3x0. 1=0.3kN-m
Si
tuat
ion2 MomentatbaseduetoH,MH =HxL=0. 45x3=1.35kN-
m
Wei
ghtofcolumn,W =wxL=150x3=450N
P=148kN
St
ressduet
ocol
umnwei
ght
:
Par
t1:Bear
ingstr
essbetweent
hepi nandst r
ut:
Beari
ngarea;Ap=2x(Dpin)
(t ) W 450
1= -
f 1= -
f
str
ut

Ap=2x( 16)(10) A 5541.

77
Ap=320mm2 f
1=-0.
081MPa

P 148,000 St
ressduet
oPal
one:
f
p= f
p=
Ap 320
P Mpc 3000 0.3x106(
150)
f
p=462.
5MPa 2= - -
f 2= -
f -
A I 5541.
77 59.
901x106
Par
t2:Shear
ingst
ressi
npi
n:(
doubl
eshear
)
f
2=-1.
293MPa
 St
ressduet
olat
erall
oadHal
one: w4=0.4(1.
44)(
6) w4=3.
456kN/
m
θ=arctan(2/
6)
Mpc 0. 3x106(
150) θ=18.435°
2= -
f f
2=
I 901x106
59. F1=w1x4=27.
648kN
f
2=-3.
381MPa

Par
t1: F2=w2x6. 325=5.464kN F3=w3x6.325=27.322kN
Maxi
mum basest
ressduet
oP: F2x=F¬2sinθ=1.728kN F3x=F¬3si
nθ=8.64kN
f
max=-
0.081–1.293=-
1.374MPa F2y¬=F2cosθ=5.184kN F3y=F3cosθ=25.92kN
F4=w4x4=13. 824kN
Par
t2:
Maxi
mum basest
ressduetol
ater
all
oad: ∑MA =0 F1(2)+F4(2)+F3x(
5)=BV(12)+F2x(
5)+F2y(
3)+F3y(
9)
f
max=-
0.081–3.381=-3.
462MPa 27.648(
2)+13. 824(2)+8.64(
5)=12BV +1.728(
5)
+5.
184(3)+25.92(9)
Par
t3:
BV =-10.944kN( downward)
Shear
,V=H=450N
Diamet
er,
D=250mm,
r=125mm ∑FV =0 AV +BV +F2y+F3y=0

Shearst
ress,
f 4V 4(
450) AV =-20.16kN(
downwar
d)
V= f
V=

3πr
2
3π( 2
125) ∑MDright=0 (Seefi
gurebelow)
f
V =0.
012MPa F3(
3.162)+F4(4)+BH(6)+BV(6)=0
27.322(
3.162)+13.824(4)+BH(6)+(
-10.
944)
(6)=0
Si
tuat
ion4 BH =-12.672kN( t
otheleft
)

∑FH =0(
entir
ef r
ame)
AH +BH +F1+F4–F2x+F3x=0
AH +(-
12.672)+27.
648+13.824–1.
728+8.
64=0
AH =-
35.712kN( t
othel
eft)

Bay,
s=6m
w=cxpxs

w1=0.
08(1.
44)(
6) w2=0.1(1.
44)(
6)
w1=6.
912kN/m w2¬=0.864kN/m
w3=0.
5(1.
44)(
6) w3=4.32kN/m

∑Mpin=0 T(
2.1)+F2y2=F1y1
T=107.274kN

Fr
om t
hebeam di
agram shown:
R=T/2=85.137kN
R=wL/2
w=2R/ L
w=2(85. 137)
/3
w=56. 758kN/M
2
Mmax=wL
2
M¬max=
758(
56. 3)
8 8
Mmax=63.
853kN-
m

Vmax=R=85.
137kN

Si
tuat
ion5
f 6M ≤Fb 6( 853x106)=14.
63.
b= 7
2 2
bd b(
300)
b=289.
6m

f 3V ≤FV 3(
85,
137)=1.
V= 48
2bd 2b(
300)
b=287.
6m

Si
tuat
ion6

wD =γcxbh wD =20x(
0.4)
(0.
6)
wD =4.
8kN/m

Momentatf
ixedend;M =18(
6)+4.8(
6)(
3)
M =194.
4kN-m

Ps
Axi
alst
ressduet
opr
est
ressi
ngf
orce, pa= -
f
F1=1 KaγsoilH2xL F1=1
2 2 bh
(
1/3)
(17.
3)(
5. 2
4)(3) 540,
000
pa=-
f
F1=252.
234kN 400(
600)
y1¬=(
2.1+3.
3)/
3=1.8m
Fpa=-2.
25MPa
F2= 1 KaγwaterH2xLF2=1 ( 2
9.8)
(2.
7) (3)
2 2 6Pse
F2=107. 136kN St
ressduet
oeccent
ri
cposi
ti
onofPs;f
pe=±
y2¬=(
2.7)
/3=0.9m bh2
 f
pe=±0.
0225e(
-)f
ort
opf
iber Fact
oredfloorpressur
e:
pu=1.4(3.2+2.
4)+1.
7(3.
6)
6M pu=13.96kPa
St
ressduet
omoment
,fM¬=± (
+)f
ort
opf
iber
bh2 Equi
val
entl
oadonbeam duet
ofact
oredpr
essur
e:
Par
t1:St
ressi
nbot
tom f
iberatt
hef
reeendoft
hebeam
pus s2 (13.96)
(3) 3 2
whene=0 wu1=
6 L [ ()]
3- x2 wu1=
6
3-
7.5 [ ( )]
x2

Si
nceM =0att
hef
reeend,
fbot=-
2.25MPa wu1=39.646kN/m
(uni
for
mintheent
ir
ecr
osssect
ion)
Tot
alf
act
oredunifor
ml oad(i
ncl
udi
ngbeam wei
ght
)
Par
t2:St
ressi
nthet
opf
iberatf
ixedendwhene=100mm: wu=1.4(5.
76)+39.646
M =194.
4kN-
m wu=47.71kN/ m → Par
t1

f
top=-
2. 0225e+6
25-0. M
bh2

f
6( 4x106)
194.
top=-
2.25–0.
0225(
100)+
2
400(
600)
f
top=+3.
6MPa

Par
t3:Val
ueof“
e”sucht
hatt
hest
ressi
nthet
opf
iberatf
ixedendi
szer
o:
w L2 47.71(7.
5)2
MG = - u
MomentatG, MG = -
f
top=-
2.25–0.
0225e+
6M 12 12
MG =-223.643kN- m
bh2
React
i RG =1 wuL RG =1 (
onatG, 47.
71)(
7.5)
0=-
2.25–0.
0225e+
6( 4x106)
194. 2 2
RG =178.91kN
2
400(
600)
Maxi
mum f
act
oredsheari
nbeam GHI
,Vmax=RG =178.
91kN
e=260mm
Maxi
mum posi
ti
vemomenti
nbeam GH:
Si
tuat
ion7 2 2
M =wuL M =47.
71(
7.5)
Unitwei
ghtofconcret
e, m3
γc=24kN/ 24 24
Deadloadpressure=3.2kPa
Li
veloadPressure=3.6kPa M =111.
82kN-
m

Wei
ghtofbeam: Si
tuat
ion8
wb=γcAc wb=24(
0.4)
(0.6)
Deadl
oadpr
essur
e=720
wb=5.
76kN/ m
Pa
Wei
ghtofsl
ab: Li
vel
oadpr
essur
e=1000
ps=γct ps=24(
0.1) Pa
ps=2.
4kPa Wi
nd=1400Pa

Beam wei ght=79N/

m
f My 339x106
2.
by= f
by=
Fbx=207MPa
Sy 38x104
1.
Fby=207MPa
θ=ar ctan(1/4) f
by=169.
485MPa
θ=14. 036°
Par
t2:Dead+Live+Windonwi
ndwar
dside
wN2=0.
75(wN +www) wN =0.
75(
2079.015+336)
Wi
ndcoef
fi
cient
: wN =1811.262N/
m
Windwardcoeff
ici
ent=0.2
Leewardcoef
fi
cient=-0.
6 wT2=0.
75(
wT) wT=0.
75(519.
754)
wT=389.815N/
m
Deadl
oad; wD =720(
1.2)+79
2
wD =943N/m w L2
Mx= N2 Mx=
262(
1811. 6)
8 8
Li
vel
oad; wL=1000(
1.2)
wL=1200N/m Mx=8.
151kN-
m

Wi
ng: www =1400(
1.2)
(0.
2) f Mx 151x106
8.
bx= f
bx=
www =336N/m Sx 19x104
6.
wlw =1400(
1.2)
(-0.
6) f
bx=131.
675MPa
wlw =-
1008N/ m 2
w L2
My= T2 My=
815(
389. 6)
Par
t1:Duet
odeadandl
ivel
oadonl
y 8 8
wN=(
wD +wL)cosθ wN =(
943+1200)cos14.036° My=1.
754kN-
m
wN =2079.
015N/
m
f My 754x106
1.
by= f
by=
wT=(
wD +wL)si
nθ wT=(
943+1200)si
n14.
036° Sy
wT=519.
754N/m 38x104
1.
f
by=127.
114MPa
2
w L2
Mx= N Mx=
015(
2079. 6) f
¬¬¬bx fby 131.675 127.114
8 8 + = + =1.
25
Fbx Fby 207 207
Mx=9.
356kN-
m

f Mx 356x106
9. Si
tuat
ion9
bx= f
bx=
Sx 19x104
6. bw =400mm f
y=415MPa
f
bx=151.
14.
MPa h=600mm All
owabl
eshearst
ressofconcr
ete,
Fvc=0.
816MPa
2
f’
c=2 1MPa
w L2
My= T My=
754(
519. 6)
8 Reduct
ionf
act
or, =0.
085
8
My=2.
339kN-
m
 Par
t3:
Vu=400kN

Vs=Vu–Vc Vs=400–174.
787
Vs=225.
213kN

s=
Avf
yd
s=
339.
29(
415)
(535.
5)
Vs 225.
213
s=334.
8mm

Requi
rement
sforSei
smi
cDesi
gn:

Ach=(600–2x40)( 400mm2
400-2x40)=166,
Ag=600x400=240, 000mm2
Ash=3xπ( 2
12)=339.29mm2
Ef
fect
ivedept
h,d=600–40–12–0.
5(0.
25) 4
Ef
fect
ivedept
h,d=535.
5mm hc=400–2( 40)–12=308mm

shcfcA s(
308)
(21)240,
000
( )
'
Shearst
rengt
hpr
ovi
dedbyconcr
ete,
Vc=Fvcbw d
( )
g
Ash=0.
3 -
1 29=0.
339. 3 -1
Shearst
rengt
hpr
ovi
dedbyconcr
ete,
Vc=0.0816(400)
(535.
5) fyh Ac 415 166, 400
Shearst
rengt
hpr
ovi
dedbyconcr
ete,
Vc=174.787kN s=164mm

Par
t1: shcf
'c s(
308)
(21)
Vs=375kN Ash=0.
9 339.
29=0.
9
f
yh 415
Vn=Vc+Vs Vn=174.
787+375 s=242mm
Vn=549.
787
Mi
nimum requir
ementaccor
dingt
oSect
ion5.
21.
4.4.
2:
Vu= Vn Vu=0.
85(549.
787) a)b/4=100mm
Vu=467.
319kN b)6(25)=150mm

c)100+
350-hx
Par
t2:
s=225mm 3
hx=½(600–2x40)–½(
12)+½(
25)+½(
12)
Av=3xπ( 2
12) 29mm2
=339. hx=272.
5mm
4
100+
350-hx=126mm
Vs=
Avf
yd
Vs¬=
339.
29(
415)
(535.
5) 3
s 225 Ther
efor
e,usess=100mm
Vs=335.
12kN
Si
tuat
ion10
Vn=Vc+¬V¬s Vs=174.
787+335.
12
Vs=509.
906kN Mu=440kN-m cover=40mm
Vu=280kN f’
c=2 0.
7MPa
Vu= Vn Vu=0.
85(509.
906)
Tu=180kN-
m f
y=415MPa
Vu=433.
42kN

b=400mm fyt=275MPa Av=2xπ( 2

12) 2mm2
=226.
h=500mm Bardi ameter
,d=12mm 4
Al
lowabl
eshearst
ressi
nconcr et
e,Fvc=0.76MPa

Ef
fect
ivedept
h,d=500–65=435mm Vn=Vu Vn=280
ϕ 0.
85
Par
t1: Vn=329.
412kN
Mu=440kN-
m
Vc=Fvcbw d Vc=0.
76(400)
(435)
'
85f
0. cβ
Vc=132.
24kN
1600 0.
85(
20.
7)(
0.85)
(600)
ρb= ρb=
f600 +f
y( y) 415(
600 +415) Vs=Vn–Vc Vs=329.
24–132.
24
'
ρb=0.
0213 Vs=197. 3f
17kN<1/ cbwd

ρmax=0.
75ρb=0.
01598 Avf
yhd 2(
226. 275)
(435)
S= s=
ρmaxf
y Vs 197,
170
ωmax= =0.
3203 s=137.
2mm
'
f
c
Maxi
mum spaci
ng(
d/2=217.
5mm)or
Rnmax=f
’cω(
1–0.
59ω) Rnmax=20.
7(0.
3203)
[1–0.
59(
0.3203)
] 600mm
Rnmax=5.
378MPa
Ther
efor
e,s=137mm
Mnmax=Rnmaxbd2 2
Mnmax=5.
378(400)
(435)
Mnmax=407kN-m Par
t3:
At f
Mnmax=0.
90(
407)=366.
32 Al¬=
yt
p cot
s hf
y
()
2
θ
Si
nceMu> Mumax,
thebeam mustbedoubl
yrei
nfor
ced θ=45°
x=400–46x2=308mm
Mu1= Mumax=407kN-
m
y=500–46x2=408mm
Mu=Mu1+Mu2 440=366.
32+Mu2 Aoh=xy=308( 664mm2
408)=125,
Mu2=73.
68kN-
m Ao=0.85Aoh=106,814mm2
ph=2(x+y)=1432mm
Tensi
onst
eelar
ea,
As=As1+As2

As1=ρmaxbd As1=0.
01598(
400)
(435) Tn=Tu 1
= 80=211.
77kN-
m
ϕ 0.
85
780mm2
As1=2,

M¬u2=T2(
d–d’
) 73.678x106=As2(
415)
(435-65)
2AoAtf
yt 106,
2( 814)At(
275)
Tn= cotθ 211.
77x106= cot45°
As2=533mm2 s s
At=3.
As=2, 313mm2
780+533=3, 605mm
s
Par
t2:
At f
()
Vu=280kN yt 2 275 2
Al¬= p cot θ Al=3.
605(
1, (
432) )cot45°
s hf
y 415
 420mm2
Al=3, A.40 C.160

B.80 D.12
2π
3
6.Eval
uat
ethei
nter
al∫cscxcotxdx
: π
3

A.1 C.½

B.0 D.-
1

7.Fi
ndt
hegener
alsol
uti
onoft
hef
oll
owi
ngdi
ff
erent
ialequat
ion:
MATHEMATI
CS,
SURVEYI
NG&TRANSPORTATI
ONENGI
NIRI
NG
y”+3y’
-4y=0
(
MAY2012)
A.y=C1e4x+C2xe-x C.y=C1e4x+C2e-x
1.XandYar
einver
sel
ypropor
ti
onal
wit
heachot
her
.Gi
vent
hatX=15,
000whenY=162,
500. -
4x x
B.y=C1e +C2xe D.y=C1e-4x+C2ex
Fi
ndXwhenY=328,400.

A.7,
422.
35 C.7,
849.
56

B.6,
567.
45 D.8,
956.
32

2.Thesum ofsevenconsecut
ivei
nteger
siszer
o.Whati
sthesmal
lesti
nteger
?

A.-
4 C.-
3

B.-
1 D.-
2 STRUCTURALENGI
NIRI
NG&CONSTRUCTI
ON
(MAY2012)
3.Thesum andpr oductoft
hreedi
sti
nctposi
ti
vei
nteger
sar
e15and45,
respect
ivel
y.Whati
s
thel
argesti
nteger? 1.Averti
calloadofW i
ssuppor
ted
bythetri
podshown.Ifthe
A.5 C.15
capaci
tyofeachlegis15kN,
B.9 D.7 whatisthesafeval
ueofW?

4.Whati
sthecurvedsur
facear
eaofaspher
ical
segment(
wit
htwobases)ift
hedi
amet
ersof A.34.
48kN
t
hebases,
whichare25cm apar
t,ar
e100cm and140cm,r
espect
ivel
y.
B.36kN
A.11, 43cm2
673. C.13, 34cm2
783. C.32.
12kN
B.10, 93cm2
567. D.12, 75cm2
328. D.42kN

5.Theareaofaparkonamapis500mm2.I
fthescal
eofthemapi
s1t
o40,
000,
det
ermi
ne 2.Six(6)steelcablesareusedt o
thet
rueareaoft
heparki
nhect
ares(
1hect
are=104m2) supportaci r
cularmoulding
havingadi ameterof2m and
weighing3.6kN/ m.Thecabl es
areequallyspacedar oundthe
moul di
ngandat t
achedtoa

si
ngl
ehook3m abovethemoul
ding.I
ftheal
lowabl
est
ressi
nthecabl
eis105MPa,
what Sit
uati
on1–Thehooki
ssubj
ect
ed
i
stherequi
reddi
amet
er? tothr
eefor
cesP,
QandSasshown.
P=35kNandQ=45kN.
A.8mm C.9mm
8.Determinetheanglesuch
B.7mm D.10mm
thattheresul
tantofthethr
ee
3.Avert
icalsteelr
odisfi
xedatt
hetopandsupport
san8-kNl
oadatthel
owerend.Ther
odi
s forcesis80kNact i
ng
horizont
all
ytotheright.
10mm ndi ameterand25mm long.Uni
twei
ghtofst
eeli
s77kN/m3.Whati
sthetot
al
el
ongati
onoft herod? A.22.
85°
A.12.
732mm C.12.
973mm B.21.
78°
B.12.
853mm D.12.
612mm C.24.
98°
4.Ahall
owcirculartubehasanout
sidediameterof85mm andi
s5mm thick.Thet
ubei
s D.23.
12°
f
ixed(cant
il
ever)atoneendandsubjectedt
oat or
queof4kN-
m ati
tsf
reeend.Whati
sthe
maximum shearingstr
essint
hetube? 9.Ifangle=60°,f
indthemagni
tudeoft
hef
orceSsucht
hatt
her
esul
tantf
orcei
s
horizont
alt
otheright
.
A.76.
5MPa C.92.
3MPa
A.48kN C.42kN
B.98.
7MPa D.84.
2MPa
B.51kN D.45kN
5.Adecor
ati
veconcret
ebeam i
ssi
mpl
ysuppor
tedoveraspanof6m.Thebeam wei
ghs4
kN/
m andthecracki
ngmomenti
s38kN-
m.Whatisthesafeuni
for
mloadoft
hebeam? 10.
Findt
hemagni
tudeoft
hef
orceSsucht
hatt
het
hreef
orcesar
einequi
li
bri
um.

A.4.
44kN/
m C.5.
24kN/
m A.43.
87kN C.45.
98kN

B.4.
84kN/
m D.3.
84kN/
m B.40.
93kN D.38.
65kN

6.A2.8m cant
il
everbeam carr
iesauni
for
mlydi
stri
but
edl
oadof20kN/
mt hr
oughoutit
s
l
engthandaconcentrat
edloadof30kNatapoint2met
ersf
rom t
hef
ixedend.Whatist
he
bendi
ngmomentatt hefi
xedend? Situati
on2–Thehor i
zont
al
distancefr
om Aatoneendof
A.91.
3kN-
m C.123.
9kN-
m ther i
vert
oframeCattheother
endi s20m.Thecablecar
ri
esa
B.76.
7kN-
m D.99.
2kN-
m
l
oadofW =50kN.Thesag“ d”
7.A12m longbeam issimpl
ysupportedattheleftendandat3m from t
herightend.The ofthecableis1m.
beam wi
llbesubj
ectedtoaunif
ormlydist
ribut
edmovi ngl
oad.Whattotall
engthofthe
beam mustbesubject
edtothi
sloadtoproducemaxi mum negat
ivemomentatmi dspan?
11.
Findthedi
stancex1such
A.9m C.7.
5m
thatt
hetensioni
nsegmentABoft
hecabl
eisequalt
othatsegmentBC.
B.3m D.4.
5m
A.9m C.12m

B.10m D.11m

12.
Cal
cul
atet
het
ensi
oni
nsegmentBCwhenx1=5m.
A.206.
56kN B.174.
9kN
 C.165.
43kN D.187.
92kN Wi
ndpr
essur
e,q=1.6kPa
Wi
ndpr
essur
ecoef
fi
cient
,c=1.
0
13.
Whati
sthet
otall
engt
hoft
hecabl
ewhenx1¬=5m?
17.Thehor
izont
alcomponentoft
her
eact
ionatAi
snear
estt
o:
A.20.
13m C.21.
12m
A.19.
54kN C.16.
38kN
B.20.
76m D.19.
76m
B.21.
89kN D.12.
45kN

18.Whati
stheaxi
alst
ressst
rutBCwhosecr
osssect
ionaldi
mensi
oni
s6mm x76mm?
Sit
uati
on3¬–The1. 8-
m- di
ametercir
cul
ar
pl
ateshownissupport
edbyequal l
yspaced A.94.
1MPa C.76.
5MPa
postsal
ongi
tscircumf
erence.AloadP=
1150kNisplacedatdi
stancex=0. 45m B.87.
3MPa D.102.
6MPa
fr
om postA. 19.Ift
hest
rutABwerer
epl
acedbya16mm st
eelcabl
e,det
ermi
net
henor
malst
ress(
in
14.
Negl
ecti
ngt
heweightoft
heplat
e, MPa)i
nthecabl
e.
whati
sther
eact
ionatpostA? A.86.
5MPa C.96.
3MPa
A.834.
2kN B.90.
1MPa D.99.
1MPa
B.766.
7kN Sit
uation5–Agi rderweighi
ng
C.191.
7kN 18kN/ mi ssuspendedona
paraboli
ccablebyaser iesof
D.194.
6kN vert
icalhanger.Thelengthof
thebeam is24m andt hesag
15.
Negl
ecti
ngt
heweightoft
heplat
e, ofthecableis3m.
whati
sther
eact
ionatpostB?
20.Whati st
heverti
cal
A.766.
7kN C.194.
6kN componentofthe
react
ionatA?
B.834.
2kN D.191.
7kN
A.240kN C.216kN
16.
Consider
ingtheweightoft
hepl
ate,
whatist
her
eact
ionatC?t
hepl
atei
s45mm t
hick
andtheunitweightofst
eeli
s77kN/m3. B.250kN D.275kN
A.194.
6kN 21.Whati
sthet
ensi
oni
nthecabl
eatt
hecent
er?
B.191.
7kN A.487kN C.432kN
C.834.
2kN B.412kN D.521kN

D.766.
7kN 22.I
ftheal
lowabl
ecabl
etensi
oni
s360kN,
whati
sthemi
nimum sag?

Sit
uati
on4¬–Thebi l
lboar
d,3m hi
ghby4m A.4.
5m C.5m
wide,i
ssupport
edasshowi nt
hefi
gure.The
tot
alweightoft
hebi
ll
boardis30kN.H=1. 5 B.3.
5m D.5.
5m
m, θ=60°.
Si
tuat
ion6–St
eelt
ankwi
thanout
sidedi
amet
erof600mm hasawal
lthi
cknessof8mm.

Thet
anki
susedasst
orageofgasunderapr
essur
eof2.
2MPa. C.0.
0132MPa

23.Det
ermi
net
heval
ueoft
het
angent
ial
str
essi
nthet
ankwal
l. D.0.
0115MPa

A.83.
2MPa C.89.
4MPa Si
tuat
ion8–Thebar geshown
i
nthefigur
esupport
stheload
B.80.
3MPa D.90.
2MPa w1andw2.Forthi
sprobl
em, w1¬
24.Det
ermi
net
heval
ueoft
hel
ongi
tudi
nal
str
essi
nthet
ankwal
l. =145kN/ m,w2=290kN/m, L1
=3m, L2=6m, L3=3m.
A.38.
5MPa C.34.
7MPa
29.Whatisthelengthof
B.43.
1MPa D.40.
2MPa bar
ge“L”sot hatt
he
upwar
dpr essurei
s
25.Iftheall
owabl
etensi
lest
ressi
nthewal
lis124MPa,
towhatval
uemayt
hegas uni
for
m?
pressur
ebeincr
eased?
A.15m C.20m
A.3.
765MPa
B.12m D.18m
B.2.
873MPa
30.Whati
stheshearat3m f
rom t
hel
eftend?
C.4.
123MPa
A.-
162kN C.-
194kN
D.3.
397MPa
B.-
151kN D.-
174kN
Si
tuati
on7–Thesolidpol
eshowni
nthefigureis
l
oadedwithver
ti
call
oadP=3kNandlat
eralloadH= 31.Atwhatdi
stancef
rom t
hel
eftendwi
llt
hesheari
nthebar
gebezer
o?
0.
45kN.Thepoleis3m hi
gh280mm di
amet erand
A.4m C.5m
weighs22kN/m3.
B.5.
5m D.4.
5m
26.Whatist
hemaxi
mum compr
essi
vest
ressat
t
hebase? Sit
uation9–Aconcret
epadsuppor
tst
wodi
stri
butedl
oadsof112kN/m,asshownint
he
fi
gure.Itr
equi
redt
odet
ermi
nethemaxi
mum shearadmomentinthepadduetot
hesel
oads.
A.0.
75MPa
32.Whatuni
for
m basepr
essur
e“q”i
sinducedbyt
hesel
oads?
B.0.
88MPa
A.24kN/
m C.48kN/
m
C.0.
65MPa
B.32kN/
m D.42kN/
m
D.0.
52MPa
33.Whati
sthemaxi
mum shearact
ingont
heconcr
etepad?
27.Whati
sthemaxi
mum t
ensi
lest
ressatt
hebase?
A.24kN C.32kN
A.0.
88MPa C.0.
75MPa
B.42kN D.48kN
B.0.
52MPa D.0.
65MPa
34.Whati
sthemaxi
mum momentont
hepad?
28.Whati
sthemaxi
mum shear
ingst
ressi
nthepol
e?
A.42kN-
m B.24kN-
m
A.0.
0097MPa B.0.
0054MPa
 C.32kN-
m D.48kN-
m C.156kg D.187kg

39.I
fthemanwei
ghs85kg,
whati
sthet
ensi
lest
ressi
nther
odi
fit
sdi
amet
eri
s10mm?

A.12.
89MPa C.17.
87MPa

B.14.
35MPa D.16.
78MPa

40.Whati
sthet
otall
engt
hoft
her
od?

A.6.
12m C.5.
34m

B.5.
69m D.7.
32m

Si
tuat
ion12–Thetr
ussshowni
smadef
rom Gui
jo100mm x150mm.Thel
oadont
het
russ
i
s20kN.Negl
ectf
ri
cti
on.

Sit
uati
on10¬¬–A10- ml ongbeam i
ssimpl
ysupport
edatthelef
tendandat2m fr
om t
he
ri
ghtend.Thebeam wi
llbeanal
yzedformaxi
mum shearatthemidspant
hatcanbei
nduced
byamovi ngl
oad.

35.Whati
stheor
dinat
eoft
hei
nfl
uencedi
agr
am att
hemi
dspan?

A.0.
3 C.0.
25

B.0.
45 D.0.
5

36.Whati
stheor
dinat
eoft
hei
nfl
uencedi
agr
am att
hef
reeend?

A.0.
3 C.0.
25

B.0.
45 D.0.
5

37.Thebeam wil
lbesubjectedtoaunif
orml
ydistr
ibut
edmovingl
oad.Whattot
allengt
hof
t
hisbeam mustbesubjectedtot
hisl
oadtoproducemaxi
mum shearatt
hemi dspan?

A.4m

B.6m

C.3m

D.5m

Sit
uation11–Thet russedbeam
Al
lowabl
estressesf orGuijo:
showni s5.4m long.Amanof
Compr essionpar al
lelt
ogr ai
n=11MPa
weight“W”isstandingatt he
Compr essionper pendi
culartograi
n=5MPa
middleofthebeam.Negl ectt
hewei
ghtoft
hebeam.
Shearpar all
eltograin=1MPa
38.Thecapaci
tyoft
her
odi
s2kN,
whati
sthesaf
emaxi
mum wei
ghtoft
hemani
nkg? Shearlongitudinalforj
oints=1.45MPa

A.132kg B.129kg

41.Det
ermi
net
hemi
nimum val
ueofx. C.500kN D.480kN

A.180mm C.160mm 45.Det

ermi
net
hesaf
eval
ueofPbasedont
ensi
ononnetar
ea.

B.150mm D.140mm A.439kN C.453kN

B.421kN D.486kN

42.Det
ermi
net
hemi
nimum val
ueofyi
nmm. 46.Det
ermi
net
hesaf
eval
ueofPbasedont
ensi
ononbl
ockshear
.

A.34.
9 C.13.
2 A.423kN C.495kN

B.26.
8 D.19.
5 B.469kN D.521kN

43.Whati
stheaxi
alst
ressi
nmemberACi
nMPa? Situat
ion14–A6- ml
ongfi
xed
-endedbeam carri
esa
A.1.
26 C.0.
67 unifor
mlydist
ribut
edl
oadof20
B.1.
89 D.2.
78 kN/ m.UseE=200GPaandI x=
6 4
67.5x10 mm .
Sit
uati
on13–Thel apj ointofatensi
onmemberisshowninthefi
gure.Thepl
ateis252mm
wideand12mm t hi
ck.Thebol t
sar e20mm i
ndiameterandt
heholesare3mm l ar
gerthan
theboltdi
ameter.St
eeli sA36withFy=248MPaandFu=400MPa.I tisrequi
redtodet
ermine
47.Deter
mi net
hemoment
thecapaci
tyofthejointbasedongr ossar
ea,
netarea,andbl
ockshear.
att
hefixedend.

A.-
60kN-
m C.-
65kN-
m

B.-
55kN-
m D.-
50kN-
m

48.Whati
sthemaxi
mum sheari
nthebeam?

A.60kN C.65kN

B.55kN D.50kN

49.Comput
ethever
ti
caldef
lect
ionatt
hemi
dspan.

A.4mm C.5mm

B.7mm D.6mm

Si
tuati
on15¬–Af ixedendbeam hasaspanof10m andsuppor
tsasuperi
mposeduni
for
mly
di
str
ibutedl
oadof20kN/ m.

44.Det
ermi
net
hesaf
eval
ueofPbasedont
ensi
onongr
ossar
ea.

A.450kN B.420kN
 d=350mm I
y=4 54x106
4.
t
w =9.
5mm 550mm2
A=11,
I
x=2 66x106
53.Deter
mi net
heeffect
iveslender
nessr
ati
onoft
hecol
umnwi
thr
espectt
olat
eral
buckl
ingaboutt
hex-axis.

A.42.
76 C.37.
66

B.34.
89 D.35.
98

Pr
oper
ti
esofW 450x70: 54.Deter
mi net
heeffect
iveslender
nessr
ati
onoft
hecol
umnwi
thr
espectt
othel
ater
al
buckl
ingaboutt
hey-axis.
A=8700mm2 I
x=2 7x106mm4
74. A.34.
89 C.37.
66
bf=150mm I
y=8 47x106mm4
.
tf=15mm t
w =10mm B.35.
98 D.42.
76
d=450mm Wb=70kg/m
55.Det
ermi
net
heaxi
all
oadcapaci
tyoft
hecol
umni
nkN.
50.Cal
cul
atethemaxi
mum bendi
ngst
ressi
nthebeam.
A.2435 C.3219
A.112.
56MPa C.142.
20MPa
B.2895 D.2663
B.132.
98MPa D.123.
87MPa
Fi
gur
eNSCP-
01
51.Whati
stheaver
ageshear
ingst
ressi
nthebeam?
WhenKL/
r<Cc(
shor
tcol
umn)
A.24.
35MPa C.23.
15MPa
KL KL3
B.26.
92MPa D.19.
32MPa
(KrL) F ()
[ ]
2
3( )
y 5 r r
52.Det
ermi
net
hemaxi
mum shear
ingst
ressi
nthebeam Fa= S.= +
F. -
1- 2 F.
S. 3 8Cc 8C3
c
A.26.
92MPa C.2435MPa
2Cc
WhenKL/
r>Cc(
longcol
umn)
B.19.
32MPa D.23.
15MPa

Fa= 12πE2
Situat
ion16–Abui ltupsectionconsisti
ng
KL2
()
ofW 350x90wi thtwo12mm pl ateswelded
toform aboxsectionasshowni ntheFigure 23
r
S01.Thesect i
onisusedasacol umn10
met er
slong.Thecolumni sf i
xedatbot h
endsandbr acedatmi dheightaboutthe K=ef
fect
ivelengt
hfactor K=0.
5forbothendsfi
xed
weakaxis( Y-
axis)
.Thecodepr ovi
sionis K=1forbothendspin K=0. 7foroneendfi
xedandot
herendpi
n
giveninFigur
eNSCP- 01.UseFy=248MPa. Sit
uati
on17–Aboxcolumnisformedbyweldingt
wochannelsect
ionsatt
hetipoft
hei
r
fl
anges.Thecol
umnhasanunsuppor
tedl
engthof4m andi
shingedatbothends(K=1.
0).

Pr
oper
ti
esofW350x90: Thepr
oper
tyofeachchannelsect
ioni
sasf
oll
ows:

bf=250mm t bf=90mm t
f=10mm d=250mm
f=16.
4mm

t
w =12mm I
y¬¬¬=291x106mm4
. A=4560mm2
̅
I
x=3 1x106mm4
8. x=21mm

Deadl
oad=12kN/ m(incl
udi
ngbeam wei
ghtanddeck)
Wheell
ivel
oads:
Frontwheel=18kN
Rearwheel=72kN
Wheelbase=4.3m
56.Whati
sthecompr
essi
vest
ressi
nthecol
umnduet
oanaxi
all
oadof900kN?
I
mpactf
act
or= 15 ≤30%,wher
eL=l
engt
hinm.
A.98.
7MPa C.89.
4MPa
L +37
B.91.
2MPa D.102.
5MPa
Pr
oper
ti
esofW 850x185:
57.Whati
sthemaximum bendi
ngst
ressi
nthecol
umnduet
oamomentof70kN-
m,about
t
hex-
axi
softhesect
ion?
A=23, 750mm¬2 t
w =15mm
A.114.
8MPa C.96.
5MPa d=850mm I
x=2 662x106mm4
bf=290mm I
y=8 52x106mm
1.
B.123.
9MPa D.1181.
1MPa t¬f=20mm
59.Calcul
atet
hemaximum bendi
ngst
ressi
nthebeam duet
odeadload.
58.Whati
sthecr
it
ical
(maxi
mum)ef
fect
ivesl
ender
nessr
ati
ooft
hecol
umn?
A.123MPa C.92MPa
A.48.
2 C.54.
4
B.107MPa D.98MPa
B.76.
1 D.65.
2
60.Cal
cul
atet
hemaxi
mum bendi
ngst
ressi
nthebeam duet
oli
vel
oadpl
usi
mpact
.
Sit
uati
on18¬–Thedeckofabr idgeconsi
stsofar
ibbedmetaldeckwith100mm concr et
e
sl
abont op.Thesuperstr
ucturesuppor
ti
ngthedeckismadeofwi def
langesteelbeams A.79MPa C.68MPa
str
engthenedbyacoverpl at
e16mm x260mm oneatt het
opandoneatt hebot t
om, andi
s
spaced1.2m oncenters.Thebeamsar esi
mplysupport
edoveraspanof25m.Thel oadson B.62MPa D.56MPa
eachbeam areasfol
lows:
61.Cal
cul
atet
hemaxi
mum aver
agewebshearst
ressi
nthebeam duet
oli
vel
oadpl
us
i
mpact
.

A.7.
6MPa C.9.
1MPa

B.8.
5MPa D.12.
4MPa

Si
tuat
ion19–TheW450x86beam i
ssuppor
tedbyaconcr
etewal
landa130-
mm-wi
de
bear
ingplat
easshown.Thebeam r
eact
ioni
s250kN.Al
lst
eelar
eA36st
eelwi
thFy=248MPa.
Concret
estr
engt
hf’c=27.
5MPa.

Pr
oper
ti
esofW450x86ar
easf
oll
ows:

d=450mm t
f=1 8mm k=38m
bf=190mm t
¬w =10mm

Al
lowabl
ebeari
ngst
ressofconcr
ete,
Fp=0.35f’
c

Al
lowabl
ebendi
ngstr
essofweakaxisofpl
ate,
Fb=0.
75Fy

62.Whati
sther
equi
redwi
dthoft
hebear
ingpl
ate“
W”?

A.220mm C.180mm

B.240mm D.200mm

63.UsingthewidthinPar
t1,wati
sther
equi
redplatet
hickness?Assumethatt
hecr
it
ical
sect
ioninbendingf
orbear
ingpl
atei
sdi
stance“k”f
rom theaxisoft
hebeam.

A.28.
4mm C.24.
5mm Sit
uation20–Thef l
oorfr
amingplanofar ei
nforcedconcret
estruct
urei
sshowni nthef
igur
e.
Thebeamsar e280mm wi deand520mm deepandt hesl
abis110mm t hi
ck.Othert
han
B.32.
1mm D.21.
2mm concretewei
ght,
thefl
oorissubj
ectedtoaddit
ional(super
imposed)deadloadof3kPaand
l
iveloadof5.2kPa.Uni
tweightofconcret
eis23.5kN/ m3.
64.Det
ermi
net
hewebyi
eldi
ngst
ressatt
hewebt
oeoff
il
let
.
Duet
ospaceconsider
ati
on,
thecol
umnsEandHar
etober
emoved.Thi
swi
llmakegi
rder
A.102MPa C.127MPa
BEHKsuppor
tthebeamsDEFatEandGHIatH.
B.85MPa D.111MPa
Uset
ri
but
aryar
eamet
hod.

65.Det
ermi
net
heuni
for
m ser
vicedeadl
oadonbeam DEF.

A.19.
87kN/
m C.17.
38kN/
m

B.21.
34kN/
m D.16.
21kN/
m

66.Det
ermi
net
heuni
for
m ser
vicel
ivel
oadonbeam DEF.

A.13kN/
m C.11kN/
m

B.14kN/
m D.12kN/
m

67.Det
ermi
net
hef
act
oredconcent
rat
edl
oadatEduet
oloadsonbeam DEF.

A.287.
9kN

B.145.
8kN D.321.
2kN D.10.
12 kN-
m

C.254.
5
kN

Sit
uati
on22–Ther ect
angularfoot
ingshowni ssubj
ectedtoaxiall
oadofP=1200kNanda
momentofM =360kN- m.iti
srequiredtodeter
minethesafegrossbeari
ngcapaci
tyoft
he
soi
ltosupportt
hegivenloads.Theuni twei
ghtsofconcret
eandsoilare23.
5kN/m3and18
kN/m3,r
especti
vel
y.

Sit
uati
on21–Thef l
oorfr
amingplanofarei
nfor
cedconcretestr
uct
ureisshownint
hefi
gur
e.
ThenthecolumnsEandHar edeleted,
gir
derBEHKcarr
iesthereact
ionofBEFatEandGHKat
H.thi
sgirdermaybeconsi
der
edfixedatBandK.theunifor
ml oadonthi
sgirderi
s5kN/
m and
theconcentr
atedl
oadatEandHar eeach270kN.

68.Cal
cul
atet
hemaxi
mum shearatBduet
ouni
for
m andconcent
rat
edl
oads.

A.321kN C.265kN

B.289kN D.253kN

69.Cal
cul
atet
hemaxi
mum shearatEduet
oconcent
rat
edl
oadonl
y.
71.Whati
sthemaxi
mum f
oundat
ionpr
essur
einkPa?
A.300kN C.290kN
A.256kPa C.287kPa
B.280kN D.270kN
B.274kPa D.321kPa
70.Cal
cul
atet
hemaxi
mum posi
ti
vemomenti
nthegi
rderduet
ouni
for
mloadonl
y.
72.Whati
sthemi
nimum f
oundat
ionpr
essur
einkPa?
A.11.
72kN-
m
A.64kPa C.82kPa
B.13.
21kN-
m
B.69kPa D.54kPa
C.9.
65kN-
m
73.Whatist
hemi
nimum r
equi
redgr
ossal
lowabl
esoi
lbear
ingcapaci
tyt
ocar
ryt
hegi
ven
l
oads?

A.310kPa B.280kPa
 C.290kPa D.300kPa C.168kN-
m D.183kN-
m

Situation23¬–TheT- beam shown 78.Ift

hedesignul
ti
matemomentcapaci
tyoft
hebeam i
s280kN-
m,det
ermi
net
her
equi
red
resultedfrom monol i
thicconst ructionof numberof20mm tensi
onbar
s.
thebeam andsl ab.Theef fectiveflange
wi dt
hi s1100mm andt heuni form slab A.8 C.9
thicknessi s120mm.wi dt
hofbeam i s B.6 D.7
340mm, total
depthoft heT- sect i
oni s
590mm.Thecent r
oidofst eeli s70mm 79.Ift
hebeam wi
llcar
ryanaddi
ti
onal
factor
edl
oadof240kNatmi
dspan,
det
ermi
net
he
from extremeconcr etefiber.Concr ete r
equir
ednumberof20mm tensi
onbars.
strengthf’c=2 1MPaandst reel st
rength
fy=4 15MPa.Usest r
engt hdesi gn A.14 C.10
met hod.
B.9 D.12

Sit
uat
ion25–Thesectionofacol
umni
sshowni
nthef
igur
e.Fort
hispr
obl
em,
b1=300mm,
74.Calcul
atethenomi
nalst
rengt
hof b2=180mm, d1=250mm, d2=350
thebeam f
orposi
ti
vemoment mm.f’
c=2 8MPa,fy=414MPa.
negl
ecti
ngthecont
ri
buti
onofthet
opr
einf
orcement
.
80.Det er
minethelocat
ionoft
he
A.567.
2kN-
m C.456.
1kN-
m grossconcret
eareameasured
fr
om y-axi
s.
B.503.
2kN-
m D.526.
5kN-
m
A.281mm
75.Cal
cul
atet
henomi
nalst
rengt
hoft
hebeam f
ornegat
ivemoment
.
B.262mm
A.289.
88kN-
m C.432.
12kN-
m
C.274mm
B.321.
98kN-
m D.238.
43kN-
m
D.253mm
76.Cal
culat
etherequi
rednomi
nalshearst
rengt
hoft
hebeam i
fiti
ssubj
ect
edt
oa
f
act
oredshearof220kN. 81.Deter
minethelocati
onofthepl
asti
cneutral
axi
softhecol
umnmeasur
edf
rom t
hey-
axi
s.Negl
ectt
hear eaofconcr
eteoccupi
edbythest
eel.
A.289.
4kN C.258.
8kN
A.272mm C.282mm
B.269.
5kN D.231.
9kN
B.302mm D.292mm
Situat
ion24–Ar einf
orcedconcret
ebeam hasawi dthof300mm andanover al
ldept
hof480
mm.Thebeam i ssimplysupport
edoveraspanof5m.St eelstr
engthf¬y=415MPaand 82.Deter
minethefact
oredmomentMuduet
ofactoredloadPu=3200appli
ed400mm
concretestrengt
hf’c=28MPa.Concr et
ecoverisover70mm f r
om thecentr
oidofthest
eel fr
om t
hey-axi
s.Assumethatt
hecol
umnisr
einforcedsucht
hatpl
asti
cneutr
alaxi
sis
area.Unitweightofconcret
eis23.5kN/m3.Othert
hant heweightofthebeam,thebeam 290mm fr
om they-axi
s.
carri
esasuper imposeddeadloadof18kN/ m andli
veloadof14kN/ m.Uset hestr
engt
h A.352kN-
m
designmet hod.
B.387kN-
m
77.Det
ermi
net
hemaxi
mum f
act
oredmomentont
hebeam.
C.326kN-
m
A.135kN-
m B.121kN-
m
D.376kN-
m

Situat i
on26–Thecol umnshowni nthefi
gurei
s 88.Det
ermi
net heval
ueofeccent
ri
cit
y“e”sucht
hatt
her
esul
ti
ngst
ressatt
het
opf
iberof
subj ectedtoshearf or
cepar al
lelt
ot he600mm t
hebeam i
szero.
side.Al l
owableconcr eteshearstressfi
rshear
par all
eltothe600mm si deis0.816MPa. A.100mm C.200mm
Concr etestrengthf’
c¬=2 1MPaandst eel B.120mm D.150mm
strengt hforbothlongitudi
naland
reinforcement si
s415MPa.Thet iesareal
l12 Sit
uation28–Thesecti
onofaprest
resseddoubl
e-t
eeconcr
etefl
oorjoi
stisshowninthe
mm i ndiameterwithclearcoverof40mm. fi
gure.Thepr
est
ressi
ngfor
ceineachteeis750kN.Uni
tweightofconcr
eteis23. m3.
5kN/

83.Det ermi
net hefactoredshearforceVu
thatthecolumncanr esi
stifthenominal
shearstrengthprovidedbyt heti
esis375
kN.

A.421 C.486

B.514 D.452

84.I
fthet
iesar
espacedat230mm ocent
ers,
whati
sthemaxi
mum val
ueofVu,
inkN?

A.446 C.389
Thepr
opert
iesofthedoublet
eesect
ionar
e:
B.521 D.416
Area=220,000mm2
4
85.Ifthefact
oredshearf
orceparal
lel
tot
he600mm sidei
s400kN,determinetherequi
red I=1890x106mm
spacingoftr
ansver
serei
nfor
cementinaccor
dancewi
ththepr
ovi
sionsforseismic y1=90mm
design. y2=270mm
y3=75mm
A.154.
8mm C.125.
8mm Simplespan,L=8m
B.112.
5mm D.208.
1mm Ser
vicel
oadonf
loor
:Deadl
oad=2.5kPa
Li
vel
oad=6kPa
Sit
uation27–Apr est
ressedconcretebeam haawidthof300mm andanoveral
ldept
hof600
mm.t heprest
ressi
ngt endonsareplacedatadist
ance“e”bel
owneutr
alaxi
softhebeam and 89.Det
ermi
net
hei
nit
ialst
ressatt
hebot
tom f
iber
sduet
opr
est
ressi
ngf
orceal
ong?
theappli
edprestr
essingforcei
sP=1500kN.Ther eis15%lossofpr
estr
ess.
A.-
42.
3MPa C.-
52.
8MPa
86.Deter
minet
hecompr
essi
vest
ressi
nconcr
etewhenPi
sappl
iesatt
hecent
roi
doft
he
beam. B.-
48.
6MPa D.-
37.
6MPa

A.6.
43MPa C.7.
08MPa 90.Deter
minethest
ressatt
hebott
om f
iber
sduetoservi
celoadandpr
est
ressi
ngf
orce.
Assumethatt
her
eisalossofpr
est
ressof20%atservi
celoads.
B.8.
21MPa D.7.
54MPa
A.-
8.9MPa C.-
12.
32MPa
87.Whati
sthemaxi
mum compr
essi
vest
ressi
nthebeam whene=120mm?
B.-
9.87MPa D.-
6.56MPa
A.14.
32MPa C.15.
58MPa
91.Calcul
atetheaddit
ionall
oadcant
hef
loorcar
rysot
hatt
hest
ressatt
hebot
tom f
iber
s
B.18.
72MPa D.16.
92MPa att
hemi dspaniszero.

A.5.
43kPa B.7.
98kPa
 C.4.
89kPa D.3.
04kPa C.Wor
k D.moment
um

Sit
uat
ion29–Asquarefooti
ngisshownint hef
igur
e.Thef
ootingi
stosupporta350mm x
400mm columnt
hatcarr
iedanaxi
aldeadloadof740kNandanaxi all
ivel
oadof460kN.Use
f’
c=20.7MPaandfy=275MPa.Mai nbardiameteri
s20mm, concr
etecoverf
rom cent
erof Si
tuat
ion31–Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ionsonaxi
aldef
ormat
ionofr
igi
dbodi
es:
mainbars=90mm. 98.Wi
thi
npr
opor
ti
onall
imi
t,t
hest
ressi
sdi
rect
lypr
opor
ti
onalt
ost
rai
n.
92.Cal
cul
atet
hef
act
oredshearonf
oot
ingatcr
it
icalsect
ionf
orwi
de-
beam act
ion. A.El
ast
icl
imi
t C.Poi
sson’
sRat
io
A.435kN C.504kN B.Young’
sModul
us D.Hooke’
sLaw
B.612kN D.587kN 99.Ther
ati
oofl
ater
alst
rai
ntol
ongi
tudi
nal
str
ain.
93.Cal
cul
atet
hef
act
oredshearonf
oot
ingatcr
it
icalsect
ionf
ort
wo-
wayact
ion. A.Hooke’
sLaw C.Young’
sModul
us
A.1432kN C.1648kN B.Poi
sson’
sRat
io D.El
ast
icLi
mit
B.1873kN D.1256kN 100.Wi
thi
nel
ast
icr
ange,
thesl
opeoft
hest
rai
ghtl
inepor
ti
onoft
hest
ress-
str
aincur
ve.
94.Det
ermi
net
her
equi
rednumberof20-
mm bar
s. A.Young’
sModul
us C.Hooke’
sLaw
A.15 C.13 B.El
ast
icLi
mit D.Poi
sson’
sRat
io
B.17 D.11

Sit
uat
ion30¬– Answert
hef
oll
owi
ng
quest
ions:

95.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngdeal
swi
thf
orcesatr
est
?

A.I
mpact C.St
ati
c

B.Ki
net
ic D.Dynami
c

96.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngf
orcesdet
ermi
neswhet
herabodywi
llbeatr
estori
nmot
ion?
ANSWERKEY:
A.Resul
tant C.Wor
k
1A 4D 6D 9D 12D 15D 17C 20C 23B
B.Equi
li
brant D.Moment
um
2B 5A 7B 10B 13A 18A 21C 24D 26B
97.Ener
gybyvi
rt
ueofvel
oci
ty
3B 8A 11B 14B 16A 19B 22A 25D 27D
A.Pot
ent
ial B.Ki
net
ic

28A 43A 50C 57A 65C 72A 79D 86C 94A 42 +1.
LAC = 2. 82 =3m

29A 36C 44A 51C 58C 73D 80B 87C 95C FACy=2.
4FAC =0.
8FAC
3
30D 37B 45A 52A 59D 66A 74B 81D 88A
FABy= 2.4 FAB =0.
7662FAB
31C 38B 53C 60C 67A 75A 82A 89B 96A 3.
1321
32C 39D 46B 54B 61B 68B 83C 90A 97B Bysymmet
ry,
FAB =F¬AD
33D 40B 47A 55D 62D 69D 76C 84A 91D 98D ∑MBD =0
FACy(
2.7)=W(
0.9) 0.8FAC(
2.7)=(
0.9)
34A 41C 48A 63C 70A 77C 85B 92C 99B
FAC =0.4167W
35D 42D 49C 56A 64D 71A 78D 93C 100A
SetFAC =15kN W =36kN

∑MCE=0
2(
FABy)
(2.
7)=W(
1.8) 5.
4(0.
7662FAB)
=W( 1.
8)
FAB =0.
43501W =FAD

SetFAB =15Kn
W =34.482kN(
gover
ns)

Sol
uti
ons
θ=ar
ctan(
3/1)=71.
565°
1
Tot
alwei
ght
,W =3.
6xπ(
2)=22.
619kN
LAD = 1.82 +2.42 +0.
92ππ
∑FV =0 6xTsi
nθ=22.
619
LAD =3.
1321m
T=3.
974kN
LAB =LAD =3.1321m
 974xπ( 2
Ft=TxAc 105=3, dc) 5
4
dc=6.
9say7mm Cr
ackingmoment ,
M =38kN-
m
Weightofbeam =4kN/
m
3
2
M =wL
2
38=
w(
6)
D=10mm m3
γs=77kN/
L=25m E=200GPa(
forst
eel
) 8 8
P=8kN w=8.
444kN/
m

Saf
euni
for
mload=8.
444–4=4.
444kN/
m
A=π( 2
Ar
ea, 10) 54mm2
=78.
4 6

2 MA =30(
2)+10(
2.8)
(1.
4)
Wei od,W =γ
ghtofr sVs=77,000[78.
54/
1000]
(25) MA =99.
2kN-m
W =154.189N

El
ongat
ionduet
oconcent
rat
edl
oadP:

δ1=PL δ1=
8,
000(
25,
000)
AE 78.
54(
200,
000)
δ1=12.
732mm 7

El
ongat
ionduet
oownwei
ght
:

1 1
WL (
151,
189)
(25,
000)
δ2=2 δ2=2
AE 78.
54(
200,
000)
δ2=0.
1203mm

Tot
aldef
ormat
i δ=δ1+δ2=12.
on, 853mm

Out
sidedi
ameter
,D=
I
nsi
dediamet
er,d=D–2t=
Tor
que,T= Moment=wxAr
eaundert
hei
nfl
uencedi
agr
am
Maxi
mum shear
ingst
ress: Maxi
mum negati
vemomentatBwi
lloccur
whentheuni
for
ml oadi
swi
thi
nCDonly.Tot
al
τ= 16TD τ=16(4x106)(
85) l
engt
h=3m
π( d4)
D4- π(854-
754)
τ=84.
22MPa Si
tuat
ion1

Gi
ven: Thet
ensi
onsi
nthecabl
esareequal
whent hei
ranglesofi
ncl
inat
ion
P=-
35i ar
eequal
.Si
nceAandCareonthesameelevat
ion,t
heref
orex1=x2=10.
Q=(45cos60°)
i–(45si
n60°
)j
Q=22.5i–38.
97j Par
ts2&3:

Par
t1:

Resul
tant
,R=80i

R=P+Q+S
80i=-
35i+(22.5i
-38.
9j)+S
S=92.5i+38.97j
Sx=92.5kN, Sy=38.97kN

α=ar
ct
S
an y α=ar
ctan38.
91
Sx 92.5
α=22.85° θ=arct
an(
5/1)=78.
69°
Par
t2: α=arct
an(
15/1)=86.19°
β=180°-α–β=15. 12°
Resul
tanti
shori
zont
al
t
other i
ghtwi
thα=60° Fr
om t
hef
orcepol
ygon:

T1 T
= 2 = W
R=P+Q+S=Rxi+0j
Rxi=-35i+(22.
5i–38.97j
)
+S(
cos60°i+si n60°j)
si
nα sinθ si
nβ
Rxi+0j=( -
12.
50.5S)I+ 50
(-
38.97+0.
866S)j T1¬= si 19°=
n86.
si
n15.12°
0=-
38.
97+0.
866S 191.
21kN→ Par
t2
S=45kN 50
T2= sin78.
69°=
Par
t3: si
n15.12°
187.
92kN
P+Q+S=0
-
35i+(
22.5i–38.
97j
)+S=0 Lengt
hofcable:
S=12.
5i+38.97j L=x1secθ+x2secα
Sx=12.
5kN L=5sec78.69°+15sec86.
19°
Sy=38.
97kN L=20.13m → Par
t3

S= 12.52 +38.
972 Si
tuat
ion3
S=40.927kN
Part
s1&2:
Neglect
ingt
hewei
ghtoft
hepl
ate:

Si
tuat
ion2 ∑MA =0
2RB (
1.35)=1150(
0.45)
Par
t1: RB =191.667kN=RC
 ∑FV =0
St
ressi
nmemberAB,
f
915x103
18.
AB =
RA=1150–2( 191.
667)
RA =766.
67kN
π 2
(16)
4
Part3
Consi
der
ingt
hewei
ghtoft
hepl
ate: St
ressi
nmemberAB,
fAB =94.
08MPa→ Par
t3

W =γsVs Atj
ointB:
W =77xπ( 1.
8)2
(0.
45) ∑FH =0FBC cos30°=19. 2+18.
915cos30°
4 FBC =41.
085kN
W =8.817kN
St
ressi
nmemberBC,
f
085x103
41.
∑MA =0 BC =

2RB (
1.35)=1150(
0.45)+8.
817(
0.9) 6(
76)
RB =194.61kN=RC
St
ressi
nmemberBC,
fBC =90.
1MPa→ Par
t2
Si
tuat
ion4
Si
tuat
ion5

W1=18(
12)
W1=216kN

θ=arctan(
3/6)
θ=26.565°

Fr
om t
hef
orcepol
ygon:

T=W1¬cscθ
T=216csc26.
565°
T=483kN

AV=Tsi
nθ=216kN

H=W1cotθ H=216cot26.
565°
H=432kN

Par
t3:
WhenT=360kN

θ=ar nW =ar
csi n2
csi 16=36.
87°
a=1.
5cot30° a=2.
598m T 360
|
∑MC =0| AH(3)+19.
2(1.
5)=30(2.
598) Sag=6t
anθ=4.
5m
AH =16.
38kN → Part1

Atj
ointA:
∑FH =0FAB cos30°=16. 38
FAB =18.
915kN
Si
tuat
ion6

Gi
ven:Out
sidediameter,Do=600mm 3000 1. 65x106(
140)
f=- ±
Thickness,t=8mm 61,
575.
2 301.718x106
Pressureinside,
pi=2.
2MPa f=-0.
1147±0.7656
I
nsi
dedi
amet
er,
D=Do–2t=584MPa Maxi
mum compr
essi
vest
ress,
fc=-0.
1147-0.
7656
Maxi
mum compr
essi
vest
ress,
fc=-
0.88MPa
Par
t1:
Maxi
mum t
ensi
lest
ress,
ft=-0.1147+0.
7656
σt=pD σt=2.2(584) Maxi
mum t
ensi
lest
ress,
ft=0.651MPa
2t 2(8)
Par
t3:
σt=80.3MPa
Shear
,V=H=450N
Par
t2:
Diamet
er,
D=280mm,
r=140mm
4Vf 4(
450)
σl=pD σl=2.2(584) Shearst
ress,
fv= v=

4t 4(8) 3πr 3π( 2

140)
σl=40.15MPa f
v=0.
0097MPa

Par
t3:Note:i
nthinwal
ledcyl
indr
ical
tanks,
tangent
ialst
resst
wiceascr
it
icalas Si
tuat
ion8
l
ongit
udi
nalstr
ess.

σtallow =124MPa

σt=pD 124=
p(
584)
2t 2(
8)
p=3.
397MPa

Si
tuat
ion7

A=π( 2
280) =61, 2mm2
575.
4
π
I= ( 2
280)=301.719x106mm4
64
Tot
alverti
call
oadatt
hebase:
Pt=P+γVol=3+22+π( 2
0.
28)(3)=7.
064kN
4
W =145(
3)+290(
3)=1305kN
Tot
almomentatbase:
M =HxL+Pxe=0.45(
3)+3(
0.1)=1.
65kN-
m Locat
ionofW:
Wx=145(
3)(
1.5)+290(
3)(
10.
5)
Par
ts1&2:Maxi
mum nor
mal
str
essatt
hebase:
x=7.
5m
Pt MC Fort
heuni
form pr
essur
eatt
hebot
tom oft
hebar
ge,
x=L/
2.
f=- ± ;c=D/2=140mm
A I L=2(7.5)
 L=15m → Par
t1
q=For
ce q=
2x112(
1.5)

Upwar
dpr
essur
e,q=W =1305=87kN/m L 7
q=48kN/
m
L 15
Par
t2:Maximum shear:
Shearatapoint3m f
rom t
heleftend(@B):
VB =VA +48(
1)=48kN
VB =q(
3)–w1(3) VB =87(3)-145(
3)
VC =VB –112(1.
5)+48(
1.5)=-
48kN
VB =-174kN→ Part2
Thus,Vmax=48kN
Poi
ntofzeroshear
:
Par
t3:Maximum moment :
q(x¬1)=w1(
3)87(
x1)=145(
3)
MG =48(
1.75)(
1.75/2)–112(0.
75)(
0.75/
2)=42kN-
m
x1=5m → Par
t3
MH =48(
3.5)(
3.5/2)–112(1.
5)(
1.75)=0
Si
tuat
ion9
Maxi
mum moment=MG =42kN-
m

Si
tuat
ion10

Shear=wxAr
eaundert
hei
nfl
uencedi
agr
am.

Fr
om thei
nfl
uencedi
agram,theuni
for
mloadmustbewi
thi
nABandCDt
opr
oduce
maxi
mum area.Thet
otall
engthi
s4+2=6m

Par
t1:

T =
2kN
85kg 128.
99kg
T=1.
318kN

St
ress,
ft=
T f
t=
1,
318
Ar π 2
(
10)
4
f
t=16.
78MPa

Par
t3:
Lengt
hofr 72 +0.
od=2 2. 92
Lengt
hofr
od=5.
692m

Si
tuat
ion12

Si
tuat
ion11

Thebeam i
sassumedhingedatB.
Thefor
ceinthest
ruti
sW.

θ=arctan(
0.9/
2.7)
θ=18.435°

∑FV =0
2Tsi
nθ=W
p=11MPa
Par
t1:T=2kN q=5MPa
W =2(
2)si
n18.
435° f
V =1MPa
W =1.
265kN=1265N
α=arct
an(
0.75/
1.2)
Mass,
M= W M= 1265 α=32°
g 9.81
Atj
ointC: nα=20
2Fsi
M =128.
99kg F=18.868kN
Par
t2: F
Axi
alst
ressonmemberAC= =1.
258MPa
M =85kg 100(
150)
Byrat
ioandpr
opor
ti
onf
rom t
hepr
evi
ousquest
ion:
nα=10kN
R1=Fsi R2=Fcosα=16kN
 Consi
der
ingR2: Pat
h2:
Tensi
on:
Onsur
faceab:θ=α=32° At=(63x3-2.
5x23)
(12)
2
At=1578mm
Fab=
pxq =8.
227MPa
AV =[
63x2+38
n2θ +qcos2θ
psi
–2.
5x23]
(12)
R2=f
abxAab 16,
000=8.
227xyx100 AV =1278mm2
y=19.
45mm
Ft=0.5Fu=200MPa
Shear
:Fv=1MPa FV =0.
3Fu=120MPa
R2=Fv+Av 16,
000=1x(
100x)
x=160mm P=FtxAt+FV xAV P=
200(
1578)+120(
1278)
Si
tuat
ion13 P=468.96kN

Par
t1:Tensi
onongrossarea: Si
tuat
ion14
Ag=252(12)=3024mm2
Par
t1:Momentatf
ixedend:
All
owabl
etensi
lest
ress,Ft=0.
6Fy=0.
6(248)=148.
8MPa
2
P=FtxA P=148.
8(3024) MA =-wL
2
MA =-
20(
6)
P=450kN 12 12
MA =-
60kN-
m
Par
t2:Tensi
ononnetar ea.
All
owabletensi
lestr
ess,
Ft=0.5Fu=200MPa Par
t2:Maxi
mum shear
:
Netarea,
An=( 252–3x23) 12)=2196mm2
(
Vmax¬=RA Vmax=wL
P=FtxAn P=200(2196)
P=439.
2kN
2
Vmax=
20(6)=60kN
Par
t3:Bl
ockshear
:
2
Pat
h1:
Par
t3:Mi
dspandef
lect
ion:
Tensi
on:
At=(63x2-2x23)
(12) 4
δmid = 20( 6)
(1000)
4

At=960mm2
δmid = wL
384EI 200,
000(67.5x106)
AV =2[63x2+38
–2.5x23]
(12) δmid =5mm
AV =2556mm2
Si
tuat
ion15
Ft=0.5Fu=200MPa
FV =0.
3Fu=120MPa Tot
all
oad:

w=20+
70(
9.81)=20.
834kN/
m
P=FtxAt+FV xAV P=
200(
960)+120(
2556)
1000
P=498.72kN

2
Maxi
mum moment
,Mmax=MA =MB =-wL 168x103(
104. 875x103)
709.
12 7x106(
274. 10)
2 f
vmax=26.
92MPa
Mmax=-
834(
20. 10)
12 Si
tuat
ion16

Mmax=-
173.
613kN-
m
Cc= 2π2E= 2π2(
200,000)
Maxi
mum shear
,Vmax=RA =RB Fy 248
Cc=126.
17
Vmax=wL
Pr
oper
ti
esofbuil
t-
upsecti
on:
2
A=11,550+2x( 350)
(12)
Vmax=104.
168kN A=19,950mm 2

Par
t1:Maxi
mum bendi
ngst
ress: 3
I
x=266x106+2x12(350)
MC 12
f
bmax= f
bmax=

I I
x=3 75x106mm4
51.
x
450 r
x=
I
x
=132.
784mm
613x106( )
173.
2 A
7x106
274. 350( 3
12) 250 122
I
y=4 54x106+2[
4. +(
350)
(12)
( + ) ]
f
bmax=142.
2MPa 12 2 2
6 4
I
y=188.
79x10 mm
Par
t2:Aver
ageshear
ingst
ress: I
y
r
y= =97.
28mm
V 168x103
104.
f
vave= f
vave= A
dtw 450(
10)
f
vave=23.
15MPa KXLX 0.
5(10,000)=37.
LRx= = 66 → Par
t1
rx 132.784
Par
t3:Maxi
mum shear
ingst
ress:
VQ KL 0.
LRy= y y=
7(5,
000)=35.98 → Par
t2
f
vmax=

I
xt
ry 97.28
Q=∑Ay mum KL=37.
Maxi 66<Ccshor
tcol
umn
Q=150(
15)
(210+7.
5)+ r
210(
10)
(105)
875x103mm3
Q=709. KL
α= r α= 37.66
t=10m
Cc 126. 17
f
vmax= α=0.2984
 5 3 α3 Bendi
ngst
ress:
FS= + α- FS=1.
775
3 8 8 250
70x106( )
α2 Fy Mxc 2
( )
Fa= 1-
2 FS
Fa=133.
476MPa
f
b=

I
x
f
b=

2x106
76.
f
b=114.
83MPa
P=FaxA P=133.
476(
19,
950)
P=2662.
8kN → Par
t3 Par
t3:Cr
it
icalsl
ender
nessr
ati
o

Si
tuat
ion17 1(
4000)
A=2A1
(KrL)= 91.407=43.76
x
1(4000)
(KrL)= 74.48 =54.44← Critical
A=2(
4560)
120mm2
A=9, y

I
x=2I
x1
Si
tuat
ion18
Ix=2( 1x106)
38.
Ix=76.2x106
2
I
y=2(
Iy1+Ax 1)

91x106+4560( 2
Iy=2[2. 69)]
Iy=49.24x106mm4

r
x=
I
x
r
x=

A
6
2x10 =91.
76. 41mm
9,
120

r
I
y 24x106=73.
49.
y= r
y= 48mm
A 9,
120
Momentofi
ner
ti
aoft
he
Par
t1: beam wi
thcoverpl
ate:
Axi
all
oad=900kN
Axi
alcompr
essi
vest
ress: 3
260(
16) 2
I
x=2662x106+2x[ +260(
16)
(433)
f P 900,
000 12
a= f
a= 6
I
x=4,
222x10
A 9,
120
f
a=98.
68MPa Par
t1:Bendi
ngst
ressduet
odeadl
oad
Par
t2:
wdL2 12( 2
25)
Momentaboutx-
asi
s,Mx=70kN-
m MD = MD =
8 8

MD =937.
5kN-
m ∑MR1=0 25R2=18(
20.
7)+72(
25)
R2=86.
904kN
f Mc 5x106(
937. 441)
b= f=
b
Maxi
mum shearincl
udi
ngi
mpact :
I
x 4,
222x10^
6 Vmax=86.
904x(1+Impactfactor)
c=441mm f
b=97.
925MPa Vmax=89.904(1+0.
2419)
Vmax=107.93kN
Par
t2:Bendi
ngstr
essduet
olivel
oadplusi
mpact
Maximum momenti
nthebeam duet
otwomovi
ngl
oads: 93x103
107.
f
vave=
V f
vave=
2
Mmax=
( Pd)
PL- dt
w 850(
15)
f
vave=8.
465MPa
4PL
P=tot
all
oad=90kN d=wheelbase=4.
3m Si
tuat
ion19
Ps=smal
lerl
oad=18kN L=beam l
engt
h=25m
Par
t1:
Load,
P=250kN
Mmax=
(
90(
25)-
18(
4.3)
)^2=524.
466kN-
m All
owabl
ebear
ingst
ressofconcr
ete,
Fp=0.
35f
’c=9.
625MPa
4(
90)
(25)
P=FpA 250,
000=0.
625xW x130
I
mpactf
act
or= 15 15 =0.
= 2419<0.
3(ok)
W =199.
8mm say200mm

L +37 25 +37 Par

t2:
Act
ualbear
ingpr
essur
e:
Maxi
mum momentwi thi
mpact:
M =Mmax(1+Impactf
actor
)
f
p=
P =
M =524.466(
1+0.2419)=651.
33kN-
m
130(
200)
6 9.
615MPa
f Mc 33x10(
651. 441)
bmax= f
bmax=

I
x 222x106
4, x=100–k=62MPa
c=441mm f
bmax=68MPa
t=
3fpx
2

Fb
Par
t3:Maxi
mum aver
ageshear
ingst
ress. 2
t=
3(
9.61)
(62)
Maxi
mum shearoccur
satt
her
eact
ionwher
etheheavi
estl
oadi
snear
est
.
0.
75(
248)
t=24.
4mm
Par
t3:Webyi
eldi
ngst
ressatt
oeoff
il
let(
endr
eact
ion)
:

f
a=
P f
a=
250,
000
(
N +2. t
5k)w [ 5(
130 +2. 38)
]10
f
a=111.
11MPa
 Si
tuat
ion20

Loads:
Dead
l
oad:
wd=beam wei ght+slabweight+deadloadpressur
e
wd=γcA b+γ cA c+pdxS

wd=23.5(0.
52) (
0.28)+23.
5(2.5)
(0.
11)+3(2.
5)
wd=17.384kN/ m → Part1

Li
vel
oad:
w1=pl¬xS w1=5.
2(2.
5)
w1=13kN/m → Par
t2

Par
t3:Fact
oredconcent
rat
edl
oadatE: Par
t1:ShearatBduet
oconcent
rat
edanduni
for
mloads:
Fact
oredload:
VB =RB1+RB2 VB =½(
5)(
7.5)+½(270+270)
wu=1.4wd+1. 7wl wu=1.
4(17.
384)+1.7(
13)
VB =288.
75kN
wu=46.438kN/m

Fact
oredconcent
rat
edl
oadatE:
Par
t2:Maxi
mum shearatEduet
oconcent
rat
edl
oad
RE=wu(6.
2) RE=46.
438(
6.2)
RE=287.
9kN I
nFi
gur
e( 2):
VE1=270kN
VE2=270–270=0
VEmax=270kN

Si
tuat
ion22

Gi
ven:P=1200kN L=2.
5m

M =360kN-
m Thi
cknessofconcr
ete,
hC =0.
7m
Si
tuat
ion21
B=3m Thi
cknessofsoi
l,
hS=1.
5m

Eccent
ri
cit
y,e=
M e=
360
P 1200
e=0.
3m <(
B/6=0.
5m)OK

Netf
oundat
ionpr
essur
e:

q=-
P ±
6M q=-
1200±6(
360)
B) LB2
L( 2.
5(3) 2.
5( 2
3)
q=-
256kPaand-
64kPa

Maxi
mum nefoundat
ionpr
essur
e=256kPa  Par
t1
Mi
nimum netf
oundat
ionpr
essur
e=64kPa  Par
t2

Par
t3:Grossal
lowablesoilpr
essur
e,qa: Assumi
ngf
s=f
y:
qe=qa-γchc-γshs
qe=ef
fect
ive(net
)soi
lbear
ingcapaci
ty=256kPa Asf
y=0.
85f
’cAc 2454(
415)=0.
86(
21)Ac
256=qa–23.5(
0.7)–18(1.
5) Ac=57,062mm2<Af
qa=299.
45kPa
Ac=bfxa 57,
602=1100xa
a=51.
9mm
Si
tuat
ion23

π
2
c=a/βf c=61mm <cbalance (
fs=f
y)
Topbar
,As1=3x (
25)=1473mm2
4 Mn=T(
d-a/
2) Mn=Asf
y(
d-a/2)
Mn=2454(415)
(520–51.
9/2)
Bot
tom bar
,As2=5x ( 2
25)
π
=2454mm2
Mn=503.2kN∙m

4 Par
t2:Negat
ivemoment

Fl
angear
ea,
Af=1100( 000mm2
120)=132,

Ef
fect
iveDept
h,d=590-
70=520mm

Bal
ance,
cbalance=
600d =307mm
600 +f
y
Assumi
ngf
s=f
yandf
’s<f
y:
β1=0.
85 si
ncef
’c<30MPa
T=Cc+C’
s
Par
t1:St
renghofbeam f
orposi
ti
vemomen,
negl
ect
ingt
opbar
.
As=2454mm2
Asf
y=0.
85f
’cab+A’
sf’
s

f
c-d'
s=600 a=β1c
c
 c-70 2 2
1473(
415)=0.
85(
21)
(0.
85c)
(340)+2454x600 wL
Mu= u
53.
738(
5)
c Mu¬=
c=80.
68mm <cbalance(
fs=f
y) 8 8

f
’=600
80.
68-70=79.
425MPa<f(
OK)
Mu=167.
93kN∙
m
s y

80.
68
a=β1c=68.
6mm Par
t2:

Mn=Cc(
d–a/2)+C’s(
d–d’ ) Mu=280kN∙
m
Mn=0.
85f’cab( d–a/ 2)+A’ sf
’s(
d–d’)
Mn=0.
85(21)(
68.6)(340)(520–68.6/
2)
+2454(79.425)(520–70)
Sol
vef
ort
heMumaxt
odet
ermi
newhet
hercompr
essi
onst
eeli
sneeded
Mn=289.
.88kN∙m

Par
t3:
Fact
oredshear
,Vu=220kN
ρb=
0.
85f
'cβ1600 ρb=
0.
85(
28)
(0.
85)
(600)
Nomi
nalshearst
rengt
h,
V 220=258.
Vn= u= 82kN y(
f600 +f
y) 415(
600 +415)
Φ 0.
85
ρb=0.
02881
Si
tuat
ion24

Gi
ven:b=300mm f
’c=28MPa
ρmax=0.
75ρb ρb=0.
02161
d=480–70=410mm β1=0.
85

f
y=415MPa ρmin=1.
4/f
y=0.
00337
ωmax=
ρmaxf
y
ωmax=0.
03203
Bardi
amet
er,
db=20mm
f
'c

Rumax=f
’cωmax(
1–0.
59ωmax)=7.
274
Wei
ghtofbeam,
wb=γcAb=23.
5(0.
3x0.
48)=3.
384kN/
m
Mumax=ΦRumaxbd2=330.
14kN∙
m

Par
t1:
Requi
redMu=280kN∙
m <Mumax (
singl
yrei
nfor
ced)
Fact
oredl
oad,
wu=1.
4(3.
384+18)+1.
7(14)

Fact
oredl
oad,
wu=53.
738kN/
m
Mu=ΦRumaxbd2 280x106=0. 2
90Ru(
300)
(410)

Ru=6.
169MPa
Maxi
mum f
act
oredmoment
:

[ ]
0.
85f
' 2Ru Mu2=ΦT2(
d–d’
) 79x106=0.
137. 90As2(
415)
(410-
70)
c
ρ=
1-1-
f
y 0.
85f
'c 085mm2
As2=1,

[ ]
ρ=
0.
85(
28) 2(
6.169)=0.
01755>ρmin
1-1- As=As1+As2 As=2,
658+1,
085
415 0.
85(
28)
743mm2
As=3,

As=ρbd As=0.
01755(
300)
(410)

As=2159mm2
πdb2N
As= 3,
743= (
π
2
20)N
4 4
As=
πdb2N 2159=
π(20)2N N=11.
9say12bar
s
4 4
N=6.
9say7bar
s
Si
tuat
ion25

Par
t1:

Geomet
ri
ccent
roi
d:
Par
t3:
A1=300( 000mm2
25)=75,
Par
t3:
x1=125mm
Pu=240kNatmi
dspan

Mua=167.
93kN∙
m (
From par
t1)
A2=180( 000mm2
350)=63,

x2=250+350/
2
PL
Mu= u +167.
93=467.
93kN∙
m >Mumax (
doubl
y) x2=425mm
4
Mu1=Mumax=330.
14kN∙
m
000mm2
A=A1+A2=138,
658mm2
As1=A¬smax=2,

̅
Ax=A1x1+A2x2
Mu2=Mu–Mu1=137.
79kN∙
m
 ̅ 75,
000(
125) +63,
000(
425) Cs1=As1f
y Cs1=6x ( 2
20)
π
(414)
x=
138,
000 4
xcs1=125mm Cs1=780.
37kN

̅
x=262mm

Cs2=As2f
y Cs1=4x ( 2
28)
π
(414)
4
Par
t2:Pl
ast
icCent
roi
d
xcs1=516mm Cs1=1019.
69kN
Theplasti
ccentr
oidofacolumncrosssect
ionisthepointthroughwhicht
her esul
tant
col
umnl oadmustpasst opr
oduceunif
orm st
rai
ninfai
lure.Itrepr
esent
shelocati
onof Resul
tantFor
ce,
C=Cc1+Cc2+Cs1+Cs2
hresul
tantfor
ceproducedbythest
eelandconcr
ete.
Resul
tantFor
ce,
C=5084.
46kN

Locat
ionofCf
rom x-axis:
̅
Cx=Cc1xc1+Cc2xc2+Cs1xcs1+Cs2xcs2
̅
x =
1785(
125) +1499.
4(425) +780.
37(
125) +1019.
69(
516)
5084.
46
̅
x=291.
9mm

Par
t3:

The eccent
ri
cit
yofa column l
oad i
st he
dist
ance fr
om t he l
oad to t
he plasti
c
centr
oidoft
hecolumn
Cc1=0.
85f
’cA1 Cc1=0.
85(
28)
(75,
000)

xc1=125mm Cc1=1785kN
Mu=Puxe

Cc2=0.
85f
’cA2 Cc1=0.
85(
28)
(63,
000)
Mu=3200x0.
11
xc2=425mm Cc1=1499.
4kN
Mu=352kN∙
m

Si
tuat
ion26 Vs=375kN

bw =450mm f
y=415MPa

h=600mm Al
lowabl
eshearst
ressofconcr
ete,
Fvc=0.
816MPa Vn=Vc+Vs Vn=196.
64+375

f
’c=21MPa Vn=571.
64kN

Reduct
ionf
act
or,
Φ=0.
85 Vu=ΦVn Vu=0.
85(
571.
64)

Vu=485.
89kN

Par
t2:

s=230mm

Av=3x (
π2
12) 29mm2
=339.
4

Vs=
Avf
yd
Vs=
339.
29(
415)
(535.
5)
s 230
Vs=327.
83kN

Vn=Vc+Vs Vn=196.
64+327.
83

Vn=524.
47kN

Vu=ΦVn Vu=0.
85(
524.
47)

Ef
fect
ivedept
h,d=600–40–12–0.
5(25) Vu=445.
8kN

Ef
fect
ivedept
h,d=535.
5mm

Par
t3:

Shearst
rengt
hpr
ovi
dedbyconcr
ete,
Vc=Fvcbw d Vu=450kN

Shearst
rengt
hpr
ovi
dedbyconcr
ete,
Vc=0.
816(
450)
(535.
5)

Shearst
rengt
hpr
ovi
dedbyconcr
ete,
Vc=196.
64kN V
Vs= u–Vc Vs=
450–196.
64
Φ 0.
85
Par
t1: Vs=332.
78kN
 c) 100+
350-hx

s=
Avf
yd
s=
339.
29(
415)
(535.
5) 3
Vs 332.
78 hx=½(600–2x40)–½(
12)+½(
25)+½(
12)
hx=272.
5mm
s=226.
6mm
100+
350-hx=126mm
3
Requi
rement
sforSei
smi
cDesi
gn: Ther
efor
e,uses=112.
5mm

Ach=(
600-
2x40)
( 400mm2
450–2x40)=192, Si
tuat
ion27

000mm2
Ag=600x450=270,

Ash=3x (
π
2
12) 29mm2
=339.
4
hc=450–2(
40)–12=358mm

cA
( )
shcf' g
Ash=0.
3 -
1 339.
29=0.
3
fyh Ach

s(
358)
(21)270,
000
415 (192,400 )-
1
Thecompr
essi
vest
ressatt
het
opandbot
tom oft
hebeam duet
oPi
sgi
venbyt
hef
ormul
a:

s=155mm f
c=-
Pe ±6Pee (
+)f
ort
opf
iber
,(-
)forbot
tom f
iber
bh bh2
shcf
'c s(
358)
(21)
Ash=0.
09 339.
29=0.
09 Ef
fect
ivepr
est
ressi
ngf
orce,
Pe=P–15%P
f
yh 415 Ef
fect
ingpr
est
ressi
ngf
orce,Pe=0.
85(
1500)=1275kN

s=208mm Par
t1:
Whene=0;
Mi
nimum r
equi
rementaccor
dingt
oSect
ion5.
21.
4.4.
2:
f
P 1275x103
c= f
c=
a)b/
4=112.
5mm
bh 300(
600)
b)6(
25)=150mm f
c=-
7.08MPa

Par
t2:

f
P +6Pee 1275x103+ f
bot=-48.
604MPa → Par
t1
ctop=- f
ctop=-
St
ressatmi
dspanduet
oloads:
bh bh2 300(600)
Mc 36x106(
211. 90)
1275x103)
6( (
120) f
top=- f
top=-

2
I 1890x106
300(
600) f
top=-10.
065MPa
f
ctop=1.
417MPa

3 f Mc 36x106(
211. 270)
bot= f
bot=
P -6Pee 1275x10 -
f
cbot=- f
cbot=- I 1890x106
bh bh2 300(600) f
bot=30.
194MPa
1275x103)
6( (
120) Par
t2:St
ressatbott
om,f
iber
sduet
oservi
celoadsandprestr
ess:
2 Note:Ther
eisal
ossofpr
est
ressof20%atservi
celoads.
300(
600)
f
cbot=-
15.
583MPa f
bot=30.
194–48.609(
1–0.
20)
f
bot=-
8.689MPa
Par
t3:
Sincet
hestr
essatt
het
opi
szer
o,Pact
sath/
3fr
om t
hebot
tom oft
hebeam,
ore=h/
2
Par
t3:Addi
ti
onalser
vicel
oadst
o“zer
o”t
hest
ressatt
hebot
tom atmi
dspan
–h/3=h/6
e=600/
6 Theaddi
ti
onall
oadmusti
nduceast
ressof8.
689MPaatt
hebot
tom f
iber
s.
e=100mm

f
Mac M(
270)
bot= 8.
689=
Si
tuati
on28 I 1890x106
Loads:
M =60.
822kN-
m
wd=pdxb=2. 5(2.
5)=6.
25kN/m
M=
waL2 60.
822=
wa(
8)2

wl=plxb=6(2.25)=15kN/m
8 8
wb=γ cA=23.5x(220, 10002)=5.
000/ 17kN/
m w=7.
603kN/
m
Tot
alser
vicel
oad,
w=wd+wl+wb=26.
42kN/
m
pa= w pa= 7.
603
2
42(
26. 2
8) b 2.
5
Momentatmi M =wL =
dspan, =211.
36kN-
m
pa=3.
04kPa
8 8
Si
tuati
on29
St
ressduet
oini
ti
alpr
esses:
Deadload,PD =740kN
e=y2–y3=270-75=195mm
Li
veload,PL=460kN
P Pec 2( 000) (
750, 220,
00x195)
( 90) Fact
oredl
oad,
PU =1.
4PD +1.
7PL=1,
818kN
f
top=- + f
top=- +
A I 220,
000 1890x106
Fact
oredbasepr
essur
e,qU = Pu =
1,818 =315.
625kPa
f
top=7.
11MPa
Aftg 2.4(2.
4)
P Pec 2( 000) (
750, 220,
00x195)(270)
f
bot=- - f
bot=- + Ef
fect
ivedept
h,d=450-90=360mm
A I 220,
000 1890x106
Par
ts1&2:Fact
oredshearonf
oot
ing,
Vu: Ru=1.
421MPa

[ ]
'
ρ=085f
. c 2Ru
1-1- '
f
y 0.85fc

[ ]
ρ=
0.
85 (
20.7) 2(1.
421)
1-1-
275 0.85(
20.7)
ρ=0.
0054>(
ρmin=1.
4/f
y=0.
00509)

As=ρbd As=0.
0054(
2400)
(360)
As=4663mm2

N=
As N= 4663
Abar π 2
(
20)
4
N= 14.
8sa15bar
s
d=0.
36m

Wi
debeam shear
:
x=½( 2.
4–0.
35)–d=0.
665m Si
tuat
ion30 Si
tuat
ion31:

Vu=quxAr
ea Vu=315.
625x(2.
4)(
0.665) Answer
s: Answers:
Vu=503.
74kN → Par
t1 Part1:Hooke’
sLaw
Par
t1:St
ati
c
Punchi
ngshear: Par
t2:Poi
ssonRat
io
x1=0.4+d=0.
76m Par
t2:Resul
tant
x2=0.35+d=0.
71m Par
t3:Young’
sModul
us
Par
t3:Ki
net
ic
2
Vu=quxAr
ea Vu=315.
625x[2.
4 –0.
76(
0.71)
]
Vu=1647.
7kN → Par
t2

Par
t3:

x=½(
2.4-
0.35)=1.
025m

Mu=qu¬x2.4(
x)(
x/2)
2
Mu=315.625(2.
4)(
1.025)/2
Mu=397.924kN-m

Mu=φRubd2

Ru=
924x106
397.
2
90(
0. 2400)
(360)