GKI 1001 Penyelidikan Bebas: Student Information

BAHAGIAN HAL EHWAL PELAJAR
(Student Affairs Division)
CADANGAN PENYELIDIKAN
(RESEARCH PROPOSAL)
GKI 1001
PENYELIDIKAN BEBAS
(INDEPENDENT RESEARCH)
(A) MAKLUMAT PELAJAR

STUDENT INFORMATION
Nama : Jeevan Pillai A/L Ramesh Jantina : Male

Name Pillai Gender
No. Matrik : 17206340/1 No. Telefon : 012-1234567
Matric No. Telephone No.
Alamat Email : jeevanpillai31@gmail.com Program : Comp. Science
E-Mail Address Program
Fakulti : Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology
Faculty
Pelajar Baru Tahap Pertengahan /
New Student Middle Level
Tahap Awal Tahap Akhir

Tahap Pengajian Early Level Final Level
(Sila Tandakan (✔) Yang
Mana Berkenaan)
Level Of Study
Tahap Pengajian Bilangan Kredit yang
(Please Tick (✔) The Level of Study telah disempurnakan
Appropriate Box) Number of Credit
Completed
Pelajar Baharu/New Student -
Tahap Awal/Early Level < 35 credit
Tahap Pertengahan/Middle Level 36 to 75 credit
Tahap Akhir/Final Level > 76 credit
Nota / Notes :
(B) GARIS PANDUAN AM
GENERAL GUIDELINES
1. Bahasa: Bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Melayu

Language: English or Bahasa Melayu
2. Panjang kertas cadangan adalah sekurang-kurangnya 5 muka surat

untuk Bahagian C
The proposal should be at least 5 pages in Part C
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3. Spesifikasi Teknikal
Technical Specification
• Gunakan tulisan Arial bersaiz 11(Use Arial font size 11)

• Gunakan jarak 1.5 antara ayat (Use 1.5-line spacing)
• Laporan hendaklah di antara 10-15 halaman termasuk rujukan
dan lampiran. (The report should be between 10 -15 pages
including references and appendix)
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(C) MAKLUMAT PERANCANGAN

PLANNING INFORMATION
The efficacy of online learning in comparison to physical learning in

the perspective of students and lecturers of the Faculty of Computer
1. Tajuk
:
Title Science and Information Technology of Universiti Malaya.
The current Covid-19 pandemic has made online learning the new
normal for educational institutions all around the world. This radical
shift in medium of learning resulted in numerous advantages and
disadvantages for all parties involved in the learning process,
namely students and teachers. Students have reported benefits such
as reduced costs, improved accessibility, and personalised lessons,
as well as disadvantages such as lack of motivation, social isolation,
and accessibility issues (Gautam, 2020). Lecturers on the other hand
have reported benefits such as improve scheduling flexibility and
more personalised lessons as well as disadvantages such as poor
2. Abstrak student participation and a lack of communication with students.
:
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of online learning in

comparison to traditional face-to-face physical classes by factoring
the individual experiences of students and lecturers of Faculty of
Computer Science and Information Technology of Universiti Malaya.
This study hopes to determine the efficacy of continued online
learning post Covid-19 pandemic as well and potential strategies to
overcome the shortfalls of online learning to better emulate the
advantages of physical classes.
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Termasuk perkara berikut (Includes the following):

● Latar belakang kajian (Background of study)
Education has been the bedrock of every successful

human civilisation. To educate, as defined by the Merriam-
Webster dictionary is to train by formal instruction and
supervised practice especially in a skill, trade, or profession
(Merriam-Webster , 2021). This process has gone
unchanged for the most part through the generations. This
has cemented the place of the brick-and-mortar classroom
as the essential core of education. However, this definition
the classroom has become increasingly obsolete with the
advancement of internet communication technologies such
as Team and Meets, provided by the companies Microsoft
3. Pengenalan/Latar and Google. With this, the classroom no longer has to be a
belakang kajian
Introduction/ : physical place, instead it is simply the medium by which the
Background of Study teacher educates the student. Despite this change in
definition, it cannot be said that the physical classroom, and
by extension in-person learning as a whole, has been
superseded by the online classroom. Both these modes of
education offer different upsides along with their respective
downsides.
In addition to this, the current Covid-19 pandemic

has exacerbated this shift by leaving educational institutions
no other options than to radically rethink their teaching
methodologies in order adapt to a new normal. This is
simply due to the health and safety concerns of physical
classes which pose a great risk of disease transmission. As
a result of this, most educational institutions have opt-ed to
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discontinue their physical mediums of teaching in favour of

online teaching. Students now no longer have to attend
classes physically at their institutions, and instead attend
them virtually via online platform such as the
aforementioned Microsoft Teams, Google Meets and etc.
This radical shift in teaching methodology has

present both students and teachers unique challenges and
opportunities. Take for example the state of Ontario,
Canada which has mulled the idea of making online classes
a permanently available option for parents even after the
pandemic has subsided. Canadian Minister of Education
Stephen Lecce said that making online classes a
permanent option for students might be a good idea, citing
that there indeed are students who excel better in the online
medium. This idea was met with mix reactions from the
parent and educators. Opponents to the idea stated that an
essential part of early development was the development of
social skills amongst children and the necessary
interactions that allow for are simply not sufficient via online
classes. Proponents cited potential benefits such as a more
conducive learning environment for the minority of students
with learning difficulties and anxiety issues. (CBC News,
2001)
Despite this, the concept of online learning is not

something new as the sudden surge of its prevalence was
only necessitated by the Covid-19 pandemic, meanwhile
the popularity of online courses, diplomas, professional
certifications, and open universities have been steadily on
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the rise in recent years. According to ( (Koksal, 2020),

Online learning has seen significant growth in the past 10
years as the emergence of online learning platforms such
as Udemy, Coursera, Masterclass etc. has opened up new
opportunities to people looking to acquire new skills and
knowledge. Even without taking into consideration the
Covid-19 pandemic, Research and Markets forecasts the
online education market to be worth $350 Billion USD by
the year 2025. According to Koskal, the one of the biggest
appeals of online learning to students, in this case referring
to adult demographic, is the freedom to plan a study
schedule that suits their needs. As most online courses
allow you to learn at your own pace, you are no longer
confined to schedule of an institution. Another important
factor driving the appeal of online learning is simply its cost
effectiveness. When compared to traditional institutions, the
cost of online certifications, courses, are significantly lesser.
● Pernyataan masalah/hipotesis/kerangka konseptual

(Problem statement /hypothesis/conceptual framework)
The current Covid-19 pandemic has forced a

sudden unprecedented shift from physical learning to online
learning for most educational institutions, including
universities. The consequences of this radical shift, be it
positive or negative, is not well understood in the Malaysian
context. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effects of
this shift in instruction medium by surveying the views and
perspectives of both students and lecturers of University of
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Malaya. Currently, there is lack of information on the

perspectives of both students and lectures in relation to this
shift to a fully online learning platform.
One of the more common concerns regarding the

implementation of online learning is the accompanying
social isolation. We humans are innately social creatures
hence a lack of social interaction has been linked to serious
health impediments such as depression, poor sleep quality,
impaired executive function, accelerated cognitive decline,
poor cardiovascular function and impaired immunity at
every stage of life (Novotney, 2019)
Another serious concern of online learning is that it

requires more self-discipline and time management skills. It
is known that the most significant factor leading to students
not completing online courses is a lack of motivation. This is
opposed to the physical classroom that boosts student
motivation to learn by requiring the student to actively
interact and participate in the session. This leads us to one
of the major issues assumed to be faced by lecturers, which
is a lack of student participation.
In the physical classroom, the interactions between

the student and the teacher are much more verbose, in the
sense that the teacher is able to provide instant and more
importantly personalised feedback to each student. This
has been proven to improve student morale and motivation.
One of the major drawbacks of online learning is an
inherent lack of this two-way interaction between the
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teacher and the student. Something as simple as being

able to view the facial expressions of their students during a
lecture provides the teacher valuable feedback on the
effectiveness of their lesson. We are unsure how this
reduced student participation affects the lecturers ability to
effectively carry out their lessons.
Another concern of lecturers in regard to online

learning is the inability to carry out proper assessments
while preventing their students from cheating and sharing
answers. Student assessments are a key component in the
learning process as for the student, it identifies gaps in
understanding of the topics taught and for the teacher, it is
a measure of the effectiveness of their lessons. Online
platforms do not allow, or are simply not convenient
enough, to properly monitor student activity during the
assessments. This leads to fraudulent test results that
contribute no improvement to both the student and the
teacher.
Inversely, there are some perceived advantages of

online learning. For students ,it is mainly the convenience of
being able to attend classes from the comfort of their own
homes and the reduced living expenses by not having to
stay on campus. However, it is unclear if the advantages
offered by online learning outweigh the disadvantages to
the extent that students would, if given the option to, opt for
online learning over physical classes.
It is unclear what the perceived advantages of

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online classes are for the teachers. These are the important
gaps that this study intends to further investigate.
• Persoalan kajian (Research questions)
1. What are the advantages and drawbacks of online

learning/teaching based on your personal
experience?
2. Do the advantages of online learning outweigh its
drawbacks?
3. Do you feel that the online learning experience to be
as effective as physical classes?
4. What are the ways we can improve the online learning
experience to better emulate the advantages of
physical classes?
5. If given the choice, would you prefer online learning
over physical classes?
• Matlamat Kajian (Aim of the study)
Aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of online

learning in comparison to physical classes by surveying the
personal experience of both students and lecturers of
Universiti Malaya.
• Objectif Kajian (Objective(s) of the study)

1. To determine the advantages and disadvantages of
online learning to students of the Faculty of Computer
Science and Information Technology of Universiti
Malaya. it is limitation of online study, not
disadvantages
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2. To determine the advantages and disadvantages of

online teaching to lecturers of the Faculty of Computer
Science and Information Technology of Universiti
Malaya.
3. To evaluate the efficacy of continued online learning
post Covid-19 pandemic.
• Hipotesis/kerangka konseptual- jika berkaitan

(hypothesis/conceptual framework- if applicable)
Based on the literature review conducted, the following

hypotheses are proposed:
H1: Online learning is less effective than physical classes.

HO1: Online learning and physical classes are equally
effective.
• Kepentingan Kajian (Siginificance of Study)
The main objective of this study is to better

understand the perspective of both students and teachers
on the implementation of online learning by evaluating their
personal experiences and opinions. This study also intends
to understand what improvements can be made to the
current online learning model to better suit the needs of
both students and lecturers while maintaining ease of
access and quality. Finally, this study also intends to the
perspective of students and lecturers on the potential
continuation of online learning post Covid-19.
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● Skop kajian (Scope of the study)
This study is limited to students and lecturers of the Faculty of

Computer Science and Information Technology of Universiti
Malaya.
● Kajian literasi (Literature review)
Online Learning
According to online learning researcher (Bates, 2016), he

defines online learning as “Any form of learning conducted
partly or wholly over the Internet”. According to Bates, there is
an important distinction to be made between another
prevailing application of online learning, namely Emergency
Remote Teaching, which he defines as “A temporary shift of
instructional delivery to an alternate delivery mode due to
crisis circumstances. It involves the use of fully remote
teaching solutions for instruction or education that would
otherwise be delivered face-to-face or as blended or hybrid
courses and that will return to that format once the crisis or
emergency has abated. While the prevailing understanding of
the term “Online Learning” refers to “a form of distance
education in which a course is intentionally designed in
advanced to be delivered fully online”
To Bates, teaching in the 21st century is a spectrum. On one

end of the spectrum, you have the traditional face-to-face
teaching method in which the teacher delivers the contents of
the class verbally, in front of their students. In the middle of
spectrum, you have a blended mode of teaching. In this mode,
the role of the teacher is maintained however significant
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learning aids are introduced to facilitate the teaching process.

These learning aids include the use of audio-visual
equipment, to necessitating each student to use a laptop
computer for the class. On the other end of the spectrum lies
Bates original definition of Online Learning, in which the
students learn entirely online, without having to be on campus.
Effective Education
In a publication by ( American Association for the

Advancement of Science, 1990 ), it is claimed that learning is
not necessarily an outcome of teaching. Cognitive research
has shown that even with what we would normally consider as
“good teaching”, it does not guarantee an understanding in the
learners. It is found that most learners, even the brightest
ones, tend to understand less than that is expected by their
teachers. Hence, it is important that one of the key focuses of
shaping a curriculum should be an emphasis on just a few key
concepts, i.e., an approach that focuses more on quality of
education versus the quantity of information covered.
( American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990

) argues that the way students learn is heavily influenced by
their existing ideas on the topic. When learning a new topic,
students often have to make their own meanings of the
concepts being presented regardless of how simplistic the
material might be. The human learning process involves
connecting new information and concepts to things we already
understand or believe. Hence, it is important here that new
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concepts are learnt in a variety of contexts to further improve

understanding. This is best achieved by progressing from the
concrete to the abstract during the learning process, as the
concrete understanding forms an essential basis to more
abstract concepts.
In addition to making new connections, another essential part

of an effective learning process is the ability to restructure and
radically rethink previously understood information and
concepts. In other words, in order to learn effectively, a
learner must be able to actively change or even discard
previously long-held ideas and beliefs surrounding a given
concept.
Studies have shown that students learn better when they are
allowed to put into practise the new concepts that they have
learnt. The standard model of repetitive learning is not
effective in developing a deep understanding for given
concept. The better alternative to this is using newly learnt
concept in solving concrete real-world understanding. This
method of learning promotes critical thinking in a way that
further reinforces the concepts learnt.
Another important aspect of effective learning according to (

American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990 )
is the feedback to the learner, from both their peers and
teachers. The learning process is most effective when the
learner is able to express their ideas as they develop while
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receiving constructive feedback from their teachers and their

peers. This process of feedback aids the learning process of
not only the learner that is expressing their understanding but
also other learns present during the discussion as it allows
them to fill in gaps in their knowledge. (Appanna, 2008)
Benefits of Online Learning to Students.
Online learning, especially asynchronous courses, allow

students to be more flexible with their schedule. They are able
to fit in course learning and preparation hours into their daily
schedules to their convenience. This is especially beneficial to
students who are working part-time or even full-time students
who are looking to learn a new skill on the side, without
affecting their working hours. In addition to that, online
learning saves the student significant hours due to not having
to travel to and from their institutions daily, thus improving
productivity.
Another big advantage of online learning is that it is often

times significantly cheaper than attending face-to-face
classes. By carrying out their courses from the comforts of
their own homes, students save in transport costs from not
having to travel every day, meal costs from not having to eat
out as often, housing costs as they do not require on campus
accommodation and to a lesser extent, reduced fees, as some
educational institutions have passed on waivers for lab fees
and ICT services fees. (Heap, 2017)
One benefit of not having to travel to a physical location to

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attend classes is that is significantly boosts accessibility for

students hence improving student participation and
attendance by reducing the likelihood of students not being
able to attend class. (Gautam, 2020). Gautam also suggests
that online learning suits a variety of learning styles found
amongst students. Some students learn best in collaborative
environments while other students may not be able to focus in
large groups and hence prefer to study on their own. Online
learning platforms each student the option to choose a
learning style that suits them best.
Drawbacks of Online Learning to Students
According to (Tamm, 2019), Online Learning has been linked

to causing social isolation amongst students. As mentioned in
the background of this proposal, social isolation has been
linked to several health issues such as cardiovascular issue
and impaired immunity as well as mental health issues such
as depressive symptoms, negative thoughts, and anxiety.
Symptoms of social isolation are mainly due to a lack of
communication. This is due to an inherent shortfall of online
learning platforms which fail to promote student cooperation.
Another drawback of online learning is that it requires students

to be independently motivated and have good time
management skills. As previously mentioned, one of the main
reasons why students do not complete online courses is
because of a lack of motivation and procrastination. The
typical face-to-face class motivates students to actively
participate in the lesion via in class activities and lecturer
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supervision, which can be cumbersome to effectively emulate

on online platforms. In online learning, there exists little else
other than the own motivations of the student to keep up with
the contents of their classes. As a consequence of this,
students may find it more difficult to keep up with deadlines in
online learning.
In addition to that, continued online learning may reduce the

opportunity for students to improve their communication skills.
A key aspect of education is learning to work effectively in
teams with your peers, as proper communication and
teamwork skills are essential later on in the workplace. Tamm
suggest that courses engaging in online learning should carry
out peer-to-peer group activities in order to negate this
problem.
Online Teaching for Lecturers
According to (Stoeva, 2018), there are many benefits to online

teaching for teachers. E-learning platforms allow teachers to
easily connect and communicate with their students, even
outside standard class hours. This works both ways, as the
student benefits from being able to have their queries
answered timely rather than having to wait for the class.
Another key benefit of online learning for teachers is that it
grants them greater flexibility in teaching as well as class
scheduling. Online learning platforms allow lecturers to take
tailor their lessons using a variety of learning aids such as
video assignments, interactive quizzes, and presentations that
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enrich the learning experience for the student. In terms of

scheduling, teachers are granted more flexibility in the sense
that they are able to reschedule an existing class or conduct
additional classes with relative ease, as such changes incur
minimal effects to students, compared to traditional face to
face classes which require students to physically travel to and
from classes. (Stoeva, 2018) also cites efficiency as another
benefit teachers enjoy from online teaching as they save
greatly on commute times.
On the flip side, there are a number of significant problems

faced by educators when conducting their teaching on a fully
online platform. According to (Tamm, 2019), one
disadvantage of teaching online is the inability to conduct
assessments effectively as the teachers are not able to
prevent their students from cheating. In the traditional
classroom, cheating is easily preventable by the simple act of
supervision during an assessment, however due to
technological limitations, it is infeasible for teachers to
adequately supervise their students during assessment. One
solution to combat this is to require students to enable their
video feed during the assessment, however it is found to be
quite easily spoofed with virtual webcam emulation software.
This is detrimental to the teachers ability to accurately
determined weak points in the understanding of their students
and inversely, students are no longer motivated to study for
their quizzes and assessment as they are effectively open
book in the online learning environment.
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Another concern educators have with online learning is its

accessibility which may be hindered by technological barriers.
In an article by (Online Learning Insights, 2014), it is cited
that some student may have difficulties accessing online
course material due to inadequate Internet facilities,
bandwidth limitations and poor internet speed. Despite
significant advances in Internet infrastructure, many students
from rural areas of developing countries or 3rd world countries
may find it difficult to access course materials. However, this
technological barrier is not limited to only student with inferior
internet infrastructure, as poverty is also cited to be a major
stumbling block for students having to attend online classes.
Access to online learning is dependent on two key factors,
one is having a good Internet connection as well as having the
right device (such as laptops and tablets). It is found that the
urban poor often struggle to meet the latter need as the cost
of such devices may be beyond their means. (Lin Y.
Muilenburga, 2005)
According to (Edulogy, n.d.), certain disciplines of study such

as, but not limited to, medicine and engineering are not able to
be adequately carried out on an online platform. Such
disciplines require significant amounts of hands-on practical
work as part of their curriculum and there is simply no
substitute for said hands-on practice available via online
learning platforms. Currently, the mode of online learning is
best suited to disciplines such as social sciences and
humanities.
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● Reka bentuk eksperimen (Experimental design)
This study will be conducted via a mixed method (qualitatively

and quantitatively) approach by utilising a standardised
questionnaire provided to target demographic of this study. The
questionnaire will consist of a combination of Likert-scale and
open-ended questions.
Since this study aims to survey the views of two groups of

people, namely the students and the lectures, separate
questionaries will be prepared for each group. The questionnaire
shall be comparative in nature, to survey opinion and preference
between online learning and physical classes. For the students,
the questionnaire shall gauge their views on the following issues
pertaining to online learning:
ii. Ease of access

iii. Ease of understanding
iv. Study-life balance
v. Stress
vi. Time management
4. Metodologi vii. Examination effectiveness
: viii. General limitations in comparison to physical classes.
Methodology
For the lecturers, the questionnaire will be gauging their views on

the following issues pertaining to online teaching:
i. Ease of teaching
ii. Ease of student assessment
iii. Stress
iv. Work-life balance
v. Time management
vi. Examination effectiveness
ix. General concerns in comparison to physical classes.
● Populasi/Saiz persampelan/kaedah Persampelan

(Population/Sample Size/Sampling Techniques)
This research is aimed to study the perceived advantages and

disadvantages of online distance learning in comparison to
physical learning for students and lecturers of the Faculty of
Computer Science and Information Technology of Universiti
Malaya. Due to the previously mentioned limitation of online
learning not being able to cater to the needs of every discipline of
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study, this research shall be focused only on discipline of

Computer Science and Information Technology.
Random sampling will be used in this study. The target sample

size of student respondents shall be (n=100) and the target
sample size for lecturers shall be (n=20).
● Kaedah Pengumpulan Data (Instrumentation for Data

Collection)
Responses shall be conducted via a questionnaire-based

approach using Google Forms. The questionnaire shall be sent
out electronically via email and social media platforms such as
Instagram and Facebook.
In the interest of obtaining truthful and honest responses from the

respondents, no personally identifiable information such as
names, email addresses, contact numbers, or any identification
numbers shall be collected. Respondents will only be required to
select the faculty department they belong to.
● Teknik menganalisis data (Data analysis techniques)
Qualitative data collected from the survey shall be analysed via

qualitative content analysis. This involves looking for patterns
within the open-ended responses obtained. Qualitative data shall
be tabulated and analysed using Microsoft Excel.
● Isu-isu etika dan kerahsiaan (Jika berkenaan) (Ethical &

Confidentiality issues (if applicable))
- Not Applicable
● Kelulusan yang diperlukan (Consent required)
- Not Applicable
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5. Kemahiran dan kecekapan yang bakal diperolehi daripada kajian:

Expected skills and competencies to be developed from the study:
1. Ability to read, analysis and extract meaning from published research papers.
2. Ability to gain useful insights from the research outcomes.
3. Ability to find relevant articles to expand understanding in this area.
4. Ability to think critically.
5. Ability to prepare an effective and comprehensive research proposal.
6. Ability to prepare an effective and conclusive research report.
7. Development and cultivation of the principles of academic honesty.
6. Carta gantt kajian dan jadual perbatuan:

Gantt chart of research activities with milestones
9th March – 9th April – 9th May – 8th 9th June –

8th April 8th May June 9th July
Identify research area
Literature review
Formulate research objectives
Formulate research design, and method
selection
Selection of participants
Proposal writing
Submission of research proposal
Formulate questionnaire
Conduct survey
Data collection
Data analysis
Logbook submission
First draft reflection
Second draft reflection
Final draft reflection
Submission of reflection report
7. Cadangan belanjawan dan sumber-sumber lain yang diperlukan:

Proposed budget and other resources required:
- Not Applicable.
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8. Rujukan yang sesuai (sekurang-kurangnya 15 rujukan dengan format APA):

Appropriate references (at least 15 references using APA format):
References
American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1990 ). Chapter 13: EFFECTIVE
LEARNING AND TEACHING. Retrieved from Science for all Americans Online:
http://www.project2061.org/publications/sfaa/online/Chap13.htm
Appanna, S. (2008). A Review of Benefits and Limitations of Online Learning in the Context of the
Student, the Instructor and the Tenured Faculty. International Journal on E-Learning.
Bates, T. (16 July, 2016). Online learning for beginners: 1. What is online learning? Retrieved from
https://www.tonybates.ca/2016/07/15/online-learning-for-beginners-1-what-is-online-
learning/
CBC News. (25 March, 2001). Ontario reportedly considering making online school a permanent
option. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/permanent-online-school-
1.5964008
Edulogy. (n.d.). 5 problems e-learning students experience, and how to overcome them. Retrieved
from Edulogy.com: https://www.edology.com/blog/study-and-careers-advice/problems-with-
e-learning/
Gautam, P. (2020). Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Learning. Retrieved from eLearning
Industry: https://elearningindustry.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-online-learning
Heap, T. (5 June, 2017). 5 BENEFITS OF STUDYING ONLINE (VS. FACE-TO-FACE
CLASSROOM). Retrieved from Illinois Online: https://online.illinois.edu/articles/online-
learning/item/2017/06/05/5-benefits-of-studying-online-(vs.-face-to-face-classroom)
Koksal, I. (2 May, 2020). The Rise Of Online Learning. Retrieved from Forbes.com:
www.forbes.com/sites/ilkerkoksal/2020/05/02/the-rise-of-online-learning/
Lin Y. Muilenburga, Z. L. (May, 2005). Student Barriers to Online Learning: A factor analytic study.
Distance Education, 26(1), 29-48.
Merriam-Webster . (2021). "Educate". Retrieved from Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/educating
Novotney, A. (2019). The risks of social isolation. Monitor on Psychology, Vol 50, No. 5.
Online Learning Insights. (13 July, 2014). Retrieved from Online Learning Insights:
https://onlinelearninginsights.wordpress.com/tag/technology-as-barrier-to-online-learning/
Stoeva, Z. (31 May, 2018). What Are the Benefits of E-Learning for Teachers. Retrieved from
Vedamo: https://www.vedamo.com/knowledge/benefits-of-e-learning-for-teachers/
Talbert, R. (13 Jul, 2020). Research report: What are the biggest barriers to online learning?
Retrieved from Robert Talbert, Ph.D: http://rtalbert.org/barriers-for-online-learning/
Tamm, S. (2019). Disadvantages of E-Learning. Retrieved from eStudent.org: https://e-
student.org/disadvantages-of-e-learning/
(RESEARCH PROPOSAL)
GKI 1001
PENYELIDIKAN BEBAS
9. Cadangan daripada penasihat (skurang-kurangnya satu penasihat):

Recommendation from the advisors (minimum 1 advisor):
The objective should be restructured

Literature review should be refined
(D) PENILAIAN KENDIRI (Sila tanda (✔) bagi setiap kategori)
SELF - EVALUATION (Please tick (✔) one from each categories)

A. Tarikh penyerahan
Submission Deadline
Penyerahan dilakukan selewat-lewatnya pada hari Jumaat minggu ke-4 (10 markah)
/ Submission done latest by Friday in the 4th Week (10 marks)
Penyerahan dilakukan pada hari Sabtu dan Ahad minggu ke-4 (8 markah)
Submission done on Saturday and Sunday in the 4th Week (8 marks)

Submission done latest by Friday in the 5th Week (6marks)
Penyerahan dilakukan pada hari Sabtu dan Ahad minggu ke-5 (4 markah)
Submission done on Saturday and Sunday in the 5th Week (4 marks)

Submission done latest by Friday in the 6th Week (2 marks)
Proposal tidak diserahkan (0 markah)
No submission (0 marks)
B. Kesempurnaan
Completeness
Borang cadangan mengandungi kesemua perkara utama yang disenaraikan di dalam borang
templat (10 markah)
The proposal contains all items as per template/guideline (10 marks)
(RESEARCH PROPOSAL)
GKI 1001
PENYELIDIKAN BEBAS
1 markah perlu ditolak bagi setiap satu perkara yang tidak disenaraikan di dalam borang
templat
1 mark should be deducted for every missing item in the proposal
Jumlah markah yang diperolehi: ( __________ )

The total marks obtained
(E) PENGESAHAN PELAJAR

STUDENT VERIFICATION
Saya dengan ini mengesahkan bahawa maklumat yang diberikan adalah benar dan markah
penilaian kendiri adalah refleksi sebenar kerja saya.
I hereby confirm that all the information provided is true and the self-evaluation marks are a reflection of
my work.
………………………………….. …………………………………………..
(Tandatangan pelajar) (Tandatangan Penasihat)
Student’s signature Advisor’s signature
Nama Jeevan Pillai A/L Ramesh Nama

: : Dr Archina Buthiyappan
Name Pillai Name
Tarikh Tarikh
: 7th April, 2021 : 7/4/2021
Date Date

GKI 1001 Penyelidikan Bebas: Student Information

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GKI 1001 Penyelidikan Bebas: Student Information

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BAHAGIAN HAL EHWAL PELAJAR

(Student Affairs Division)

(A) MAKLUMAT PELAJAR

Nama : Jeevan Pillai A/L Ramesh Jantina : Male

Tahap Awal Tahap Akhir

1. Bahasa: Bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Melayu

2. Panjang kertas cadangan adalah sekurang-kurangnya 5 muka surat

• Gunakan tulisan Arial bersaiz 11(Use Arial font size 11)

(C) MAKLUMAT PERANCANGAN

The efficacy of online learning in comparison to physical learning in

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of online learning in

Termasuk perkara berikut (Includes the following):

Education has been the bedrock of every successful

In addition to this, the current Covid-19 pandemic

discontinue their physical mediums of teaching in favour of

This radical shift in teaching methodology has

Despite this, the concept of online learning is not

the rise in recent years. According to ( (Koksal, 2020),

● Pernyataan masalah/hipotesis/kerangka konseptual

The current Covid-19 pandemic has forced a

Malaya. Currently, there is lack of information on the

One of the more common concerns regarding the

Another serious concern of online learning is that it

In the physical classroom, the interactions between

teacher and the student. Something as simple as being

Another concern of lecturers in regard to online

Inversely, there are some perceived advantages of

It is unclear what the perceived advantages of

• Persoalan kajian (Research questions)

1. What are the advantages and drawbacks of online

• Matlamat Kajian (Aim of the study)

Aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of online

• Objectif Kajian (Objective(s) of the study)

2. To determine the advantages and disadvantages of

• Hipotesis/kerangka konseptual- jika berkaitan

Based on the literature review conducted, the following

H1: Online learning is less effective than physical classes.

• Kepentingan Kajian (Siginificance of Study)

The main objective of this study is to better

● Skop kajian (Scope of the study)

This study is limited to students and lecturers of the Faculty of

● Kajian literasi (Literature review)

According to online learning researcher (Bates, 2016), he

To Bates, teaching in the 21st century is a spectrum. On one

learning aids are introduced to facilitate the teaching process.

In a publication by ( American Association for the

( American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990

concepts are learnt in a variety of contexts to further improve

In addition to making new connections, another essential part

Another important aspect of effective learning according to (

receiving constructive feedback from their teachers and their

Benefits of Online Learning to Students.

Online learning, especially asynchronous courses, allow

Another big advantage of online learning is that it is often

One benefit of not having to travel to a physical location to

attend classes is that is significantly boosts accessibility for

Drawbacks of Online Learning to Students

According to (Tamm, 2019), Online Learning has been linked

Another drawback of online learning is that it requires students

supervision, which can be cumbersome to effectively emulate

In addition to that, continued online learning may reduce the

Online Teaching for Lecturers