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Unit3 220228110900
Unit3 220228110900
Unit3 220228110900
Department : CSE
Year/Semester : III/V
way, the network layer maintains the data integrity and source
authentication services.
4/5/2022 Karpagam Institute of Technology 9
Other services in Network Layer
Error Control: Although it can be implemented in the network
layer, but it is usually not preferred because the data packet in a
network layer maybe fragmented at each router, which makes
error checking inefficient in the network layer.
Total delay
= M*(Transmission delay + propagation delay)+
(M-1)*(Processing delay + Queuing delay) +
(N-1)*(Transmission delay)
For N connecting link in the circuit –
Transmission delay = N*L/R
Propagation delay = N*(d/s)
Solution
We replace each group of 8 bits with its equivalent decimal number (see
Appendix B) and add dots for separation.
Supernetting
As the blocks in class A and B were almost
consumed so, new organizations consider
class C. But, the block of class C is too small
then the requirement of the organization. In
this case, the solution which came out is
supernetting which grants to join the blocks
of class C to form a larger block which
satisfies the address requirement of the
organization. 4/5/2022 Karpagam Institute of Technology 64
Subnetting
A subnet, or subnetwork, is a segmented piece
of a larger network.
More specifically, subnets are a logical partition
of an IP network into multiple, smaller network
segments.
Organizations will use a subnet to subdivide
large networks into smaller, more efficient
subnetworks.
172.16.0.0 - 172.32.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
Solution:
IP address 140.11.36.22
Mask 255.255.255.0
140.11.36.0
$ ping google.com
Easy to configure.
Disadvantage –
Auto Configuration
Advanced Routing
Additional Functions
Security
Resource allocation