5.

The recent developments have indicated

1 .- 1 6 . sorularda bo§ birakilan yerlere uygun dii§en that economies around the world
sdzcuk ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. may — higher inflation rates unless
they take effective measures.
A) do away with B) end up with
1. The spread o f the COVID-19 virus and the
C) cut down on D) come up with
associated econom ic dow nturn — vast
p olicy responses from m ost governments E) make up for
fo r the purpose o f taking immediate action.
A) deterred B) prompted A) O B) O C )Q D )Q E) O
C) contested D) validated
E) obstructed 6. Sneezing and coughing are tw o ways
the respiratory system uses to defend
the body from intake o f harmful — .
A) O B) O c ) 0 0 )0 E )Q
A) illnesses B) tasks
C) contents D) substances
2. In our modern life, the introduction o f new E) remedies
technologies and — boom in satellite television
have made the w orld a much sm aller place.
A) O B) O c j O D )Q E) O
A) uniform B) competent

C) vicious D) contagious
7. In Germany, the birth o f an ecological industrial
E) subsequent policy — back to W illy Brandt, the form er
chancellor and Nobel Peace Prize w inner who
A) O B) O c)Q 0 )O E )Q in 1961 — a blue sky over the Ruhr area.
A) was traced / have promised
B) traces / had promised
3. The — o f the m icrocom puter in the
1980s, the creation o f the Internet and C) can be traced / promised
the developm ent o f the W orld Wide Web
D) is traced / was promising
influenced all aspects o f modern society.
A) obsession B) argument E) will be traced / would promise

C) advent D) achievement
A) O B) O C )0 D )Q E) O
E) range

A) O B) O C )Q 0)O E) O 8. The use o f dynamical systems theory

as a fram ework fo r the consideration
o f development — in the early 1990s
and — into the present century.
C ognitive, emotional, and social capacities are
— intertw ined in the brain ju s t as physical and A) begins / continues
mental health are highly interrelated.
B) began / has continued
A) inextricably B) exclusively
C) had begun / continued
C) virtually D) unanimously
D) was beginning / had continued
E) temporarily E) has begun / will continue

A) O B) O c) Q 0)0 E) O A) O B) O c) O 0 )0 E) O
 9. U.N. officials in Serbia — this week that 7,000 13. World trade growth plunged unexpectedly
refugees are expected — from Macedonia in 2013 — the global econom y struggled
into southern Serbia in a 24-hour period under the influence of natural disasters.
between Tuesday and Wednesday.
A) although B) whatever
A) said / to be crossing
C) thus D) even so
B) have said / to cross
E) as
C) say / to have crossed
D) will say / to be crossed A) O B) O C )Q D )Q E) O
E) could say / crossing

A) O B) O c)Q D)Q E)Q

In dem ocratic political systems, parliaments
have a key role in representing the views
o f th eir electorate in the legislative process
and controlling the function — people.
10. An entrepreneurial sp irit and a green industrial
A) in response to
policy are vital — the success — renewable
energy and other green technologies. B) owing to
A) with / over B) upon / into C) as regards
C) for / amid D) to / of D) with reference to
E) in / for E) on behalf of

A) O B) O C )0 0 )O E )Q A) O B) O C )Q 0)O E) O

11. It is becoming increasingly clear that our — the remoteness o f ancient Greek civilization,
current economies, built — the exploitation the evidence about its econom y is m inimal
— fin ite resources and em ission-intensive and difficulties o f interpretation abound.
energy, are no longer sustainable.
A) Prior to B) Apart from
A) for / at B) with / into
C) Given D) As far as
C) as / without D) over / for
E) As well as
E) on / of
A) O B) O c)Q D )0 E) O
A) O B) O C )0 D )Q E) O

12. — Nigeria is identified as a country that -— a m ajor project to upgrade the train
actively engages w ith the concept o f a Green system, all trains from Haydarpa§a
Economy, it remains tied to its d irty oil industry. Station were stopped during 2014.
A) Although B) Unless A) Rather than B) In spite of
C) Since D) As long as C) As well as D) On behalf of
E) As if E) Due to

A) O B) O C )0 D )Q E) O A) O B) O C )0 D )Q E) O
 19.
17. - 21. sorularda, a§agidaki pargada
num aralandirilm if yerlere uygun du§en sozcuk ya A) have generated
da ifadeleri bulunuz. B) will generate
C) have to generate
Retailing is a major part of U.S. and world commerce. D) generate
Retail sales and employment are vital economic
E) generated
contributors, (17) — retail trends often mirror trends in
a nation’s overall economy. According to the Department
of Commerce, annual U.S. retail store sales (18) — $4 A) O B) O C )0 D )Q E )Q
trillion, representing one-third of the total economy.
Telephone and mail-order sales by non-store retailers,
vending machines, direct selling, and the Web (19)
— hundreds of billions of dollars in additional yearly
revenues. Moreover, personal consumption expenditures
(20) — financial, medical, legal, educational, and (21)
— services account for another several hundred billion
dollars in annual retail revenues. Outside the United
States, retail sales are several trillions of dollars per year.

20.
A) along B) besides
C) at D) into
E) on
17.
A) while B) and A) O B) O c)Q 0 )0 E )Q
C) but D) despite
E) however

A) O B) O c)Q 0 )0 E )0

18. 21.
A)exceeds B) accelerates A) another B) other
C) asserts D) estimates C) others D) the other
E) prolongs E) one another

A) O B) O c )Q D )Q E )Q A) O B) O c) 0 0 )0 E )Q
 22. - 26. sorularda, a§agidaki pargada 24.

numaralandirilmi§ yerlere uygun du§en sdzcuk ya A) over B) with

da ifadeleri bulunuz. C) ahead D) along
E)into
Europe is (22) — in a situation of continuous
economic and demographic growth. The decline or A) O B) O C)Q 0)0 E) O
disappearance of traditional manufacturing industries
has led to the loss of skilled manufacturing jobs (23)
— a mismatch between labour market supply and
demand. Currently, (24) — increasing immigration
and mobility, pressures on national welfare systems
and more vulnerable labour markets, European cities
(25) - - increasing social and economic polarisation,
both within and between them. The recent financial
and economic crisis whose negative effects have yet
to completely unfold has left many European cities in a
poor state, (26) — the polarisation process and putting
the European urban development model to the test.

25.
A) have faced
B) will face
C) will have faced

22. D) face

A) at least B) after all E) must face

C) sometimes D) no longer
A) O B) O C )0 0)0 E) O
E) therefore

A) O B) O c)Q D)Q E)Q

23. 26.

A) as well as B)because A) allocating B) enriching

C) thanks to D) despite C) withdrawing D) accelerating

E)even E) detecting

A) O B) O c)Q 0)0 E)Q A) O B) O C)0 D)0 E) O

 29. If all Americans below the poverty line
27. - 36. sorularda, verilen ciimleyi uygun §ekilde
tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
27. Because so many complex interactions
affect an individual’s income, — .
A) the incidence of poverty experience can
reasonably be explained in different ways
B) many developed countries have experienced a
rise in income inequality during the past three
decades
C) the persisting differences in poverty rates
between different groups could be eliminated
D) one of the results of this adverse situation is the
increase in divorce rates
E) an unskilled person is not likely to earn as much
as a university graduate
A) O B )Q 0 )0 0 )0 E )0
30. Just as health researchers focus
28. Although natural resources represent the main
component of Australia’s growth rate, — .
A) the relative contribution of the two components
would have declined from 51% to 49%
B) adoption of a population policy would bring
a greater degree of certainty to government
planning
C) long-term development policies would be far
from ensuring stability for the economy o f the
country
D) immigrants have also played a significant role in
both providing labor and economic mobility
E) the ageing population of the country slowed
down thanks to remarkable advances in
healthcare control
B) O E) O
A) O C )Q 0 )0
could be captured in a graphic, — .
A) more Americans lived below the poverty line than
at any time since 1959
B) the current scene would be different from that of
two decades ago.
C) the economic fortunes of children as a group
have worsened over the past two decades
D) wages and employment would have declined for
workers with no schooling or experience
E) the dominant economic metaphor for poverty in
the 1960s was a rising tide lifting all boat
A) O B )Q C )0 0 )0 E )0
on the importance of social factors
in health and disease, — .
A) a number of historians trace its development
from the early sixteenth to the late seventeenth
century
B) newspapers are transparent social constructions
because they obviously could not have existed
without societies
C) social scientists scrutinized how the rapidly
changing social circumstances were
transforming the generations
D) there are a number of physicians who claim
that the root of the illness is lack of adequate
exposure to sunlight
E) the history of science is full of great works that
have marked a turning point in the development
of knowledge
A) O B) O c )0 0 )0 E )0
31. Modern scholars believe that Homer’s
Odyssey and Iliad circulated for several
centuries in verbal tradition, — .
A) even though that the epics were composed
between 750 and 650 B.C
B) since the poem mainly centers on the Greek
hero Odysseus
C) until it was written down around 700 to 750 B.C.
with some marginal notes
D) in contrast Greek legends are viewed as
literature of military conquerors
E) indeed classical scholars treated the Iliad and
the Odyssey as written poetry
A) O B) o c )Q 0 )0 E) O
32. Experienced writers use a variety of sentences
to make their writing interesting and lively, — .
A) so that a written document would appeal to the
taste of a wide range of readers
B) because too many simple sentences sound
immature while too many long sentences are
hard to understand
C) while much of Jane Austen’s writing could be
said to be humorous
D) but the 18th-century novelists can be said to be
the spokesmen of the middle classes and wrote
to please them
E) just as novices fail to distinguish compound
sentences from complex sentences
A) O B) O 0 )0 0 )0 E )0
33. Local governments have begun to regulate
certain aspects of noise pollution, — .
A) in particular, municipalities failed to establish
standards that control the amount of light
B) just as modern office buildings have often failed
to allow efficient use of the light
C) although the emergence of great factories gave
rise to unprecedented air pollution
D) hence it seems that we will have more peaceful
cities in near future
E) since increasing garbage is one of the inevitable
consequences of pollution
A) O B) O C) O 0 ) 0 E )0
34. — , because ice sheets are commonly frozen
and the underlying rock does not move.
A) In the course of a lifetime, we see little or no
change in the physical features of our planet
B) The rocks at the core of the Appalachian
Mountains formed more than a billion years ago
C) The rocks that formed from coarse sediments,
such as pebbles and sand, are very hard
D) Plate tectonics is the main force of nature
responsible for the geologic history of North
America
E) Mountains in polar latitudes are the least
vulnerable to landslides
A) O B )Q c) O D )0 E )0
35. Although the cause is still unclear, — .
A) language use and perception of reality can
become altered due to the trauma
B) it is likely that people with schizophrenia have
abnormalities in brain structure
C) doctors avoid medication for this particular
illness
D) people with mental illnesses may benefit from
family support
E) there are many different categories of mental
disorders
A) O B) O c j O D )0 E )0
36. — >but the majority of assistance go to
farms with average incomes of $200,000.
A) The good news is that the current fiscal
problems have been overcome
B) Farmers are one disaster away from losing their
crops
C) Pesticides cause the loss of millions of dollars of
worth crop each year
D) Lawmakers would enact policies that are more
destructive to farmers
E) Farm subsidies are intended to alleviate farmer
poverty
A) O B )Q c) O 0 )0 E )0
 37. - 42. sorularda, verilen ingilizce cumlenin 38. Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe tarafindan
1719 yilinda ilk basimi yapilan ve bazilarinca ilk
Turkge’ye> Tiirkge cumlenin ingilizce’ye en yakin
ingilizce roman oiarak nitelendirilen kitaptir.
olanim bulunuz.
A) Robinson Crusoe is the book that was first
published in 1719 by Daniel Defoe and some
people characterize it as the first English novel.
37. Avusturya’li unlii ressam Gustav Klimt
18835e kadar mimari gizim galigtigi B) Robinson Crusoe is the first book that was first
Viyana Sanat ve El Sanatlari Okulu’nda published in 1719 by Daniel Defoe and it is
okurken yoksulluk iginde yagadi. characterized by some as the first English novel.
A) The well-known Australian painter Gustav Klimt C) Robinson Crusoe, which is the first book that
had money problems when he was attending the was published in 1719 by Daniel Defoe, is
Vienna School of Arts and Crafts and he studied described by some as the first English novel.
architectural painting there until 1883.
D) Robinson Crusoe is the book which was first
B) The reputed painter of Australia, Gustav Klimt, published in 1719 by Daniel Defoe and which is
lived in destitution while he was attending the characterized by some as the first English novel.
Vienna School of Arts and Crafts and there he
E) Having been first published in 1719 by Daniel
studied architectural painting until 1883.
Defoe, Robinson Crusoe is characterized by
C) Gustav Klimt, as a famous Australian painter, some as the first English novel.
suffered from poverty as he was attending the
Vienna School of Arts and Crafts and there he B) O
A) O c )Q D )0 E )0
studied architectural painting until 1883.
D) The famous Austrian painter Gustav Klimt lived
in poverty while attending the Vienna School of
Arts and Crafts, where he studied architectural
painting until 1883.
E) The Austrian painter Gustav Klimt suffered from
poverty when he was attending the Vienna
School of Arts and Crafts, where he studied
architectural painting until 1883.

39. Gogebe olan ve bu yiizden her an saldiri

A) O B) O C )0 0 )0 E )0 tehlikesiyle kargi kargiya bulunan
toplumlarda, kadinlar da erkekler
gibi savaggi oimak zorundaydi.
A) In nomadic societies which were always open to
danger, women and men alike had to be warriors
at the same time.
B) In human groups that were non-static and
as a result faced the threat of being attacked
constantly, women were supposed to be warriors
like men.
C) In nomadic groups that always ran the risk of
being attacked at any moment, both men and
women had to be warriors.
D) In societies that were nomadic and thus were
faced with the threat of attacks at any moment,
women also had to be warriors like men.

E) People who lived in nomadic groups and

therefore faced the danger of being attacked
at any moment had to bring up their women as
warriors like men.

A) O B) O C )0 0 )0 E) 0
 40. Our personalities can be likened to that of
an enormous iceberg, of which only the
tip is visible above the water level and the
rest of its huge mass is hidden beneath.
A) Kigiliklerimiz, ucu suyun iizerinde gorulebilen ve
geri kalam altta gizli olan buyuk bir buzdagina
benzemektedir.
B) Kigiliklerimiz, sadece ucu su seviyesinin
uzerinde gorulebilen ve geri kalam altta gizli olan
muazzam bir buzdagina benzetilebilir.
C) Muazzam bir buzdagi gibi, kigiliklerimizin bir
kismi suyun uzerinden gorulebilir ancak kalan
kismi buzdagi gibi altta gizlidir.
D) Benliklerimiz, buzdaglari gibi, su uzerinde
gorulebilen ve kalan kismi altta yatan
ozelliklerden olugmaktadir.
E) Kigiliklerimiz, yalmzca ucu su seviyesinde
gorulebilen ve geri kalam altta gizli olan
muazzam bir buzdagi gibidir.
A )Q B) O c )Q 0 )0 E )0
42. Recently, studies have revealed that antioxidants
found in various types of tea may decrease the
likelihood of contracting some chronic diseases.
A) Son zamanlarda yapilan gali§malara gore gay
tiirlerinde bulunan anti-oksidanlar bazi kronik
hastaliklara yakalanma riskini azaltmaktadir.
B) Qay turlerinde bulunan anti-oksidanlann bazi
kronik hastaliklara yakalanma riskini azalttigi son
zamanlarda yapilan galigmalarda kamtlanmigtir.
C) En son yapilan galigmalara gore gay turlerinde
bulunan anti-oksidanlann bazi kronik hastaliklara
yakalanma riskini azaltmaktadir.
D) Son zamanlarda galigmalar, gegitli gay turlerinde
bulunan anti-oksidanlarm bazi kronik hastaliklara
yakalanma riskini azaltabilecegini gostermigtir.
E) Guniimiizde yapilan galigmalara gore gay
turlerinde bulunan anti-oksidanlar bazi kronik
hastaliklara yakalanma riskini azaltmaktadir.
A) O B) O c )Q 0 )0 E )0

41. Turkey participated in the Eurovision

Song Contest for the first time in 1975,
but did not achieve any considerable
success until the late 1990s.
A) Eurovizyon garki yarigmasina ilk olarak 1975
yilinda katilan Tiirkiye, 1990’li yillara kadar gok
fazla bagari elde edememigtir.
B) 1975 yilinda Eurovizyon garki yarigmasina
katilmasmdan sonra Turkiye, buyuk bagarilari
1990’li yillarda elde etmi§tir.
C) Turkiye, Eurovizyon garki yarigmasina ilk
olarak 1975 yilinda katilmigtir ancak 1990’lerin
sonuna kadar kaydadeger bir bagari bagari elde
etmemigtir.
D) Turkiye, Eurovizyon garki yarigmasina ilk olarak
1975’te katilmigtir ve 1990’h yillara kadar gegen
surede gok fazla bagarisi olmamigtir.
E) Onemli ba§arilarim 1990’li yillarda elde eden
Turkiye, Eurovizyon §arki yari§masina ilk olarak
1975 senesinde katilmi§tir.

A) 0 B )Q C )0 0 )0 E )0

43. - 46. sorulari a§agida verilen pargaya gore
cevaplaymiz.
Stem cells have the potential to treat many diseases
and disorders where patient survival is reliant on
organ and tissue donation. Current devices, however,
fail to establish whether stem cells survive following
transplantation in the body and if they reach their target
site or migrate elsewhere. In order to track stem cells in
the body, scientists use iron oxide nanoparticles to ‘label’
the cells before they are administered into the patient.
These particles can be picked up by magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) scans and help scientists establish if
the stem cells reach their intended target. Conditions
within cells, however, can lead to the degradation of iron
oxide nanoparticles and reduce the ability of MRI scans
to pick up on their signal in the long-term. Scientists
at Liverpool are developing methods to visualize iron
oxide nanoparticles in the cells before they enter the
body to learn where the particles are going within the
stem ceil and help predict how they might perform
once they are inside the body over a long period. They
are using a photo-thermal technique, a unique optical
imaging system, to improve iron oxide nanoparticles
labeling so that particles survive for longer and have
minimal impact on the function of the transplanted cells.
44. We can understand from the passage that by
means of iron oxide nano-particles scientists —-.
A) try to detect stem cell clusters in the body in
order to take action on time
B) mark stem cells so that they can be followed
when they enter human body
C) attempt to provide better treatments for some
illnesses
D) try to find out the best locations to place stem
cells
E) try to understand how much harm has been
done to the infected organs in the body
A) O B) 0 c )Q 0 )0 E )0
45. As we can understand from the passage,
scientists at Liverpool use a photo-
thermal technique because — .
A) they want to ensure that particles endure longer
and do not hinder transplanted cells
B) previous imaging techniques fall short of
visualizing the iron oxide nano-particles
C) stem cells are not possible to track down with the
existing technology
D) human body fights nano particles back thinking
that they are microbes
E) existing technologies like magnetic resonance
imaging are not easy to use by medicals

A) 0 B) O c )Q D )0 E )0

43. As we can understand from the passage,

with the current technology, — .
A) it is impossible to track the routes stem cells
follow after they are transplanted into the body 46. Which of the following would be a
suitable title for the passage?
B) it is not easy to determine how many stem cells
are needed to cure certain illnesses A) How do stem cells work?

C) the viability of using stem cells in treating B) The importance of technology on the functioning
illnesses cannot be proven of stem cells

D) stem cells cannot be placed onto the necessary
organs during the transplantation
E) it is not possible to determine whether stem cells
live after the transplantation
C) Tracking stem cells in the body
D) The efficiency of stem cells in treating illnesses
E) The survival prospects of stem cells in the body

A) O B) O c )Q D )0 E )Q
A) O B) O C )Q 0 )0 E )0
 48.
47. - 50. sorulari a§agida verilen pargaya gore
cevaplaymiz.
The Industrial Revolution brought about a greater volume
and variety of factory-produced goods and raised the
standard of living for many people, particularly for the
middle and upper classes. However, life for the poor and
working classes continued to be filled with challenges.
Wages for unskilled workers who labored in factories
were low and working conditions could be dangerous
and monotonous. They also had little job security and
were easily replaceable. Children were part of the labor
force and often worked long hours and were used for
such highly hazardous tasks as cleaning the machinery.
In the early 1860s, an estimated one-fifth of the workers
in Britain’s textile industry were younger than 15.
Industrialization also meant that some craftspeople were
49.
replaced by machines. Additionally, urban, industrialized
areas were unable to cope with inadequate, overcrowded
housing and polluted, unsanitary living conditions
in which disease was rampant, which resulted from
the flow of arriving workers from the countryside.
Conditions for Britain’s working-class began to
gradually improve by the later part of the 19th century,
as the government instituted various labor reforms
and workers gained the right to form trade unions.
50. We learn from the passage that — .
47. As we can understand from the passage, the
conditions in the cities worsened because — .
A) most workers were concentrated in specific
places and polluted the areas they lived
B) housing was inadequate for the people who
flooded to cities
C) people living in urban areas were not able to
keep up with new changes
D) a lot of people flooded to the cities in the hope of
finding a job
E) the technology for the machinery to clean the
cities had not develop
A )0 B )Q C )Q D )0 E )0
It is stated in the passage that as a result of
the emergence of labor associations -—.
A) the cleaning problem of most cities was solved
B) most of the housing problems were solved
C) the age range of workers was raised to 18 from
15
D) middle and upper classes enjoyed the benefits
brought by the new laws
E) the conditions of the working class became
relatively better over time
A) 0 B) 0 C )Q 0 )0 E»0
In the passage, the author makes the point that
A) Britain’s textile industry employed almost half of
the unskilled workers of that time
B) people with no qualifications worked in
unfavorable conditions
C) most workers had to face difficult working
conditions because they were extremely poor
D) almost all unskilled workers were children who
were below the age of 15
E) skilled people called craftspeople used to work in
better conditions and earned more money
A) 0 B) O C) O D )0 E )0
A) the middle and upper class people benefitted
most from the changes’brought by the Industrial
Revolution
B) most of the changes brought about by the
Industrial Revolution were felt by the middle
class
C) all unfavorable conditions the Industrial
Revolution caused were resolved in a century
D) the regulations that were passed after the
Industrial Revolution had a positive consequence
on the working class
E) one of the industries that most benefitted from
the Industrial Revolution was the textile industry
in Britain
A) 0 B) O c)0 D )Q E JO
 52. It is clearly stated in the passage
51- - 54. sorulari a§agida verilen pargaya gore that Tom Jones as a novel — .
cevaplaym iz.
A) includes occasional references to the real life of
its author

B) was highly welcomed by society and received

Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones was written during a time
few negative remarks
when fiction as a literary form was just emerging.
Hence, there was a scope of much experimentation and C) was written at a time when novel as a genre was
newness. Fielding experimented a lot with the style, flourishing
characters, plot structure in Tom Jones, and for this his
D) was viewed by Richardson and Samuel Johnson
novel even received harsh criticism from literary experts
as a masterpiece
Richardson and Samuel Johnson. Nonetheless, it came
out as a huge success as masterpiece during its time. E) was written by Henry Fielding when he was
The plot of Tom Jones is not loose, and all the segments highly mature as a novelist
are carefully joined. The journey of moral growth of the
main protagonist, Tom, makes this a bildungsroman. A) O B) O 0 )0 0 )0 E )Q
Tom Jones has a unique narrative structure with mainly
the author butting in every now and then and giving his
comic yet responsible comments on almost everything
that occurs in the plot. The plot is symmetrically divided 53. It is possible to infer from the passage that
into three parts. Throughout the book, Tom is put into Bildungsrom an — .
serious trouble and, in fact, is about to be killed, but
A) is a type of novel that includes a lot
just in time everything is cleared and he is saved.
interconnected details
Even though there’s so much happening in the novel,
the readers don’t feel that the plot is not disorganized, B) covers occurrences that happen within a given
which reflects the mastery of Fielding’s technique. time period
C) mostly includes events that are taken from the
life of the author

D) includes frequent references to various historical

events

E) is a kind of novel that handles the life story of a

main character

A) O B) O C )Q 0 )0 E )Q

54. Henry Fielding’s skill as a novelist — .

51. It is stated in the passage that now A) arises from the fact that Tom Jones reflects all
th a t novel was a new genre — . the characteristics of its time

A) it was possible to create a huge number of B) stems from the fact that he uses a variety of
characters that go through similar experiences
varieties in plot by trial and error
C) is clearly understood from the fact that the plot
B) it was not possible to create well-organized
continues in a linear order and there are too
novels at short notice
many events
C) it is not surprising that the early novels like Tom
D) is clear from the fact that although there are too
Jones had simple plots
many occurrences in Tom Jones, they are not
D) it was widespread to criticize novels on the basis unrelated
of dryness E) was acknowledged by both Richardson and
E) there was a shortage of subject matters and Samuel Johnson
techniques that would help authors
A) O B) O c)Q 0)O E)Q
A) O B) O C )Q D )Q E )Q

55. - 58. sorulari a§agida verilen par$aya gore
cevaplayiniz.
Color perception is a fascinating series of physical
and chemical reactions. The whole process of color
perception takes place in the mind. The number of colors
an organism can distinguish can vary considerably.
Two types of cells in the eye are responsible for vision:
rods and cones. Both cells are located in the retina, and
they respond to light when it enters the eye. Rods are
highly light-sensitive while cones are sensitized to colors
of particular wavelength ranges. Humans have three
different types of cones sensitized to short, medium, and
long wavelengths. Organisms with three types of cones
are known as trichromatic, and other animals may have
two types of cones, while others have up to five. Until
2000, researchers assumed that the number of cones in
the eye was roughly the same for all people, and that all
people had the same numbers of different types of cones.
However, with advanced technology, researchers learned
that people actually have very irregular distributions
of cones. People would perceive color in the same
way, which strongly suggests that the key aspects of
color perception happen in the brain, not the eye.
55. We learn from the passage that
co lo r perception — .
A) mainly depends on perceiving the wavelengths
of light
B) is one of the most important revolutionary
developments for humans
C) fundamentally takes place in the eye and the
brain has no function
D) is realized by different cells and organs in
animals
E) is a cognitive process undertaken by special
cells in the eye
A) O B) O C)Q D)Q E)Q
56. One can gather from the passage that
until the turn o f the 21st century,
A) it was assumed that cones were not in fact
actual cells that rendered people to see in color
B) it was known that better technological devices
were needed to understand the process of color
perception
C) it was thought that people had an even
distribution of cones
D) it was considered that people had only two
different cones
E) it was presumed that the process of color
perception would not be possible without the
retina
A) O B) O c)Q D)Q E)Q
57. In the passage, the author emphasizes that — .
A) it was only by means of technological
developments that we could understand how
color perception takes place
B) until the beginning of the 21st century, we
actually knew nothing about the color perception
process
C) what determines the number of colors an
organism can see are the cones, not rods
D) although sensitivity to light changes, color
perception is a cognitive process
E) humans can see in more colors compared to
animals because they have more sophisticated
eye structure
A) O B) O c)Q 0)O E)Q
58. The passage is m ainly about — .
A) how color perception takes place and what the
ingredients of the process are
B) how rods and cones, responsible for color
perception, operate and render color perception
possible
C) the different properties of various species in
terms of the color perception process
D) the causes underlying why some species see in
more colors
E) the role of cones and rods on the process of
color perception
A) O B) O c )Q 0)0 E)Q
 60. Which o f the follow ing can be
59. - 62. sorulari a§agida verilen pargaya gore
cevaplayiniz.
Linguistic theories are abstract ideas about what
language is and how it works; this knowledge is
understood in terms of the study of language through a
creation of metalanguage— grammatics—and language
descriptions. These linguistic descriptions are then taken
into account in developing texts and other material that
students are exposed to in their learning environment.
In short, different linguistic theories explain language
in different ways, which results in different types of
language descriptions and influences the choices of texts
and grammatical components used in the pedagogical
material that students learn and are taught through.
inferred from the passage?
A) Different learning and teaching theories fail to
give a satisfactory account of language learning
B) Teachers are institutionally expected to follow the
guidelines presented by theories of learning
C) The practice of language teaching must be
mainly informed from linguistics theories
D) When designing teaching environments teachers
must use psychology rather than linguistics
E) A language curriculum is a collection of theories
that explain the language learning process
A) O B) O C )Q D )Q E )Q

Similarly, various theories of learning and teaching

explain how language learning takes place and how this
understanding can be used for teaching purposes. These
theories are taught to the teachers during their training
programs, and the teachers use them in developing
their pedagogical practices. Frameworks of language in
education policy also influence the curriculum, which in
61. In the passage, the main idea is that — .
turn, shapes the syllabi, textbooks, and other teaching
and learning resources that the students use in their A) linguistic theories should focus on how language
classes. Thus, the three broad theoretical areas are learning takes place besides linguistic theories
used in different ways to shape the material that students
are expected to work on. These different theories and B) the process of language learning is so must be
areas are not necessarily independent of each other handled through both psychology and linguistics
and may overlap and influence the other areas. C) linguistics, learning theories and frameworks
work in tandem to enhance language learning
D) frameworks of language are. more important than
linguistic theories to explain learning process
E) success in language education is determined
more by materials used than learning and
linguistic theories

A) O B) O C )Q D )Q E )Q

59. One gathers from the passage that the

content that is to be taught — .
A) should be tailored to the needs and
developmental level of students
B) is mainly based on the results of studies carried
out in linguistics
C) must abide by the suggestions offered by 62. The author’s attitude to incorporating
language teaching pedagogy linguistics to language teaching is — .
D) should be based on how authentic A) hesitant B) judgmental
communication takes place
C) inquisitive D) supportive
E) is determined based on the concepts and
E) indifferent
findings of three different areas

A) O B) O c)Q 0 )0 E )0
A) O B) O C )Q D )Q
^ iNGiLiZCE
63. - 67. sorularda, kar§ilikh konu§manm bo§
birakilan kismim tamamlayacak ifadeyi bulunuz.
63. Alex:
You know what, I was reading an article
about economics the other day. One
point in the article is interesting.
Stephan:
- What is it?
Alex:
It reads that fo r new businesses, fast­
growing companies, and in times of
recession, cash is of utm ost importance.
Stephan:
Alex:
- Definitely! It is already always at the
forefront when doing business.
A) So, that means that profit takes a back seat,
while cash flow becomes the critical factor.
B) It seems that you like economy magazines. I
would suggest you to take a look at this one.
C) I don’t understand what they mean with this
phrase. Can you explain it?
D) In this case, big companies should not try to
increase their income at short notice.
E) As far as I understand, there is no need to keep
all out money at home.
A) O B) O C)Q D)Q
1. DENEME
64. Kerim:
- I don’t understand why they require
us to turn our phones o ff in cinemas
instead of setting them silent.
Hakan:
Kerim:
- What is wrong with that?
Hakan:
- Psychologically, if it vibrates, it’s
going to pull your attention and you
w ill disturb people as you try to find
your telephone in your bag.
A) That is because you cannot hear you phone
when it is set to silent and may miss an
important call
B) There are also other options that you can use.
For example, you can store you photos if you are
connected to the Internet
C) But, as you know, there are still people who
insist on using their phones even when the film
starts
D) This is some kind of precaution. Most people
do not set their phones silent, but they set them
vibration
E) It is quite clear. When you put your mobile phone
in your bag, it vibrates and notifies the call
A) O B) O C)Q 0)0 E)0
E)Q
65. Emre:
- In a com petition yesterday, they asked
what “ alien syndrom e” is. Sounds
som ething interesting, doesn’t it?
Samet:

Emre:
- What do you mean?
Samet:
- In th is syndrome, the hand may
h it you, or it may even strangle
you when you are sleeping.

A) I have heard something like that, but I have only

a slight idea about what it is
B) Do not misunderstand it by its name. It is
something different and a rare condition
C) Yes, it is as serious as interesting. The hand acts
as if it is free of your control
D) Interesting, as far as I know it is only common
among left-handed people
E) That is not a difficult question. I could have
answered this question

A) O B) O c )Q 0 ) 0 E)Q
66. Simon:
- Have you seen th is notice from the
library? It seems that I w ill have to be more
careful about returning books on time.
Matthew:
- Well, I th ink it is a good thing. It seems
like every tim e I want to borrow a book,
it is not available. And th is is because
someone did n ’t return it by the due day.
Simon:
- It sounds like a feasible regulation.
Matthew:

A) We have tried this several times before, but it

didn’t help.
B) So, with this new implementation, there will be
fewer delays in the returns.
C) The school administration should also be stricter
in some other issues.
D) That is right, but I don’t think they can protect the
old books this way.
E) So, are we supposed to go to the registration
first to borrow books from the library?

A) O B) O c) O D) O E)Q
67. James:
- Did you understand anything from the
term “ divergent e volution” , w hich the
professor talked about in the lesson today?
Robert:
- Yes, I listened to lecture very carefully
and I understood it clearly.
James:
- Can you explain it to me briefly?
Robert:
- Simple, when a group o f plants or
animals are separated by m ountains
or rivers, different sub-groups
form from the same ancestor.
James:
- Then, —

A) this means that there are two new different

speciesb.
B) when species are confronted with a difficult
situation, they mutate totallyb.
C) they are the same species, but have slight
differencesb.
D) are there any other species that became extinct
because of that?
E) animal and plant species are very resistant to
changes.

A) O B) O C )Q 0 ) 0 E )0
 70. It is going to be d iffic u lt to find an agreement
68. - 71. sorularda, verilen ciim leye anlamca en between the tw o groups because their
yakin olan cum leyi bulunuz. needs are so different.
A) Since the two groups are radically different, it
does not seem to be likely that we will find an
68. Despite all the efforts by the Indian agreement
government, universalization o f education B) It is not possible to find an agreement between
in India remains a distant dream. the two groups due to the diversity of their
A) The Indian government is working hard for the opinions.
globalization of the education system and it is C) The two groups are demanding different things,
going to happen one day. so it won’t be easy to make them to come to an
B) Once the Indian government provides the agreement.
necessary help, the education system will D) If the two groups didn’t have so many
become more centralized in India. discrepancies, we could make them come to
C) It is not likely that the education system in India terms easily.
will become globalized although the Indian E) The two groups do not seem to be willing to
authorities exert considerable effort. come to an agreement unless their expectations
D) The education system in India will not have a are met.
universal value unless the Indian government
wishes to grant the necessary monetary help. A) O B) O C)0 0)0 E) O
E) In India, the government is willing to provide
a universal level of education; however, the
schools and most teachers are not qualified
enough for this.

A) O B) O C)Q 0)0 E)Q

71. The opening o f a th ird refugee camp

in Jordan next m onth is tim ely as the
number o f Syrians crossing the border
has swollen to around 600 a day.
A) If the third refugee camp in Jordan had been
69. The m ajority o f brain developm ent takes place opened at the right time, the number of Syrians
in early years, when billions o f synaptic circuits crossing the border would not have reached 600
that w ill last the c h ild ’s lifetim e are form ing. a day.
A) The most important phase of brain development B) No matter how many Syrians pass the border
is the early years of life, and the brain takes its every day, the number will reach 600 a day and
final form during this time. this will require the opening of the third refugee
B) The capacity of the brain to provide synaptic camp in Jordan.
connections depends on the early development. C) It seems that the third refugee camp in Jordan is
definitely necessary since the number of Syrians
C) Human brain develops over time continuously,
but the most important development takes place crossing the border is over the expected level,
in early years. which is 600.
D) Now that the number of Syrians crossing the
D) The synaptic circuits are ever-lasting once they
border has reached 600 a day, the third refugee
are formed and they are created in the initial
period of human life. camp in Jordan is activated quite on time.

E) The early years of human life are the most E) Whenever the third refugee camp in Jordan is
important years because the brain is shaping opened, the number of Syrians passing the order
cannot be reduced below 600 in a day.
itself during these years.

A) O B) O C)0 0)0 E)Q A) O B) O C)0 D)Q E) O

 72. 75. SO nilarda, bO> brrakiUn yo re, pargada
an lam bCrtwnJOQflnfl w g iam ak (gin gvtrrOebtlocvk
cOmteyl bo lunut.
72 Much attention was devotod to discussing tho
vital Importance o f training of early childhood
educator*, and tbs kinds o f training dotired.
It should first and foremost raise educators'
awareness about sustainable development, and
the role that carty childhood education could
play In promoting I t It must also enablo them to
provide opportunities to question and challenge
taken-for-granted beliefs and practices. — .
A) In contrast, odobato Wo point was the extent to
which earty oducatSon shoiA3 attach importance
to teaching academic sfcfo
B) As such, training sho«A3 not be based on the
model of education as a one-way transmission of
knowledge *rom teacher to pupi
C) Hence, it is suggested to enhanco knowledge
and skins about Infants, todtfers, preschoolers
0 ) That is to say. early chJdhood educators aro
specialists carry responsibility for tho care
and education of tho child from both to school
entrance
E) Professional preparation for tho oarly chWhood
education is essential to providing high-quality
t w e e s to children and famfios
7i ■— . Notably, International students arc le ss
satisfied than their dom estic counterparts.
Enhanced efforts to bridge tho gap between
sch o o l and university m ay account for the
Increasingly positive view s o f tho role of
sch o o l in preparing students fo r university
study. However, dosphe the incxoaied
proportion o f studonis feeling positive,
those view * ore shared by a minority.
A) In terms o f education facilities, studonts who go
abroad find themselves luckier as they gel the
Chance to work in a mufb-nclonal environment
B) The rats o f students who attend urvrers<y after
school seems to have risen in the last decode
C) S*toc 1904, there has been a tugnTcant
doeSnc In tho proportion o f students feeing that
university does not meet h e r expectations
D) Psychologic bofieve that university students
cannot maka fun use of their university education
E) There are a number of lasts that specrficolly
focus on student satisfaction * schools
[ a ) Q | d) Q | c ) Q [ o)Q j n o ]

[ * o ] [ 1 7 ° ] r ^ i [ 0)o J
r^ °i
74. In formal education, a curriculum is the set of
courses, and their content, offered at a school
or university. It is prescriptive, and is based
on a more general syllabus which merely
specifies what topics must be understood and
to what level to achieve a particular grade or
standard. Curriculum has numerous definitions,
which can be slightly confusing. — . This is
particularly true of schools at the university
level, where the diversity of a curriculum might
be an attractive point to a potential student.
A) As an idea, it came from the Latin word “Currere”
which means race courses.
B) An elementary school might discuss how its
courses are designed to improve testing scores.
C) In ideal cases, most students find time to
complete the courses in their programs.
D) An individual teacher might also refer to his or
her curriculum.
E) In its broadest sense, it refers to all the courses
offered in an educational setting.
A) O B) O c )Q 0 )0 E )0
75. The beginnings of the European guitar are
unknown. Scholars disagree as to whether
the guitar, like the flute, was introduced to
medieval Europe from the Middle East, or if
it was indigenous to Europe. It is impossible
to establish the history of the guitar before
the Renaissance, but there are some
many earlier plucked-string instruments
which are related to later guitars either in
physical form or playing technique. — .
A) One of the earliest of these is a long-necked
flute, either Roman or Byzantine, from Egypt.
B) As such, we cannot disregard the influence of
music therapy in extremely difficult cases
C) Western, however, music derives its basic shape
from the Greeks, particularly from fifth century
thinker Pythagoras
D) The breakthrough came when a teacher of
choristers at Areazzo, named Guido Monaco,
came up with a notation system
E) In other words, the first evidence of mandolins is
from literature regarding popular Italian players
A) O 6 )0 C )Q 0 )0 E )0
 76. - 80. sorularda, ciim leler sirasiyla okundugunda 79. (I) Blue jeans started becoming popular among
young people in the 1950s. (II) In the year 1957,
pargamn anlam b u tiin liig iin u bozan cumleyi 150 million pairs were sold worldwide. (Ill) This
bulunuz. growing trend continued until 1981 and jeans
manufacturers were virtually guaranteed annual
sale increases. (IV) Blue jeans in the form we
76. (I) Humidity can be measured using a variety of know them today have always reflected the fashion
instruments (II) Electronic thermometers can record of the day. (V) In the United States, 200 million
a wide range of temperatures between 35°C and pairs of jeans were sold in 1967, 500 million
42°C and can record axillary or rectal temperatures. in 1977, with a peak of 520 million in 1981.
(Ill) They have temperature sensors inside round-
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
tipped probes that can be covered with disposable
guards to prevent the spread of infection. (IV) These
sensors are connected to a container housing the A) O B) O 0 ) 0 0)O
central processing unit. (V) The information gathered
by the sensors is then shown on a display screen.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

A) O B) O c)Q D )Q E )Q

77. (I) As the Neolithic farmers were not moving around,
they were able to build larger and more permanent
dwellings. (II) A Neolithic house was rectangular
and made either from tree trunks sunk vertically into
the ground or from woven branches covered with
mud. (Ill) The gables at each end were supported
by a large beam leaning against the ridge of the
roof. (IV) The roof itself was made from timber
beams with reed thatch covering it. (V) People
in the pre-historic times may have lived in larger
communities than the Mesolithic Irish did, with a
number of families living in a cluster of houses.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) O B) O C )0 D )Q E) O
80. (I) Many people have the capacity to learn
a second language. (II) It may be another
language in the same country or a totally different
language of another country. (Ill) In order to
teach second languages, institutes and schools
offering foreign language courses are popping
up throughout the world. (IV)Many colleges
and universities have included some foreign
language courses in their regular academic
syllabus, too. (V) When learning something new,
you need to understand its basic concepts.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) O B) O C )Q 0 ) 0 E )Q

78. (I) Over five thousand years ago, people living in

Mesopotamia developed a form of writing to record
different types of information. (II) This earliest
writing was based on pictures that represent words
or phrases. (Ill) Pictograms, for example, were
used to communicate basic information about
crops, taxes, and lending loans. (IV) In addition,
this type of writing also required hundreds of
symbols. (V) Over the decades, Mesopotamia
became a center for trade and culture.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

A) O B) O C )0 D )Q E )Q
 1. DENEME / CEVAP ANAHTARI
1*B 2-E 3-C 4 -A 5-B 6-D 7-C 8-B 9-B 10 -D
11 -E 12-A 13-E 14-E 15 - C 16 - E 17-B 18 - A 19-D 20 - E

21 - B 22 -D 2 3 -A 24 - B 25-D 26 - D 2 7 -A 28 - D 29 - B 30 - C
31 - C 32 - B 33-D 34 -E 35-B 36-E 3 7 -D 38 -D 3 9 -D 40 - B
41 - C 42 - D 43 -E 44 - B 4 5 -A 4 6 -C 4 7 -D 48 -E 49 - B 50 - A
51 - A 5 2 -C 53-E 54 - D 55 -E 5 6 -C 57 -D 5 8 -A 5 9 -E 60 - B
61 - C 62 - D 6 3 -A 64 - D 6 5 -C 66 - B 6 7 -C 68 -C 69 - D 70 - C
71 - D 7 2 -B 73-C 74 -E 7 5 -A 7 6 -A 7 7 -E 7 8 -E 79-D 80 - E

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