svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Electrical Notes & Articles Sharing Abstracts Notes on various Electrical Engineering Topics, 11KV/415V Overhead Line Specification(REC) JUNE8, 2011108 COMMENTS (HTTPS//ELECTRICALNOTES WORDPRESS.COM/2011/06/08/11KV415V-OVERHEAD- LINE-SPECIFICATION-REC/¥COMMENTS) 11KV/415V over Head Line’s Specification and Installation (REC): 11KV LIGHTNING ARRESTER (IS: 3070 (Pt-ll)). Voltage Rating for LA: 1 The rated voltage of lightning, arresters shall be 9 KV (rms). = This will be applicable to the effectively earthed 11 KV systems co-efficient of earth not exceeding 80 percent as per IS: 4004 with all the transformer neutrals directly earthed. Normal Discharge Current Rating for LA: ‘= The nominal discharge current rating of the lightning arresters shall be 5 KA. Tests for LA: 1 The following routine and type tests as laid down in IS: 3070 (Part-I) shall be carried out, 1 Routine Test: Dry Power frequency spark over test, Type Tests (Confirmation) Voltage withstand tests of arrester insulation, Power frequency spark over test ‘Hundred percent 1.2/550 microsecond impulse spark over test Front-of-wave impulse spark over test. Residual voltage test Impulse current withstand test Operating duty test. Temperature cycle test on porcelain housing. Porosity test on porcelain components. Galvanizing test on metal parts ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 3svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles 11 KV DROP-OUT FUSE CUTOUTS: (IS: 9385 (part-I to III).) 1 The distribution fuse cutouts shall be outdoor, open, drop-out expulsion type fuse cutouts suitable for inst KV distribution system, 1 The rated voltage shall be 12 KV. 1 The rated current shall be 100 A. tion in 50 Hz, 11 Rated hting Impulse withstands Voltage for Fuse: ‘= To.earth and between poles 75 KV (Peak) 1 Across the isolating distance of fuse base 86 KV (Peak) Rated One Minute Power Frequency Withstand Voltage (Wet & Dry) for Fuse: 1» To earth and between poles 28 KV (ms) 1 Across the isolating distance 32 KV (rms) Temperature Rise Limit for Fuse: 1 Copper contacts silver faced 650 = Terminals 500C 1 Metal parts acting as spring The temperature shall not reach such a value that Elasticity of the metal is changed. Rated Breaking Capacity for Fuse: 1 The rated breaking capacity shall be 8 KA (Asymmetrical) Construction Details for Fuse: 1» The cutouts shall be of single vent type (downward) having a front connected fuse carrier suitable for angle mounting, All ferrous parts shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance with the latest version of IS : 2632. Nuts and bolts shall conform to IS 11364, Spring washers shall be clectro-galvanized. Fuse Base Top Assembly: 1 The top current carrying parts shall be made of a highly conductive copper alloy and the contact portion shall be silver plated for corrosion resistance and efficient current flow. 1 The contact shall have a socket cavity for latching and holding firmly the fuse carrier until the fault interruption is completed within the fuse, 1 The top assembly shall have an aluminum alloy terminal connector. The top assembly shall be robust enough to absorb bulk of the forces during the fuse carrier closing and opening operations and shall not over-stress the spring contact, It shall also prohibit, accidental opening of the fuse carrier due to vibrations or impact. ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 2svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Fuse Base Bottom Assembly: 1 The conducting parts shall be made of high strength highly conductive copper alloy and the contact portion shall be silver plated for corrosion resistance and shall provide a low resistance current path from the bottom fuse carrier contacts to the bottom, terminal connector. Fuse Carrier Top Assembly: 1 The fuse cartier top contact shall have a solid replaceable cap made from highly conductive, anticorrosive copper alloy and t contact portion shall be silver plated to provide a low resistance current path from the Fuse Base Top Contact to the Fuse Link. ' It shall make a firm contact with the button head of the fuse link and shall provide a protective enclosure to the fuse link to check spreading of arc during fault interruptions. 1 The fuse cartier shall be provided with a cast bronze opening eye (pull ring) suitable for operation with a hook stick from the {ground level to pull-out or close-in the fuse carrier by manual operation, Fuse Carrier Bottom Assembly: 1 The fuse carrier bottom assembly shall be made of bronze castings with silver plating at the contact points to efficiently transfer current to fuse base. 1 It shall make smooth contact with the fuse base bottom assembly during closing operation. The bottom assembly shall have a lifting eye for the hook stick for removing or replacing the fuse cartier. Fuse Base (Porcelain): 1 The fuse base shall be a bird-proof, single unit porcelain insulator with a ereepage distance (to earth) not less than 320 mm, The top and bottom assemblies as also the midclle clamping hardware shall be either embedded in the porcelain insulator with sulphur cement or suitably clamped in position, = For embedded components, the pull out strength should be such as to result in breaking of the porcelain before pull out occurs in a test. For porcelain insulators, the beam strength shall not be less than 1000 kg. Fuse Tubs 1 The fuse tube shall be made of fiber glass coated with ultraviolet inhibitor on the outer surface and having arc quenching bone fire liner inside. ‘= The tube shall have high bursting strength to sustain high pressure of the gases during fault interruption, 1 The inside diameter of the fuse tube shall be 17.5 mm. The solid cap of the fuse carrier shall clamp the button head of the fuse link, closing the top end of the fuse and allowing only the downward venting during fault interruption. Type Tests (IS: 9385 Part | & Il) for Fus 1 Dielectric tests 1 Temperature rise test Mounting Arrangement for Fuse: ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! aKasvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles 1 The cutouts shall be provided with a suitable arrangement for mounting these on 74 X 40 mm or 100 X 80mm channel cross arm in such a way that the center line of the base is at an angle of 15 to 20 deg from the vertical and shall provide the necessary clearances from the support. = Mounting arrangement shall be made of high strength galvanized steel flat and shall be robust enough to sustain the various stresses encountered during all operating conditions of the cutout, 11 KV PORCELAIN INSULATORS: (IS: 731 and IS: 3188): ‘= The porcelain shall be sound, free form defects, through verified and smoothly glazed. Unless otherwise specified, the glaze shall be brown color. 1» The glaze shall cover all the porcelain parts of insulators except those areas which serve as support during firing are unglazed for the purpose of assembly, ‘= The design of insulators shall be such that stresses due to expansion and contraction in any pai deterioration, ‘= The porcelain shall not engage directly with hard metal. Cement used in construction of insulators shall not cause fracture by expansion or loosening by contraction and proper care shall be taken to locate the individual parts correctly during cementing. 1» The cement shall not give rise to chemical reaction with metal fittings and its thickness shall be as uniform as possible. + The insulators should preferably be manufactured in automatic temperature controlled kilns to obtain uniform baking for better electrical and mechanical properties. 1» Both pin and strain insulators shall conform to Type B of IS: 731. The strain insulators shall be of Tongue and Clevis type. a the insulator shall not lead to Test Voltage for Insulator: Highest System Voltage : 12 KV (rms) Visible Discharge Test: 9 KV (rms) Wet Power Frequency Withstand Test 35 KV (rms) Power Frequency Puncture Withstand Test (Pin Insulator) : 105 KV (rms) requency Puncture Withstand Test (Strain Insulator):1.3 times the actual dry flashover voltage of the insulator. 78 KV (rms) Power Impulse Voltage Withstand Test Failing Load for Insulator: 1 Mechanical Failing Load (For Pin Insulators only) : The insulators shall be suitable for a minimum failing load of 10 KN applied in transverse director, 1 Electro-Mechanical Failing Load (For Strain Insulators) : The insulators shall be suitable for a minimum failing load of 70 KN applied axially. Creepage Distance for Insulator: 1 Highest System Voltage: 12KV ‘= Heavily Polluted Atmosphere Pin Insulator: 320mm, 1 Heavily Polluted Atmosphere Strain Insulator: 400mm Tests: (As per IS: 731 ) for Insulator. 4, Visual examination 2. Verification of dimensions ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 44asvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles 3, Visible discharge test 4, Impulse Voltage withstand Test 5, Wet Power Frequency Voltage withstand Test 6, Temperature Cycle Test 7, Mechanical Failing Load Test 8. 24 hour Mechanical Strength Test for Strain Insulators 9, Puncture Test 10. Porosity Test 11, Galvanizing Test 12, Electro-Mechanical Failing Load Test Routine Tests for Insulator 1. Virtual examination 2. Mechanical routine test 3, Electrical routine test Acceptance Test for Insulator Verification of Dimensions Temperature Cycle Test Electro-Mechanical Failing Load Test Puncture Test Porosity Test Galvanizing Test Marking for Insulator: Name or trademark of manufacturer Month and year of manufacture Minimum failing load in KN ISI certificate mark, if any Markings on porcelain shall be printed and shall be supplied before firing. Pin Insulators: 1 The pins shall of single piece obtained preferably by the process of forging. 1 They shall not be made by joining, welding, shrink fiting or any other process using more than one piece material. The pins shall be of good finish, free from flaws and other defects. 1 The finish of the collar shall be such that sharp angle between the collar and the shank is avoided, Aluminum ferzous pins, nuts and washers, except those made of stainless steel, shall be galvanized, The threads of nuts and taped hole when cut ate galvanizing shall be well oiled or greased. Dimensions for Pin Insulator: 1 Pins shall be of small steel head type $1 ‘with minimum failing load of 10 KN, 5 Pas per IS : 2486 (Part-II) having stalk length of 165 mm and shank length of 150 mm ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 54svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Tests: (IS: 2486 (Part-I) for Pin Insulators (Checking of threads on heads Galvanizing test Visual examination test Mechanical test Galvanizing test Mechanical test Visual examination test Helically Formed Pin Insulator Ties: 1 Holically formed ties used for holding the conductor on the pin insulator shall be made of aluminum alloy or aluminized steel or Juminum clad steel wires and shall conform to the requirements of IS: 12048, The ties shall be suitable for pin insulator dimensions of Pt land conductor sizes specifi ‘= Elastomer pad for insulator shall be used with the insulator. to avoid abrasion of the conductor coming into direct contact wit Cross arm strap conforming to IS: 2486 (Pt. — Il). = Aluminum alloy die cast thimble-clevis for ataching to the tongue of strain, insulator on one end and for accommodating the loop of the helically formed dead-end fitting at the other end in its smooth internal contour, ‘= The thimble shall be suitable for all sizes of ACSR conductors as specified. The thimble clevis shall be attached to the insulator by a steel cutting pin used with a non-ferrous split pin of brass or stainless steel ' The thimble shall have clevis dimensions as per IS: 2486 (Pt 1). 1 Helically formed dead end grip having a prefabricated loop to fit into the grooved contour of the thimble on one end and for application over the conductor at the other end. 1 The formed fiting shall conform to the requirement of IS: 12048, Fittings for strain Insulators of Ball & Socket Type: 1 Cross arm strap conforming to I: 2486 (PID, 1 Forged steel ball eye for attaching the socket end of the strain insulator to the cross arm strap. 1 Forgings shall be made of steel as per IS: 2004. Aluminum alloy thimble-socket made out of permanent mould cast, high strength aluminum alloy for attaching to the strain insulator on one end. and for accommodating the loop of the helically formed dead-end fittings at the other end in its smooth internal contour, 1 The thimble socket shall be attached to the strain insulator with the help of locking pin as per the dimensions given in IS: 2486 wep, Tests = The helically formed fittings for strain insulators shall be subjected to tests as per IS: 12048. 1 The other hardware fittings shall be tested as per IS: 2486 (Part-, Fittings for strain Insulators with Helically Formed Conductors Dead- End Grip: ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 4asvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Fittings for Strain Insulators of Tongue & Clevis Type 1 The fittings shall consist of the following components: 1, Cross arm strap conforming to 152486 (PLL))-1989, 2. Aluminum alloy die cast thimble-clevis for attaching to the tongue of strain insulator on one end and for accommodating, the loop of the helically formed dead-end fitting at the other end in its smooth internal contour. The thimble shall be suitable for all, sizes of conductors ranging from 7/2.11mm to 7/3.35mm ACSR. The thimble clevis shal be attached tothe insulator by a steel cotter pin used with a non-ferrous split pin of brass or stainless steel. The thimble shall have clevis dimensions as per IS:2486 (Pea)-1989, 3, Helicaly formed dead-end grip having a pre-fabricated loop to fit into the grooved contour of the thimble on one end and for application over the conductor at the other end, The formed fitting shall conform to the requirement of15:12048-1987. 1 Note: As the helically formed fittings are made to suit specific sizes of conductors, the purchase should clearly specify the number of fittings required for each size of conductor Fittings for strain Insulators with Conventional Dead end Clamps Alternative to Fitting Covered: 1 Fittings for strain insulators with conventional dead-end clamps for use with tongue & clevis or ball & socket type insulators shall consist of the following components 1. Cross arms strap conforming to 1:2486 (PLID-1989 Dead-end clamp made of aluminum alloy to suit ACSR conductors from 7/2.11mm to 7/3.35mm. The ultimate strength of the clamp shall not be less than 3000 Kg, The shape and major dimensions of clamps suitable for B&S and T&C insulators are shown in figures 7 & 8 respectively GUY STRAIN INSULATORS: (IS: 5300) ‘= The porcelain insulator shall be sound, free from defects, thoroughly verified and smoothly glazed. 1 The design of the insulator shall be such that the stresses to expansion and contraction in any part of the insulator shall no to its deterioration, 1 The glaze, unless otherwise speci ‘= The glaze shall cover the entire porcelain surface parts except those areas that serve as supports during fring, , shall be brown in color. Type for Guy Insulators: ‘The standard guy strain insulators shall be designations ‘A’ and °C’ as per IS: 5300. The recommended type of guy strain insulators for use on guy wizes of overhead lines of different voltage levels are as follows: Power Line Voltage :11KV Designation of Insulators: C Dry one minute Power Frequency withstand Voltage: 27 KV (rms) Wet one minute Power Frequency withstand Voltage: 13 KV (rms) Minimum Failing Load: 88(KN) Tests: (IS: 5300) for Guy Insulators. 4. Visual examination 2. Verification of dimensions ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 78svsara01s ‘1Kvi418V Overhead Line Spocfcater(REC) | Electrical Notes & Aviles 3, Temperature cycle test 4, Dry one-minute power frequency voltage withstand test 5, Wet one-minute power frequency voltage withstand test 6, Mechanical strength test 7, Porosity test 8. Acceptance Tests: (to be conducted in the following order) 9. Verification of dimensions 10. Temperature cycle test 11, Mechanical strength test 12, Porosity test Marking for Guy Insulators: 1 Name or trademark of the manufacturer. 1 Year of manufacture. 1 [Slcertificate mark, ifany = Marking on porcelain shall be applied before firing, Type of Insulators for Guy Insulators: 1 The standard guy strain insulators shall be of designations ‘A’ and ‘C’ as per 1S:5300. 1 The recommended type of guy strain insulators for use on guy wires of overhead lines of different voltage levels are as follows. Line Voltage | Designation of Insulator ‘a15/2a0vele | A Type TIKV CType ‘3aKV C Type (2 No’s of Strings in Series) Basic Insulator Level for Guy Insulators: Designation of Dry one min power] Wet one min power Insulator frequency withstand | frequency withstand ‘A Type 18 KV (rms) KV (ems) CType 27 KV (rms) IS KV (rms) Mechanical Strength for Guy Insulators: The insulators shall be suitable for the minimum failing loads specified as under: Designation of Insulator | Minimum Failing Load Allype 44KN Ciype 88KN Routine Test as per Tests (IS: 5300) for Guy Insulators: hip:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 0681 kv415v-overheadine-spocieation rec! aasvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Visual examination erification of dimensions Temperature cycle test Dry one-minute powver-frequency voltage withstand test Wet one-minute power frequency voltage withstand test Mechanical strength test Porosity test Acceptance Tests (to be conducted in the following order): Verification of dimensions Temperature cycle test Mechanical strength test Porosity test DANGER NOTICE PLATES: 1 As per provisions of IE Rules 1956, Danger Notice Plates in Hindi or English and, in addition, in the local language with the sign of skull and bones are required to be provided on power line supports and other installations. 1 Itis further stipulated in the LE. Rules that such Notice Plates are not required to be provided on supports like PCC, tubular, ‘wood, steel rails, ete. which cannot be climbed easily without the aid of ladder or special appliances, ‘= To adopt a uniform pattern and for helping easy procurement, a specification on Danger Notice Plates has been drawn up. Standards of Danger Plate 1 The Danger Notice Plates shall comply with IS:2551-1982 Dimensions of Danger Plate 1 Two sizes of Danger Notice Plates as follows are recommended! 1, For display at 415 V installations - 200x150mm 2. For display at 11 KV (or higher voltages) installations ~ 250x200mm, 1 The comers ofthe plate shall be rounded of. 1 The Location of fixing holes as shown in Figs. 1 to 4 is provisional and can be modified to suit the requirements of the purchaser. Lettering of Danger Plate 1 All letterings shall be centrally spaced. The dimensions of the letters, figures and their respective position shall be as shown in figs. 1 The size of letters in the words in each language and spacing between them shall be so chosen that these are uniformly written in the space earmarked for them. Languages of Danger Plate = Under Rule No. 35 of Indian Electricity Rules, ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheatine-spocticaion-rec! 94a the owner of every medium, high and extra high voltage installation is,svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles required to affix permanently in a conspicuous position a danger notice in Hindi or Englis language, with the sign of skull and bones. 1 The type and size of lettering to be done in Hindi is indicated in the specimen danger notice plates shown in Fig. 2 and 4 and those in English are shown in Figs. 1 Adequate space has been provided in the specimen danger notice plates for having the letterings in local language for the equivalent of Danger’, 41511000" and “Volts and, in addition, in the local Material & ishing of Danger Plate: ‘= The plate shall be made from mild steel sheet of at least 1.6mm thick and vitreous enameled white, with leters, figures and the conventional skull and cross-bones in signal red color (refer IS5-1978) on the front side. The rear side of the plate shall also be enameled. Tests of Danger Plate: The following tests shall be carried out 1, Visual examination as per 1S:2551-1982 2. Dimensional cheek as per 15:2551-1982 3. Test for weather proofness as per 1S:8709-1977 (or its latest version) ACSR and AAC over head conductors: ‘A Conference on Standardization of Specifications and Construction Practices in Rural Electrification was held on th and 5th January, 1971 in New Delhi. Besides the Rural Electrification Corporation, representatives of various State Electricity Boards, the Indian Standards Institution (BIS), Central Water & Power Commission (CEA),Central Board of Irrigation and Power and many other organizations participated in the discussions, '= Based on the consensus arrived at the Conference, REC Specification No. 1/1971 covering 7/2.21 mm (25 mm2 aluminum area) and 7/3.10mm (50mm2 aluminum area) AAC for use on LT lines and 7/2.59 mm (30mm2 alurninum area) and 7/3.35mm (S0mm2 Juminum area) ACSR for use on 11 KV and LT lines was issued, 1 Subsequently, the Specification was revised to incorporate an additional size of ACSR viz. 7/2-1tmm (20mm2 aluminum area) for use on 11 KV and LT lines and then again to incorporate three more sizes of ACSR via. 7/3.35mm (50mm? aluminum area), 27/4.09mm (80mm2 aluminum area) and 6/4.72mm + 7/1.57 mm (100mm? aluminum area) for use on 33 KV lines. 1 The sizes of conductors standardized for lines of different voltages are indicated below ACSR Conductor for 33KV Lines : 1. ACSR 7/8.35mm (S0mm2 aluminum area) 2. ACSR7/4.09 mm (80mm? aluminum area) 3. ACSR 6/4.72 mmm +7/1.57 mm (100mm? aluminum area) ACSR Conductor for11 KV Lines 1. ACSR7/2.11 mm 20mm? aluminum area) 2. ACSR 7/2.59 mm (30mm2 aluminum area) 3. ACSR 7/3.35 mm (50mm? aluminum area) ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 1043svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles ACSR Conductor for LT Lines ACSR 7/2.11 mm 20mm? aluminum area) ACSR 7/2.59 mm (30mm? aluminum area) ACSR 7/3.35 mm (S0mm2 aluminum area) AAC 7/2.21 mm (25mm? aluminum area) AAC 73.10 mm (S0mm2 aluminums area) Standards for ACSR Conductor : 1S: 398 (PLI)-1976 and IS: 398 (PLLl)-1976. Joint in Wires & Conductors: = Allaluminums conductors: No joints shall be permitted in any wire. = Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced Aluminum Wires for ACSR Conductor: 1 No two joints shall occur in the aluminums wires closer together than 15 meters Steel Wires for ACSR Conductor : 1 No joints shall be permitted in steel wires used for ACSR of Sizes 20mm? aluminums area (7/2:11mm), 30mm2 aluminums area (7/2.59mm), S0mm2 aluminums area (7/3.35mm) and 80mm? aluminums area (7/4.09 mm). 1 In the case of ACSR of 100mm2 aluminums area (6/4.72mm +7/1.57 mm) having seven galvanized steel wires, joints, in individual wires shall be permitted but no two such joints shall be less than 15 meters apart in the complete steel core, Tests for ACSR Conductor: ‘= The samples of individual wires forthe tests shall normally be taken before stranding. The manufacturer shall carry out test on samples taken out at least from 10% of aluminums wire spools and 10% of steel wire coils. However, when desired by the purchaser, the test sample may be taken from the stranded wires. ‘= The wires used for all aluminums conductors shall comply with the following tests as per 1S:398(P'.1}-1976, 1. Breaking load test Wrapping test 3. Resistance test 1 The wires used for aluminums conductors, steel reinforced shall comply with the following tests as p 398 Breaking load test Ductilty test Wrapping test Resistance test Galvanizing test ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 143tora ‘1K v#415V Overhead Line Specification REC) |Electical Notes & Articles Packing & Marking :(IS: 1778-1980) 1 The gross mass for various conductors shall not exceed by more than 10% of the values given in the following Conductor Size Gross Mass for ACSR Conductor (1) AAG ‘= 25mm2 Al. area (7/221 mm) 500 Kg, ‘= 50mm2 Al. area (7/3.10 mm) 500 Kg, (2)ACSR 20mm? Al area (7/2-11 mm) 1000 Kg, 30mm? Al. area (7/2.59 mm) 1000 Kg, 50mm? Al. area (7/8.35 mm) 1500 Kg, 80mm? Al. area (7/4.09 mm) 1500 Kg, 100mm? Al area (6/4.72mm + 7/1.57mm) 2000 Kg. Conductor Size Normal conductor length for ACSR Conductor 1. AAC = 25mm2 Al. area (7/221mm) 10 Km, 1 50mm2 Al. area (7/3.10mm) 1.0 Km. 1 ACSR 20mm? Al, area (7/2.11 mm) 2.0 Km, 30mm? Al. area (7/259 mm) 2.0 Kn. 50mm? Al, area (7/3.35 mm) 2.0 Kn. 80mm? Al. area (7/4,09 mm) 1.5 Km. 100mm? Al. area (6/4.72mm + 7} Longer lengths shall be acceptable Short lengths, not less than 50% of the standard lengths, shall be acceptable to the maximum extent of 10% of the quantity ordered. Marking for ACSR Conductor: ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 23svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles 1» The following information shall be marked on each package: Manufacturers’ name Trade mark, if any Drum o identification number Size of conductor Number and lengths of conductor Gross mass of the package Net mass of conductor 15. certification mark, if any Pre stressed Cement Concrete Poles(FOS 2.5) For 11KV & LT Lines: 1 Arresearch project for evolving economical designs of cement concrete poles for use on 11 KV and LT Lines was entrusted to the Cement Research Institute (CRI) of India, 1 The basic design parameters for these poles as given in Clause 6 of this Specification were approved by the Fifth Conference on standardization of Specifications and Construction Practices in Rural Electrification held in May, 1974. 1 Some of these design parameters which were based on certain foreign codes/practices and certain other provisions Specification, although at variance with the stipulations of 1S:1678 - 1960, had been adopted to achieve economy in the designs. However, these modifications have since been incorporated in the revised IS:1678 ~ 1978, 1 This Specification covers PCC poles with an overall length of 75 M, 8.0 M and 9.0 M suitable for use in overhead 11 KV and L.T power lines and double pole structures for 11/0.4 KV substations. Application Standard for PCC Pole: 1 1S: 1678-1978, Specification for pre stressed concrete poles for overhead power, traction and telecommunication lines. 1 IS: 2905-1966. Methods of test for concrete poles for over-head power and telecommunication lines. 1 1S: 7321-1974, Code of practice for selection, handling and erection of concrete poles for over-head power and telecommunication Tines. Average Permanent Load for PCC Pole: 1 That fraction of the working load which may be considered of long duration over a period of one year. Load Factor for PCC Pole: 1 The ratio of ultimate transverse load to the transverse load at frst crack, Transverse for PCC Pole: 1 The direction of the ine bisecting th sormal to the run of the line, angle contained by the conductor atthe pole. In the case of a straight run, this will be Transverse Load at First Crack for PCC Pole: ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 1043svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles 1 For design, the transverse load at first crack shall be taken as not less than the value of the working load Working load for PCC Pole: ‘= The maximum load in the transverse direction, that is ever likely to occur, including the wind pressure on the pole. 1 This load is assumed to act at a point 600 mm below the top with the but end of the pole planted to the required depth as, intended in the design. Ultimate Failure for PCC Pol ‘= The conditions existing when the pole ceases to sustain a load increment owing to either crushing of concrete, or snapping of the pre stressing tend on or permanent stretching of the steel in any part of the pole. Ultimate Transverse Load for PCC Pole: 1 The load at which failure occurs, when its applied at a point 600 mm below the top and perpendicular to the axis of the pole along the transverse direction with the butt end of the pole planted to the required depth as intencled in the design. Application for PCC Pole: 7.5 M and 8.0 M Poles ‘= These poles shall be used at tangent locations for 1IKV and L.7. lines in wind pressure zones of 50 kg/M2, 75 Kg/M2 and 100 Kg/M2 in accordance with REC Construction Standards referred to in the following: Pole length: 7.5M = TIKV Lines without earth wire L.T. lines, horizontal formation. 1 Reference to REC Construction Standards: A-4, BS Pole length: 8M 1 TIKV Lines with earth wire LT. lines, vertical formation 1 Reference to REC Construction Standards: A-5, B6 9.0 M Poles 1 These poles shall be used for double pole structures of distribution transformer centers as per REC Construction Standards F-1 to Fl and for special locations in 11 KV and L.T. Lines, such as road crossings etc ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 9ssvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Materials for PCC Pole: (1) Cement 1» The cement used in the manufacture of pre stressed concrete poles shall be ordinary or rapid hardening port and cement conforming to IS: 269 ~ 1976 (Specification for ordinary and low heat port land cement) or IS: 8041 E-1978 (Specification for rapid. hardening port land cement) 2) Aggregates 1 Aggregates used for the manufacture of pre-stressed concrete poles shall conform to IS : 383 ~ 1970 (Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete). The nominal maximum size of aggregates shall in no case exceed 12mm. @) Water 1 Water should be free from chlorides, sulphates, other salts and organic matter. Potable water will be generally suitable. = Admixtures should not contain Calcium Chloride or other chlorides and salts which are likely to promote corrosion of pre- stressing steel. 6) Pre-stressing Steel 1 The pre-stressng stool wires, including those used as un tensioned wires should conform to 18: 1785 (Pat) - 1966 (Specification for plain hard drawn stee! wire for prestressed concrete, Part-I cold drawn stress relieved wire), IS: 1785 (Part-I) ~ 1967 (Specification for plain hard-drawa steel wire), or 1S: 6003 ~ 1970 (Specification for indented wire for prestressed concrete). 1 The type designs given in Annexure:] are for plain wires of 4 mm diameter with a guaranteed ultimate strength of 175 Kp/mm2 (6) The concrete mix: + tshall be designed to the requirements laid down for controlled concrete (also called design mix concrete) in IS : 1343 - 1980 (Code of practice for pre stressed concrete) and IS : 456 ~ 1978 (Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete), subject to the following special conditions; Minimum works cube strength at 28 days should be at least 420 Kg/cm2. The concrete strength at transfer should be at east 210Kg/em2. ‘The mix should contain at least 380 Kg. of cement per cubic meter of concrete. The mix should contain as low a water content as is consistent with adequate workability. If t becomes necessary to add water to increase the workability, the cement content also should be raised in such a way that the original value of water cement ratio is maintained, Design Requirements for PCC Pole:: ‘= The poles shall be planted directly in the ground with a planting depth of 1.5 meters. ‘The working load on the poles should correspond to those that are likely to come on the pole during their service life. Designs given in Annexure-I are for 140 Kg, and 200 Kg, Applied at 0.46 M from top. The factor of safety for all these poles shall not be less than 2.5. The average permanent load should be 40% of the working load, The F.OS. against first crack load shall be 1.0. At average permanent load, permissible tensile stress in concrete shall be 30 Kg/cm2. At the design value of first crack load, the modulus of rupture shall not exceed 55.2 kg/em? for M-420 concrete The ultimate moment capacity in the longitudinal direction should be atleast one fourth of that in the transverse direction, ‘The maximum compressive stress in conerete at the time of transfer of pre stress should not exceed 0. times the cube strength. The concrete strength at transfer shall not be less than half the 28 days strength ensured in the design, ic. 420 x 0.5- 210 Kgiem2 For model check calculations on the design of poles, referred to in Annexure-I, a reference may be made to the REC "Manual on Manufacturing of solid PCC ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 1943svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Dimensions and Reinforcements for PCC Pole: 1» The cross-sectional dimensions and the details of pre stressing wire should conform to the particulars given in Annexure-I 1» The provisions of holes for fixing cross-arms and other fixtures should conform to the REC standards referred to in clause 4 of this specification and in aceordance with the construction practices adopted by the State Electricity Boards, Manufacture for PCC Pole: ‘All pre stressing wires and reinforcements shall be accurately fixed as shown in the drawings and maintained in position during. manufacture. The un tensioned reinforcement, as indicated in the drawings, should be held in position by the use of stirrups Which should go round all the wires ' All wires shall be accurately stretched with uniform pre stress in each wire 1 Each wire or group of wires shall be anchored positively during casting, Care shall be taken to see that the anchorages do not yield before the concrete attains the necessary strength. Cover for PCC Pole: The cover of concrete measured from the outside of the pre stressing tendon shall be normally 20 mm. Welding & Lapping of Steel for PCC Pole: 1 The high tensile steel wire shall be continuous over the entize length of the tendon 1 Welding shall not be allowed in any case. However, jointing or coupling may be permitted provided the strength of the joint or coupling is not less than the strength of each individual wire. Compacting for PCC Pole: 1 Concrete shall be compacted by spinning, vibrating, shocking or other suitable mechanical means. Hand compaction shall not be permitted, Curing for PCC Pole: 1» The concrete shall be covered with a layer of sacking, canvas, hessian or similar absorbent material and kept constantly wet up to the time when the strength of concrete is atleast equal to the minimum strength of concrete at transfer of pre stress. Thereafter, the pole may be removed from the mould and watered at intervals to prevent surface cracking of the unit, the interval should depend on the atmospheric humidity and temperature. The pre stressing wires for PCC Pol * TItshall be de tensioned only after the concrete has attained the specified strength at transfer (ie. 210 Kg/cm2). The cubes cast for the purpose of determining the strength at transfer should be cured, as far as possible, under conditions similar to those under which the poles are cured. 1 The transfer stage shall be determined based on the daily tests carried out on concrete cubes till the specified strength indicated above is reached. Thereafter the test on concrete shall be carried out as detailed in IS: 1343 ~ 1960 (Code of practice for pre stressed concrete), ips:olectricanotes wordpress com/201 1/0608! Tkv415v-overheatine-spocicaionrec! 1843svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles ‘= The manufacturer shall supply when required by the purchaser or his representative, result of compressive test conducted in accordance with IS : 456 -1964 (Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete) on concrete cubes made from the concrete used for the poles. 1» Ifthe purchaser so desires, the manufacturer shall supply cubes for test purposes and such cubes shall be tested in accordance with IS: 456 ~ 1964 (Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete). 1 The de tensioning shall be done by slowly releasing the wires, without imparting shock or sudden load to the poles. The rate of de tensioning may be controlled by any suitable means either mechanical (screw type) or hydraulic, 1 The poles shall not be de tensioned or released by cutting the pre stressing wires using flames or bar croppers while the wires are still under tension, Separate eye-hooks or holes for PCC Pole: 1 It shall be provided for handling and transport, one each ata distance of 0.15 times the overall length, from either end of the pole. = Eye-hooks, if provided, should be properly anchored and should be on the face that has the shorter dimension of the cross- section. Holes, if provided for lifting purposes, should be perpendicular to the broad face of the pole. 1 Stacking should be done in such a manner that the broad side of the pole is vertical, Each tier in the stack should be supported on timber sleepers located at 0.15 times the overall length, measured from the end. The timber supports in the stack should be aligned in a vertical line, 1 Poles should be transported with their broad faces placed vertically and in such a manner that shocks are avoided. Supports should be so arranged that they are located approx. ata distance equal to 0.15 times the overall length from the ends. 1 The erection of the pole should be carried out in such a way that the erection loads are applied so as to cause moment with respect to the major axis, ie. the rope used for hoisting the pole should be parallel to the broader face of the pole. Testing of PCC Pole: Transverse Strength Test + Pole nade rom ordinary Poland cement shal be tested only onthe competion of 28 days and poles made from rapid hardening cement ony on the completion of 1é day afte the day of manufatare + The ple nay be tested ineites horizontal or vera! position I sted in horizontal position provisions shall be made to compensate forte overhanging weight of the poe for this purpose the ove hanging portion ofthe pole may be supported on & mmoveble oly or sila device +The pole shall be rigcly supported at he but end fra distance equal to the agred depth of planting ie. 1 Load salle applied ata point 600 mam rm the top of the poe ar shal be stay an gratually increased fo design vale of the transverse oad a fist crack. The deflection at his oad shal be measured s+ Apre suessed concete poe shall be dered not o have passed the ttf visible cracks appear aa stage prior othe application of the design tanverse oad forthe fist crack + Thelood shall then be reduced fo zero and inefeased gradually toa load equal tothe first rack load pls 1% of the minimum uitmate transverse load, and held ap for 2 mites, + This procedure shall be fepeated unl the load reaches the value of 80 per cent ofthe minimum ultimate transverse fad and thereafter increased by 5 per cent ofthe minimum ultimate transverse load unl ature occurs Each time he loa is applied it shallbe held for2 minutes + "The oad applied to pre stesse concrete pole at he point of itr shal be measure to the nears five Kilograms, 1 the ple shalle deemed no to have passed the testi the observed ultimate angverse ladies than the design ultimate transverse load Measurement of Pole Cover for PCC Pole: 1 After completion of the transverse strength test, the sample pole shall be taken and checked for cover. 1 The cover of the pole shall be measured at 3 points, one within 1.8 meters from the butt end of the pole, the second within 0.6 meter from the top and the third at an intermediate point and the mean value compared with the specified value. ‘= The mean value of the measured cover should not differ by more than()1 mm from the specified cover. The individual values ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 73svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles should not differ by more than (+) 3 mm from specified value, 1 these requirements are not met, the workmanship with reference to aligning of the end plates and pre stressing wires and assembly of moulds should be improved and inspection at pre-production stage tightened suitably. Marking for PCC Pole: ‘The pole shall be clearly and indelibly marked with the following particulars either during or after manufacture but before testing at a position so as to be easily read after erect Month and year of manufacture Transverse strength of pole in Kg. Maker's serial No, and mark Main Points should be look after for Overhead Line Installation: Overhead lines: 1 The general precautions during storage and handling of shall be taken in accordance with relevant IS code. While laying the conductor shall betaken from top of the drum and the repeated in the direction of arrow on it. Care shall be taken to avoid contact with steel works, fence, etc by giving soft wood protection, using wooden rollers. Proper tools shall be used during stringing work. During stringing operation standard sag table or chart shall be followed and care shall be taken to ensure that there are no kinks in the conductor. Joints in conductors shall be staggered. Mid span joints in conductors shall be avoided. After stringing the conductor, it shall be clamped permanently with shackle or strain clamps. An angle or section shall be selected while pulling up conductors. Jumpers: 1 While stringing, sufficient length shall of conductors be kept at shackle terminations for making jumpers. Jumpers shall be neat and as far as possible symmetrical to run of conductors. These shall be made to prevent occurrence of faults due to wind or birds. PG clamps may be preferred to binding of conductors at jumper location or service taps, Cross Arms : 1 The cross arms shall be made of MS Structural steel. The length of cross arms shall be suitable for accommodating the number of insulators on them with spacing of conductor. A gap of minimum 50 mm shall be left from the center of pin hale to end of cross arm on either side. The cross arm shall be complete with pole clamp made of MS flat of size not less than 50 x 6 mm with necessary nuts, bolts, washers, etc. The length of cross arm for carrying, guard wires shall always run not less than 300 min beyond outer most bare conductor of configuration. Cross arms shall be properly clamped to the support taking into consideration the orientation of lines. Porcelain insulators and fittings: ‘= The porcelain insulators shall be confirming to 1S 731 - 1971 for overhead lines. This shall be glazed, crack / burr free. 1 The insulator shall have adequate mechanical strength, high degree of resistance to electrical puncti and atmospheric attack. * Alliron parts shall be hot dip galvanized & all joints shall be airtight, Pin insulators shackle insulators / disc insulators shall be ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! and resistance to climatic 1043svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles erected on cross arms and ‘D’ iron clamp shall be used or as specified by Engineer-in-charge, Shackle insulators shall be used in conjunction with ‘D’ iron clamps when configuration of conductor is vertical 1» These shall also be erected on cross arm at intermediate support in case of long lines, deviation from straight lines. Care shall be taken that insulators are not damaged during erection Binding material: * Binding of conductor with the insulator shall be done with soft aluminum wire / conductor. The binding of insulator shall be sufficiently firm and tight to ensure that no intermittent contact develops. The end of binding wire shall be tightly twisted in close spaced spiral around the conductor to ensure good electrical contact and strengthen the conductor. Supports and spacing of poles: 1» Support of overhead line shall be of adequate strength confirming in all respects to rules 76 of Indian electricity rules. * Pole spacing and clearance between lowest conductor above the ground level across / along the street shall be in accordance with rule 85 of Indian electricity rules, Suitable foundation shall be provided for erection of poles: ‘= The foundation shall include excavation in all types of soil and rocks and back filling, RCC, reinforcement, formwork, 1» Excavation for foundations for poles / stay / strut After the location of supports / stay are pegged accurately, the excavation ‘work shall be taken up and care should be taken while excavating that pits are not oversized. 1 The pit should be excavated in the direction of the line. The depth and size of pit shall be such that normally 1/6th of the length of pole is buried in the ground and suitable for foundation of support. += For stay the position of pit shall normally be such stay makes as large an angle as possible with the support and it shall bein the range of 40 to 60 degrees. 1» The length of stay rod shall project 450 mm above the ground level. The pit for strut shal be located at a distance not less than 18M from the pole. = The depth of pit shall be such that atleast 1.2M of the strut is buried in the ground. Stay / strut: * Stay set shall consist of stay rod, anchor plate, bow tightened / tur buckle, thimbles, stay wire and stain insulators. 1 The stay rod shall be with stay grip in case of turn buckle is used instead of bow tightened. The entire stay set assembly shall be galvanized. The stay wire shall be either 7/4.0 mm diameter or 7/3.15 mn diameter GI having tensile strength of not less than 70, Kegf/sq mm and confirming to IS 2141. '= The anchor plate shall be of MS galvanized and not less than 300 mm x 300 mm x 6.4 mm thick. The stay rod / buckle rods shall be minimum 16/19 mm diameter galvanized steel rod having tensile strength not less than 42 kgflsq mm. Minimum length of stay rod and buckle shall be 1800 mm and 450 mm respectively. Erection stay sets: 1 The anchor plate shall be galvanized MS plate. The stay rod with anchor plate shall be embedded in cement concrete 1:3:6. A stay shall be provided at all angle and terminal poles. Double stay shall be provided at all dead ends and in such case, these shall be as far as possible to be set parallel to each other. Cage guard: 1 All metal supports of overhead lines and metalic fitting attached shall be permanently and effectively earthed. Cage guard / cradle guard shall be made of 6 SWG Gl wire confirming to IS 2633 including netting, stretching and jointing of cage and lacing by 10/12 SWG Gl wire, binding by 14/16 SWG Gl wire. ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! 1943svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Danger boards: ' All supports carrying HV lines shall be fitted with danger plates confirming to IS 2551 at height of 3 M from ground indicating the voltage of line. The script shal be both in ‘English/Hindi. Anti climbing devices: 1 Necessary arrangement for preventing unauthorized persons from ascending any of the supports and structure carrying HV lines without the aid of ladder or special appliance shall be made. 1 Unless otherwise specified barbed wire confirming to IS 278 having four points barbed spaced 75 +/- 12 mm apart shall be ‘wrapped helically with a pitch of 75 mm around the limb of support and firmly commencing from the height of 35M and up to 5 or 6 Mas directed by the engineer. Lightning arrestor: ‘Lightning arrestor suitable for HT lines shall be installed one unit per phase at terminations, transformer stations, etc. 1 The devices shall be connected ahead of fuse provided if any. Independent earth electrode shall be provided for LA. ‘= The earth lead from earth electrode to LA shall be continuous. The LA shall confirm to 1S 3070 and shall be non linear distribution class ‘= The LA shall be non-linear type, distribution class, outdoor type suitable for effectively earthed system. The LA shall consist of line terminal stud, earth terminal stud, number of spark gaps in series with non-linear resistor, the whole assembly housed inside a hermetically sealed porcelain bushing. = Neoprene rubber gasket shall be provided between metal caps and porcelain bushing, Non-linear resistor shal be silicon carbide blacks metalized at both ends to ensure good electrical contact between terminals, non-linear resistor & spark gaps = Mounting bracket shall be hot dip galvanized suitable for mounting LA on structure. Cable Laying Direct in Ground: ‘© The method shall be adopted where the cable route is through open country, along road / lanes, etc and where no frequent excavations are encountered and re excavation is possible without affecting other work. Width of trenches: 1 The width of trench for laying single cable shall be 35 em Where more than one cable are to be Iaid in the same trench in horizontal formation, width of trench shall be increased such that the inter-axial spacing between the cables for 415 volts shall be 20 em and for 11 shall be 35 cm. Depth of trenches: 1 Where cables are laid in single formation, the total depth of trench shall not be less than 75 em for cable up to 1.1 KV grade and shall not be less than 120 cm for cable above 1.1 KV grade, Wherever more than one tier formation is unavoidable and vertical formation is adopted, the depth of trench shall be increased by 30 em for each additional ier to be formed. Protective covering: ips:folectricalntes wordpress comi/201 1/0608! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! oussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles ‘= Cable laid in trenches shall have covering of clean dry sand not less than 170 mm above the base cushion of sand before the protective cover is laid '= The cables shall be protected by B class/second class brick of not less than 20 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm or protective cover placed on. top of the sand and both sides of cable for full length of the cable to the satisfaction of Engineer in-charge. Back filling: 1 The trenches shall be back filled wit excavated earth free from stones or other scrap edged debris and shall be rammed and watered, if necessary, in successive layers not exceeding, 300 mm unless otherwise specified, Route marker: 1 Route marker shall be provided along straight runs of cables and at points of change in direction as approved by Engineer-in- charge and in general at intervals not exceeding, 100 meters in straight run. Route marker shall be made out of 100 mrn x 100 mm x5 mm GI/AL plate bolted or welded on 35 mm x 35 mm x 6 mm MS angle iron of 600 mm long, ‘= Such route markers shall be mounted and grouted parallel to and 0.5 meter away from the side of trench. The work “cable” with, voltage grading and size of eable shall b scribed on the marker. ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! ussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicaton(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles CONSTRUCTION STANDARD A-6 ELEVATION wero Tr PLAN x= -7o sur me poe NGTE:TAB AN ALTERNATIVE, M'S-ANGLE CROSS-ARM (AI) MAY BE USED IF CHANNEL SECTION [XS PER THIS STANDARD IS NOT AVAILABLE KV LINES \V-CROSS ARM tps /electricalnotes fi _ 11 06/erass-arm.pt ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec!svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicaton(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles TAC STRAN NSULATOR ASSENELY WITH HELICALLY FORMED FITTING ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec!svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles M-r2 u-a0ur FIG.i-T = IK, STRAIN. CLAMP FOR BALL AND SOCKET TYPE INSULATOR tps ctricalnotes files wordpress, comy/201 1/06/2.png) ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! aussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicaton(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles WKY. STRAIN CLAMP FOR TONGUE. AND CLEVIS TYPE INSULATOR. tps /electricalnotes files wordpress.com/2011/06/3 png ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! susaussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles CONSTRUCTION STANOARD SEE SEAS), ev nes ~ oF Tos gM am TaD, TANGIN JOINTS. . = TOR AAC/ACSR ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! aussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicaton(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles CONSTRUCTION STANDARD C2 ee fee ELEVATION END VIEW BILL_OF MATERIAL, Tamera i Sans =f eee : UIKY INSULATORS & FITTINGS Sheree ; CCLEVIS & TONGUE TYPE STRAIN a INSULATOR SET Scents 1 set 1972 (httpsu/electricalnotes files wordpress.com/201//06/strain insulator png) ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec!svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicaton(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles CONSTRUCTION STANDARD™ TYPICAL OFTAIL OF CLAMP ALTERNATIVELY 20,8 6180 MAYBE USED INSTEAD Or mire. ‘2. WATER TO Be FouRED INTO SUMP TO KEEP THE SOL| SumRouNoNS SHE EARTH PIPE/ROO MOST. 2. FOR COL EARTHING REFER CONSTRUCTION SraNoARS J-1 (httpsufelectricalnotes files wordpress.com/2011/O06/pipe-earthin ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! EARTHNG FOR ORONARY SOIL ‘ALL OOENSIONS ARE Me. PIPE/ ROD EARTHING xars serosonanois ‘1K0418V Overhead Line Specicaton(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Fig: 4— 11KY PIN INSULATOR TIE (SUITABLE FOR STRAIGHT RUNS AND ANGLE LOCATIONS UPTO IC) INSULATOR FIN, (TYPE § 168) AS PER IS:2486 Pt. ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec!svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles cn .wordpress.com/201 1/06/danger-board, png ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! aussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles TILED UNDER UNCATEGORIZED About Jignesh.Parmar Jignesh Parmar has completed M.Tech (Power System Control), B.E(Electrica) from Gujarat University. He has more than 13 years ‘experience in Power Transmission-Power Distribution -Electrical energy theft detection- Electrical Maintenance-Electrical Projecs( Planning Designing-coordination-Execution). He is Presently associate with one ofthe leading business group as a Deputy “Manager at Ahmedabad, india, He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel Sa Engineering as per IS NECJEC,IEEE codes. He is technical Author for "Electrical Mirror" and "Electrical India” Magazines. He is ‘Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his experience & knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics. 2s of Electrical 108 Responses to 11KV/415V Overhead Line Specification(REC) ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec!svsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Shona Balaji says: june 14,2011 at 6:17 am Distance between tow poles of 20KV overhead line. Reply karthik says: September 2.2011 at 11:52am awesome sirits highly useful for every electrical engineer Reply kenny james siame says: September 19,2011 at 41. pm Hi, please send me the goute for the DROP OUT FUSE LINK ASSEMBLY COMPLETE, 11KV. Give me prices both FOB and CIF Zambia for 300 pieces wait to hear from you. i thank you in anticipation. Regards Kenny JSKCoLTD Reply 1ay Ghade says: August 6, 2014 at 8:08 pm_ Dear Sir, {im Vinay Ghade BE electrical engineer having around 7 years experience in designing field. i want to go much deeper in this field. Any design course you offer or any books that is to be refer. Reply n says: September 14,2014 at 6:49 pm good. Reply vikas says: October 3,2011 at 4:09 pm ‘What should be the minimum spacing between LT overhead conductors Is there any IS or IE rule for this. Reply lignesh Parmar says: ‘October 6, 2011 at 10:39 am Yes In both Horizontal congu. and for Vertical confug. 200mm for vertical confu.and 300mm for horizontal confu for P-P this is indicate in CPWD noms. Please read my Abstract notes. You will find it. Reply vikas says: October 4, 2011 at 2:31 pm Is there any IS or IE rule specifying the spacing between two conductors of 415 V overhead line. Reply Jignesh.Parmar says: ‘October 6, 2011 at 10:38 am Yes In both Horizontal congu. and for Vertical confug. 200mm for vertical canfu.and 300mm for horizontal conf for P-P this is indicate in CPWD noms. Please read my Abstract notes. You will find i. Reply Anuj Bhatnagar says: October 20, 2011 at 8 Hi fignesh, ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! sussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicaton(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Can you please send me the drawing and specification of Dead End Clamp and Suspension Clamp. Thanks, Anuj email Reply M.VENKATA RAO says: November 20, 2011 at 9:52 am. Dear sir ‘what is the minium distance from pole to pole in L1kv overhead transmission line? Reply lignesh Parmar says: November 27, 2011 at 3:53 pm “Minimum Distance ??? Start from Zero...Normally 25 Meter to 60 Meter according to geographic condition, Type of Conductor, Type of Pole. Reply VASIM SHAIKH says: November 22, 2011 at 5:09 am can u plz give me complete details of erection. Right from pole pit dimension to stringing. Looking for a positive reply. thanks Hello Sir how to calculate the Drop out Fuse rating for 100 KVA transformer.and formulas. pls tell me Reply paulson says: December 6, 2011 at 10:51 am how can we terminate a 630KVA transformer y secondary side to LT overhead line 4x400sq.mm cable is required. is the structure required or any other solution? Reply deepesh sahu says: january 12, 2012 at 5:43 pm it is compulsory to use “trinangular configuration in I1kv pole”? can we use rectangular configuration? sir plese reply Reply M.SATYANARAYANA REDDY says: january 14, 2012 a¢2:19 am it is compulsary to maintain the 90deg(Straight) angle when 33 kv line crossing the road,any alternatives to road crossing with above 90 deg(cross) Reply vijay says: February 1, 2012 at 11:18 pm my station switch yard that is 11/415v lighting arrestor which is ahead of hg fuse set is always busting, and my switch yard is under 33KV line . please help me out why this was happening Reply Pradip says: February 4, 2012 at 9:39 am want to calculation of ilumenation of street light scheme 3 kilo meter road length wide 15 mlz, pole to pole distance 30 mt. total no.of poles. 100 nos pole require.divder (so assume double fitimg, ,pole height 9 mtr.) & how to calulate voltage drop cable selections. Reply A, ALMOHAMADED says: ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! aussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles February 12,2012 at 5:41 pm can iknow the max. load of 11ky feeds and the long, Reply lignesh Parmar says: February 13,2012 at 2.24 pm Depends on (1) Conductor Size (Amp) @) Length of line @) Permissible Voltage Drop (8) Type of Load Reply K.karthick says: February 28, 2012 at 11:42 am wonderful sit, Reply Parag says April 6, 2012 at 8:06 am Please provide us total details & drawings for v cross arms, straight cross arms & others. Thanks, Reply ‘Muhammad Faroog Khan says: june 7, 2012 at 4:50 pm Hi, want to calculate the conductor size of 38 km L1kv OHL. my total load is given in A(KVA) which is 21000KVA. Please help me out. suggest me a formula and size of conductor, Reply lignesh Parmar says: June 8 2012 at 5:03 pm Caleulate % Regulation from excel sheet given in Excel tools, Reply ‘Muhammad Farooq Khan says: june 9, 2012 at 5:15 am there is no such tool to calculate the Conductor size for OVERHEAD LINE CONDUCTOR, did ACSR 7/3.40 mm can bear the above given load? for case of 11 Reply Rolly Mondelo says: june 18, 2012 at 12:17 pm Dear sir what is .e minimum horizontal and vertical distance from street light pole in a 32 KV overhead transmission line ? Reply Rolly Mondelo says: ne 18, 2012 at 1:08 pm sir, also send me the standard horizontal andl vertical clear power! nce in any high vi ye transmission line.... thank you and more Reply M.Viswanathan says: ine 22, 2012 at 12:03 pm Dear Si, I required the structural foundation details forthe following: 1) DP structure for 1IkV line with 250kVA transformer mounted single incomer cum outgoing. 2) and LIKV EB post (RCC) Reply sanu says: ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! asussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles ‘August 21, 2012 at 8:22 am respected si, can u please tell me from where i can get rec construction manual.and which publisher is publishing that book. graetly need that book thanks Reply Ehsan Ullah says: September 1, 2012 at 4:30 am Dear sir, please tell me the depth of 11 kva pole. Reply lignesh Parmar say: ‘September 2,2012 at 331 am HIKVA!! Reply ‘Sharad Taide says: s Can u please tell me the safest horizontal and vertical distance from the steel shed. height of stee! shed is 6m & 8 M Reply faucet says: November 12012 at 7:38 pm Win reality a great and useful piece of info. lam satisfied that you shared this helpful information with us. Please keep us informed like this, Thanks for sharin, Reply M.VENKATA RAO says: November 2, 2012 at 7407 am Sir if phase sequence changes in HT side of transformer then L.T side phase sequence changes or not? Reply daniel says: November 7,2012 at 11:38 pm ‘ani hv the diagram or picture of cradle guard? Reply wamidhtaha says 0.201 rs Dear Sir i need please ( Electrical pole, span, sag, caleulation in excel sheet ) if you can send it to my mail thank you foreward Reply scinivas says: january 9, 2013 at 1:01 pm Dear sit, please information Electrical pole, span, sag, calculation Thank you, Regards, srinivasulR ectrical installation estimating &e costing. Reply ‘wamidhtaha says: lanuary 12,2013 at 10:47 am Dear Sirs; are you can this exel sheet for( i necessary need it {wait your replay in my mail thank you forward for your attention eng. wamidh / iraq trical pole, span, sag, calculation) Reply lignesh Parmar says: ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! essvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles January 12, 2013 at 2:24 pm Dear wamidhtaha, Thave not such type of Excel Sheet. Marathi Lekh! arathi Kavi january 31, 2013 at 1:06 py ‘Magnificent items from you, man. I've be aware your stuff prior to and you are simply extremely fantastic. I actually like what you have bought here, certainly like what you are stating and the way by which you assert i. You're making it enjoyable and you continue to care for to stay it smart. I cant wait to learn much more from you. That is actually a wonderful website says: Reply (Chetan Bhavsar says: March 23, 2013 at 7:43 am really great great info helped in my project thanks alot... April 8.2013 at 10:12 am Dear All, In our project, sendling end voltage is around 400Volts and receiving end voltage is 360V for 150Meters OH line. Here we are getting 40 V drop for a very small distance . Let me know the reason for this voltage drop. Reply lignesh Parmar says: April 9.2013 at 6:07 am ‘Your question has insufficient information, what is load. (Iw..100W,..-.) 2ywhich size of over head conductor have you used. April 24,2015 a¢ 11:58 am h dis is mahesh ry question: if want to underground a cable which is already over headed from the street pole tothe transformer of ating 250kva, which sqamm cable‘ have to use? Reply Jignesh.Parmar says: Ape 25,2013 at 4:16 pm Not getting your Point 777 Reply Er G Singh says: ay 5.2013 at 3 Hello Jignesh, Really useful stuff, can we start a threa about earthing of UG cables? Reply fignesh Parmar says: ‘May 5, 2013 at 425 am Already give in the Blog...search in old posts Reply AF says: May 19,2013 at 0415 am Indeed very informative A question: Thave seen that the the horizontal distance between the 3 phases (conductors) of 11kV OH line is not same; 2 phases are relatively closer, as compared to the 3rd one, Does anybody know the reason? Reply lignesh Parmar says: y 19,2013 at 10:37 am, ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! amssvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicaton(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Where ?? Horizontal distance should be same in three phase distribution, Reply NIKUNJ CHAUHAN says: May 25,2013 at 4:42 am RESPECTED SIR, IF YOU HAVE NOTES OR EXCEL TOOL ABOUT CALCULATION OF LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS THEN PLEASE UPLOAD IT. THANK YOU. Reply HR Arun says: june 11,2013 at 9:45 am, Please provide the sctional drawings of RCC 8.0 Mtr pole, RCC 9.0 Mtr pole, PSC 9.0 Mtr pole: Reply Rafiq says: 5am HL How many transformers can be installed in 11/0.4 KV package SUBSTATION? Thank You Reply dillip kumar gamnayaks says: September 14,2014 at 7.02 pm HL How many transformers can be installed in 11/0.4 KV package SUBSTATION and all transformer calculation Reply Ramesh says: ne 27,2013 at 6-40 am sir, please send me maintenance schedule double pole isolation unit july 20, 2013 at 7.25 pm Really , great use tome Reply Prabakaran Balaraman says: y 25,2013 at 6:59 pm sir, plz say about the clearance distance between the pole to pole and also distance between ground surface to conductor Reply BHAGWAN SURYAWANSHL says: August 8, 2013 at 10:03 pm Tanks for giving that much information I am very happy to read this can i get much more information from you Reply ‘Saroja Ranjan Pattanayak says: August 14, 2013 at 10:13 pm Dear Sir, A.11 KV substation is installed on the road at a distance of 5 ft from my residential house and 3 feet from my boundary wall Request you to mention the minimum distance that is to be maintained during HV substation installations Reply jolly bhatia says: ‘August 16, 2013 at 7:06 am Hi Can u tell me what should be the maximum current which we can get on I tide on 11 kv line and what should be the ratting of the transformer. Reply sali says: September 21. 2013 at 6:58 am_ ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! essvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles time to time i collect i formation related to my job which stands very helpful for me, thanks, this time i want information regarding calculation of sag in 11ky transmission line i am diploma engineer in electrical engineering by qualification with experience. Reply vinod says: October 22, 2013 at 8:56 am Whether i can get complet Bill of Material for 11KV switchyard and 11KV overhead transmission line Reply M\Y. DESAI says: October 29, 2013 at 9:33 am Hi, Sir ‘wheather 415 v multistranded with insulation aluminum conductors for overhead lind available in market, if yes plsend details. Thanks. November 23, 2013 at 7:25 pm respected sir sir please tell me what type of probl regards er UTKAL MISHRA mn will occur if we ll binding a conductor with insulator by AAC in It line? Reply Badshah Mohideen says: December 5.2013 at 5:08 am Hi Mr. Jignesh Congratulate for the website and your excellent effort. [have a doubt, Whether the jumpers can be used as a Isolation point during outages of LIKV & 33 KV OHL lines i. to isolate section of OHL, the jumpers can removed and used as isolation points. Reply ankush says: December 28, 2013 at 6:08 pm thanks Reply Ashok Kr. Thakur says: December 30,2013 at 301 pm Hello Mr. jignesh, Cud u kindly let me know the weight of 6 swg Gl wire that is rqd for cage guard of kv OHL? Reply STEWART MAWANA says: March 27,2014 at 10:19 am. Hy Mfr Jignesh, cld you pliz kindly assist on hw can I calculate cable size when wiring a 600VA TX which draws 75A at a supply of 0-240-230-180 and 100 and its output is 24Vac Reply REHAAN HASSAN says: April 12,2014 at 7:30 pm In rural area and population density is high and locality full with bamboos and large trees in magrahat of south 24 parganas of ‘west bengal. At these type of places what isthe distance between two poles for wring of 440 said Lines and also for 220 said lines as suggested and directed by government, And what measures should be taken. Reply angelito cortez says: ne 20, 2014 at 8:39 pm Good day sirjplease can send me the distance of transmission tower 38 KV with wire size 366.2 mm square and what is the required height of tower use in open area in well site (oil and gas company) Reply Mario Enriquez says: ine 23,2014 at 4:00 pm, ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! aussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Mr. Jignesh, Currently, 12KV aluminum wires run over a waterway 290 feet, pole-to-pole. [ow much wire sag is there between the poles, assuming wires have been installed to standard specifications for 12KV distribution? What reduction in wire sag can be expected if the span is reduced to 220 feet? (Thanks for your impressive site.) Reply sunil mane says: ‘August 24, 2014 at 5:15 pm Iwant to know 1 Rv conductors types and their current capacity. pl. Reply dillip kumar garnayak says: September 14.2014 at 6:51 pm 11kva cabule meserment Reply Venu says: August 25, 2014 at 6:11 am Hi JIGNESH i need all component lis(small components also like fuse) of distribution system from 1ky to 240v please give me a list Reply angelito cortez says: August 29, 2014 at 840 am, Im so glad to thank you its a great great information can i get more information from you.God bless you always.may i know the drop voltage of different size of cable in every meter.and what is the required size of cable i use for every Kva Reply shrikrishna dubey says: August 31,2014 at 9:23 am sir why we are using 9 kv LA in 11 kv system ? Reply Hidayat says: September 4, 2014 at 7.03 pm ‘what is C&DF test, what is dissipation factor Reply DB Dandapat says: September 9, 2014 at 11:44 am_ () Thave 11 KV O/H distribution line about 7 KM (only) and each individual poles are earthed with Earth spikes ( Earth resistance of each loaction is less than 5 Ohm). But Inspector is insisting us to provide continious earthing for the said O/H line as per IE rules. I could not traced the same from IE rule book. Expecting your reply and possible help. (ii) Where dumpers are being operated, what will be the ground clearance (min) for 11 KV O/H line Reply imprasad79 says: September 12, 2014 at 6:32 am. (1) Continuous earth wire of proper size which is solidly earthed at substation is to run all along the route of 0 reason of safety after every fifth span , the pole isto be provided with the earth from the ground. This wire is solidly connected to the earth provided at the substation and later on every sixth pole is earthed. Galvanized iron wire of 8 SWG ot bigger size is used. as earthing conductor. The maximum continuity resistance of earth should not be more than 5 Ohms. ead line, For (11) Minimum clearance of conductor above ground while crossing the road or a public through fare for 11 KV is 6.1 Meter and Vertical Clearance above building if 11 KV line is passing over it is 3.66 Meter Considering a dumper of Cat 777 OB Dump Truck (Empty) 100t-TRK 9780x6105%5147 its height will be approx 5.2 Meter Using all the above mentioned data , Pole of 9 Meter will gi fe enough clearance which suffice your purpose. Reply saman says: October 14,2014 at 7:57 am why we are using 3 insulator bracet for 11kVA hips:olectricalntes wordpress com/201 0608/1 Tkv415v-overheatline-spoctcaion- rec! oussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Reply Kaiser Ahmad say: November 20, 2014 at 6:20 pm Dear Sir What should be the working load for a PCC Pole, 9.0 Mtr long with FOS:2.5. The pole has to be used for 11KV line in a wind pressure zone of 75kg/sqmm. Reply ntejeswar says: November 24, 2014 at 2:38 am dear sir this is very useful for me and i want 11kv/0.440kv single line diagram of outdoor sub station Reply vvinod naik says: November 24, 2014 at 1:21 pm sir want RCC pole standard drawing for all 7.5m , 9m 1m. Reply Dileep Kumar Sahu says: December 9.2014 at 11:39 am What is the meaning of conductor names (ACSR Dog Rabbit & Wi 11)? Do they belong to specific voltags line rating? Reply prabir dua says: December 15, 2014 at 9:56 am [Politely request you Can you send to me all type of electrical is coad list Reply Vinod Rana says: january 8,2015 at 11:12 am, Mr Parmar ‘This is Rana from Delhi How much voltage difference is allowed in each phase voltage of 11 KV line. My incoming voltage is showing R Phase 11000 Volts Y Phase 110100 and B phase is 11500 volts. Is it permissible. the same corresponding difference i am getting in LT also 415 410.400 in each phase. How to resolve it Regs Reply Vinod Rana says: january 8, 2015 at 11:14 am PL read 110100 as 11100 volts Reply AMAN says: january 13,2015 a¢2:26 am ‘THANK YOUIT IS VERY HELPFUL Reply sakthivel says: january 21. 2015 at 3:30 am please tel me the insulator name which used in dp yard. january 29, 2015 at 11:13 am R/S we are engaged in distribution system dealing with 33kv 11 kv and 440 v, working in mpeb (now mppkwvcl we required to purchase items locally but we don’t have suitable specification book . Cam u suggest me some such books Reply ‘Samson Paul says: March 13,2015 at 10:08 am hips:folectrcalntes wordpress com201 1/0608! Tkv415v-overheatline-spoctcaion-rec! aussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles Hello, | really like this article sine this article is so informative for me as Iam currently doing my final year project on de distribution grid exterision with the utility company in my country, Am a final year electrical engincering student at the Papua New Guinea University of Technology ‘Am asking if you could help me with my project with necessary information. Thank you very much, Reply rasel says: March 20, 2015 at 4:04 pm Would you please inform me what should be the standard height of a 11/. 44kv sub station building as per electrical rules, Thanks Reply Anand Kumar KS, Sr-Technical officer, Flectrical Division, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore sa March 27, 2015 at 1-4] pm Dear sir information is very useful to professional engineers Reply N.NYNARKUMAR says: March 31 2015 at 736 am, Dear sir I would like to thankful to say to that, Tam nynarkumar i am working on rggvy project and i have complete in one year, today i am studied in your Rec specifications. itis very valuable information for al site engineers. but i have a small dough for transformer earthing And LA installation, please give me the valuable answer. Reply D.B.V.R.K.S.Sarma says: May 26,2015 at 12:11 am Respected sir Good morning, the information you have provided is useful for every personal who is attached with electrical distribution, system, thanks for providing the information, now coming to my doubt ie I want to know the reason behind maintaining a distance of 1200 mm in between line support and earthing electrode in distribution system, Reply jhulan says: June 3.2015 at 81d am How many 9m stp Pole requere 1km 11 ky line Reply Kashmira Lal says: ily 3, 2015 at 7:01 am Dear Jignesh, Pladvise for any machine or attachment used to erect electric poles, Thanks, Kashmira Reply Dharmendra says: v5, 2018 at 4:11 am, Good Reply MUKESH KUMAR says: july 7.2015 at 1:56 pn Dear Jignesh, {saw a pair of shield or ground wire strung/ running below phase conductors in 11 KV ove lines this requiced ina 3 phase 11 KV/ 425 volts overhead distribution lines street ighting utility poles also; specially on street crossing? I don't see one ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! aussvsara01s ‘1K418V Overhead Line Specicator(REC) | Electrical Notes & Articles in my locality. Please clarify Reply D.Sarma says: uly 12, 2015 at 3:54 pm ThoseTho may be guard wires, provided to protect the beneath area whe: any kind of damage. the line conductor cuts because of over loading or Reply Amit Gupta says: ly 10, 2015 at 7:11 am How to locate a fault in 11 KV OH line easily. The Line is running through farmers’ land and some of tree touches cauise earth fault or/and over current fault result in triping the system, Reply N.Vignesh says: ly 17,2015 at 4:07 am Sir, I need sag calculation format, kindly reply as soon as possible Reply Samson Paul says: 18, 2015 at 4:13 Hello sir, Can you please tell me the maximum demand a IKV can be able to supply? Reply sanjoo rawat says: ‘August 2, 2015 at 12.05 pm In LT distribution we are using bamboo seperators, but why in the rainy season LT line got short circuit. can you explain and help me. Reply nomi says: August 27,2015 at 901 pm In transmission we use insulators of brown colour ... what is the purpose of making the insulator in brown colour?... ans? Reply nomi says: ‘August 27,2015 at 903 pm, ‘can we use white colour insulators in transmission line? Reply Himanshu Bansal says September 19, 2015 at 8:36 pm Sir, is there any standard for power transmission and distribution capacity for overhead lines at various voltage levels? Reply Blog at WordPress.com. ‘The Enterprise Theme. ips:olectrcalntes wordpress com/201 1/0808! Tkv415v-overheadine-spoctcaion-rec! aus