MEN 409

ASSIGNMENT

1. A shaft of 40mm diameter and 2.5m length has a mass of 15kg per

meter length. It is simply supported at the ends and carries 3 mass

of 90kg, 140kg and 60kg at 0.8m, 1.5m and 2m respectively from

the left support. Take E= 200GNm2, find the frequency of the

transverse vibrations.

Solution: Data’s given

D = 40mm =0.04m, L = 2.5m, Ms = 15kg/m, M1 = 90kg, M2 = 140kg, M3 =

60kg, E = 200GN/m2

where

πd4 Wa2 b2 0.4985

I= W = Mg δ= Fn = =
64 3EIL δs
√δ₁+δ₂+δ₃ +
1.27

πd4 π (0.04)⁴ π(2.56x10‾⁶) 8.042x10‾⁶

I= = = = = I = 1.257x10‾⁷m4
64 64 64 64
 mga2 b2 90x9.81x(0.8)²x(1.7)² 90x9.81x0.64x2.89
δ₁ = = =
3EIL 3x200x109 x1.257x10‾7 x2.5 3x200x109 x1.257x10‾7 x2.5
1633
= = 8.66x10‾³m
188550

mga2 b2 140x9.81x(1.5)2 (1)2

δ₂ = =
3EIL 3x200x109 x1.257x10‾7 x2.5

140x9.81x2.25x1 3090.2
= = = 0.0164m
3x200x109 x1.257x10‾7 x2.5 188550

mga2 b2 60x9.81x(2)2 (0.5)2 60x9.81x4x0.25

δ₃ = = =
3EIL 3x200x109 x1.257x10‾7 x2.5 3x200x109 x1.257x10‾7 x2.5

588.6
= = 3.122x10‾³m
81546225

5WL4 5mgL4 5x15x9.81x(2.5)4

δs = = =
384EI 384EI 384x200x109 x1.257x10‾7

5x15x9.81x39.06 2927.5
= =
384x200x109 x1.257x10‾7 9653760
0.4985
= 3.035x10‾4 m Fn =
√δ₁ + δ₂ + δ₃ + δs
1.27

0.4985
=
√8.66x10‾³ + 0.0164 + 3.122x10‾³ + 3.035x10‾⁴
1.27

0.4985 0.4985
= =
√8.66x10‾³ + 0.0164 + 3.122x10‾³ + 2.4x10‾⁴ √0.0284

0.4985
= Fn = 2.96Hʒ
0.1688
 2. A shaft 1.5m long is supported in flexible bearings at the end and

carries 2 wheels each of 50kg mass. One wheel is situated at the

centre of the shaft and the other at a distance of 0.4m from the

centre towards right. The shaft hollow of external diameter 75mm

and inner diameter 37.5mm. The density of the shaft material is

800kg/m3. The young’s modulus for the shat material is 200GN/m2.

Find the frequency of transverse vibration.

Solution: Data’s given

D1= 75mm = 0.075m, D2= 37.5mm = 0.0375m, E= 200GN/m2, ρ,ℓ=

8000kg/m2

πd4 π ((0.075)4 – (0.0375)4 ) π((3.164x10‾⁵– 1.978x10‾⁶)

I= = =
64 64 64

π(2.966x10‾5 ) 9.31x10‾6
= = I = 1.454x10‾6 m4
64 64

Ms = Area x Length x Density

 πd2 π((0.075)2 − (0.0375)2 ) x 1 x 8000
Ms = =
4 4

π(5.625x10‾3 – 1.406x10‾3 )x 1 x 8000 π(4.219x10‾3 )x 8000

= =
4 4
106.04
= Ms = 26.51kg/m
4

mga2 b2 50x9.81x(0.75)2 (0.75)2 50x9.81x0.5625x0.5625

δ₁ = = 9 6
=
3EIL 3x200x10 x1.454x10‾ x1.5 3x200x109 x1.454x10‾6 x1.5

155.197
= = 1.19x10‾⁴m
1308600

mga2 b2 50x9.81x(1.15)2 (0.35)2 50x9.81x1.323x0.123

δ₂ = = =
3EIL 3x200x109 x1.454x10‾6 x1.5 3x200x109 x1.454x10‾6 x1.5
79.82
= = 6.07x10‾⁵m
1308600

5WL⁴ 5x26.51x9.81x(1.5)⁴ 5x26.51x9.81x5.0625

δs = = =
384EIL 384x200x109 x1.454x10‾6 384x200x109 x1.454x10‾6

6582.85
= = 5.895x10‾⁵m
111667200

0.4985 0.4985
Fn = =
√δ₁ + δ₂ + δs √1.19x10‾⁴ + 6.07x10‾⁵ + 5.895x10‾⁵
1.27 1.27

0.4985 0.4985
= =
√1.19x10‾⁴ + 6.07x10‾⁵ + 4.64x10‾⁵ √2.26𝑥10‾⁴

0.4985
= Fn = 33.23Hʒ
0.0150
 3. A shaft 180mm diameter is supported in two strings 2.5 meters

apart. It carries 3 discs of mass 250kg, 500kg and 200kg at 0.6m,

1.5m and from the left hand. Assuming the mass of shaft 190kg/m,

determine the critical speed of the shaft. Young’s modulus for the

material of the = 211GN/m2

Solution: Data’s given

DD = 180mm = 0.18m, Ms = 190kg/m, E = 211GN/m2

πd4 π (0.18)⁴ π(1.05x10‾3 ) 3.299x10‾³

I= = = = = I = 5.153x10‾⁵ m4
64 64 64 64

mga2 b2 250x9.81x(0.6)2 (1.9)2 250x9.81x0.36x3.61

δ₁ = = =
3EIL 3x211x109 x5.153x10‾5 x2.5 3x211x109 x5.153x10‾5 x2.5
3187.27
= = 3.91x10‾⁵m
81546225

mga2 b2 500x9.81x(1.5)2 (1)2 500x9.81x2.25x1

δ₂ = = =
3EIL 3x211x109 x5.153x10‾⁵x2.5 3x211x109 x5.153x10‾⁵x2.5

11036.25
= = 1.35x10‾⁴m
81546225
 mga2 b2 200x9.81x(2)2 (0.5)2 200x9.81x4x0.25
δ₃ = = =
3EIL 3x211x109 x5.153x10‾⁵x2.5 3x211x109 x5.153x10‾⁵x2.5
1962
= = 2.41x10‾⁵m
81546225

5mgL⁴ 5x190x9.81x(2.5)⁴ 5x190x9.81x39.06

δs = = =
384EI 384x211x109 x5.153x10‾⁵ 384x211x109 x5.153x10‾⁵
364042.97
= = 8.72x10‾⁵m
4175166720

0.4985
Fn =
√δ₁ + δ₂ + δ₃ + δs
1.27

0.4985
=
5
√3.91x10‾5 + 1.35x10‾4 + 2.41x10‾5 + 8.72x10‾
1.27

0.4985
=
√3.91x10‾5 + 1.35x10‾4 + 2.41x10‾5 + 6.87x10‾3

0.4985 0.4985
= = Fn = 30.51Hʒ
√2.67x10‾4 0.0163

Therefore, critical speed of the shaft in rpm is equal to the natural

frequency of transverse vibration in Hʒ. Then the critical speed of the

shaft Nc = 30.51rps (30.51 x 60 = 1830.6rpm)

4. A shaft 12mm in diameter and 600mm long between long bearings

carries a central mass of 4kg. If the centre of gravity of the mass

 is 0.2mm from the axis of the shaft, compute the maximum the ral

stress in the shaft when it is running at the of its critical speed.

The young’s modulus of the material of the shaft is 200 GN/m2.

Solution: Datas given

D = 12mm = 0.012m, I = 600mm = 0.6m, E = 200 GN/m2 = 200x10⁹N/m2

πd4 𝑊𝐿³ 0.4985

I= W = Mg δ= Fn = =
64 48EI δs
√δ₁+δ₂+δ₃ +
1.27

πd4 π(0.012)4 3.142 x 2.07x10‾⁸ 6.50x10‾⁸

I= = = = = 1.016x10‾9 I
64 64 64 64

= 1.016x10‾9 m⁴

WL³ mgL3 4 x 9.81 x (0.6)³ 4 x 9.81 x 0.216

δ= = = =
48EI 48EI 48x200x109 x1.016x10‾⁹ 48x200x109 x1.016x10‾⁹
4 x 9.81 x 0.216 8.48
= = = 8.69x10‾4 δ = 8.69x10‾4
9753.6 9753.6

0.4985 0.4985 0.4985

Fn = = = = 17.19 Fn = 17.19Hʒ
√δ √8.69x10‾4 0.029

σ = Fiexural stress (maximum bending stress) in N/m2 ,

N = Speedof the shaft = 90% of critical speed = 0.9Nc

M σ σI W1 𝑙 W1 𝑙 σI d
𝐵𝑢𝑡 = or M= M= = (y1 = )
1 y1 y1 8 8 y1 2
 8σI 8 x 1.016x10‾9 . σ 8 1.016x10‾9 . σ 8 .12x10‾9 . σ
W1 = = = x =
d 0.012 0.6 0.012 3.6x10‾³
𝑙 x 0.6
2 2 2

= 2.26x10‾⁶σN

W1 2.26x10‾⁶σ 2.26x10‾⁶σ
= x δ = = = 5.76x10‾⁸σ
W 4 x 9.82 39.24

±e ±e ±e
𝑦= = 5.76x10‾8 σ =
W 2 N 2 Nc 2
( Wc ) − 1 ( Nc ) − 1 (0.9N ) −1
c

8
0.2x10‾3 0.2x10‾3
5.76x10‾ σ = ± σ =±
1.23 − 1 5.76𝑥10‾8 x 0.2346

σ = ±14800N/m2 σ = ±14.8x10³N/m2

14.8KN
Hence; σ =
m2

5. A vibrating system consists of a mass of 8kg spring of stiffness

5.6N/mm and a dashpot of damping coefficient of 40N/m/s. find

a. Damping Factor

b. Logarithmic decrement

c. Ratio of the 2 consecutive

Solution Datas given

 Mass, m = 8kg, spring stiffness, k = 5.6n/mm, damping coefficient,

c = 40N/m/s, critical damping is determine by

Cc = 2√km

= 2 x √5.6 x 8

= 2 x √ 44.8

Therefore Cc = 13.39N-sec/m

40
a. E =
13.36

E=3

b. Logarithmic decrement

2πℇ
𝛅=
√1− ℇ2

2xπx3
=
√1 − (3)2

18.85
=
√10

𝛅=6

c. RATIO OF THE TWO CONSECUTIVE;

SAY
X1
X2
 𝛅 = LN
X1
X2

x1
𝖾δ = ,
x2

X1
= 𝖾6
X2

X1
= 403.43.
X2

9. The disk of a torsional pendulum has a moment of inertia of

600kgcm2 and immersed in a viscous fluid. The brass shaft attached

to it is of 10cm diameter and 40cm long. When the pendulum is

vibrating, the observed amplitudes on the same side of the rest

position for successive cycles are 9o, 6o and 4o Determine

a. Logarithmic decrement

b. Damping torque at unit velocity and

c. The periodic time of vibration

Assume for the brass shaft

G = 4.4 x 1010N/m2 Hint d = In O1 /O2 = In 9/6

Solution: Datas given

J = 600kgcm2 = 0.06kgm2, D = 10cm = 0.1m, L = 40cm = 0.4m, G =

4.4x1010N/m2, cycles = 9o, 6o and 4o

θ₁ 9
(a) δ = In = In = 1.5 = I𝑛 (1.5) = 0.405 δ = 0.405
θ₂ 6

2πƐ
(𝑏) δ = = δ = (√1 − Ɛ2 ) = 2πƐ
√1 − Ɛ2

δ2 ( 1 − Ɛ2 ) = (2πƐ)2 δ2 (1 − Ɛ2 ) = 4π²Ɛ2 δ2 − δ2 Ɛ2 ) = 4π²Ɛ2

2 2 2 2 δ2 (4π2 + δ2 )Ɛ2 2 δ2
δ = (4π²Ɛ + δ )Ɛ = Ɛ = 2
4π2 + δ2 4π2 + δ2 4π2 + δ

δ 0.405 0.405
Ɛ= Ɛ= Ɛ=
√4x9.87 + 0.164
√4π2 + δ2 √4x(3.142)2 + (0.405)2

0.405 0.405
Ɛ= = = Ɛ = 0.064
√39.644 6.296

C GI πd4
therefore; Ɛ = But Cₑ = 2√KT J KT = But I =
Cₑ L 32

π(0.1)4 3.142(0.1)4 3.142x1x10‾4 3.142x10‾4

= = = =
32 32 32 32

= 9.82x10‾6 I = 9.82x10‾6 m4
 GI 4.4x1010 x 9.82x10‾⁶ 432080
KT = KT = = K T = 1080200
L 0.4 0.4

Cₑ = 2√KT J = 2√1080200 x 0.06 = 2√64812 = 254.58 x 2

= 509.16 Cₑ = 509.16

C
Using; Ɛ = C = ƐCₑ = 0.064 x 509.16 = 32.586 C = 32.59 Nm/rad
Cₑ

2π 2π 2π
(C) 𝑡𝑝 = = =
wd w√1 − Ɛ2 K
√ T (1 − Ɛ2 )
J

2x 3.142 6.284
= =
1080200
√1080200 x 1 − (0.064)2 0.06
x 0.9964
0.06

2x 3.142
= = 1.48x10‾3 𝑡𝑝 = 1.50x10‾3 sec
√17938521.33