- Building permits are required for construction, alteration, repair, conversion or demolition of buildings, with some minor exemptions. Fees are collected by local governments.
- The Building Official enforces building codes and issues permits. Prohibited acts include work without a permit and unauthorized deviations from plans. Fines are imposed for violations.
- Permits are needed for overall construction as well as specific elements like plumbing and electrical work. Applications require documents proving ownership and tax payments. Permits expire if work is not started or resumed within set timeframes.
- Buildings are classified into five types based on their fire resistance. Areas are designated as fire zones where certain types of construction are restricted depending on occupancy and fire
Bahirdar University Bahirdar Institute of Technology Faculity of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Automotive Engineering Programme Vehicle Driving Assignment
- Building permits are required for construction, alteration, repair, conversion or demolition of buildings, with some minor exemptions. Fees are collected by local governments.
- The Building Official enforces building codes and issues permits. Prohibited acts include work without a permit and unauthorized deviations from plans. Fines are imposed for violations.
- Permits are needed for overall construction as well as specific elements like plumbing and electrical work. Applications require documents proving ownership and tax payments. Permits expire if work is not started or resumed within set timeframes.
- Buildings are classified into five types based on their fire resistance. Areas are designated as fire zones where certain types of construction are restricted depending on occupancy and fire
- Building permits are required for construction, alteration, repair, conversion or demolition of buildings, with some minor exemptions. Fees are collected by local governments.
- The Building Official enforces building codes and issues permits. Prohibited acts include work without a permit and unauthorized deviations from plans. Fines are imposed for violations.
- Permits are needed for overall construction as well as specific elements like plumbing and electrical work. Applications require documents proving ownership and tax payments. Permits expire if work is not started or resumed within set timeframes.
- Buildings are classified into five types based on their fire resistance. Areas are designated as fire zones where certain types of construction are restricted depending on occupancy and fire
- Building permits are required for construction, alteration, repair, conversion or demolition of buildings, with some minor exemptions. Fees are collected by local governments.
- The Building Official enforces building codes and issues permits. Prohibited acts include work without a permit and unauthorized deviations from plans. Fines are imposed for violations.
- Permits are needed for overall construction as well as specific elements like plumbing and electrical work. Applications require documents proving ownership and tax payments. Permits expire if work is not started or resumed within set timeframes.
- Buildings are classified into five types based on their fire resistance. Areas are designated as fire zones where certain types of construction are restricted depending on occupancy and fire
BUILDING LAWS CONSTRUCTION- All on-site work ▪ The DPWH Secretary prescribes
PD 1096 done from site preparation,
excavation, foundation, the fees ▪ The Building Official collects the “REVISED IMPLEMENTING RULES assembly of all the components fees AND REGULATIONS OF NATIONAL and installation of utilities and ▪ 80% off collection to local BUILDING CODE OF THE equipment of government PHILIPPINES” “IRR” buildings/structure ▪20% collection to National CONVERSION- A change in the use government. or occupancy of a building/ FEE EXEMPTIONS: RULE 1- GENERAL structure or any portion/s ▪ Public buildings PROVISIONS thereof which has different ▪ Traditional family dwellings PURPOSE: requirements ▪ A dwelling intended for the use To provide a framework of DEMOLITION- The systematic by one family and constructed of minimum standards and dismantling or destruction of a native materials (bamboo, nipa, requirements for all buildings in building/ structure, in whole or logs, lumber), the total cost of order to regulate their location, in part which does not exceed PHP15,000 design, quality of materials, RENOVATION- Any physical PROHIBITED ACTS: construction, and use change made on a building/ ▪ Proceeding with work without a SCOPE: structure to increase its value, permit The National Building Code utility and/ or to improve its ▪ Unauthorized deviations from (NBC) applies to the design, aesthetic quality the drawings during construction location, siting, construction, REPAIR- Remedial work done on ▪ Non-compliance with work alteration, repair, conversion, any damaged or deteriorated stoppage order use, occupancy, maintenance, portion/s of a building/structure ▪ Non-compliance with order to moving, demolition of and to restore its original condition demolish addition to public and private ▪ Use of a building without buildings, except traditional RULE 2- ADMINISTRATION securing a Certificate of dwellings and BP 220 projects + ENFORCEMENT Occupancy ▪ Change in use DEFINITION OF TERMS: without the corresponding ADDITION- Any new construction THE SECRETARY Certification of Change of Use which increases the height or (HEAD OR CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF ▪ Failure to post Cert. of area of an existing DPWH) Occupancy ▪ Change in type of building/structure ▪ Policy making construction without permit ALTERATION- Construction in a ▪ Memorandum circulars FINES: building/ structure involving ▪ Prescription of fees LIGHT VIOLATIONS- P5,000 changes in the materials used, ▪ Appointment of building officials (Failure to post Certificate of partitioning, location/ size of in all municipalities occupancy, building permit, openings, structural parts, THE BUILDING OFFICIAL provide safety measures of existing utilities and equipment (EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF OBO) workers) but does not increase the overall ▪ Tasked with the enforcement of LESS GRAVE VIOLATIONS- P8,000 area thereof the Code in his jurisdiction (Non-compliance w/ work ANCILLARY BUILDING/ ▪ Issues, denies, suspends and stoppage order, occupancy of STRUCTURE- A secondary revokes permits building w/out certificate) building/ structure located ▪ Undertakes inspection of GRAVE VIOLATIONS-P10,000 within the same premises, the buildings (Unauthorized alteration, change use of which is incidental to that ▪ Acts on claims type of construction, demolish of the main building/structure FEES: w/out permit, change existing occupancy w/out certificate, excavations left open more than -Of doors, windows, floors, architect or civil engineer to 120 days) fences and walls undertake the full-time inspection DANGEROUS BUILDINGS: -Of plumbing fixtures and supervision of the ▪ Structural hazard PERMIT REQUIREMENTS: construction. ▪ Fire hazard ▪ Application forms ▪ Unsafe electrical wiring ▪ If lot is owned, RULE 4- TYPES OF ▪ Unsafe mechanical installation ▪ OCT or TCT CONSTRUCTION ▪ Inadequate sanitation and ▪ Tax declaration health facilities ▪ Current real property tax TYPE I ▪ Architectural deficiency receipt ▪ Wood construction OPTIONS FOR DANGEROUS ▪ If lot is NOT owned, TYPE II BUILDINGS: ▪ Contract of Lease or Deed of ▪Wood construction with fire- ▪ Repair Absolute Sale in place of TCT resistant materials ▪ Vacation ▪ Five sets of plans and specs, ▪One-hour fire-resistive ▪ Demolition signed and sealed by various throughout professionals TYPE III RULE 3- PERMITS ISSUANCE OF PERMITS: ▪ Masonry and wood construction BUILDING PERMIT ▪ 15 days from payment of fees ▪One hour fire resistive A written authorization granted by LIABILITY CLAUSE throughout the Building Official to an ▪ Article 1723 of the Civil Code ▪ Incombustible exterior walls applicant allowing him to proceed states that the engineer or TYPE IV with construction after plans, architect who drew up the plans ▪ Steel, iron, concrete, or masonry specifications and other pertinent and specifications is liable for 15 construction documents have been found to be years from completion of the ▪ Incombustible interiors (ceilings, in conformity with the Code building should it collapse due to walls) WHEN? defects in the plans or the ground. TYPE V Before constructing, altering, ▪ In case the building collapses ▪Four-hour fire resistive repairing, converting, moving, due to defects in construction or throughout adding to, demolishing a building the use of inferior materials, the ▪ Structural elements of steel, EXEMPTIONS: contractor, along with the iron, concrete or masonry ▪ Minor constructions construction supervisor, shall be -6sqm. or less detached from liable RULE 5- FIRE ZONES other buildings, for private use EXPIRATION OF PERMITS FIRE ZONE only. (Example: sheds, poultry ▪Construction does not ▪ An area within which only houses, greenhouses) commence within 1 year from certain types of construction are -Open terraces or patios not date of issue allowed, based on their exceeding 20sqm ▪Construction does not resume occupancy, type of construction, Window grilles 120 days after suspension or and resistance to fire -Garden pools 500mm deep or abandonment of work FIRE ZONE DESIGNATIONS shallower NON-ISSUANCE, SUSPENSION, 1. non-fire restricted zones -Garden masonry walls not REVOCATION ▪ All types of construction allowed exceeding 1.20m in height ▪ Errors in plans and specs 2. Fire restrictive zones ▪ Repair works ▪ Incorrect or inaccurate data ▪ Type I construction NOT allowed -Not involving structural declared 3. Highly fire restrictive zones members -Of non-load bearing ▪ Non-compliance with the Code ▪ Types I, II, and III NOT allowed partition walls INSPECTION + SUPERVISION BUILDINGS IN MULTIPLE FIRE -Not involving addition or ▪ The owner of the building must ZONES alteration engage the services of a licensed ▪ Shall be considered as part of the more restrictive zone if more than 1/3 of its total floor area-- is in that zone
RULE 6- FIRE RESISTIVE
REQUIREMENTS FIRE RESISTIVE RATING ▪ The degree to which a material ▪ R5: Two configurations allowed: can withstand fire ▪ R2: One side only ▪ Usually expressed in the form of ▪ Option A: Two sides ▪ Maximum 80% of the length of ▪ Maximum 75% of each side a time period rating (how long a side property line material can withstand being ▪ Total should not exceed 50% of lot perimeter burned) FIRE RESISTIVE STANDARDS ▪ Maximum height: 8 storeys ▪ Option B: One side + Rear ▪ Maximum 65% of side and 50% of rear ▪ Total should not exceed 60% of lot perimeter ▪ R3: Two configurations are ▪ Maximum height: 8 storeys for allowed: side, 14m for rear ▪ Option A: Two sides ▪ Maximum 85% of each side ▪ Total should not exceed 65% of lot perimeter ▪ Two storeys high only ▪ Option B: One side + Rear ▪ 90% of side or rear (up to 100% for rear if only 4m) RULE 7- OCCUPANCIES + ▪ Total should not exceed 50% of ZONES + REQUIREMENTS ▪ Commercial, institutional, and lot perimeter RIGHT OF WAY industrial: ▪ Two storeys high for side, 3.20m ▪ No building shall be constructed ▪ Firewalls allowed on the ff. high for rear unless it adjoins or has direct conditions: access to a public space, yard, or ▪ Provide sprinkler system street on at least one of its sides. ▪ Install fire-retardant or fire- EAVES OVER WINDOWS suppression devices ▪ Eaves over required windows ▪ Maximum 70% of lot perimeter shall at least be 750mm from the ▪ RROW setbacks are complied side and rear property lines. with ALLOWABLE FIREWALLS TGFA ▪ R1: Not allowed ▪ Total gross floor area ▪ However, an abutment up to ▪ R4: Two sides ▪ The total floor space inside the 3.20m high is OK for carports ▪ Maximum 85% of each side building provided that above 1.50m, the ▪ Total should not exceed 50% of ▪ Keyword: inside/enclosed abutment shall be constructed of lot perimeter ▪Includes services/parking perforated concrete blocks. ▪ Maximum height: three storeys (unlike GFA) ALLOWABLE MAX. TGFA ▪ 0-3m RROW: 2.0 storeys or 6.0m ▪ Table VII.1, p.84 of Rule 7 & 8 ▪ Only exceptions: PUD STRUCTURAL LOADS ▪ Format: Number of floors x PARKING SLOT SIZES ▪ First floor live load: 200kg/sqm footprint CAR ▪Second floor live load: ▪ Depends on the ff.: Perpendicular: 2.50x5.00m 150kg/sqm ▪ Lot type Parallel: 2.15x6.00m ▪ Wind load for roofs: 120kg/sqm ▪ Zoning Jeepney: 3.00mx9.00m (vertical) ▪ Use of firewalls Standard truck/bus 3.60x12.00m STAIRS BHL Articulated truck: 3.60mx18.00m ▪Minimum width: 750mm ▪ Building height limit OFF-SITE PARKING LOTS ▪Maximum riser: 200mm ▪ Given in Table VII.2 on p.89 ▪ If a multi-floor parking garage is ▪ Minimum tread: 200mm ▪ Depends on zoning located within a 200-meter radius HOW IS BUILDING HEIGHT of the building, 20% of the Development controls MEASURED? required parking provisions may TERMS DEFINED ▪ From established grade line to be served the multi-floor parking ▪ TLA = Total lot area the topmost portion of the garage ▪ PSO = Percentage of site building ▪ Reserved or leased parking slots occupancy ▪ Excludes allowed projections may also serve the parking ▪ The part of the lot occupied by above the roof, like: requirements if: the building (A.K.A. building ▪ Signage ▪ The slots are in a permanent footprint expressed in %) ▪ Masts parking building and not in a ▪ TOSL = Total open space within ▪ Antenna or telecom tower vacant parking lot. lot ESTABLISHING THE GRADE LINE ▪ The said parking building is: ▪ The part of the lot NOT ▪ Grade line = highest adjoining ▪ Not more than 100m away, if occupied by the building sidewalk or natural grade line residential ▪ TLA = PSO + TOSL ▪ But if grade is sloping: ▪ Not more than 200m away, if ▪ If less than 3 meters diff., take commercial ▪ USA = Unpaved surface area highest grade FRONT YARDS AS PARKING ▪ The portion of the open space ▪ If more than 3 meters diff., ▪ Not allowed for the following: that is unpaved take the average ▪ R2 Maximum ▪ ISA = Impervious surface area ESTABLISHING THE TOP OF ▪ R3 Maximum ▪ The portion of the open space BUILDING ▪ GI that is paved ▪ If roof is flat, top = rooftop ▪ C1, C2 and C3 ▪ Since “open space” = TOSL, ▪ If roof is sloping, top = middle of ▪ 50% of front yard may be used ▪ TOSL = USA + ISA roof height as parking for R2 Basic and R3 HEIGHT LIMIT PROJECTIONS Basic ▪ MACA = PSO + ISA ▪ Towers, spires and steeples ▪ Hence, TLA = MACA + USA ▪ If made of combustible Minimum requirements: Group A ▪ Note: MACA stands for materials, 6.0m above BHL dwellings Maximum Allowable Construction ▪If made of incombustible SANITATION Area materials, limited only by ▪ At least one sanitary toilet and structural design adequate washing and draining BHL + RROW facilities ▪ The RROW width also dictates FOUNDATION the BHL: ▪ At least 250mm thick ▪ 6-7m RROW: 3.0 storeys or 9.0m ▪ At least 600mm below the ▪ 4-5m RROW: 2.5 storeys or 7.5m surface of the ground ▪ However, the Code prescribes several different methods for determining this quantity RULE 8- LIGHT AND METHOD 1: AMBF PROJECTION VENTILATION ▪ Determine the AMBF Every building shall be designed, ▪ Determine the BHL (in meters) constructed, and equipped to ▪ AMBF x BHL = Building bulk provide adequate light and ▪ AMBF = Allowable max. building ventilation. footprint METHOD 2: FLAR VARIABLES ▪ Footprint expressed in square ▪ FLAR : Floor to lot area ratio ▪ Setbacks meters ▪ Total floor area / lot area ▪ Site occupancy ▪ GFA = Gross floor area ▪ For example, a FLAR designation ▪ Room sizes ▪ Total enclosed floor area of 1.50 means that a lot ▪ Ceiling heights (including balconies) measuring 100sqm may ▪ Window sizes ▪ Excludes the following accommodate a building whose ▪ Courts enclosed areas: total floor area is 150sqm. PSO, TOSL, USA, ISA ▪ Parking, services, utilities ▪ In a way, FLAR tells us how many ▪ TLA = PSO + TOSL ▪ Vertical penetrations in lots can fit inside the building. ▪ TOSL = USA + ISA parking floors if not used for ▪ Building bulk = Footprint x ▪ USA = minimum value residential or commercial Height ▪ ISA = maximum value purposes ▪ To get footprint: ▪ These values are given in Table ▪ Balconies exceeding 10sqm, ▪ FLAR x TLA = Total floor area VII.1 uncovered areas, fire escape ▪ Total floor area/Number of LOT TYPES structures, etc. storeys = Footprint ▪ The Code defines seven lot types ▪ TGFA = Total gross floor area ▪ Hence, building bulk is equal to: ▪ Inside lot ▪ Includes all enclosed floor ▪ [(FLAR x TLA)/number of ▪ Interior lot areas, no exceptions storeys] x BHL ▪ Corner lot ▪ AMVB = Allowable max. volume ▪ Through lot of building METHOD 3: AMVB ▪ Corner through lot ▪ OFB = Outer faces of the building 1. AMBF x BHL = initial AMVB ▪ Corner through lot abutting 3 or ▪ FLAR = Floor and lot area ratio (“prism”) more streets, rivers etc. A number that indicates how 2. Superimpose the angular plane ▪ End lot dense the bldg. area is, originating from the RROW onto YARD VERSUS SETBACK compared to the lot area the the “prism” ▪ Yard: the required open space higher the FLAR, the denser the ▪ Angular plane: a plane left between the outermost face project is. refer to Table VII.G.1 originating from the RROW that of the building and the property @ Rule 7 establishes the outer limit for lines ▪ Setback: the width of the floor area walls and building projections. yard FLAR = ------------- 3. Use the angular plane to reduce COURTS lot area the volume of the prism. This is ▪ Minimum dimension: 2.00m the AMVB. ▪ Hence, minimum area: 4.00sqm BUILDING BULK ▪ All inner courts shall be ▪ A volume quantity OTHER FORMULAS connected to a street or yard by a ▪ In the simplest sense, ▪ PSO = AMBF / TLA passageway at least 1.20m wide ▪ Building bulk= Footprint x ▪ GFA = TLA x FLAR PARKING SPACES AND CARPORTS Height ▪ TGFA = GFA + Non-GFA AS PER RULE 8 CARPORT W ROOF= PART OF BLDG FOOTPRINT CARPORT W/O ROOF= PART OF FOREST AREAS- 40.00M per side TOSL of waterway
FRONT YARDS AS PARKING
▪ Only allowed for single family dwelling units falling under the following zoning classifications: ▪ Basic R-2 ▪ Basic R-3 ▪ R-4 FIREWALL EXTENSIONS ▪ Above the roof line: 400mm RROW ▪ Under the eaves: 300mm RROW = CARRIAGE WAY + ▪ From the building edges: 600mm SIDEWALK MINIMUM CEILING HEIGHTS VIEW CORRIDORS + SIGHTLINES Artificially Naturally Ventilated ▪ The carriageway shall be free of ventilated structures, particularly Ground floor 2.70m commercial signs that will impede 2.70m the view corridor and sightlines AIR SPACE REQUIREMENTS Second floor 2.40m 2.70m within the RROW Succeeding floors2.10m 2.70m ▪ To dignify important Mezzanines 1.80m public/historical buildings, all 2.70m forms of commercial signs intruding into the RROW leading to or away said structures shall be disallowed MINIMUM AREA OF WINDOWS ACCESS TO PROPERTY ▪ No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct access to a public space, yard, or MINIMUM ROOM SIZES road on at least one side. MINIMUM MINIMUM AREA ▪ Interior or rear lots shall have an DIMENSION access road with a minimum ROOM 6.00sq.m 2.00m Easements width of 3.00m. Provide a 4.00m For human habitation EASEMENT IS PUBLIC LAND wide chaflan at the intersection KITCHEN 3.00sq.m ▪ Situated outside of private with the main RROW. 1.50m property limits THREE RROW LEVELS Toilet and Bath 1.20sq.m ▪ Should be equally enjoyed by all ▪ RROW above grade 0.90m members of the community ▪ From the finished surface of the ▪ The only uses allowed are those roadway all the way up to the air that support its public ▪ If utilized for whatever purpose, recreational character the use or air rights must be MINIMUM EASEMENTS compensated for (leased from the URBAN AREAS- 3.00M per side of government) waterway ▪ Minimum clear height: 4.27m AGRICULTTRAL AREAS- 20.00M from crown of carriageway per side of waterway ¼ connecting the carriageway to the sidewalk/curb. ▪ RROW at grade ▪ From natural grade line to the finished surface of the carriageway or sidewalk DRIVEWAYS ACROSS SIDEWALKS ▪ Generally utilized for the ▪ If curb height = greater than movement of the general public 200mm, a curb cutout for the (motorists and pedestrians) driveway may be allowed and the ▪ If utilized for whatever purpose, driveway may be constructed proponent must lease/pay the along the entire width of the government sidewalk. The sidewalk and the ▪ RROW below grade driveway shall be joined by a ▪ From finished surface of ramp with a slope of not more roadway all the way down into than 1/8 the ground ▪ If utilized for PLANTING STRIPS whatever purpose, proponent ▪ Sidewalks 2.00m or more in must lease/pay the government width shall include on its outer SIDEWALKS side a planting strip of not less ▪ The local planning authority shall than 800mm wide up to a determine which streets shall maximum of 1/3 of the sidewalk have an open sidewalk or an width arcaded sidewalk, or a ▪ The planting strip is meant to combination of both ▪ For a RROW separate the curb from the width of 9.00m or more, the sidewalk, and must always be minimum sidewalk width shall be placed near the curb line. 1.20m on each side of the RROW. For RROW less than 9.00m, refer RULE 9- SANITATION to Table VIII.G.3 GRADE OF SIDEWALKS ▪ As much as possible, sidewalks shall be level and of uniform grade throughout the length of the street ▪ When the street slope does not exceed 1/12, the sidewalk shall follow the street slope ▪ When the street slope is 1/10, the sidewalk shall be maintained level for every 20-40 meters of run, each level joined by a ramp of a slope not exceeding 1/6. DRIVEWAYS ACROSS SIDEWALKS ▪ If curb height = 200mm or lower, the driveway and the sidewalk shall be on the same plane. Provide entry ramp of slope 1/3 to
Bahirdar University Bahirdar Institute of Technology Faculity of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Automotive Engineering Programme Vehicle Driving Assignment