INTRODUCTION TO SPREADSHEET APPLICATION

A spreadsheet is a computer application for organization, analysis, and storage of data in tabular form. Spreadsheets were
developed as computerized analogs of paper accounting worksheets.[4] The program operates on data entered in cells of a table.
Each cell may contain either numeric or text data, or the results of formulas that automatically calculate and display a value based
on the contents of other cells. A spreadsheet may also refer to one such electronic document.

A spreadsheet consists of a table of cells arranged into rows and columns and referred to by the X and Y locations. X locations, the
columns, are normally represented by letters, "A," "B," "C," etc., while rows are normally represented by numbers, 1, 2, 3, etc. A
single cell can be referred to by addressing its row and column, "C10". This electronic concept of cell references was first
introduced in LANPAR (Language for Programming Arrays at Random) (co-invented by Rene Pardo and Remy Landau) and a
variant used in VisiCalc and known as "A1 notation". Additionally, spreadsheets have the concept of a range, a group of cells,
normally contiguous. For instance, one can refer to the first ten cells in the first column with the range "A1:A10". LANPAR
innovated forward referencing/natural order calculation which didn't re-appear until Lotus 123 and Microsoft's MultiPlan Version
2.
 EXAMPLES OF SPREADSHEETS INCLUDE;
❖ QUIP

❖ ZOHO SHEETS

❖ LIBREOFFICE

❖ STACKBY

❖ GS-CALC

❖ OPEN OFFICE

❖ VISICALC
A TYPICAL PICTURE MODEL OF A SPREADSHEET
TYPES OF SPREADSHEET PACKAGES
Some of the spreadsheet packages includes;
❖ MICROSOFT EXCEL

❖ APPLE NUMBERS

❖ GOOGLE SHEETS

❖ SEA TABLE

❖ LOTUS SYMPHONY

❖ QUATTRO PRO
MORE OF THE PACKAGES INCLUDE;
❑ QUIP

❑ ZOHO SHEETS

❑ LIBREOFFICE

❑ STACKBY

❑ GS-CALC

❑ OPEN OFFICE

❑ VISICALC
 SPREADSHEET PACKAGES

▪ APACHE OPENOFFICE CALC

▪ AIRTABLE

▪ SEA TABLE

▪ LOTUS 1-2-3

▪ GNUMERIC

▪ CALLIGRA SHHETS
TERMINOLOGIES ASSOCIATED WITH MICROSOFT EXCEL APPLICATION
Some Terminologies associated with Microsoft excel include;
1. WORKBOOK:
The workbook refers to an Excel spreadsheet file. The workbook houses all of the data that you have
entered and allows you to sort or calculate the results. A workbook that is available to be viewed and
edited by multiple users on a network is known as a Shared Workbook. THAT IS, A workbook is a
container that contains multiple worksheets.

2. WORKSHEET:
Within the workbook is where you'll find documents called worksheets. Also known as spreadsheets,
you can have multiple worksheets nestled in a workbook. Tabs at the bottom of the of the screen will
indicate which of your worksheets you are currently working on. This is also known as an active
worksheet or active sheet. A worksheet is therefore a container that contains multiple rows and
columns.
3 .CELL
An intersection point, where a row is intersected by a column is called a Cell. . A cell is a rectangle or block housed in a
worksheet. Any data that you want to enter into your worksheet must be placed in a cell. Cells can be color coded, display text,
numbers and the results of calculations, based on what you want to accomplish. An Active Cell is one that is currently opened for
editing.

4. CELL REFERENCE:
A cell reference is a set of coordinates that identifies a specific cell. It's a combination of letters and numbers. cell reference is the
name of the cell that is found by combining the Column Letter with the Row Number. For example the cell in Column "C" in Row
"3" would be cell C3.

5 .ROWS:
Rows are lines that run horizontally in a spreadsheet application. Rows run horizontally on the spreadsheet screen. An Excel
spreadsheet contains 16,384 rows which are labeled numerically.
6. RANGE:
A range is a group of cells in a spreadsheet that have been selected. If the cells are all together in a rectangular or square shape, it
is an adjacent range. An adjacent range is identified by the cell reference in the upper left and lower right corners of the selection
separated by a colon. (Example: A3:B5). In this example, the range would include all cells in the rectangular area formed by
beginning the highlighting in cell A3 and dragging down to B5. You can consider the colon as the word "through". In this case, the
range would include cells A3 through B5.

7. FORMULA:
A formula is a spreadsheet data type that will calculate a result and display it in the active cell. A formula is written using cell
references and must begin with an equal sign "=" to distinguish it from a label. An example of a formula would be:
=A3+C3 which would take whatever value was entered into cell A3 and add it to the value that was typed into C3. After typing the
formula and pressing the Enter key, the resulting value will be displayed.

8. MERGED CELL:
When two or more cells are combined, it's become what is known as a merged cell. That is,a combination of two or more cells is
kmown as a merged cell.
9. F0RMULA BAR:
The formula bar appears directly above the column headings of a spreadsheet and will display what has been typed into
the active cell. For example, if you click on a cell that contains the formula =A3+C3, the cell itself will show the result of
the formula. The formula bar, however, will display what has actually been typed into the cell which, in this case, is
=A3+C3.

10. ACTIVE CELL:

active cell is the cell in the spreadsheet that is currently selected for data entry. You can change which cell is the active
cell by clicking the left mouse button once or using the arrow keys on the keyboard. The current active cell can be
identified as being the one that has a darker black border around it. Also, the active cell reference is listed in the Name
Box directly above the spreadsheet's column headings.