3.6.

Caùc ñònh lyù cô baûn cuûa maïch ñieän

� Caùc ñònh lyù trình baøy ôû ñaây chæ duøng cho maïch tuyeán tính:

• Maïch ñieän trôû (maïch DC) .

• Maïch phöùc

ECA-Ch3.6 Circuit Theorems 1

 3.6.1 Nguyeân lyù tæ leä (proportionality)

� Phaùt bieåu: Neáu caùc taùc ñoäng thay ñoåi k laàn :

⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
F1 , F 2 ,� , F s k F1 , k F 2 , � , k F s
Thì caùc ñaùp öùng cuõng thay ñoåi k laàn :
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
X 1 , X 2 ,� , X s k X1 , k X 2 ,� , k X s

� Tröôøng hôïp ñaëc bieät: s = 1 & maïch hình thang (ladder network)

ECA-Ch3.6 Circuit Theorems 2

 �Example1: Linearity Property

By assume Io = 1 A, use linearity to find the

actual value of Io in the circuit shown below.

*Refer to in-class illustration, text book, answer Io = 3A

ECA-Ch3.6 Circuit Theorems 3
 3.6.2 Ñònh lyù xeáp choàng (superposition):

a) Phaùt bieåu :
Ñaùp öùng gaây ra bôûi s nguoàn ñoäc laäp seõ baèng toång caùc
ñaùp öùng gaây ra bôûi töøng nguoàn ñoäc laäp trong maïch .
⋅ ⋅ ⋅
X k = X k1 + � + X ks
⋅ ⋅ ⋅
Xki = Cki Fi : Ñaùp öùng rieâng cuûa F i khi trieät tieâu caùc taùc ñoäng
ñoäc laäp khaùc.

ECA-Ch3.6 Circuit Theorems 4

 � Trieät tieâu nguoàn ñoäc laäp :

i. Nguoàn aùp: boû ñi vaø ngaén maïch.

Maïch Maïch

ii. Nguoàn doøng: boû ñi vaø cho hôû maïch.

Maïch Maïch

ECA-Ch3.6 Circuit Theorems 5

 � Example :

� Use superposition to find vx in

the circuit below.

2A is discarded by
open-circuit 10V is discarded
Dependant source
by short-circuit
keep unchanged
20 Ω v2
20 Ω v1

+ 4Ω 0.1v1 2A
10 V 4Ω 0.1v2
−

(b)
(a)

*Refer to in-class illustration, text book, answer Vx = 12.5V

ECA-Ch3.6 Circuit Theorems 6
 b) ÖÙng duïng ñònh lyù xeáp choàng :

� phaïm vi söû duïng raát roäng , vaø ñieån hình cho maïch tuyeán tính.

� Laø phöông phaùp duy nhaát cho caùc loaïi baøi toaùn.

i. Maïch coù caû nguoàn DC vaø AC.

ii. Maïch coù nhieàu nguoàn AC khaùc taàn soá (nhieàu haøi (harmonic)).

ECA-Ch3.6 Circuit Theorems 7

 c) Ñònh lyù xeáp choàng coâng suaát :

� Neáu s nguoàn taùc ñoäng ñoäc laäp coù taàn soá khaùc nhau thì coâng
suaát cuûa 1 nhaùnh baát kyø trong maïch cuõng coù tính xeáp choàng.

P = PD C + ∑P h a rm o n ic

ECA-Ch3.6 Circuit Theorems 8