.

) = ( 1 + )

f(2)-51.(1-2) =
2
1
Therequired slope is

2.8.3: Partial Derivatives as Rates of Change changes aat a

function ( , } )
the
fixed point 4(,. ).
from a
directi
tneount (r. v) the
moves
AS
and by /, (%o)
in
ction
direction of the
positive r-axis
rate giv i n the
volts and resistane
force (EMF) of E
of circuit with
electromotive

an electrical
n derivatives and
amperes.
Find the partial CE
R ohms, the current is =*
these derivatives as rate
120 and R
=
15 and interpret
at the instant E
=

CR

Soltion

ER=RE=R'==R=
E
ER=ER=E(-1)
CR OROR
R* =
aI 120-0.5333
When E 120 and R 15, =
we can get »0.0667, 225
This means if the resistance is fixed at 15 ohms, the current is increasng (because the
when the EMF
derivative is positive) with respect to voltage at the rate of 0.0667 ampere per volt
the
is 120 volts. If the electromotive force is fixed at 120 volts, the current is decreasing (because
derivative is negative) with respect to resistance at the rate of 0.5333 ampere per ohm when the
resistance is 15 ohms.

EXERCISE -2

I fIfSx.y)= (x+ then find f,(2,1) and S,(2,1).

1 when x*0, y#0

Let iX,
Y10 when either x =0or y=0
show that the partial derivatives /, andf, exist at (0,0), but/Ar. y) is discontinuous at (0,0).
 Partial Dervatives 2.25

whenwhen(x,y)=(0,0)
If f(x.y)=I+)
0 when(x.y)=(0,0)
is continuous,. possesses partial derivatives and is differentiable at the
then show that fr. v)
orngin. ABC remain constant. Show that when the
A ofa triangle
4. The side a and the opposite angle
varied, then
othersides and angles are slightly
dc
db =0.
cosB cos C
the sides a, b,c of the triangle ABC, then the error
5. If da, db, dc be the errors in measuring
the triangle is given by
da of the area A of
abc
dA=(cos A da+cos Bdb + cos C dc).
44

2x7(-y)when (x,y) =(0,0)

Let fay)={ (r+y)
0 when(z,y)= (0,0)

Then show that , (0,0) #f(0,0).

If u=flr+y)+yg(x+y), prove -2u, +uy =0.

I f ft,y,2)=In(r? +y+), shown that x f =y S. =zf

9 I f y=fx+cr) + ¢x-ct), show that

o'u = (1+3yz+ry'2)e
4O.fu=,prove that aroycz .

HIfSy,2)=x z.showthat S. +1, +f, =0.

12. If a,B.y be the roots of the cubic r' + pr + qx+r =0,

Cr
or
show that
p B cB vanishes when any two of the three roots are equal.