A MICRO PROJECT REPORT

ON

“FM Transmitter”
SUBMITTED BY

STUDENT NAME 1
STUDENT NAME 2
STUDENT NAME 3

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. Kokane K. G.

In partial fulfillment for the award

Of

DIPLOMA IN E&TC ENGINEERING

Sanjivani Pratisthan’s

S. P. I. T. POLYTECHNIC, KURUND

2021 – 2022
 Sanjivani Pratisthan’s
S. P. I. T. POLYTECHNIC, KURUND

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that a micro project work entitled

“FM Transmitter”
is bonafide work carried out by following students

Name of Student Enrollment Number

STUDENT NAME 1
STUDENT NAME 2
STUDENT NAME 3

in partial fulfillment for the award of “Diploma in E&TC Engineering” during the
year 2021-22 as required by the Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,
Mumbai. The micro project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of micro project work prescribed by MSBTE, Mumbai.

Place: Kurund, Ahmednagar.

Date: / / 2021

Project Guide Head of Department Principal

(Prof. Kokane K. G.) (Prof. Kokane K.G.) (Prof. Kapse S. D.)
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Mr. Kokane K.G. for his valuable
guidance and support in completing my project.

I would also like to express my gratitude towards our principal Prof. Kapse S. D. for
giving me this great opportunity to do a project on FM TRANSMITTER Without
their support and suggestions, this project would not have been completed.
ABSTRACT

An FM transmitter is a circuit that developed frequency modulated signal using a transistor.

This circuit is basically a radio system which aids with antenna and increases the
electromagnetic signal. In FM Transmission they based on the frequency range of 88 MHz to
108 MHz When the input audio signal is applied to the transistor and the output signal is
modulate and set the resonant frequency. When we set the resonant frequency we change the
capacitance value. After setting the resonant value we connect to the oscillator
 CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. What is FM Transmitter
3. Block diagram of FM Transmitter
4. FM Transmitter Circuit Diagram and Explanation
5. Component list
6. Advantages , Disadvantages & Applications
7. Conclusion
Introduction

The FM transmitter is a single transistor circuit. In the telecommunication, the frequency

modulation (FM) transfers the information by varying the frequency of the carrier wave
according to the message signal. Generally, the FM transmitter uses VHF radio frequencies of
87.5 to 108.0 MHz to transmit & receive the FM signal.

What is an FM TRANSMITTER?
The FM transmitter is a low power transmitter and it uses FM waves for transmitting the
sound, this transmitter transmits the audio signals through the carrier wave by the difference
of frequency. The carrier wave frequency is equivalent to the audio signal of the amplitude
and the FM transmitter produces a VHF band of 88 to 108MHZ.
Block Diagram of FM Transmitter

The following image shows the block diagram of the FM transmitter and the required
components of the FM transmitter are; microphone, audio pre-amplifier, modulator,
oscillator, RF- amplifier, and antenna. There are two frequencies in the FM signal, the first
one is the carrier frequency and the other one is audio frequency. The audio frequency is
used to modulate the carrier frequency. The FM signal is obtained by differing the carrier
frequency by allowing the AF. The FM transistor consists of the oscillator to produce the RF
signal.
FM Transmitter Circuit Diagram
Connect the components as shown in the Simple FM transmitter circuit below.

FM transmitter circuit looks on breadboard

FM Transmitter Circuit Diagram Explanation
The audio output signal from the microphone is usually small; the first transistor thus
performs the job of amplifying that signal to a level good enough for transmission.
After amplification as described earlier, the next stage of the FM transmitter is
modulation. At this stage the amplified audio signal is then mixed with the carrier
frequency at with which the signal is to be transmitted. This carrier frequency can be
varied using the 20pF variable capacitor connected with the inductor, and the typical
frequency band of this particular design is between the 88MHz to 108MHz and since
there is no visual output to recognize the exact frequency at which the transmitter is
working, you will need to adjust your FM receiver radio within the range of the
frequencies mentioned to get the frequency at which the transmitter is transmitting.
After modulating the Audio signal with the carrier frequency, the signal is then sent
out through the antenna.
Required Components for FM Transmitter Circuit
The following components are required to build this FM Transmitter Project:
1. 2n2222 NPN Transistor x2
2. Condenser mic / audio jack or any other Audio Input part
3. 100nf Ceramic capacitor x1
4. 10nf ceramic capacitor x1
5. 4 pf ceramic capacitor x1
6. 100 ohms resistor x1
7. 10k resistor x 3
8. 1k resistor x 1
9. 100k resistor x1
10. 1M resistor x1
11. Variable Capacitor 20pf
12. Gauge 18 - 22 copper wire
13. 9v battery
14. 9v battery Cap
Advantages of the FM Transmitters
The FM transmitters are easy to use and the price is low
The efficiency of the transmitter is very high
It has a large operating range
This transmitter will reject the noise signal from an amplitude variation.

Disadvantages of the FM Transmitter

In the FM transmitter, the huge wider channel is required.
The FM transmitter and receiver will tend to be more complex.
Due to some interference, there is poor quality in the received signals

Application of FM Transmitter
The FM transmitters are used in the homes like sound systems in halls to fill the sound with
the audio source.
These are also used in cars and fitness centers.
The correctional facilities have used in the FM transmitters to reduce the prison noise in
common areas.
Conclusion
In this project, we have seen operation of our lesson, which is FM modulation,
oscillator, transmission and wireless communication and more. If signal modulation
voltage is (0 V) the carrier frequency remains constant which depend on transmission
frequency and if signal voltage is increases the carrier frequency also increase the
signal reach to + ve peak and carrier frequency is maximum. If the signal voltage is
decreases and carrier frequency also decreases and the signal reach to 0 peaks and
carrier frequency is minimum