A

Micro Project Report

On

Setup Static & Dynamic DHCP Server

Submitted by
1. Saba Salim shaikh
Under the Guidance of
Prof.O.K.Wadne

In the Partial Fulfilment of Fifth Semester of Diploma in

Computer Engineering

JSPM’s
JAYAWANTRAO SAWANT POLYTECHNIC, Handewadi Road,
Hadapsar, Pune-28
Department of Information Technology
Affiliated to

Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education

Academic Year 2022-2023

 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education

Certificate

This is to certify that Ms. Saba shaikh with Roll No 43 has successfully completed Micro-project
in course Advance computer Network (22520) for the academic year 2022-2023 as prescribed
in the 'Assessment Manual' during her tenure of completing Fifth Semester of Diploma
Programme in Information Technology from institute Jayawantrao Sawant Polytechnic with
institute code 0711.

Place: Hadapsar Enrollment No: 2007110448

Date: 12/12/22 Exam Seat No:

Course Teacher Head of the Department Head of the Institute

 Annexure – I

Micro Project Proposal

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

 Reliable IP address configuration. DHCP minimizes configuration errors caused

by manual IP address configuration, such as typographical errors, or address
conflicts caused by the assignment of an IP address to more than one computer at
the same time.

 Reduced network administration. DHCP includes the following features to reduce

network administration:

 Centralized and automated TCP/IP configuration.

 The ability to define TCP/IP configurations from a central location.

 The ability to assign a full range of additional TCP/IP configuration values by

means of DHCP options.

 The efficient handling of IP address changes for clients that must be updated
frequently, such as those for portable devices that move to different locations on a
wireless network.

 The forwarding of initial DHCP messages by using a DHCP relay agent, which
eliminates the need for a DHCP server on every subnet.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed:

1. Implement Network layer Protocols.
2. Configure routing protocol in the given network situation.
3. Implement different Transport Layer Protocols.
4. Configure various Application Layer Protocols.
3.0 Proposed Methodology:

Abstract:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol that
automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other related
configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway. RFCs 2131 and
2132 define DHCP as an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard based on
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), a protocol with which DHCP shares many implementation
details. DHCP allows hosts to obtain required TCP/IP configuration information from a
DHCP server.

Windows Server 2016 includes DHCP Server, which is an optional networking server role that
you can deploy on your network to lease IP addresses and other information to DHCP clients.
All Windows-based client operating systems include the DHCP client as part of TCP/IP, and
DHCP client is enabled by default.

What is a DHCP SERVER client?

A DHCP Server is a network server that automatically provides and assigns IP addresses, default
gateways and other network parameters to client devices. It relies on the standard protocol
known as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP to respond to broadcast queries by
clients.

A DHCP server automatically sends the required network parameters for clients to properly
communicate on the network. Without it, the network administrator has to manually set up every
client that joins the network, which can be cumbersome, especially in large networks. DHCP
servers usually assign each client with a unique dynamic IP address, which changes when the
client’s lease for that IP address has expired.

Static DHCP Server

A static IP address is an address that is permanently assigned to your network devices by your
ISP, and does not change even if your device reboots. Static IP addresses typically have two
versions: IPv4 and IPv6. Static routing is a common function for today’s network switches.
Many of FS 10gbe switches feature static routing, such as FS S5900-24S switch which supports
both IPV4 and IPV6. A static IP address is usually assigned to a server hosting websites, and
provides email, VPN and FTP services. In static IP addressing, each device on the network has
its own address with no overlap and you’ll have to configure the static IP addresses manually.
When new devices are connected to a network, you would have to select the "manual
Dynamic DHCP SERVER:

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol used on
UDP/IP networks whereby a DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address and other network
configuration parameters to each device on a network so they can communicate with other IP
networks. A DHCP server enables computers to request IP addresses and networking parameters
automatically from the Internet service provider (ISP), reducing the need for a network
administrator or a user to manually assign IP addresses to all network devices. In the absence of
a DHCP server, a computer or other device on the network needs to be manually assigned an IP
address, or to assign itself an APIPA address, which will not enable it to communicate outside its
local subnet.

DHCP can be implemented on networks ranging in size from home networks to large campus
networks and regional Internet service provider networks. A router or a residential gateway can
be enabled to act as a DHCP server. Most residential network routers receive a globally unique
IP address within the ISP network. Within a local network, a DHCP server assigns a local IP
address to each device connected to the network.

4.0 Action Plan:

Sr. Details of Activity Planned Planned Finish Name of
No Start Date Date Responsible Team
Member
01 Identify the requirements of 07/07/2022 15/08/2022 Saba shaikh
the project
02 Design the structure of the 17/07/2022 25/07/2022 Saba shaikh
project
03 Develop a assembly language 28/07/2022 08/08/2022 Saba shaikh
program
04 Debug code and eliminate 11/08/2022 20/08/2022 Saba shaikh
errors occurred during
compilation and execution
05 Test the project 25/08/2022 02/09/2022 Saba shaikh

06 Prepare the final report 05/09/2022 13/09/2022 Saba shaikh

 5.0 Resources Required:

Sr Name of
Specification Qty. Remarks
No Resource/Material
Desktop with Intel Core 2 Duo 2.93
1 Hardware Resource One
GHz, RAM 2GB, HDD 160 GB
2 Software Resource Ubuntu Operating System One
3 Any Other Resource Internet -

Name of Team Members with Roll No’s:

Sr. No Roll. No Name of Student
01 43 Saba shaikh

Name & Signature of Course Teacher

(Prof.O.K.Wadne)
 Annexure – II

Micro Project Report

1.0 Rationale:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol
used to dynamically assign an IP address to any new node entering the network.
DHCP permits a node to be configured automatically, thereby avoiding the necessity
of involvement by a network administrator.
It Manages the provision of all the nodes added or dropped from the network
Maintains the unique IP address of the host using a DHCP server
Sends a request to the DHCP server whenever a client/node, which is configured to
work with DHCP, connects to a network. The server acknowledges by providing an
IP address to the client/node.

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

 Reliable IP address configuration. DHCP minimizes configuration errors

caused by manual IP address configuration, such as typographical errors, or
address conflicts caused by the assignment of an IP address to more than one
computer at the same time.

 Reduced network administration. DHCP includes the following features to

reduce network administration:

 Centralized and automated TCP/IP configuration.

 The ability to define TCP/IP configurations from a central location.

 The ability to assign a full range of additional TCP/IP configuration values by

means of DHCP options.

 The efficient handling of IP address changes for clients that must be updated
frequently, such as those for portable devices that move to different locations
on a wireless network.

 The forwarding of initial DHCP messages by using a DHCP relay agent,

which eliminates the need for a DHCP server on every subnet.
3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved:
1. Implement Network layer Protocols.
2. Configure routing protocol in the given network situation.
3. Implement different Transport Layer Protocols.
4. Configure various Application Layer Protocols

4.0 Literature Review:

A DHCP server is used to issue unique IP addresses and automatically configure other
network information. In most homes and small businesses, the router acts as the
DHCP server. In large networks, a single computer might act as the DHCP server.

In short, the process goes like this: A device (the client) requests an IP address from a
router (the host), after which the host assigns an available IP address to allow the
client to communicate on the network. A bit more detail below...

Once a device is turned on and connected to a network that has a DHCP server, it will
send a request to the server, called a DHCPDISCOVER request.

After the DISCOVER packet reaches the DHCP server, the server attempts to hold on
to an IP address that the device can use, and then offers the client the address with a
DHCPOFFER packet.

Once the offer has been made for the chosen IP address, the device responds to the
DHCP server with a DHCPREQUEST packet to accept it, after which the server
sends an ACK that's used to confirm that the device has that specific IP address and to
define the amount of time that the device can use the address before getting a new
one.

If the server decides that the device cannot have the IP address, it will send a NACK.

All of this, of course, happens very quickly and you don't need to know any of the
technical details you just read in order to get an IP address from a DHCP server.

Pros and Cons of Using DHCP

A computer, or any other device that connects to a network (local or internet), must be
properly configured to communicate on that network. Since DHCP allows that
configuration to happen automatically, it's used in almost every device that connects
to a network including computers, switches, smartphones, gaming consoles, etc.
Because of this dynamic IP address assignment, there's less of a chance that two
devices will have the same IP address, which is very easy to run into when using
manually-assigned, static IP addresses.

Using DHCP also makes a network much easier to manage. From an administrative
point of view, every device on the network can get an IP address with nothing more
than their default network settings, which is set up to obtain an address automatically.
The only other alternative is to manually assign addresses to each and every device on
the network.

Because these devices can get an IP address automatically, they can move freely from
one network to another (given that they're all set up with DHCP) and receive an IP
address automatically, which is super helpful with mobile devices.

In most cases, when a device has an IP address assigned by a DHCP server, that IP
address will change each time the device joins the network. If IP addresses are
assigned manually, it means administration must not only give out a specific address
to each new client, but existing addresses that are already assigned must be manually
unassigned for any other device to use that same address. This is not only time-
consuming, but manually configuring each device also increases the chance of
running into human-made errors.

Though there are plenty of advantages to using DHCP, there are certainly some
disadvantages as well. Dynamic, changing IP addresses should not be used for devices
that are stationary and need constant access, like printers and file servers.

Although devices like that exist predominantly in office environments, it's impractical
to assign them with an ever-changing IP address. For example, if a network printer
has an IP address that will change at some point in the future, then every computer
that's connected to that printer will have to regularly update their settings so their
computers will understand how to contact the printer.

This type of setup is extremely unnecessary and can be easily avoided by not using
DHCP for those types of devices, and instead by assigning a static IP address to them.

The same idea comes into play if you need to have permanent remote access to a
computer in your home network. If DHCP is enabled, that computer will get a new IP
address at some point, which means the one you've recorded as that computer having,
will not be accurate for long. If you're using remote access software that relies on a IP
address-based access, you'll need to use a static IP address for that device.

More Information On DHCP

 A DHCP server defines a scope, or range, of IP addresses that it uses to serve devices
with an address. This pool of addresses is the only way a device can obtain a valid
network connection.

This is another reason DHCP is so useful - because it allows lots of devices to connect
to a network over a period of time without needing a massive pool of available
addresses. For example, even if only 20 addresses are defined by the DHCP server,
30, 50, or even 200 (or more) devices can connect to the network so long as no more
than 20 are using one of the available IP address simultaneously.

Because DHCP assigns IP addresses for a specific period of time (a lease period),
using commands like ipconfig to find your computer's IP address will yield different
results over time.

Though DHCP is used to deliver dynamic IP addresses to its clients, it doesn't mean
static IP addresses can't also be used at the same time. A mixture of devices that are
getting dynamic addresses and devices that have their IP addresses manually assigned
to them, can both exist on the same network.

Even an ISP uses DHCP to assign IP addresses. This can be seen when identifying
your public IP address. It will likely change over time unless your home network has
a static IP address, which is usually only the case for businesses that have publicly
accessible web services.

In Windows, APIPA assigns a special temporary IP address when the DHCP server
fails to deliver a functional one to a device, and uses this address until it can obtain
one that works.

The Dynamic Host Configuration Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task
Force created DHCP.

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed:

Introduction

A DHCP Server is a network server that automatically provides and assigns IP addresses,
default gateways and other network parameters to client devices. It relies on the standard
protocol known as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP to respond to broadcast
queries by clients.

A DHCP server automatically sends the required network parameters for clients to properly
communicate on the network. Without it, the network administrator has to manually set up
every client that joins the network, which can be cumbersome, especially in large networks.
DHCP servers usually assign each client with a unique dynamic IP address, which changes
when the client’s lease for that IP address has expired

How it work?

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol that is commonly used in

networks for dynamic IP addressing configuration. Every user’s device needs at least IP
address to join the network and connect to services. When computer first connects to local
network with cable or Wi-Fi SSID, first thing is to look for IP address, netmask, default
gateway and DNS servers.

How does DHCP work?

Host connecting to network (cable or wireless) sends DHCP discover message to all hosts in
Layer 2 segment (destination address is FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF). Frame with this DISCOVER
message hits the DHCP Server.

DHCP Discover packet

2. After the DHCP Server receives discover message it suggests the IP addressing offering to
the client host by unicast. This OFFER message contains:

proposed IP address for client (here 192.168.1.10)

subnet mask to identify the subnet space (here 255.255.255.0)

IP of default gateway for subnet (here 192.168.1.1)

IP of DNS server for name translations (here 8.8.8.8)

3. Now after the client receives the offer it requests the information officially sending
REQUEST message to server this time by unicast.
4. Server sends ACKNOWLEDGE message confirming the DHCP lease to client. Now client
is allowed to use new IP settings.

What information getting from DHCP are necessary and which are optional?

In theory, only IP address and mask is needed for device to work. This is true in scenario that
device is within the same subnet with other devices and communicates with others knowing
their IP addresses. In such way there is no need for going beyond own subnet and that’s why
gateway is not needed. Using only IP addresses for communication also eliminates the need
of name translations so DNS is still optional. However, in real world scenarios most of
communication goes beyond the subnet and relays on Fully Qualified Domain Names
(FQDN).

In addition to necessary DHCP parameters there are DHCP options like popular Option 150
used in IP Telephony to inform IP Phones about the IP address of IP PBX for proper phone
registration – for example Cisco Call Manager or Asterisk PBX. Almost all DHCP server
vendors are able to pass DHCP options.

What if DHCP server is not in the same subnet?

You can ask yourself if there is a need for having DHCP server in the same L2 segment
(VLAN), because DHCP OFFER message relays on broadcast destination address which is
good for the same subnet only. Right trace! But for the sake of DHCP scalability there is
option to have DHCP server outside the subnet. In such solution DHCP discover packets
typically getting to default gateway interface are transformed into unicast packets (DHCP
 discover embedded message) with giaddr field that tells server about logical attachment
identification. Packet is sent directly to IP of server located somewhere in routable IP cloud.
Giaddr helps the DHCP server to find the correct address pool for granting the address.

6.0 Actual Resources Used:

Sr Name of
Specification Qty. Remarks
No Resource/Material
1 Hardware Resource Processor i3/HDD-1TB/RAM-8GB 1 Available
2 Software Resource Microsoft Office 2010 1 Available
3 Any Other Resource Printer 1 Available

7.0 Outputs of Micro-Project:

 Install the DHCP server role on Windows Server 2008, follow these steps:

 Choose Start→Administrative Tools→Server Manager.

 The Manage Your Server application appears.

 Click the Roles link and then click Add a Role.

 The Add Roles Wizard appears.

 Click Next to get the wizard started.

  The wizard displays a list of available server roles.

 Select DHCP Server from the list of roles and then click Next.

 The wizard displays an explanation of DHCP.

 Click Next.

 The wizard displays a list of the server’s network connections that have static
IP addresses, as shown in the following illustration. (In this example, only one
network connection has a static IP address assigned. Most network servers will
have at least two.)

Select the static IP addresses you want to use for the DHCP server. Then click next.

The wizard asks for the DNS configuration information, as shown below.
1. Enter the domain name and DNS servers. To enter a DNS server, type its address in the IP
address text box and then click Add.
You typically have more than one DNS server.
2. Click Next.
The wizard next asks for the WINS configuration information.
3. (Optional) If you want to enable WINS, enter the WINS server configuration and then click
next.
4. To create a new scope, click the Add Scope button.
5. The wizard asks for a name and description for the new scope, as shown below.

1. Enter the information for the new scope.

You must enter the following information:
o Scope Name: The name can be anything you want. Use a generic name such
as Office or your company name unless you’re creating two or more scopes. Then, the
names should indicate the function of each scope.
o Scope Starting IP Address: This is the lowest IP address that will be issued for this
scope.
o Scope Ending IP Address: This is the highest IP address that will be issued for this
scope.
o Subnet Mask: This is the subnet mask issued for IP addresses in this scope.
o Default Gateway: This is the default gateway address that will be used for this scope.
This is usually the address of your router.
o Subnet type: Choose Wired or Wireless. The difference is how long the IP address
will be valid. For wired networks, the addresses will be valid for six days. For
wireless networks, the addresses will expire in eight hours.
2. Select the Activate This Scope check box and then Click OK.
The scope is created, as shown below.

1. If you want to create additional scopes, repeat steps 10–12.

You can create as many scopes as you want for your DHCP server.
2. When you finish creating scopes, click Next.
The wizard asks whether you want to enable stateless mode, which is used for IPv6. Disable
this mode unless dealing with IPv6 clients is important to your network.
3. Click Next.
The wizard asks for the credentials to use when creating this DHCP server. The default is to
use your current login credentials.
4. Click Next.
The wizard displays a confirmation screen that summarizes the settings you’ve entered for
the DHCP server.
5. Click Install.
The DHCP server is created. This might take a few minutes. When the server is finished, a
final results page is displayed to confirm that the server was properly installed.
6. Click Close.
You’re done!

8.0 Skilled Developed/Learning Outcome of this Micro-Project:

a) Practical Outcomes:
1. Configure File Transfer Protocol (FTP) using relevant software.
 2. Configure Hyper Transfer Protocol (HTTP) using relevant software.
3. Configure Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) using relevant software.
4. Configure Universal Datagram Protocol (UDP) using relevant software.
5. Configure Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) using relevant
software.

b) Unit Outcomes in Cognitive Domain:

1. Explain function of the given application layer protocol
2. Explain function of the given FTP command.
3. Explain working of the Architecture of Electronic Mail.
4. Explain process of resolving the given host name into IP address using DNS.
5. Explain working of the given DHCP.

c) Outcomes in Affective Domain:

1. Implement Network layer Protocols.

2. Configure routing protocol in the given network situation.
3. Implement different Transport Layer Protocols.
4. Configure various Application Layer Protocols

9.0 Application of this Micro-Project:

Efficiency. It's easier than configuring each node/host statically (manually), both initially and
then if/when the LAN topology ever changes and the host moves networks (e.g., laptops,
phones, etc.).

Simplicity. DHCP provides the ability to assign (and manage) more multiple parameters (is
more than just the host IP address), required parameters such as the subnet mask, and very
helpful (required for most needs) things like the default gateway, DNS servers (and domain
name).  Then there are optional things like TFTP servers and time (NTP) servers, log servers,
etc.
Security. DHCP provides an audit trail for who (what MAC and client-ID) had an IP address
at what time.  It can also be used in a security context, where a router may require a host
within a subnet to have obtained it's IP via DHCP, else it will deny/block it.

Name & Signature of Course Teacher

(Prof.O.K.Wadne)
 Annexure – IV

Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student: Saba shaikh Enrollment No: 2007110448
Name of Program: Information Technology. Semester: V
Course Title: Advance Computer Network Course Code: 22520
Title of Micro Project: Setup Static & Dynamic DHCP Server

Learning Outcomes Achieved:

1. Implement Network layer Protocol
2. Configure IPv6 Network
3. Choose routing protocols
4. Implement different transport layer protocols
5. Configure various applications layer protocols

Poor Average Good Excellent

Sr Sub
Characteristic to be Assessed Marks Marks Marks Marks
No Total
(1-3) (4-5) (6-8) (9-10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (6 Marks)
1 Relevance to the Course
2 Literature Review/Information Collection
3 Completion of the Target as per Project Proposal
4 Analysis of Data & Representation
5 Quality of Prototype/Model
6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva (4 Marks)
7 Presentation
8 Viva

(A) (B)
Total Marks
Process and Product Assessment Individual Presentation/Viva
(10 Marks)
(6 Marks) (4 Marks)

Comments/Suggestions about Teamwork/Leadership/Inter-personal

Communication (if any)
…………………………………..………………………………………………………………
Name & Designation of Course Teacher: Lecturer
Dated Signature:
 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education

Certificate

This is to certify that Ms. saba shaikh with Roll No-43 has successfully completed Micro-
project in course Advance computer Network (22520) for the academic year 2022-2023 as
prescribed in the 'Assessment Manual' during her tenure of completing Fifth Semester of
Diploma Programme in Information Technology from institute, Jayawantrao Sawant
Polytechnic with institute code 0711.

Place: pune Enrollment No: 2007110448

Date: 12/12/2022 Exam Seat No:

Course Teacher Head of the Department Head of the

Institute