GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, NANDED

MICRO PROJECT

Academic Year: 2022-2023

TITLE OF THE PROJECT

SINGLE PHASE PREVENTER

Program: Electrical Engg.
Course : SAP Course Code : 22524
Name of Guide: Prof. P. S. Linge sir
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr./Ms. Roll No. CHITKALWAR ATHARV DATTATRAY,
RENGUNTWAR ATHARVA PRAKASHRAO, KADAM SHUBHAM UMAKANT,

LATPATE CHANDRASHEKHAR LAXMAN of 5th Semester of Diploma in Electrical

Engineering of Institute, GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, NANDED has completed the
Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject- SAP (22524) for the academic year 2022-23 as
prescribed in the curriculum.

Place : Nanded Exam Seat No : 308750,308716,308763,308767

Date : 14/12/2022

1430 CHITKALWAR ATHARV DATTATRAY -308750

1435 RENGUNTWAR ATHARVA PRAKASHRAO- 308716

1459 KADAM SHUBHAM UMAKANT- 308763

1454 LATPATE CHANDRASHEKHAR LAXMAN- 308767

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

P.S.Linge V. V. SARWADNYA Dr. G. V. GARJE
 ANEEXURE ll
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year : 2022 - 23. Name of the Faculty: Prof. P.S.Linge Sir
Course: SAP Course Code: 22524 Semester: 5th
Title of the Project: “ SINGLE PHASE PREVENTER”

Cos address by Micro Project:

A: Formulate grammatically correct sentences.
B: Give presentation by using audio visual aids.
C: communication skillfully.
D: write reports using correct guidelines.

Major learning outcomes achieved by the students by doing the project.

A Practical outcome:
1) Deliver presentation (seminar) effective.

(B) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain.

1) Prepare the points for computer presentation.

2) Make seminar presentation.

(C) Outcomes in affective domain:

1) Function as team member.
2) Follow Ethics.
3) Make proper use of computer and Internet.
Comment /suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

Roll No. Student Name Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for Total out
performance in group performance in of 10
activity oral/presentation
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9)
1430 CHITKALWAR ATHARV
DATTATRAY
1435 RENGUNTWAR
ATHARVA PRAKASHRAO
1459 KADAM SHUBHAM
UMAKANT
1454 LATPATE
CHANDRASHEKHAR
LAXMAN

(Signature of Faculty)
 WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT

TITLE OF THE MICRO PROJECT:-

“ SINGLE PHASE PREVENTER’’

WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF DATE

GUIDE
1st Discussion and finalization of Topic
2ND Discussion and finalization of Topic
3RD Preparation and submission of Abstract
4TH Literature Review
5TH Collection of Date
6TH Collection of Date
7TH Collection of Date
8TH Collection of Date
9TH Discussion and Outline of Content
10TH Formulation of Content
11TH Editing and 1st proof Reading of Content
12TH Editing and 2nd Reading of Content
13TH Compilation of Report and Presentation
14TH Seminar
15TH Viva-voce
16TH Final submission of Micro project

Sign of the Students Sign of the Faculty

1430 CHITKALWAR ATHARV DATTATRAY

1435 RENGUNTWAR ATHARVA PRAKASHRAO

1454 LATPATE CHANDRASHEKHAR LAXMAN

1459 KADAM SHUBHAM UMAKA

 Contente

Sr. Chapter/Title Page No.

No.
1. INTRODUCTION
2. AIM
3. COMPONENTS OF SINGLE
PHASING PREVENTOR
4. TRANSFORMER
5. RELAY (12 VDC)
6. DIODE (IN 4007)
7. CONNECTING WIRES ,BREAD
BOARD , RESISTOR
8. Circuit diagram
9. Working principle

10 Applications & Advantages

11 Disadvantages
 INTRODUCTION

In INDIA we all known that for operating heavy electrical loads three
phase power of AC is required in order to make the functioning efficient and
viable However this necessitates the presence of all the three phases at all
circumstance. If any of the phases fail, can cause catastrophic consequence to the
connected system. The following offers a simple yet effective solution for
tracking the above conditions. As discussed above, a three phase load such as and
industrial heavy motor will required the presence of all the three phase input AC
main phases for reliable and correct operations

If there's any discrepancy with the presence of input phases, the motor
might starts operating under heavily stressful and abnormal conditions this might
cause huge current consumption, beating of winding and ultimately running of
motor parts. If the single phasing fault occur while the motor is operating it will
continue to run because of torque produced by the remaining two phases which
is produced as per demand by load. It is well known that a three phase induction
motor will continue to operate when a disturbance of some sort causes the voltage
supplied to motor to become single phased single phasing can occur as result of
fuse blowing or a protective device planning on one phase of motor

The single phasing preventer cum high low and unbalanced-supply voltage
cutoff relay described here ensure complete safety for 3-phase machinery
generally, induction motor burn out due to excessive voltage during off hour, very
low voltage during peak hours, unequal phase voltage and single phasing
(missing of one phase completely from 3-phase supply). It is therefore essential
to install single phasing preventer in addition to the starter provide only overload
protection and therefore cannot prevent the motor from burning out under above-
stated conditions of supply voltage. But this preventer protects the motor by
stopping it automatically under such conditions.
 AIM

To prevent the three phase load from single phasing if the single phasing
fault occur while the motor is operating.it will continue to run because of torque
produced by the remaining Two phases which is produced as per demand by load

COMPONENTS OF SINGLE PHASING PREVENTOR

 TRANSFORMER

 RELAY ( 12V DC )

 DIODE (N4007)

 LED ( RED, GREEN , BLUE )

 CONNECTING WIRES

 BREAD BOARD

 RESISTORS ( 1K Ohm’s )
 TRANSFORMER

Fig. No. 3.1 TRANSFORMER

12-0-12 volt 500 mA Transformer :
It is a general purpose chassis mounting mains transformer.
Transformer has 240 V primary windings and centre tapped secondary
winding. The transformer has flying colored insulated connecting leads
(approx. 100 mm long). The Transformer act as step down transformer
reducing AC - 240V to AC - 12V.
The Transformer gives two outputs of 24V, 12V and 0V. The
Transformer's construction is written below with details of Solid Core
and Winding.
The transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy
by inductive coupling between its winding circuits. A varying current
in the primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the
transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic flux through the
secondary winding. This varying magnetic flux induces a varying
electromotive force (E.M.F) or voltage in the secondary winding. The
transformer has cores made of high permeability silicon steel. The steel
has a permeability many times that of free space and the core thus
serves to greatly reduce the magnetizing current and confine the flux to
a path which closely couples the windings.

Features of 12-0-12 500 mA Transformer.

 Soft Iron Core.
 2 Amp Current Drain.

Applications of 12-0-12 500 mA Transformer.

 DIY projects Requiring In-Application High current drain.
 On chassis AC/AC converter.
 Designing a battery Charger.
  RELAY (12 VDC):

Relay is a remote control electronic switch normally controlled

by another switch, computer or control module. Functioning as a
standard 12 volt replacement or addition for full voltage, these relays
are a great option for equipment existing in vehicles today. The
mounting bracket included with the relays allows for the relay to be
mounted directly to a vehicle or other electrical application.
These relays are an optimal solution for full voltage applications
on a variety of vehicle equipment including head lamps, auxiliary
lamps, fog horns, motors for fans, window lifters, air conditioners,
heated rear windows, and more. Choose from a 12V DC relay without
a resistor. Both are designed to deliver superior, long lasting
performance.
 Mechanical life - no load = 1,000,000 cycles at +85° C the N.O.
contacts will carry a continuous load of 50 amps.

 30/50 Amp 12V DC.

 Permissible ambient temperature: -40° C to 85° C.

 896H-1CH-D1-12VDC

 Relays are switches controlled by electrical power, like another

switch, computer or control module. The purpose of a relay is to
automate this power to switch electrical circuits on and off at
particular times. The real benefit behind a relay is more than
automation. They also provide the ability to switch multiple
circuits, including different voltage types, within the same relay
at the same time.

 12V DC relay switches are the best solution for full voltage
applications, as they allow a low current flow circuit to control a
high current flow circuit, like a vehicle's horn, headlights,
auxiliary lamps, fan motors, blower motors and countless pieces
of equipment existing on vehicles today.
DIODE (IN 4007):

Diodes are connected together in series to provide a constant

DC voltage across the diode combination. The output voltage
across the diodes remains constant in spite of changes in the
load current drawn from the series combination or changes in
the DC power supply voltage that feeds them.
CONNECTING WIRES :

Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel

from one point on a circuit to another because
electricity needs a medium through which it can move.
Most of the connecting wires are made up of copper or
aluminum.
 BREAD BOARD :

A breadboard, solderless breadboard, or protoboard is a

construction base used to build semi-permanent
prototypes of electronic circuits. Unlike a perfboard or
stripboard, breadboards do not require soldering or
destruction of tracks and are hence reusable.
RESISTORS ( 1K Ohm’s ) :

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component

that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current
flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active
elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other
uses.
Circuit diagram :
Working principle :

Refer to the image (right-side) above for reference. It generally has 8

terminals. 3 terminals are for 3-phase supply, 2 terminals are for
single-phase supply powering the relay device and 3 terminals are for
auxiliary contacts.

The device has many settings for timers and other control parameters
for accurately monitoring the phase sequence. The circuit inside
continuously monitors the unbalance phase sequence or abnormal
phase operation, and activates the relay output.

Corresponding logic is written in the PLC to sense the digital input

given from this relay and turn off all the outputs. This will disconnect
the motor or other field equipment from the three-phase supply and
protect it from damage.

Practically, there are many causes that result in phase failure.

Sometimes, the contactors of a motor may get open-circuited; or one
of the fuses of any three-phase supply gets blown or melts; or
the contactors are coated due to oxidation which will cause it to
become non-conducting, etc.

In any case, the wrong phase supply can damage the windings of the
motor and so, it is necessary to use this device to prevent any
untoward incident.
Applications :

1. over-voltage,
2. under-voltage,
3. over frequency,
4. under frequency,
5. asymmetry,
6. phase failure, etc.

Advantages :

There are many benefits to single-phase motors. For starters,

single-phase motors are less expensive to manufacture than
most other types of motors. Single-phase motors typically
require very little maintenance, don't often require repairs, and
when they do they are fairly easy to complete.
Disadvantages :

While single-phase motors are simple mechanics-wise,

this does not mean that they are perfect and nothing can
go wrong. On occasion they have been known to run
slow, overheat, or even fail to start, overheat or run slow.
If a shock is felt while touching the motor, there is a
problem with the motor that will need to be repaired
immediately.