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ERGONOMICALLY DESIGNED
SMART TABLE

IE 425L-3 – ERGONOMICS

Submitted by:

Cuarte, Mica E.
Flaminiano, Mikhaela Franczesca C.
Miguel, Trina Faith V.

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering

Submitted to the College of Engineering

Industrial Engineering Section

Submitted to:

WILLIE C. BUCLATIN
Instructor/Professor

May 18, 2019

IE 425L-3 – ERGONOMICS
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Name of Student(s): Cuarte, Mica E.

Flaminiano, Mikhaela Franczesca C.
Miguel, Trina Faith V.
Student Number(s): 14-0460-549
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Title: Ergonomically Designed Smart Table
Program, Year, and Section: BSIE, 4th yr.,

RUBRIC FOR ERGONOMICALLY DESIGNED PROJECT

Highly Below Satisfactory Not Score
Criteria Exceptional (5)
Satisfactory (4)
Satisfactory (3)
(2) Satisfactory (1)

CONTENT:
RESEARCH Research Project has Research Project has
PROJECT Research Project has
contribution to new
innovation and can Research Project has Research Project has some very little or
branch out to new innovation significant Improvement insignificant
STUDY TOPIC knowledge
topics improvement
(4)

Well written and Inappropriate

ORIGINALITY AND conveys a sense of the
Conveys a sense of the
Written correctly, but The material is mostly summary, e,g. fails
full report concisely has missed out to relevant, but has been set out completely to
CLARITYOF THE and effectively.
full report concisely
incorporate some part in a confused or disorganized adequately and
and effectively.
TOPIC Evidences of Patent of the report. way. accurately summarize
search was provided. the study.
(1)

Complete & well-

written; provides Well-written and
The case analysis
ENGINEEERING concise, specific, and provides concise,
provides concise, There is engineering
The engineering
measurable specific, and priniciples needs
PRINCIPLES engineering measurable,
specific, and priniciples, but still missing
major information
measurable, some major points.
(4) priniciples. Evidences engineering
engineering principles.
and/or is incorrect.
of Patent search was priniciples.
provided.
Complete & well-
Well-written and Provides specific,
written; specific,
specific, measurable, measurable, The objectives need
measurable, Insufficient objectives were
achievable, relevant, achievable, relevant, improvement and/or
achievable, relevant, included in the analysis.
OBJECTIVES OF and time-related
and time-related and time-related
S -pecific
incorrect.
objectives. objectives. S -pecific
THE STUDY objectives.
S -pecific S -pecific
M-easurable
M-easurable
S -pecific A-ttainable
(3) M-easurable
M-easurable
A-ttainable
M-easurable
A-ttainable
R-esults oriented
A-ttainable
R-esults oriented
A-ttainable T-ime bound
. R-esults oriented
R-esults oriented R-esults oriented T-ime bound
T-ime bound T-ime bound
T-ime bound
DESIGN OF
MULTIPLE Very concise and clear
design criteria, scope
Complete design
criteria, scope or
Minimal design
criteria, incomplete in
Poor design criteria or
No design criteria and
specifications of
CONSTRAINTS or constraints constraints scope or constraints
constraints
design
(3)
Shows sufficient and
complete, realistic,
appropriate and
insightful
RECOMMENDATIO recommendations.
Shows sufficient,
Provides appropriate The case provide The recommendations
realistic, appropriate
NS (1) Evidences of
and insightful
and insightful recommendations but has need improvement
successful and actual recommendations. insufficient bases. and/or incorrect.
recommendations.
implementation,
sustainable
development of the
project was provided.
Effectively presents
how the objectives
were formulated and
attained & the purpose
of the project.
Objectives were Objectives were not
CONCLUSION (1) Convincingly Effectively presents
formulated well but Objectives were poorly attained. Conclusions
describes what has how the objectives
the justifications if formulated, and conclusions were not well written.
been learned by doing were formulated and
they have been written did not correspond Learnings from the
the project. attained, and the
attained were not accordingly. activity were not
Evidences of purpose of the project.
written profoundly. documented as well.
successful and actual
implementation,
sustainable
development of the
project was provided.

FORM: (How the substance is presented)

Report was unclear
Sufficient findings are
The report presents The report presents and not directing to
well-written although Insufficient/unsupporting
CLARITY OF verbal findings clearly verbal findings clearly.
details supporting the explanations were included.
the main point of the
and with sufficient Clear and straight to activity. The manner
WRITING (1) support. Clear and the point, written in
results are not existent. Not written in the manner
of writing was not at
Written in the form required.
straight to the point, the form required all related to the form
required.
required.
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VISUAL Visuals were clearly Visuals were present, The visual representations No visuals (graphs,
Visuals were clearly
APPEARANCE & and accurately
presented.
but explanations to were lacking with necessary figures, tables, etc.)
presented. support were missing. details. were presented.
FORMATTING (1)
GRAMMATICAL Grammar needs
Grammar was correct, improvement,
CORRECTNESS OF All grammar and
spelling are correct
Grammar and spelling but the report has
There were some errors in
the grammar and spelling of
inappropriate
SENTENCES (1) and very well-written.
are correct. some typographical
errors.
the submitted report.
terms/words were
used, and there were
also spelling errors.

TOTAL SCORE

Comment/s:

WILLIE C. BUCLATIN May 18, 2019

Name of Faculty & Signature Date

Table of contents
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INTRODUCTION

The most important things within the office premises are the types of office
furniture that are available, especially office tables and chairs. A worktable is type of
tables designed for a specific task or activity; it has different sections for
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holding working materials and implements. Worktables have a huge importance in

a daily life of a worker especially when you are working in long hours.

The researchers aim to design a smart ergonomic worktable for the office
workers from different fields that have experienced a discomfort due to the
incompatibility and improper sitting and standing position that causes different health
problems. The ergonomic table with a control button powered by electromechanical
device that adjust to the users standing and sitting position. Any study on the effect of
such factors on productivity can potentially benefit to the workers in different
companies. The researchers used anthropometric measurements based on Asian
standard height in designing the ergo-table that will function both in sitting and
standing position. This table will allow the workers to work more comfortably and it
also reduces fatigues both in arms and legs because of the reach adjustment.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Design of worktable without using of application of proper measurements nor

not ergonomically designed could cause a health problem for office workers;
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therefore, worktable users encountering ergonomic challenges could affect their

health and job productively.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Generally, the study aims to build an ergonomically smart worktable that is fit
and compatible for office workers that have experienced health problems due to being
exposed from sitting and standing because of long hours of work that causes back
pain and stress which may lead to poor performance and productivity of the worker.
Specifically, to apply the ergonomically principles and computation to the study.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Proper Height for Standing Desks

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The following articles show that ergonomic is a big factor in scientific

discipline that is considered in improving health, safety and comfort of people. The
researchers can use these as a reference for the design and development of ergonomic
smart workstation.
Indian Industry conducted a research which discussed the vital role of
ergonomics to improve health and productivity at workplace and in last two decades it
finds importance to redesign workplace. The study had taken initiative to redesign
their workplace to overcome various musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and work-
related injuries. In the context, the project has been carried out in an integrated steel
plant located in central India where most of the crane operator was continuously
suffering from muscular pain in different body parts. Risk of MSD was identified by
detailed questionnaire from 27 crane operator. It was revealed that almost all crane
operators were continuously suffering from some kind of MSD. Based on the
anthropometric data of 50 percentile Indian male, ergonomic assessment, redesign and
evaluation of crane cabin was carried out in CATIA-V5 software. To check the
compatibility of the design, rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) for both existing as
well as modified crane cabin was performed. The research shows that intervention of
ergonomics in workplace reduces the mismatch between man and machine and makes
workplace comfortable for work.
Kelly (2014) who wrote the article “Proper height for standing desks”
explained that the standing desk height should be in line with the height of the elbow.
This means that the elbow should be positioned at 90 degrees angle parallel to the
floor. The distance between the floor and the elbow is the proper height for which the
standing desk to be built.

This study will help the researchers to focus on the health of the employees
through the proposed output that can help the researchers to give attention to MSDs
among office workers and designing effective preventive interventions.
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Smart Chair for Monitoring of Sitting Behavior

Mengjie Huang, et.al (2017) discussed that the poor sitting postures can link to
pains and other complications for people in literature. In order to avoid the adverse
effects of poor sitting behavior the study entitled “Smart chair for monitoring of
sitting behavior” developed a highly practical design of smart chair system which is
able to monitor the sitting behavior of human body accurately and non-invasively.
The pressure patterns of eight standardized sitting postures of human subjects were
acquired and transmitted to the computer for the automatic sitting posture recognition
with the application of artificial neural network classifier. The experimental results
showed that it can recognize eight sitting postures of human subjects with high
accuracy. The sitting posture monitoring in the developed smart chair system can help
or promote people to achieve and maintain healthy sitting behavior and prevent or
reduce the chronic disease caused by poor sitting behaviour.

This article will help the researchers to improve the proposed output to
develop a smart ergonomic chair system to monitor the sitting behavior of human
body and help in advocating better sitting habits of users.

An Ergonomic Assessment of Operating Table and Surgical Stool Heights for

Seated Otolaryngology Procedures

Anam Azimuddin, et.al (2017) explained that the musculoskeletal injuries,

such as neck and back pain, during a surgeon's career are common. In the study, on
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ergonomics are limited with regard to seated otolaryngologic procedures. Key

elements of an ergonomic operating environment include the height of operating
tables and surgical chairs. Surgeons benefit from proper support and positioning to
prevent musculoskeletal injuries and reduce occupational risk. Ergonomic insight will
allow head and neck surgeons to make informed decisions and arrangements in their
surgical environment to reduce physical strain and prevent occupational injuries.

This article can help the researchers as a reference to evaluate operating table
and seat heights to determine the proper posture of the users to reduced physical
fatigue and create potentially safer working place in the industry.

The Capacitive Chair

Andreas Braun, et.al (2015) discussed that the most notably lower back pain
is a major risk factor that causes considerable economic impact in many western
countries, supporting the office worker by providing more ergonomic seating, as well
as encouraging physical exercise in the office can alleviate some of this impact. The
conducted study entitled “The Capacitive Chair” this office chair is equipped with
eight capacitive proximity sensors that are able to detect body posture, respiratory rate
and work activities. In order to detect a high number of poses, the electrodes have to
be applied on the chair in a suitable layout. This thread electrode reacts to both
presence and geometric deformation, which makes it suitable to detect subtle
movements, such as respiration. A number of capacitive proximity sensors are
integrated into a regular office chair and can sense various physiological parameters,
ranging from pose to activity levels or breathing rate recognition.

This article will guide the researchers to focus in the activity recognition and
the recognition rate of the different poses throughout the sense various physiological
parameters, ranging from pose to activity levels and rate recognition. To evaluate the
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suitable sensor layouts and processing methods that enable detecting activity levels
and different postures.

Anthropometric measurements among four Asian countries in designing sitting

and standing workstations

Nurul I. Rahman, et.al (2018) conducted a study entitled “Anthropometric

measurements among four Asian countries in designing sitting and standing
workstations” tells that the poorly designed workstations contribute to various
complications such as visual problems, muscle aches and pains, repetitive trauma
injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome and job stresses. Numerous efforts have been
made to establish anthropometric database of various population groups, such as
students, civilian, workers and military recruits. These anthropometric data are
utilized by the manufacturing community as a guideline in designing products for the
global market. Availability of country-specific anthropometric database allows the
product to be designed ergonomically to fit the population of specific countries.
Ethnic diversity, which is more prominent among races rather than nations, is an
important factor that influences anthropometric data. Furthermore, the same race
coming from different nations may exhibit dissimilarity in body sizes due to
variations in social and economic environments. It was suggested by Pheasant that the
variations in body dimensions of population groups can be highlighted in terms of the
overall body size and bodily proportions.

This article will help as a reference to the researchers to improve the smart
ergonomic workstation of the industrial environment particularly in the developing
countries. And to figure out the anthropometric dimensions for sitting and standing
postures to develop the differences body dimension based on the anthropometric
measurements that can be used to design workstation ergonomically.
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A Trend Analysis of Dynamic Chair and Applied Technology

J. Hyeong, et.al (2014) conducted a study entitled “A Trend Analysis of

Dynamic Chair and Applied Technology” discussed that the effects of changing
posture on the human body have been studied to find out healthy sitting postures. It is
believed that changing posture is effective in reducing disc pressure on spinal cord
and preventing back pain and musculoskeletal disease. But, the definition of DS and
trends of DC have not been researched yet. The observed altered chair motion was
associated with only small differences in trunk muscle activation levels for sitting on
the dynamic chair compared to the static chair. In addition to the study, not only
office tasks but also tasks transitions were investigated, and it was seen that there are
more changes in trunk muscle activation levels during these task transitions than for
the individual tasks. Hence, investigating task transitions might be more sensitive in
assessing effects of dynamic chairs on muscle activation.

This article will help the researchers to find out more about the ergonomic
chair that will guide the researcher in their project. The dynamic chair measures the
map of the chair’s seat pad and backrest and classifies the user’s posture. This chair is
built with aim of producing an office chair that is capable of detecting the user posture
and also detecting the incorrect posture adoption over a long period of time.

DISCUSSION
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SUMMARY

In this study the researchers goal is to design a smart ergonomic worktable

that can help to the people who’s working, specifically in the office from different
fields, by the used of anthropometric measurements it measured the height of the
different Asian People and in designing the ergo-table that will function both in sitting
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and standing position also the researchers gathered some of the Review of Related
Literatures (rrl) that is related to the study, To gain a knowledge and strategy to
improve the Smart Ergonomic Table and of course, The main reasons are first is to
make the study possible and second is to achieve the obejctives of the study and lastly
is to make sure that People will surely benefit to the outcome of the study.

CONLUSION

The study is about the Smart Erogonomic Worktable that is fit and
compatible for office workers that experiencing health problems. The rrl’s that the
researchers gathered, helped and used as a guide to make the study work and possible
and by the help of the ergonomically principles and computation . The strength of this
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study is the people works in the office that is experiencing health problems will be the
one who will benefit the Smart Ergonomic Worktable. The weakness is the height
differences of the Men and Women, that the Future workers can analyze and continue
to work on in the remaining problems of this study.

REFERENCES

Jeffrey Kelly, (2014), Proper height for standing desks

https://www.notsitting.com/proper-height/
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Mengjie Huang, Ian Gibson and Rui Yang, (2017), Smart chair for monitoring of
sitting behavior
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/78c1/
b7727d17eb7f764725a451b39e5ebd0a4d18.pdf?
_ga=2.240676096.2008398854.1555499746-2015319031.1555499746

Anam Azimuddin, et.al, (2017), An Ergonomic Assessment of Operating Table and

Surgical Stool Heights for Seated Otolaryngology Procedures
https://www.journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.2500/ar.2017.8.0215

Andreas Braun, Sebastian Frank and Reiner Wichert, (2015), The Capacitive Chair
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-20804-6_36

Nurul Izzah Abd Rahman, Siti Zawiah MD Dawal, Nukman Yusoff and Nabilla Sofia
Mohd Kamil (2018), Anthropometric measurements among four Asian countries in
designing sitting and standing workstations
https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/sadh/043/01/0010

Joon-Ho Hyeong, Jong-Ryun Roh, Seong-Bin Park, Sayup Kim, and Kyung-Ryul
Chung, (2014), A Trend Analysis of Dynamic Chair and Applied Technology
http://www.citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.923.6743&rep=rep1&type=pdf