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Chapter 5 Chemicals For Consumers
Chapter 5 Chemicals For Consumers
1. Define the soap 2. Define the detergent 3. Explain how the soap reacted in a cleaning process? 4. Define the hard water 5. Explain why detergent more effective than soap when cleaning using the hard water?
1. Define food additive 2. What information we can get from the food covers 3. List the types of food additive and then gives one example foe each type of food additive respectively
Food Additive
1. What is medicine? 2. State the difference between modern medical and traditional medical 3. State four type of modern medicine. Give functions. List 2 example of medicine for each type of the medicine respectively. 4. Gives three example of traditional medicine and their usage.
Medicine
A. SOAP AND DETERGENT 1. Definition (i) (ii) Soap Detergent : A sodium or potassium salt of long-chain . : A sodium or potassium salt of acids or .. acid.
2. Soap preparation process Soap is prepared by hydrolyzing fats or oils under alkaline condition. This reaction is called . The process involves boiling fats or oils with .. or .to produce .. and the salts of fatty acids which are the .. Write down the general equation for this reaction:
+ NaOH
3. Detergent preparation process During the preparation of detergent, a long-chain hydrocarbon obtained from .is converted into an organic acid through a series of steps. The organic acid is then neutralized with ..solution to produce a detergent. 4. Draw the general formulae for two common detergent
5. Using suitable diagram describe the cleaning action of soap and detergent
7. Complete the table below. Additive in detergent Biological enzyme Examples Amylase, proteases, cellulose and lipases Function To remove protein stain such as blood
Builder
Filler
Fragrance
Optical whitener
Suspension agent
Carboxymethylcellulose
Whitening agent
B. FOOD ADDITIVE 1. Food additives Complete the table below: Food additives Antioxidant Function To prevent oxidation of food Examples Ascorbic acid, BHA, BHT, tocopheral, sodium citrate
Flavourings
Food dyes
Preservatives
Stabilizers
Thickeners
2. Preservatives Complete the table below: Preservative Salt Example Salted fish How it works
Sugar
Vinegar Sodium nitrate or sodium nitrate Benzoic acid or sodium benzoate Sulphur dioxide Burger, sausage, launcheon meat Slow down the growth of microorganism
3. Antioxidant Complete the table below: Antioxidant Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) Example Margarine Function To retard rancidity in oils
Sodium citrate
4. Flavourings Complete the table: Food additives Monosodium glutamate (MSG) Function To bring out the flavor in many food Examples
Aspartame
Synthetic essences
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using food additives? Advantages Make food stay fresh longer, look nicer and taste better Disadvantages
C. MEDICINE 1. Traditional medicines are derived from plants and animals. Complete the table below: Medicinal plant Aloe vera (lidah buaya) Andrographis paniculata (hempedu bumi) Eurycoma longifolia (tongkat ali) Function To treat skin wound
2. Give three examples of animals that are claim to have medicinal properties. (i) (ii) (iii) . . .
3. Modern medicine are made by .in laboratories and are based on substances found in .
5. Complete the table below: Type of medicine / example of medicine Traditional medicine Side effect
Analgesic
Antibiotic
antidepressant
Stimulant
Usually high doses or excessive use of stimulants over long periods of time can lead to anxiety, hallucinations, severe depression or physical and psychological dependence
Antipsychotic