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    light 95 ot clear until Maxwell combined electricity sei nt single discipline electromagnetism, as ety Naw enstins When either an electric or a changing with time, a ficld of other kind is ee ed IS cn ein of oes, A cing ects gee eg magic eld and vee ven gies rie tan es ne jsturbance, which ean propagate through space “codium known as electromagnetic wave. The radio joa ‘ ht, X-rays, yerays ete, are examples sin ransmission erotic WAVES. “Displacement Current srfiagto Ampere's 12 giedl = on) ent crossing a surface bounded by a closed of fr electrie curr curve, Equation (i)is valid only when the electric field on the surface ssn change with time. Ampere’ law is not walid in this form if electric field at the face varies with time. Some instant charge on plate is Q, whie ce If we place a compass needle between Consider a parallel plate capacitor during charzing Proce® Jy depends on time The electric field between the plates (Q/A eq) varies ith the plates it deflects Electromagnetic” WLS .d? There is n0 due to the magnetie field. How this field is ereate ‘current between the plates. Maxwell proved that changing electric field produces magnetic field. Due to change of electric fclé, there is a current known as displacement current and is given By ig= Eq (ddg/df. dp is the flux of the electric field through the area bounded by the closed curve along whieh circulation of B is calculated. ‘The generalised Ampere’s law is ) a feai =o ih & AE =n) where i= conduction current iy displacement current. Maxwell's Equations Gauss's law for electricity GE- ds= 4 0 Gauss law for magnetism GB-d5 =0 ao a Faraday's law beat = ae ‘Ampere’s law § Bal =ol+ Ho & Be In vacuum, there are no charges and hence no conduction currents. a5 7 Ampore’sines PBT = Ho & ee 1029) Electromagnetic Wave ——_Hlectromagnetic Wave According to Maxwell, * Apoint charge at est produces a static electric field * Apoint charge moving with constant velocity produces both ‘lectric and magnetic field, * Anaccelecated charge not only produces electic and magnetic field but also radiate electromagnetic energy known as ‘lectromagnetic wave (EM wave), ‘The EM waves consist of broad range of wavelength and frequency. The radio waves, microwaves, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and ‘ytays are EM waves of increasing frequency, ‘The EM wave radiated by an accelerated electric field and va EM iss follows: charge consists of varying ying magnetic field. The salient features of (1) TheEM waveistransverse, both # and B are perpendicular {o the dizetion of propagation of the wave. The electric and magnetic fields are also perpendicular to each other. The ‘ireetion of propagation isthe direction of propagation ofthe vector product Bx B. (2) There is definite ratio between the magnitudes of E anil Bs Exc G) The wave travels in vacuum with a definite speed (4 EM waves require no medium for propagation, Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Waves.” Consider a linearly polarised sinusoidal EM wave travelling in-+y direction. The E and B vectors oscillate in phase. & is maximum when Bis maxrpum and? is zero when B is zero, tt i in ddirection then isinz-direction sothat EB is along direction of propagation, Let E, (x, and B. (x0) represent instantaneous values ofthe component of Band the -component of, respectively {ety and By represent the maximum values or amplitudes of these fields. The wave functions in vector form Eqns 605 (kx ~ an) 5 = Ecos (kee) Bln = 8 costtx-wnk, 7 Fase Byen To = 2m, Sacex vi Byc05 (kx eo) gation vector or angular Wave une iy k:propi der wavelength 1p: frequency co: angular frequency speed of ight in vacuum _ iitude of the fields oscillate eee is linearly polarised tity, ma praxis. Electromagnetic waves are self-sustaining osc, electric and magnetic fields in free space or vacuum, Electromagnetic Wave in Mattey ">> g Not ony veut so EM waves can mela ma inair, water, or glass. In dielectrics, wave speed is diferent fom (sped eh in vacuum), For waves traveling in mater, replace ey by e by wand cby v. E=wB ‘ Wave speed » = = Vee Vie” a H, relative permeabiliy, K : dielectric constant For most dielectrics, p= 1 (except for insulating ferromagnetic mates) ve VK Refractive index of medium n=SaJR v Note: The vat lue of K for oscillating electric field is fequensy dependent an Ml not constant as in ease of constant elect fel Energy Density ‘The variation ofetectricandi magnetic field in plane electromag wave is given by EON = Fy 008 (kx ay} On, yo tyonths—ak ; “ gensty (enerey stored/volume a ) was pte Bw 073 My 2 1 gg? cos? (kx - ct) + 20. 2 feeb cor HE ON4 os" thx vege value of cos? (kx — oof) for long wire is 2 2 1 < 1By 608 x= wh] Bo = Fabs cys? (kx - ani He Ste, 1) = £28 cos? (kx) Ho 1 Average value of cos? (kx — eat) for long time 6 > Fab Ho gue b wee a ‘waves transport energy and carry momentum. Ifthe total eperey Iransferted to a surface in time ¢ is U, the momentur transferred. to this surface u == (if wave is completely absorbed) w p= AZ Gt wave is completely retested) Due to this momentum, EM waves exert pressure. When wave dent normally on a surfsce p= 2, presse Ps” cdr” PFESSUFE Poot alm Pra= 2 (wave totally absorbed) aly als (ave toully reflected) Standing EM Waves. EM waves can be reflected from a conductor or dielectr superposition of an incident wave and a reflected wave forms 4 standing wave. Let a sheet of a perfect conductor ts placed in the s>-plane anda linearly polatised wave, travelling in negative x-axis strikes it, ‘The wave functions for the superposition of the Two waves are ~ , [eos (kx + eof) cos x - e)] <-2f, sin kx sin or B,« By [- cos Us + et) cus (kx = eat)} 2B, os bx cos wt n * 120, S.A AS tinodel planes of £) 2 3h SR > xe S52. b oo (inodk Pegg” adel planes of B) 1020 Electromagnetic Spectrum ah ‘The classification of electromagnetic waves according 0 frequency is electromagnetic spectrum, There is no sharp division para ‘one kind of wave and the next. The classification is based ro" ‘on how the waves are produced and/or detected. 4 (1) Radio waves: Radio waves are produced by acceler charges in condueting wires, These waves are used in att and TV communication. These are generally in the frequency range from 500 kHz to 1000 MHz. (2) Microwaves: Microwaves (short-wavelength radio waves) with frequencies in the gigahertz (GHz) range. They are us for radar systems. Microwave ovens are used for cooking. (3) Infrared waves: Infrared waves are emitted by theatoms and ves). 2:<10? nm | 103 tol nm | 1am to 400mm 400 nm to 700 nm of hot bodies. Mese Wave8 ae yy, i moles ag therapy a h Iti familiar fon rays! Itis the most ™ Of ef ea erry the part of the spectrum tha jg wavt’veye. Its wavelength is about 409 ¢g hur fed by atoms under suitable condi W rays are emit jotet rays: Il covers wavelength g (5) Ultravi 6 nm, The sun is 2 this radiation is harmful 0 i absorbed gj ay oduced by fost moving g. ™® ays: X-rays are Pr ina (6) fe strike @ metal target. The wavelengiy st, 1 A X-rays are widely used in medical Siagnosis oy (7) Gamma rays: Gamma raY5 are emited by ihe have the shortest wavelengths They are sed ing destroy cancer cells. S Imm to0.1m 700 nm to 1 mm >0.1m Gammarays | X-rays UV rays Visible light Microwaves Infrared waves Radio vary Radiation and Atmosphere Without our atmosphere, there would be no life on earth, The atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and smaller amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, helium, neon etc. The atmospheric layer closest to the earth is known as troposphere, Iv extends to 10 t0 15 km above the surface of earth. It contains 75% of atmospheric mass, 99% of water vapour and site of all weather on earth. The neat layer is stratosphere which extends up to height of 50 km. The upper part of stratosphere contains ozone layer, which ¢ layer shielding life on earth from the sun's forms a protect harmful ultreviolet radiation. This layer converts the UV radiation to infrared which is used to heat the atmosphere and earth's surface, ‘But this ozone layer is being depleted which is a cause of concem for us. The neat layer is mesasphere extending from 50 to 80 km above the eurth’s surface. The atmosphere above is called ionosphere The Greenhouse Effect Heat from the sun warms the easth’s surface bul most of tis ra led and sent back into space. Water vapour and carbon dioxide in the ‘roposphere rap soine of this heat, preventing it trom escaping thus keep the earth warm, This trapping of lcat is called the “greenhouse effet However, if there is 100 much carbon dioxide in th troposphere then twill raptoo much heat. Scicinists ne ata hee the increasing amounts of carbon dioxide would raise the eatth's surface temperature, bringing significa changes to woriwids weather pattems. shifting i climate zones nh meting polar ce caps, which could raise the level ofthe word seg (@) The maximum magnetic field in 4 plane el wave is 6 wT. The wave is going in the xdcecion ns magnetic field is in z-direction. Find the maximumele field in the wave and its direction. (b) Find the energy stored in a 120 em length of laserbexx operating at 6 mW. Solution: @) E,B and direction of propagation are mutually perenic'z % 108 <6 x 10° = 1800 Vin E isalong y-axis, (b) Time taken by wave to travel a distance 120 cm 120x1 3x1or 74 10°? sec ntained in 120 em length U=P=6xts4s 10% aswel y Eng ‘The electric field in an Electromagnetic wave is gies 2 10 sin oor Ax) Vim, Find the energy containedina of cross scetion 40 en e ind length 1 m along the x-axis 404 intensity of wave. a i yoo Vim, area d= Beggs tort m= 1m density et one oF Hinde veAl pe cqniained in this volume wer pete ‘0 cm? fF 1 2 ==, BG Al v=560 4 (85 * 107) (107 * 40 « 10-4 eqrTx told say of W2VE Le gt ate Be Jefe : : (385 * 10°) (1077 @ * 105 213.3 Wim? ‘Gaete dene and magnetic fields produced by the Seng fora 30x W blbata distance of, Assume easy ofthe bulb is 10% and it is point souree, wee leesity et distance r from 4 point source P eo ane? tpul PP HEiiency y= QUEM. input’ 10" _ oe 18%8.85 qos. 100 sca Jisseaas 7" Fy 266 Bym 22! 4 » =o. Se Sept OKO T Eng aio con the surface of eatth radiates a sinusoidal wave Ea ee a Bet oF 628 KW, Assuming that the Tanomiterrdates equally in all nections abe the ground, atten unplitudes £ and A, detected by a satellite ata distance from the antenna. Solution: Na Y (emiphere) Intensity at satellite petit 28x10" A” ImR? 628% (200 10°)" 225107 Wim? 1 rye Ege [ar _ |_ 2x25x10 : Jepe | Y885x 10" x 3x10" = 14 107 Vie Ene ‘A light bear travelling in the xsirection is described by the lectie field £, = (300 Vim) sin eo(f ~ ve). An electron i Constrained to move along the y-direction with = speed of 2.0 107 inisee. Find the maximum electri¢ force and the num magnetic force on the electron. maxim Solution: Eo Bysinolt=we) B= 300-Vin wo poe fe oto ee ane 116 10%) (300) = 48 «1077 N evBy= 10+ 10 «2 107 10° than energy fx of 40 Wien? falls on a non-reestiog at normal ineidence. If the surface has an area of find the average free exerted on the surface during & \e span. ‘The energy incident on surface is U= TAt= 40 « 10% « 20.» 10° «30 60 = Lad 1084 “Total momentum delivered (for complete absorption) pu Ua bad x08 © 3x10 ‘The average force exerted on surface = 0.48 x 10? kg m/sec: P Fe. P:power 1A _ 40x20 c Furor 7267 * 10 N LExarnple 7] An earth-orbiting satellite has solar-energy collecting panels with a total area of 3 mn?, ifthe sun's radiation is perpendicular 40 the panel and completely absozbed, find the average solar Power absorbed and the average force associated with radiation: Pressure. (Intensity of solar radiation is 1.4 kWim?) Solution: Power = Intensity x area IA=14% 10° x3 210 W Force F= =A (for completely absorbing surface) 4.2x10° Sarr AION x (a) Awave of frequency § * 10'* Hz is incident on diamond. Find the wavelength in vacuum, speed of wave propagation in diamond and wavelength in dismond. Take dielectric constant A and relative permeability 1, for diamond as 9 and I, respectively. (b) Aradiowave of frequency 100 MHz passes from vacuuim to ‘amaterial (K= 10, », = 1000). Find wavelength in vacuum, the speed of wave propagation in material and wavelength in material, ‘Solution: (a) = 6% 107 m= 600 nm J ¢_ _3xto" Maieed” TLR ty = 10" Maionond 108 Reament= yg =2*107m=200nm, ce, 3xi0 © Nasu 3” 100x108 ¢ 3x10" 3m Yami” TK iol xto =3* 10° ms 3x108 Peay 100 10 =0.03 m=3.em Acton dose ase emits sinusoids eecromapey: that travels in vacuum nthe negative x-direction, The atta is 10 pm and & field is porte tthe 95 with mat, magnitude of 1.2 MV/m. Write vector equations for Pandy functions of time and position. Solution: The wave inthis example i linearly polarised along ai Atpoints where F is inthe +vez-diection, B must tebe Positive y-direction for vector product EX B to be inte negative x-dire (the direction of propagation), E (0)= By cos (kx+ anh Bx.) = By cos (kx + 0) 2 Mvim = 1.2 « 10° Wim 2n % 10x10 = 2x10? mt sek =3 x 108 2 108 = bn * 10! rad/s yf vie 7 (1.2109) cos (2 10° x + 6n x10! 8G.) = (4x10) cos (2n x 10°x #6n x10") 7 T electron. na plane © cigs WLS S10" yy ’ eave a FreqUENEY OF the wave vession forte electric field, 3 ye sin O51? 41.5% 19! yy 22KtorT on 3 =4nx 10? m=4 4, ety zmm yele3* 10° 2 « 107 = 60 Vim ! j pebsinkx+ od 260 sin (0.5 * 10° x+ 1.5 * 10" 4 Vin a ila cpacitor with plate aren 4 and separation 1 platsd is charged by a constant current i. Consider Teme of area 4/4 parallel to the plates and drawn {aly ween the plates, Find the displacement eurent keeisare. Sh lexsome instant charge on capacitor be Q. sic field between plates of capacitor pe te apisog through area Alt i G07 A i con Em capacitor with cireular plates of radius I m has Sete wig ACY = 0 it is connected for caring in the magne St" R= 1 Me asross a2 V bate: Catelate peri tld ata point , hava between the centre and Phery of the plates, after = 10°? sec. Solution: ‘The charge on capacitor at anytime 1 ty _E une a= CEi-e"), 7 dt R RC= 108 x 107 = 107 2.2 canta 10° x10°6 e ‘The electric field between plates At 1= 107 see, E=—L=L (since = 0? = (1) =A) de me Consider a circular loop of radius 1/2 m parallel to plates through P. Flux through the loop 2 4 1) a4 eed =—Lr{4) = % re “(3 4e Displacement current at ¢= 10° sec jae te - MIM, ae deg de Ad 4 Sx10§ edeerxio ye" “Ampere-Maxwell law ¢ di = poli. +4) 0.5x10-° } B any eens (0+ ji 0.75109 TCs e827) 10189) Topic Single Correct Answer Type Electromagnetic Wave 1, Which of the following is correct regarding electromagnetic waves? (i) In fice space, its speed ¢ = 3% 108 mis Vito it . 1 4) tn medium, its speed v= sp jue (ili) The energy crossing unit area per unit time perpendicular to the direction of propagation of EM wave is called 2 antenis B intensity and is equal to 1= te B= 2° (OG 3) (i), Gi) 2. Which of the following is correct regarding EM wave? (8) The cleeromagnetic waves are transverse in nature and Fequires no medium for their propagation. (i) A charge oscillating harmonically is a source of +lectromaguetic waves of same frequency. 1 The frequency of EM wave is v = tE in an LC 2a oscillator. i), Gi) (2) Gi), (iti) 3) @), Gi) 4G). Gi), Gil) 3. Which of the following is correct regarding EM waves? (i) If wave is incident on a completely absorbing surface, then momentum delivered is 7 tc energy. Gi) If wave is incident on a totally reflecting surface, then i au momentum delivered is =. Gi) Radiation pressure is the momentum imparted per second per unit area on which light falls. 2 For perfectly reflecting surface: p= — For perfectly absorbing surface: p = 2 c Oe, G) G) (0, (ii) 4, Which of the followin (2) (i), (ii) (NC), Gi, Git) is correct reyarding EM wave ( In EM wave, electric field, magnetic ficld and direction of propagation are mutually perpendicular, misc Gin E and B always osciltate in phase. iit)’ and B" ace such that B* Bis alway, Ci propagation of Wave. ey adi) i 8), Ci) (0, 60, Gy ng options which one. ut of the following options w nb . 7 propagating electromagnetic wave? hy (Uy Acharge moving al constant velocity * (2) Astationary charge (3) A chargeless particle (4) An accelerating charge 6, Anelecromagnetie wave going through vain ny, by B= Eysin (Kx ~ 01); B= By sin (e~ a) The (Eke Bye )F,= Bok Er Mk (&) none of thes 7. Anclecromagntic wave going through Yacum den by £=£, sin (kx). Which ofthe following is/are independent ofthe waeien, Wk ye @)Ke wre 8. The oscillating electric and magnetic vector f, electromagnetic wave are oriented along (1) the same direction but differ in phase by 90° (2) the same direction and are in phase (3) mutually perpendicular directions and are in phase 9. Which of the following have zero average value inafs electromagnetic wave? (@ electric field (ii) magnetic field li) electric energy (iv) magnetic energy ()@), Gi) (2)(ii) 8) @, Gi) (4) (i), (9. } Aplanc electromagnetic wave is incident on.a materials ‘The wave delivers momentum p and energy E (Mp=0,£#0 Opr,ee0 ()p20,£=0 ()p=0,E=0 i ie 11. Consider the following two statements regarding li Polarized, plane electromagnetic wave: y A. The electric field and the magnetic field have equal®™ values B. The electric energy and the magnetic enerey equ?! values, ct ye r fo WAVES a ya are 1 ristme ~ cet jog but Ais tme pF gu ae False crse in nature is evident by S ggg rans ae . ito (2) Interference eo (4) Diffraction EF tie field B exist _gjefeld B onda magne exist in a regi x vitae not perpendicular to each other "ion. fe “1 . ee grt possible wd revomagnetie wave is passing through the region © ge eon wave may be passing through the © eit ave is certainly passing through the i jneeeroanet eo te peo qfamplitude of magnetic field to the amplitude # sate field for an electromagnetic wave propagating in Sean iseeal 10 indeed of ight in vacourn icra speed of Tight in vacuum of magnetic permeability to the electric ity of vacuum pute rt seep iy kan detrmageetic wave travels along z-axis. Which of flowing pairs of space and time varying fields would pate such 2 wave (EB, QE By OE B, AE, 8. lkAs Af wave is propagating in a medium with 2 velocity lating electric field of this EM ection of oscillating The instantaneous oscil ware is along +y-axis. Then the dir apaticfield of the EM wave will be along (-tdirection (2) -2 direction , G)ydietion (4) +2 direction b As eccomagnetic wave in vacuutn has the cleciie and dicular 10 Sif at which aealeays PP the. The direction of polarization is given PY te Pe cfvave propagation by & . Then and Vive os tot a3 snteB OF Beak Rx — @) ¥Uzana be x? ORF tet wen nae EE i VN Band ik ExB (4) Hana ket The js ‘kcltic and the magnetic fields associated Wit @ 42 “magnetic wave, pre jdong th vet wave, rae along th an fan be 09 (2) [B= By) B= Bll OE=6].8= 5k) — (4 [B= fyi, B= Bil 19, Able electromagnetic wave is propagating aloni rection. Ifthe electric field component of this wave is #9 pe direction (J+ 7), then which of the following is the lirection of the magnetic field component (Ci @i-h ((E= a8, B= Ai g the @ci-7 4) G+ 20, The energy contained in a small volume through which an electromagnetic wave is passing oscillates with (1) zero frequency (2) the frequency of the wave (3) half the feequency of the wave (4) double the frequency of the wave 21. If the toal electromagnetic energy filling on a surface is U then the total momentum delivered (for complete absorption) (2)eU acu ace, the root mean square ‘Viin. The peak value of 22, Inanelectramagnetic wave in fee sp: value ofthe electric field is Eyg, = 6 the magnetic field is (1) 2.83 = 10ST G)423 108 T (2)0.70 10°5T (4) Lal 10ST 23, A plane EM wave travels in free space along x-axis. At = particular point in space, the electric field along y-axis is 9 Vim, the magnetic ield along z-axis is (y2« 1087 (3 = 108T (31077 (4)2«107T the electric field was found to oscillate with 24, Iman apparatus, ‘Vim. The magnitude of the oseillating an amplitude of 21 magnetic field will be (2) 5007 (40a (a) 700 @)6onT a5, The clectre Feld associated with an = 740 cos (2-6 > 108A, where B= electromagnetic wave in vacuum is given by advan in vol, meter and second expectvely The vale darwave vector & is ay2m! (osm om! 26, The electric field ocos (077 + kx) Wm, where andxare in ly. Itcan be inferred that (amt netic wave in free space is ofan electro piven by & seconds and metres respective Ag © The wavetengit 3s 188.4 m 7 The wave number & is 033 radi inthe medium is Gi The wave amplitude is 10 Virn (12 108mis QS ay, (iv) The ‘Wave is propagating along + direction G) 108 m/s. AOS x 199 Which one of the fellow ing pairs of statements is correct ? 32, An EM wave of frequency v= 4 Miz pa, _ 1). Gi ino 1 medium with relative permeabits hon, ), (i ermittivity 1.6. Then frequency ang Wavelons 28 MOG) fi double 2) dou iat . dou r 27. The mognetic field in a plane EM wave is given by (same, Ste 3,=2% 10"'si(0.5 = 10's +15 10! Thiselectromagnetc Q)same, half (4) hal, same wave is 33, The nergy stored in 60cm Leet of eg, (a visible tight (2) an infrared wave al4mW Mb G)a microwave (4)a radio wave (aysx 108s 208 « 19, 28. An EM wave from air enters 2 medium. The electric fields (3) 0.008 x 10°"? J (4) 80 « gry are B= ai[am(2-.)] and 34. in source of EM raaton hs oo avenge © 6000 W. The maximum ae ofc £2 = Fai cos[i(22~ cf) in medium, where the wave 3m from the source in Vin is , number & and frequency v refer to their values in air. The (ay 100 2)200 medium is non-magnetic. If ¢,, and ¢,, refer to relative (4) 400 Permittvity of air and medium respectively, which of the G)300 wl following options is comect? 35. The ms value ofthe electric Feld ofthe ih a te the Sun is 720 NIC. The average total energy yg electromagnetic wave is (1) 637 © 107 Ym? 2) 81.35 «10°? yas g @ 84 3) 3.3 « 107 im? (4) 4.58 10 Jig? = @) Vim? are str 29. A plane EM wave travelling along z-axis has a wavelength 36: Radiations of intensity 0.5 Wim’ ate Striking «ret, 6mm, The variation in the electric field occurs indirection ‘The pressure on the plate is (complete absorption) with an amplitude 60 Vim. Then (1) 0.166 10° N/m? (2) 0.332 x 108 nym? @ E,=60sinax 10" (r= ) (3) 0.011 © 10° Nim? (4) 0.083 « 10° Nin? 37, A radio antenna of length 3 m is oriented along the dreie E,=30sin2xx 10!" ( -2) ofthe EM waye and a signal of intensity 8.85 x 10" Wis 7 ei The maximum instantaneous Potential difference acrostz ; af, = two ends of the antenna is Gi) B,= 107 sin 2.x 10" (1-2 Gs a) ay @ Vipv «107 sine x to" (y-* ete a" sage ( ;) @) Buy @) env a. Gi 2) i, Giiy Elect i on lectromagnetic Spectrum 30. Ifeisthe speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum, itsspeed 38 Choose the correct option ina medium of dielectric constant X and relative permeability a) (1) The radiation in increasing order of frequency st His waves, micro waves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet X-* ‘gamma rays, cosmic rays ve eyfi,k ; Q) v= eVfty 2) The wavelength of colours in incre indigo, blue, grcen, yellow, orange and red wm order viol kK gv av (3) The speed of light is maximum in vacuum (4) All options are correct ewaves j user of wavelength OF nftared, microwave, 2 na 98 wit a von ote mie ona. infrared, viraviotet, gamma rays tine inated, microwaves ee ga FS infrared, ultraviolet wave, ultraviolet, gamma rays oer following have minimum wavelength? oe a aan (2) Ultraviolet rays (4) Gamma rays oe 7 see portion of an EM spectrum? ’ aah (2) Microwaves es wer (4) Radio waves 0 sre following have minimum frequency? | ge (2) Gamma rays (&) X-rays od , vepesent the wavelength of visible Light ty acto waves, en QAPAEA, (AP A>A, oaieowaes jraoes rar anh?’ a. oft following statements are correct? {pre ozone layer absorbs most of the wltra emitted by the Sun. 7 aoa Gi) Green house effect is warming of eurth's aimasphere duc tothe infrared radiation reflected by low lying cloudsand CO, in the atmosphere of cart. (ii) The ionosphere playsaitalrole in theradio communication. 0,0 2p Gi, Gi DG, (it (9.60. Gi) Numerical Value Type L ‘Theamplitude of the magnetic field in a paraltel beam oflight of intensity 60m Witn? isn 10°", where ki 2, Aight wave is incident on diamond of refractive index 1f.2% of light gets reflected and amplitude of the magnetic field of incident wave is 2V10 pT, then the amplitude of magnetic field for the wave propagating in the diamond is 2 k “g HT, where kis 3. If the maximum electric field in the electromagnetic wave propagating in vacuum is 18 V/m, the maximum magnetic field in nT (nano) is. : 4, Solar light of intensity 1.5 kW/m? is incident normally on 2 perfectly absorbing surface. The radiation pressure is kyiNim’, where kis . ‘toaz Mixed Concept Single Correct answer Type Ve eat Type : of 1. Given helene in the the left eotamn are eitferet ater communication uving the kinds of waves given inthe column A | Optical fee comamamication | * [Uvaseand [fee Q. | tefased bet _ ik [Se R | al | R. | Microwaves 22 [Mobi phoney Ys ain waves) (DAS. BLO CR, Dp (ALR. B-P C-s, BQ FIA-Q. BS, CR DP (HA-Q. BS. CP p. R 2. The mean intensity of radiation on the surface of the Sun is stout 10° Wer? The ems value ofthe corresponding magnetic Field is closest to ayie'y Q)10°«T Gat (1087 3. The encigy associated with electri field is (Ug) and with magmetic feld is (L,) for an electromagnetic wave in free space, Then QUU, 4. A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency $0 MHz travels im free space along the positive x-direction. At a particular point in space and time, E = 6.3} Vim, The corresponding magnenc field A , at that point will be Cy 18.9107 ET (2) 6.3109 &T Gy 219107 iT (4) 189 108 ET S.A plane electromagnetic wave uavels in fice space along the s-direction. The electric field component of the wave fa particular point of space and time is = 6 Vm "along Jdiection, Its corresponding magnetic field component, ft would be (6+ 10" Talo (2)6* 10" Talon, (3)2 = 10 T along (4) 2 © 10° Talong y-direction ional area of field in this 6.4 27 mW laser beam has « cross. 10 mm?*. The magnitude of the maximum elect pees ee EE Main sss electromagnetic wave is given by igi, Gacee, 29% 1081 Init Speed og Fy, (22K He (iy ERWi w 07 Vim @) 14 kVA 1 2A plane slecitomagnctic Wave fyi, vy = 23.9 Gills propagates along the page, * fy, fee apace: The pet valve of the cess Which among the following is the accep me ng component in te electromagnetic wayey Mp, 2x10" sin (0.5 x10 2 +15, 10"); “ Q) B=2%107 sin (1.5 x e+ 08x 1giy 1S xo; (3) B= 2x10" sin (0.5 x10? = (4) B= 60sin 5X10 x +15 x10! B.1ihe magnet etd of aplaneclectromagnecgy by (the speed of light = 3 * 10"/mis) ths, x B=100x 10%sin [oxxax 105 ('-Z)] aren, electric field associated with itis (1)4* 10°NIC (2)45« 10'Ne )6 x 10° NIC (4)3 «10° Ne 9. Amelecromagnetc waves represented byte ei. E= Eqn sin (or + (6) 82). Taking Unit Vectors ing directions to be 7, j, &, the direction of prepogstcgj; 4j-3k 5 ()s= _f3i+ak + th3j oi-(2 } (a $= SE 5 5 10. The magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave i gies 2 “ 5 2345p B=1.6X10° cos (2x 10" s+ 6x10 nis The associated electric field will he ’ a iV (YEAS IO? cos (2 6107s + 6x 10 T= 2E 2 6x1 D GINS wat 6x10!) (24g a 4.8% 10? cos (231072 + 6x10!) (F425 (2) B= 4.810" vos (2810 =ABNIO cos (2x10 owes Me enioF ape THORN aye nah sivenby fe if pics fab! ore pobbsin ees cr) wire ojos) sin (@!) ole je field ofa plane electromagnetic wave i vf magnet lagnelic wave is given y ~ 2, giiteos cor] 48,7 00s (kz + ot) where yx 1 Tand By = 2 * 10 T. The mms val 2 perience by 2 sationary charge = toe ee 7 ite ce oe @O1N @3* 10?N 4) 0.6N pte etre field of @ plane polarized electromagnetic wave ppecspaceat ime t= O18 riven by an expression Zu.3)= 10) eos 6x + 82)] spemagaticfietd B (s,2,18 given by (cist velocity of light) cy L(6k +8 cos [6x - 82 + 1Wet)] ¢ (0) Lk — 8h cos (6x +82 — 1061) ¢ 0) Le +81) cos [(6x +82 — 10ct)] (L(A cos x-+82 + 10c1)] M.Aligit wave is incident normally on a glass slab of refractive index 15. 164% of light gets reflected and the amplitude sie elesre field of the incident ligt is 30 Vim, then the anplind ofthe electric ied fr the wave propose" nthe ss medium will be ()10.Vim (2) 24 Van 30 Vim (4) 6 vim 1S. An electromagnetic wave of intensily 50 Wr? enters in 2 redum of refractive index ‘n* without any [055 The clo fg of the ‘the magnitudes of electric fields, magnitudes of magnetic fields of the W2N¢ entering into the medium are respectivels B=? by —— es 9 (es) Q (% +) © hid “ ($-*) 16. A saa clectromagnetic wave of frequency 25 GHz is poi wating in vacunm along the z-direction ‘Ata particular im in space and ime, the magnetic field is given by Besx10%} 7 5x10 77. The comesponding electric eld F is (speed of light e= 3 » 108 ms") (1) 1.66 « 10° 7 vim 3) 1.66 x 107" 7 Vim (a) 181 Vim (4) -197 Vim n, "Whe magnet field ina plane electromagnetic wave is given by Be3ct0-t sin (1.6 10? x 448100) T then hat will be expression for electric field? (1) B= sin 6x 10x + 48x10 Vien) in (1.6 10x + 48 x 10°91) Vien) @ B=@x1 e) B= (60sin (0.610? x4 48 10%) k Ves) (4) B= x10" sin (1.6% 10x + 48 10!) j Vien) 18. A plane electromagnetic wave is propagating along the direction +e with its polarization along the direction i. “The correct form of the magnetic field of the wave would Be (here Bis an appropriate constant) i+j (2 Bakcos( or 52 i ici isd 4) By = 60s {o +k ) (4) Bo E 19, Theeleeti iets of tv plane electromagnet plane waves jn vacuum are given bY Ecos (ar - 9) fj cos (at ~ kx) and Ey of charge q is at origin with a velocity Ave = 0.2 particle Foose] (c is the speed of Hight in vacuum). The ar cpantaneous force experienced by the parce is A WA) a Be (1) 59 (0854544) ¢ (2) Eq (087-4048) So (a jysin (eo) 1 B) Eq 087+ F4024) 24. Fora ple stesomapreicwavthe rag (4) £59 (043-33 + 0.8%) roaasmes™ _ 5 nh 20. The electric field ofa plane electromagnetic wave is given BY Besa 2x1’ sin OSxI0x415 * Nb Be byt cox de. n), avs = 0,0 postvely chorged The instntncos eles eld E conesagg ‘ (Gepeed of ight ¢= 3 * 10" ms ) tb} particle is at the point (x, y,2) = (2 o 2). Ifits instantaneous a Bea n=B6sin (05x02 4133191 py velocity at (1 = 0) is ’y K., the force acting on it duc to the ; 5 mn wave is @) Blmyal-A6 sin O5%1M +1 SxI0My sy 4 > 7 i E (x)= [36sin 1x10'x + 0.5 x108y py () zero, (2) paraltel to er Q) EO I~ MG . + 7 o My a F (3) amiparattet to aa (4) parattel to & (4) E (4) =[36sin (1x 10'x +1.5 x 10! oa 21 An clectron is constrained to move along the yan with 25, In a plane electromagnet Wave, the dies: ® speed of 0.1 ¢ (¢ is the speed of light) in the presence of field and magnetic field are represented by £ ang Py electromagnetic wave, whose electric field is respectively. What is the unit vector alon, propagation of the wave. - 8 die, E=30j sin (15 x10"r-5x10?x) Vim. ‘The maximum magnetic force experienced by the electron @ He +2) will be (given c= 3» 10° ms" & electron charge= 1.6 * 10° C) Looe Tz. 3 3) Let 4) = G+h (1) 1.6 10"? 48% 10PN G) ry @agoth )3.2 10" N (4)2.4 «1077 N 26. The magnetic field of a plane elecyomagnetic ware g fe i agetic wav ti > 5 22. The electric field ofa plane electrom: rete wavepropscting Besxt0* sint200n + en) along the x-direction in vacuum is E= Ey] cos («ot ~ kx), Wheree=3> 10°mis the speedofliht Tecan ‘The magnetic field B. ot tae moment (= electric field is (1) B= Eqgfitg & 0s (éx)} (1) B==10 sin [200n (y+ en) & Vim - £ . * . (2) B= =e 00s (key (2) E=—9sin [200n (y+ cr) Vi Teo Q) ‘ (200m (y+ ct) Vim > 2 E= 7 é (0) Be Byyfazy cosenh G) E=9sin [200 (y tery] & Vim - oF . E=3x10° + en} (9) B=- Se eostte) (4) =3.x10° sin (200% (y+ e1)] & Vin Mo Ee " a d 27. A plane electromagnetic wave, lns frequency of 0% 1 23. The electric field of «plane electromagnetic waves given by Heand its energy density is 1.02 x 10° Jam’ in vacuum. Tt ~ 1 E= Eq(i+ 5)sin (ke ~ wn) amplitude ofthe magnetic field ofthe waves else Fe, Its magnetic field will he given by 2 1) 2 (@- 5)e08 (ee - wr) = 9% 10” —— and speed of light= 3 « 10° ms") Bo (1) 180 ar (2) 16007 2) BC+ Hsin (any ©) 1s0nr out r WAVES. snc tion felting Wavelengths of yj ye oe etic wave spectrum ferent fet wa ng oh Fe Nae PP daa? radio waves ane > Dire waves” <,, yet oe peo WANES adi wave > Reiro waves > sea av (©) EG,0) = [B6sing 10% x+1.510" DiI tomove a long the y-axis wi the speed of ight) nage ha rei ec of amagnctiC WAVE, Whose leet & (S103) Vin The maxing venga) 18 sol ganerienced by the electron will be nw ™ENetic eee 3 10% ms"! Keene 73M Relectroncharge= 16x 9. 0 aan SRS 20200 © 16x 100 ‘lectromanetic waveis given or) ic field will be gi c smagnetic Be Biventy: 1Sen. 04,2020 Fa t+ j)sin(ke ~ cot) @ 2c cf ° Foes jysin(ke on) ¢ Fives tha o Bue Hsinte—an 9 2 Heostte cr) ¢ temagnetic field ofa plane electromagnetic waveis Jedx10" sin(200n(y tener where =3 * 108 ms"! is the speed of light, Thecorresponding electric field is: Sep. 0, (@ E=9sin{200n(y-+er)}k Vim @) B=-10% sin[200n (y+ ct) Wim (9 E=3x10" sin[200n(y-+ en} Vim (@ E=-9sin{200n(y+e2)}E Vim Thecletricfeld ofa plane electromagnetic wavepropagating img the x direction in vacuum is E= Ey Jeos(o —kx), Themagneticfield B, at the moment {Sep. 03.2920 1D} ©) = Ea ngs costa) © B= 5, Jagey costta)e 9 5 costiay} vboto plo electromagnetic wave, has frequency of 2.0 100° andits energy density is 1-02 » 10° Jf in vacuum. ‘amplitude of the magnetic field ofthe wave is close to I 2 = Fags sano? MAE ana speed tignt= 3 * TOF): e [Sep. 02,2020 00] Siisont @) ieont (@) Ison (1998 aa, 45. 46. 47, 48. n8h Ina plancclectromagnetic wave, the directions ofelecir'¢ field and magnetic field arerepresented by & and a- 2h respectively, What isthe unit veetor along director Propagation of the wave. [Sep. 02.2 Laps @ G+ x dD ier © s20+2/) i etic plane The electric fields of two plane clectromagr waves in vacuum are given by Bi =) cos(or—Ax) and Bz = Eok cos(ct— Ay) ‘Att=0, a particle of chargeq is at origin with a velocity ¥= 0.86) (cisthespecdoflight in vacuum). The instantaneous force experienced by the particle 19 Jan 2020. (D1 @) E,g(0.8F—j+0.48) (b) Eyq(04F-37+0.84) (0) Eqg(-087+j+4) (@) Epg(0.8i+F+0.2k) A plane electromagnetic wave is propagating along the direction “+ with itspolarization along thedirection £, ‘The correct form of the magnetic field of the wave would be (here B, is an appropriate constant): {9dan 2020, (10) pot ke 3) (0) By eos ork f i+) i eed © B Eee wy © Byieos{ or 17 4)} A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 25 GHz is Propagating in vacuum along the2-— (dy 35.2 10°F ie? The magnetic ficld in a travelling electromagnetic wave hasa peak value of 20 nT. The peak value of electric field slrength is : [2anay (a) 3Vin (b) 6Vim (©) 9Vim_— (a) :I2Vim Select the correct statement from the following : {Oaline Apeit 9, 2013] (a) Electromagnetic waves cannot travel in vacuum. (b) Electromagnetic waves are longitudinal waves. (©) Electromagnetic waves are produced by charges moving with uniform velocity. (® Electromagnetic waves carry both energy and ‘momentum as they propagate through space An electromagnetic wave in vacuum has the electric and magnetic field E and B , which are always perpendicular tocach other. The direction of polarization is given by X and that of wave propagation by &. Thea {2042} @) XW Emde BxE @) XIE ond FI] ExB © LBM EB O XE onde ll BxE An electromagnetic wave with frequency @ and wavelength 2 travels in the + direction. lis magnetic field is along + x-axis. The vector equation for the associated lectric field (ofamplitude Ey) is |Online May (9, 2012) @ B= ~Facos{ or+22y) z E= “Fp eos{ or +28 x) : wy Beeps = dn B= fen(o-22y © @ ‘An electromagnetic wave of frequen passes from vacuum into a dielectric permittivity © = 4.0. Then toes (9) wave length is halved and frequency remains unchanged nil is doubled and fiequeney becomes half 0 MHz ium with (WH) wave (e) wave length is doubled and the trequeney remains unchanged shh and frequency both remain unchanged. c transverse in nature is evident (2002) netic wav (b) interference (@) diffraction (a) polarization (o) rellection 34, 78. Math List - Lith List =I [user Ust-1 [(@) JUV mays (®_|Diagnastic tool in medicine {(o)} X-rays (iy [Water purification ofatierovave [id [Comnaiieaion, Ralar] (a))tnfrarcd wave [(w) finproving visibility in foney days (Choose the correct answer from the options given below : ©) (@)ii), Oi)... (div) ©) (21.049. (Oi), (a) 4iv) © 0-4.CHiv), (Hii), 4) @) ii), OH, OG. 440) Match List-1 with List 11: List List (A) Ultraviolet rays (Study erystal structure (B) Microwaves ii) Greenhouse effect (© Infrared waves (ii) Sterilizing surgical instrument (D) X-rays (is) Radar system Choose the correct answer from the options given below: (June 27.2022 (1)) (@) (A)~ Gi), B) Gv), (C)-,(D)-@ (©) (A)~ (HD. B)-@. (C)- (id, (D)-v) ©) (A) (i). B)- GD, (O)~ (4), D)—() @ (A) Gi), B)-G~).(C)-(,D). Which is the correct ascending order of wavelengths? Mune 26, 2022 (11 yi (Pause

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