EN4562 - ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND DRIVES

COURSEWORK SESSION 2022-23

A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE DIRECT ON-LINE (DOL), THE STAR-DELTA, AND
THE PWM SCALAR CONTROL STARTING OF A 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
This document outlines EN4562 Coursework for 2022-23.

INTRODUCTION

Aim: To analyse and simulate the operation of three phase induction motors to specifically assess the benefits of using
a drive system for starting.

COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENTS AND REPORT BREAKDOWN

SECTION ONE (TOTAL 30 MARKS)

Carry out your own literature research review on phase-controlled DC motor drives. Based on this, write a brief section.
In this section of the report, you should include:
• Types of three-phase phase-controlled DC drives,
• the circuits and principles of their operation,
• advantages of phase-controlled DC motor drives over uncontrolled rectifiers,
• comparison of phase-controlled DC motor drives with DC choppers,
• their typical industrial applications.
Please ensure that this section covers the phase-controlled DC motor drive systems at an appropriate academic level
that is based on your research review while referring to the source (e.g. peer-reviewed reputable journal papers or
similar).

SECTION TWO (TOTAL 70 MARKS)

In this section you will complete the following MATLAB/Simulink modelling exercises and report on them.
Using MATLAB 2022a:
1. Search for "asynchronous" in the Search Documentation box (top right)
2. Refine the search by Type - select Examples
3. Refine the search by Product - select Simscape Electrical
4. Open the model "Asynchronous Machine Scalar Control"
(Examples > Simscape Electrical > Applications > Machine Control)
Alternatively, type the command “ee_asm_scalar_control” in Matlab
5. Open the model "Three-Phase Asynchronous Machine Starting"
(Examples > Simscape Electrical > Applications > Machine Control)
Alternatively, type the command “ee_asm_starting” in Matlab
6. Save the models in your own workspace with different names.

EXERCISE 1: EXPLORE THE STAR-DELTA AND DIRECT-ONLINE (DOL) STARTING

Using the Simulink model entitled “Three-Phase Asynchronous Machine Starting”, and using the default model
parameters, simulate the star-delta starting of a three-phase induction machine. In your simulation:
- Investigate what happens when the setting for the star-delta transition is set to a lower threshold. Monitor the
change in the value of starting current and in the value of current spike during the transition from star to delta as

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 you reduce the setting until 0%. Reflect on the change in the starting current as the setting is dropped, and what
does a 0% represent.
- Undertake a sensible analysis of the effects of the time of switching and the dwell-time (the period of time taken
in practice by the circuit-breaker to transit from star to delta) on the current response. The effect of the dwell
time may be modelled by using a switch and a delay. Your simulation will show the dwell time (this can be easily
seen as a gap in the current response because zero current flows). Note that, with the little friction, the dwell
time effect is minimal in the simulation, however this is not the case in reality so explain why.
- In your star-delta starting analysis, reflect on the effect of the inertia as well.
- Compare DOL method of starting to the star-delta starting and reflect on the difference in their starting currents
values and the rate of their acceleration to reach the rated speed.

EXERCISE 2: EXPLORE THE SCALAR CONTROL MODEL

Open the model “Asynchronous Machine Scalar Control”. Replace the motor and all of its mechanical model from this
“scalar control model” with the motor from the Star-Delta model and its mechanical blocks. Save your modified model.
The model runs a script when it loads. To open that script, type the command “open ee_asm_scalar_control_data” in
MATLAB. Save this script file with a new name in the same place as your model.

In your model, find the Model Properties (see left)

and look at the tab Callbacks.
Delete the name of the PreLoad callback.
For the InitFcn callback, enter the name of the file
you have just saved followed by a semi-colon.

Make changes to the new model and the script file, as necessary, to reflect the changes to the motor. These changes
will include, but not limited to, the following:
1. You will need to change the DC Voltage Source on the main model page.
2. Inside the Control block you will need to change:
a. The demand speed Step input
b. The Scalar controller voltage

In order to make a fair comparison, you need to:

• Ensure that the parameters of the motor used in the scalar control model are updated to match those of the
motor within the star-delta starting model, and both are accelerated at the same rate.
• Ensure that the speed in the scalar model is set up correctly since the inverter allows higher frequencies that can
make the motor run too fast. You need to adjust the inverter frequency to run the motor on the same speed as in
the star-delta model.

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SUBMISSION GUIDELINES
1. You need to submit your two assignments (literature research and simulation work) in a single professional report
that includes a table of contents, an abstract, introduction, a section on phase-controlled DC motor drives, a
section on Matlab/Simulink modelling exercises with analysis of the simulation results, conclusion, and references.
2. All your working/modelling that is part of the assignment should be shown.
3. Modelling results need to be captioned and discussed within the report main text.
4. Ensure using proper Referencing in your report.
5. This coursework has a weighting of 30% of the overall module grade.
6. Coursework submission is 12.00 noon on Friday 25th of November 2022 and submission must be .doc or .docx
7. The coursework should be attempted in no more than 14 pages.
8. Ensure to refer to the rubric for details of the grading given below.
9. Note that the university regulations on plagiarism applies
10. Submissions after the due date will be scored as “Zero”. Any extenuating circumstances should be brought to the
notice of module coordinator, tutors, or administrative staff before the due date
11. Ensure using the “EN4562 Coversheet 2022” found on Campus Moodle as the template for your report.

GRADING

MARKS OF SECTION ONE WILL BE ALLOCATED AS FOLLOWS:

• Technical content with referencing [15]
• Structure [10]
• Presentation/Clarity [5]
Refer to the rubric for details of the grading below.

MARKS OF SECTION TWO WILL BE ALLOCATED AS FOLLOWS:

• Analysis, discuss and report on your exercise 1 simulations of the star-delta and direct on-line starting while
making appropriate comparisons between them. [20]
• Describe in detail the changes made to the Scalar Control model of exercise 2. [10]
• Display, using appropriate graphs, the following Simulink results [20]
1. The DOL speed and currents response
2. One of the Star-Delta responses clearly showing the transition between star-connected and delta-connected
operations.
3. A plot of the maximum current response against the value of the star-delta transition parameter over a
reasonable and appropriate range
4. A plot of the scalar drive system with a comparable acceleration period to the star-delta starter.

• Critically evaluate your results while comparing and contrasting the motor performance in the various modes of
operation. [20]

Refer to the rubric for details of the grading below.

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GRADING RUBRIC

Element Description Technical Content Weight 15

MARKING GRID

Definitions Range Criteria

Excellent 70 - 100 A highly detailed, professional-level, comprehensive section, fully meeting the
(A) coursework requirements with relevant technical equations as necessary.
There are only very minor issues. It is fully referenced.
Very Good 60 - 69 A very well detailed section, fully meeting the requirements with the relevant
(B) technical equations - as necessary. There are only minor issues. It is fully
referenced.
Good 50 - 59 A well detailed section, mostly meeting the requirements with reasonable
(C) technical equations included. Some minor issues. It is fully referenced.
Satisfactory 40 - 49 A good section, mostly meeting the coursework requirements. Some technical
(D) equations included. Some issues. Generally well referenced.
Borderline fail 35 - 39 A populated section, reasonably meeting the coursework requirements.
(E) Generally there are issues. It is lightly referenced.
Fail 0 - 34 A section that does not generally meet the requirements, lacking in detail.
(F) Many issues. It is poorly referenced
Element Description Structure Weight 10
MARKING GRID
Definitions Range Criteria
Excellent 70 - 100
The content is completely, logically, concisely, and clearly structured
(A)
Very Good 60 - 69 The content is logically and clearly structured with perhaps a few
(B) inconsistencies.
Good 50 - 59 The content is mostly logically and clearly structured with occasional
(C) inconsistencies.
Satisfactory 40 - 49
The content has structure but lacks a degree of logic or consistency.
(D)
Borderline fail 35 - 39
The content lacks structure with little logic and often inconsistent
(E)
Fail (F) 0 - 34 The content has little or no structure.
Element Description Presentation / clarity Weight 5
MARKING GRID
Definitions Range Criteria
Excellent 70 - 100 The section is professionally presented and has complete clarity - very minor
(A) issues only.
Very Good 60 - 69 The section is mostly professionally presented and has complete clarity -
(B) occasional minor issues.
Good 50 - 59 The section is well presented and clear - many issues, but nonmajor.
(C)
Satisfactory 40 - 49 The section is acceptably presented and generally clear - a few issues, one or
(D) more major ones.
Borderline fail 35 - 39 The section is unacceptably presented and often lacking in clarity - frequent
(E) issues, some major.
Fail 0 - 34 The section is very poorly presented with little clarity - often major issues.
(F)

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 Element Description The star-delta starting and DOL starting Weight 20

MARKING GRID

Definitions Range Criteria

Excellent 70 - 100 A professional, fully detailed but concise discussion on the elements of the
(A) Simulink model and the comparisons including all appropriate screenshots of the
model.
Very Good 60 - 69 A very good concise discussion on the elements of the Simulink model and the
(B) comparisons including mostly appropriate screenshots of the model.
Good 50 - 59 A good, generally concise discussion on the elements of the Simulink model and
(C) the comparisons including usually appropriate screenshots of the model, some
minor lapses.
Satisfactory 40 - 49 A reasonable discussion on the elements of the Simulink model and the
(D) comparisons including some appropriate screenshots of the model, occasional
lapses.
Borderline fail 35 - 39 The discussion on the elements of the Simulink model and the comparisons is
(E) generally lacking in clarity and depth. Includes screenshots of the model, but
many lapses.
Fail 0 - 34 The discussion on the elements of the Simulink model and the comparisons is
(F) lacking in clarity and depth. Includes few, perhaps inappropriate screenshots of
the model, with many lapses.

Element Description Changes made to scalar control model Weight 10

MARKING GRID

Definitions Range Criteria

Excellent 70 - 100 Changes made to scale control model fully described appropriately with no issues,
(A) or only very minor ones.
Very Good 60 - 69 Changes made to scale control model fully described appropriately with perhaps
(B) one main issue or some minor ones.
Good 50 - 59 Changes made to scale control model well described appropriately with
(C) occasional issues, mostly minor ones.
Satisfactory 40 - 49 Changes made to scale control model described appropriately with occasional
(D) issues, some significant.
Borderline fail 35 - 39 Changes made to scale control model not well described, perhaps not using an
(E) appropriate method or with significant issues.
Fail 0 - 34 Changes made to scale control model not described, or not using an appropriate
(F) method, or with major issues.

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 Element Description Displaying simulation results – pro-rata per item Weight 20

MARKING GRID

Definitions Range Criteria

Excellent 70 - 100 Results are accurately and appropriately displayed, with few very minor issues
(A)
Very Good 60 - 69 Results are accurately and appropriately displayed, with one significant issue or
(B) some minor ones
Good 50 - 59 Results are mostly accurately and appropriately displayed, with occasional
(C) significant issues, or many minor ones.
Satisfactory 40 - 49 Results are generally accurately and appropriately displayed, with significant
(D) issues and many minor ones.
Borderline fail 35 - 39 Results are not accurately and appropriately displayed but attempts have been
(E) made to present them as such.
Fail 0 - 34 Results are not accurately and appropriately displayed with no attempt to process
(F) them to do so.

Element Description Motor performance analysis and discussion Weight 20

MARKING GRID

Definitions Range Criteria

Excellent 70 - 100 A highly professional critical comprehensive evaluation of the motor performance
(A) between the modes of operation
Very Good 60 - 69 A professional critical evaluation of the motor performance between the two
(B) modes of operation
Good 50 - 59 A good critical evaluation of the motor performance between the modes of
(C) operation - occasional lapses
Satisfactory 40 - 49 A critical evaluation of the motor performance between the modes of operation -
(D) some good comments but also with occasional lapses
Borderline fail 35 - 39 An evaluation of the motor performance between the modes of operation but
(E) lacking in depth and missing key elements
Fail 0 - 34 A poor evaluation of the motor performance between the modes of operation
(F) with no depth and missing all key elements

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FAQS

How is the work assessed?

Download the coversheet and observe the grading criteria contained there.
The rubric in Campus Moodle will be used to grade your work and matches the coversheet.

What is meant by “replace the motor and all of its mechanical model”?

In order to ensure a fair comparison between the simulations, it is necessary to use the same motor and
mechanical model in all the simulations. Hence, the motor and mechanical model from the star-delta model is
to be used in all your simulations.

Therefore, the scalar model motor (with all of its mechanical parts) has to be deleted and replaced with the
star-delta motor and all its mechanical parts.

Should I take screenshots of the scopes from Simulink?

No. These are not generally “accessible” although it is possible to manipulate the scope properties to improve
their look.

A better method is to plot the Simulink data in a MATLAB figure (or otherwise). Ensure that graphs are titled,
axes labelled, and where applicable have a legend. Ensure the background is not dark.

Can I use another version of MATLAB/Simulink?

The coursework has been developed on MATLAB 2019a and the examples used are based on this version –
other versions may not provide the examples in the same way. If you find the same examples in the same way
in another MATLAB version, then you can use it.

Can I use MyApps to work from outside of the School?

Yes, if this provides the same version of MATLAB, or at least the same Simulink examples.

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