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H-1 Prehistoric
H-1 Prehistoric
H-1 Prehistoric
LECTURE 1
L E C T U R E P R E PA R E D B Y : A R . S WAT I A G R AWA L
WHAT IS HISTORY?
THE STUDY OF PAST EVENTS
•STONE AGE
o PALEOLITHIC (OLD STONE AGE )- Appeared first in Africa and are
marked by the steady development of stone tools
o MESOLITHIC (MIDDLE STONE AGE )- Period of the stone age
intermediate between the paleolithic and the Neolithic periods,
characterized by adaptation to hunting, collecting, and fishing
economy based on the use of forest, lakeside, and seashore
environments.
o NEOLITHIC (NEW STONE AGE) - Characterized by the
development of agriculture and the making of polished
stone implements.
•BRONZE AGE
•IRON AGE
PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC CULTURE
•NEOLITHIC: The “new” stone age (8,000 – 2300 BC), which marked
the beginnings of monumental (extremely large) architecture
MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC 75,000-35,000 BP
Bread oven
Metal smelter
JERICHO:
THE OLDEST DISCOVERED VILLAGE
JERICHO’S WALLS
• Sometime after the
founding of the town, a
wall was built around it,
enclosing ca. 10 acres.
• The wall itself was 6.5 feet
thick and is preserved to a
height of almost 20 feet.
• This is the earliest known
fortification in the world.
COMAPARATIVE CHART OF PALEOLITHIC & NEOLOITHIC PERIOD
FOOD
SHELTER
CLOTHING
TOOLS
Menhir: single standing stone
•Dolmen: Three
or more upright
stones with a
capstone, an
artificial cave
Henge: circular or
oval enclosure
made of the
earth ditch and
bank, usually
with one or more
entrances
Giant’s Ring, County Down, Ireland
PREHISTORIC STRUCTURE
3- TUMULI OR BURIAL MOUNDS
WERE PROBABLY PROTOTYPES OF THE PYRAMIDS IN EGYPT AND
OF THE BEEHIVE HUTS IN WALES, CORNWALL, SCOTLAND , AND
IRELAND.
PREHISTORIC STRUCTURE
4- LAKE DWELLINGS:
CONSISTED OF WOODEN HUTS BUILT ON PILES IN THE WATER
FOR PROTECTION AGAINST ATTACK
STONEHENGE
•STONEHENGE, ENGLAND (2800 – 1500 BC)
•NEOLITHIC ARCHITECTURE
•POST AND LINTEL CONSTRUCTION
•MEGALITHS ARE 21 TO 24 FEET TALL, INCLUDING HEIGHT OF
LINTEL, AND BURIED FOUR FEET IN THE GROUND
•SOLAR AND LUNAR ORIENTATION
•CIRCLE OF MEGALITHS EMBRACE STRUCTURE, ENCLOSING IT