MD-11 Systems description-Aural-Visual Warning

Rotate MD-11 Manual.
Aural/Visual Warning
CHAPTER 3
AURAL/VISUAL WARNING
INDEX:
DESCRIPTION
GENERAL
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEM (EIS) ALERTING
LEVEL 3 ALERTS
LEVEL 2 ALERTS
LEVEL 1 ALERTS
LEVEL 0 ALERTS
REMINDER MESSAGES
INHIBITS
TAKEOFF INHIBITS
LANDING INHIBITS
TAKEOFF ESSENTIAL ITEMS CHECKLIST
LANDING ESSENTIAL ITEMS CHECKLIST
EAD Alerts
SD Alerts And Consequences
SD Consequences Page
SD Status Page
SD Miscellaneous Page
CENTRAL AURAL WARNING SYSTEM (CAWS)
LANDING GEAR WARNING
ENGINE FIRE WARNING
ALTITUDE ADVISORY WARNING
TAKEOFF WARNING
COCKPIT TIMER AURAL TONE
CABIN LOW PRESSURE WARNING
OVERSPEED WARNINGS
AUTOPILOT DISCONNECT
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER MOTION WARNING
TIRE FAILURE WARNING
WINDSHEAR WARNING
RADIO ALTITUDE CALLOUT
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

Master Warning and Master Caution Lights
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Rotate MD-11 Manual. Aural/Visual Warning
System Display Control Panel
ENVIRONMENTAL ALERT SYSTEM

GENERAL
GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM (GPWS)

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
MODE 1 - EXCESSIVE DESCENT RATE
MODE 2 EXCESSIVE TERRAIN CLOSURE
MODE 3 - ALTITUDE LOSS AFTER TAKEOFF OR LOW GO-AROUND
MODE 4 - UNSAFE TERRAIN CLEARANCE
MODE 5 - EXCESSIVE GLIDESLOPE DEVIATION
MODE 6 - EXCESSIVE BANK ANGLE
GPWS CONTROLS
WX BRT KNOB
ND RANGE SWITCHES
TERRAIN OVRD SWITCH-LIGHT
FLAP OVRD / TEST SWITCH
BELOW GS / GS INHIBIT SWITCH
GPWS Flap Override/Test Switch And GPWS Below G/S / G/S Inhibit Switch
TCAS
CONTROLS
Glareshield Control Panel (GCP) and XPDR/TCAS Control Panel
Color Indications and Symbols
Aural Messages
Failure Messages
Flight Director Interface
Primary Flight Display
ND, in Map Mode with TRFC
ND, in TCAS Mode
WEATHER RADAR
Weather Radar Control Panel
Weather Radar Display
PWS, TCAS, AND GPWS ALERTS
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DESCRIPTION
GENERAL
Warning and alerting consists of Electronic Instrument System (EIS), Central Aural Warning System (CAWS) and
Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS).
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEM (EIS) ALERTING

The EIS alerting system displays alerts on the CRTs in the cockpit.
The system also displays the consequences, if any, of the alerts. The EIS alerting system consists of:
● MASTER WARNING and MASTER CAUTION lights (MW/MC).
● The engine and alert display (EAD).
● The system display (SD).
● The system display control panel (SDCP).
Alerts are categorized into four levels (3, 2, 1, and 0). Alert levels have unique display characteristics to allow
immediate crew recognition of the alert level.
The EAD alerts are filtered. Only the root cause alert will be displayed. Additional alerts which occur as a result
of the initial failure are inhibited.
Pushing the associated system cue switch on the SDCP will cause the associated system synoptic page to be
displayed on the SD and also resets the MASTER CAUTION or MASTER WARNING lights if they are lit and no
other lights are lit.
On the SD page a PRESS (associated cue switch) AGAIN TO CONTINUE message tells the pilot that alerts or
consequences on subsequent SD pages can be accessed by pushing the associated cue switch. The associated
cue switch part of the message flashes until all pages have been reviewed.
LEVEL 3 ALERTS
Level 3 (red) alerts indicate emergency operational conditions that require immediate crew awareness and
immediate corrective or compensatory action by the crew. Level 3 alerts are characterized as follows:
● Tritone for most level 3 alerts.
● Red MASTER WARNING lights illuminate.
● Boxed red alert on the EAD with a red triangle in the first position.
● Alert is positioned starting at top left corner of the alert list on the EAD.
● Associated cue switch will illuminate white on the SDCP.
● Level 3 alerts are acknowledged but not reset by pushing the associated cue switch.
● Cue switches are resettable by acknowledging associated alerts.
● MASTER WARNING lights are resettable by pushing either the MASTER WARNING light or by pushing
associated cue switch.
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LEVEL 2 ALERTS
Level 2 (amber) alerts indicate abnormal operational system conditions that require immediate crew awareness
and subsequent corrective or compensatory action by the crew. Level 2 alerts are characterized as follows:
● Amber MASTER CAUTION lights illuminate.
● Will be positioned below any level 3 alert in alert list on the EAD.
● Boxed amber alert on the EAD.
● Associated cue switch on the SDCP will illuminate white.
● Alert is acknowledged and possibly reset by pushing associated lit cue switch on the SDCP.
● A boxed amber reminder message will appear on the EAD when a level 2 alert has been reset.
● Cue switches are resettable by acknowledging associated alerts.
● MASTER CAUTION lights are resettable by pushing either MASTER CAUTION light or the associated cue
switch.
LEVEL 1 ALERTS
LEVEL 1
Level 1 alerts (amber) may require maintenance prior to takeoff, or confirmation of desired system
configuration. Level 1 alerts are characterized as follows:
● Amber MASTER CAUTION lights illuminate.
● Amber alert appears on the EAD.
● Alert will be positioned below any level 3 or 2 alerts in the alert list on the EAD.
● Associated cue switch will illuminate white on the SDCP.
● Alert is acknowledged and possibly reset by pushing associated lit cue switch on the SDCP.
● An amber reminder message will appear on the EAD when a level 1 alert has been reset.
● MASTER CAUTION lights are resettable by pushing either the MASTER CAUTION light or the associated
cue switch on the SDCP.
Some level 1 alerts are maintenance alerts that appear on the SD status page only and will not illuminate an SD
CP cue switch or the MASTER CAUTION lights.
LEVEL 0 ALERTS
LEVEL 0
Level 0 (cyan) alerts are generally operational or aircraft systems status indications. Level 0 alerts are
characterized as follows:
● A cyan alert on the EAD.
● Alert will be positioned above the space for reminder messages at the bottom right of the EAD
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REMINDER MESSAGES
When level 1 or 2 alerts have been reset by pushing the associated cue switch on the SDCP, the alert is removed
from the alert list on the EAD and a reminder message consisting of the associated system name FUEL, HYD etc.
is shown in a dedicated location within the two bottom lines of the right column on the EAD. These reminder
messages are amber and are boxed for level 2 alerts and amber and unboxed for level 1 alerts.
INHIBITS
TAKEOFF INHIBITS
Level 3 alerts and associated MASTER WARNING lights are inhibited from V1 to 400 feet RA, but no longer than
25 seconds in-air. Level 2 or 1 alerts and associated MASTER CAUTION lights are inhibited at throttle advance or
80 knots or V1 -20 knots. The takeoff inhibits are released at 400 feet RA (or in-air for 25 seconds), or 1000 feet
barometric above the departure airport (or in-air for 120 seconds). Level 0 alerts are not inhibited.
Takeoff inhibit exceptions are as follows:
● The level 3 ENGINE FIRE alerts are not inhibited during takeoff, but the associated MASTER WARNING
lights are inhibited at V1.
● MASTER CAUTION lights associated with the level 2 TIRE FAIL alert are inhibited from V1 -20 knots to
400 feet RA (or in the air for 25 seconds).
● The level 1 FUEL DUMP ON alert is not inhibited.
LANDING INHIBITS
Level 3 alerts and associated MASTER WARNING lights are not inhibited during landing. Level 2 or 1 alerts and
associated MASTER CAUTION light are inhibited from 1000 feet barometric altitude above field elevation to 80
knots ground speed (but no longer than 120 seconds), or from 100 feet RA to 80 knots ground speed (but no
longer than 25 seconds). Level 0 alerts are not inhibited. The level 1 FUEL DUMP ON alert is not inhibited.
TAKEOFF ESSENTIAL ITEMS CHECKLIST

During taxi, the EIS initiates a check of essential takeoff items. Takeoff items are checked sequentially. The EIS
provides a dedicated space at the bottom of the center column on the EAD for display of the takeoff essential
item checklist. When this checklist is displayed, any alerts are displaced.
The takeoff essential items checklist consists of the following ordered list of conditions and boxed messages.
CONDITION MESSAGE COLOR

STAB not in green STAB TRIM White
Slats not in takeoff SLAT White
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Flaps not in takeoff FLAP White

Park brake on BRAKE White
Spoilers not armed SPOILERS White
The checklist is sequentially checked from the top. Only the highest condition not met is displayed. When a
condition is met, the EIS continues down the list displaying the next condition not met. When all takeoff
conditions have been satisfied, an empty green box is displayed in the essential items checklist area.
Before takeoff, if takeoff flap setting does not match flap value on the FMS TAKEOFF page:
● The green takeoff-checklist-complete box will not appear and;
● The flap takeoff warnings will activate if throttles are advanced for takeoff.
With the exception of the spoilers, takeoff essential items that have not been satisfied will cause the checklist
display (message and box) to turn red when the aircraft begins the takeoff roll. The essential items checklist is
removed when airspeed exceeds 80 knots.
LANDING ESSENTIAL ITEMS CHECKLIST

During the approach phase, the EIS initiates a check of essential landing items. This checklist is displayed in the
same position and manner as the takeoff essential items checklist.
The landing essential items checklist consists of the following ordered list of conditions and messages.

Landing gear not down LANDING GEAR White
Flaps not in landing FLAP White

Spoilers not armed SPOILERS White
The checklist is sequentially checked from the top. Only the highest condition not met is displayed. When a
condition is met, the EIS continues down the list displaying the next condition not met. When all landing
conditions have been satisfied, an empty green box is displayed in the essential items checklist area.
The essential items checklist is removed when the aircraft is on the ground.
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EAD Alerts
ALERT LEVEL 0
ALERT LEVEL 3 ENG HYD ELEC AIR
ALERT LEVEL 2 FUEL CONFIG MISC
ALERT LEVEL 1
LOWER 1/3 OF EAD
Alerts are presented in three columns in the lower 1/3 of the EAD. Each column allows alerts up to 17
characters long, including leading triangles for level 3 alerts. The first two columns may contain six messages,
but the third column is limited to only four messages because the two bottom lines are dedicated for reminder
messages. Alerts are presented in the following order (from top left to bottom right):
● Level 3 alerts are displayed in red, boxed in red, and have leading triangles.
● Level 2 alerts are shown in amber and boxed in amber.
● Level 1 alerts are displayed in amber and are presented below any level 3 or level 2 alerts.
● Level 0 alerts are displayed in cyan and are presented above the dedicated reminder message area.
When level 1 or 2 alerts have been reset by pushing the associated cue switch on the SDCP, the alert is removed
from the alert list on the EAD and a reminder message consisting of the associated system name FUEL, HYD,
etc., is shown in a dedicated location within the two bottom lines of the right column on the EAD. These
reminder messages are amber and are boxed for level 2 alert messages and amber and unboxed for level 1
alerts.
SD Alerts And Consequences
Pushing the associated system cue switch on the SDCP will cause the associated system synoptic page to be
displayed on the SD and also resets the MASTER CAUTION or MASTER WARNING lights if they are lit and no
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other lights are lit.

Consequences are displayed in the right column of the SD. Alerts are shown in the left column and are the same
as displayed on the EAD.
When there are additional pages, the message PRESS XXX AGAIN TO CONTINUE will be displayed at top of the
page where XXX is the associated cue switch.
SD Consequences Page
The consequence page is selected to appear on the SD by pushing the CONSEQ switch on the SDCP. The
consequence page displays consequences associated with level 2 and level 3 alerts.
The alerts are grouped by level and appear in the same order as they appear on the EAD. The consequences
associated with an alert are displayed adjacent to that alert.
This page and all subsequent pages can display up to 21 alerts and 21 consequences. When additional pages
are required, the message PRESS CONSEQ AGAIN TO CONTINUE will appear at the top of the page.
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SD Status Page
The status page is selected to appear in the SD by pushing the STATUS switch on the SDCP. The status page
displays a list of all alerts included on the systems pages. The alerts are shown in three columns in the same
format as on the EAD. The alerts are grouped per system in a predetermined order. When there are additional
pages, the message PRESS STATUS AGAIN TO CONTINUE will appear at the top of the page.
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SD Miscellaneous Page
The miscellaneous system page is selected to appear on the SD by pushing the MISC switch on the SDCP. The
miscellaneous system page displays alerts and consequences for various uncategorized systems in text form
only. When additional pages are required, the message PRESS STATUS AGAIN TO CONTINUE will appear at the
top of the page.
CENTRAL AURAL WARNING SYSTEM (CAWS)

The CAWS consists of a controller that provides a direct interface with all aural warning subsystems by receiving
logic commands that trigger the corresponding tones and voice warnings.
The CAWS controller will generate voice warnings stored digitally to supplement some of the aural warnings.
Each of the applicable voice warnings is preceded by the applicable tone. The tones and the respective voice
warnings are cycled (one second tone/as required seconds voice), for the duration of the warning period.
For the purpose of the simulation, the sounds produced by this system are routed to the “Aircraft Interior”
channel in the simulator sound settings, as would be heard inside the aircraft’s cockpit.
LANDING GEAR WARNING

The CAWS will provide an aural warning (tone and voice) for an unsafe landing configuration. An unsafe
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configuration is defined by either of the following conditions:

● Any gears not down and locked and flaps in landing configuration.
● Any gears not down and locked, any throttle(s) retarded to idle, airspeed less than 210 knots, and flaps
not in landing configuration (less than 31.5°).
For condition 1 above, if the wing flaps exceed 31.5°, the only way that the aural warning can be silenced is by
extension of the landing gear to the down and locked position.
The aural warning for condition 2 can be silenced manually with the GEAR HORN OFF button on the forward
pedestal if the flap angle does not exceed 31°. The landing gear warning function will activate whenever the
throttles are retarded to idle.
ENGINE FIRE WARNING

The CAWS will provide an aural warning (tone and voice) when a fire is detected by the engine fire detection
system. Refer to the Fire Protection chapter for a description of the engine fire detection system.
ALTITUDE ADVISORY WARNING

The CAWS will sound an aural warning (tone and voice) to caution the flight crew if the aircraft approaches a
preselected altitude or deviates from the preselected altitude. The altitude advisory operates independently
from the engagement of the flight director or autopilot. The altitude advisory function receives input from both
flight control computers (FCC). This dual advisory circuit will annunciate the first advisory signal received.
TAKEOFF WARNING
The CAWS will provide a takeoff aural warning (tone and voice) when the aircraft is on the ground, throttle 1 or
2 is advanced and any one of the following conditions is met:
CONDITION VOICE WARNING

Slats are not in takeoff position SLATS
Spoilers are extended SPOILERS
Flaps are not in takeoff position (+/3 degrees) FLAPS
CONDITION VOICE WARNING

Stabilizer i s not in takeoff position STABILIZER
Parking brake is not released BRAKES
COCKPIT TIMER AURAL TONE

An aural tone will sound when the cockpit timer has counted down to zero.
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CABIN LOW PRESSURE WARNING

The CAWS will provide an aural warning (tone and voice) for detected cabin low pressure. The warning will
automatically actuate when the cabin altitude exceeds 10,000 feet. The warning will cycle three times and reset
when the altitude switch resets.
OVERSPEED WARNINGS
The CAWS will provide an aural warning (tone and voice) when an overspeed condition is detected by either
central air data computer ( CADC). The CAWS will also provide an aural warning whenever the aircraft exceeds
the maximum speed with the slats extended. The aural warning will sound when airspeed exceeds 280 knots
and the slats are extended.
AUTOPILOT DISCONNECT
The CAWS will provide an aural warning (tone and voice) when a disconnect signal is received from either
autopilot.
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER MOTION WARNING

The CAWS will provide an aural warning (tone and voice) when the horizontal stabilizer deviates one degree or
more for a given length of time. The warning will be on until the horizontal stabilizer sensor goes off.
TIRE FAILURE WARNING

The CAWS unit will sound an aural warning (voice only) when a tire failure is detected. A voice warning TIRE
FAILURE will sound three times.
WINDSHEAR WARNING
The CAWS will sound an aural warning (tone and voice) if a windshear signal is received from FCC 1 or 2.
RADIO ALTITUDE CALLOUT

The CAWS will monitor radio altimeter 1 and 2 inputs and lock on to the first altimeter to transmit a 50 foot
signal. The first altimeter's signal will be used for the remainder of the flare callouts. Any single callout will
annunciate once at the exact altitude and will not reset until the aircraft climbs 500 feet above the trip altitude.
Callouts will be sounded when either of the radio altimeters sends the applicable altitude signal.
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CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
Master Warning and Master Caution Lights
1. MASTER WARNING Lights - red

Both lights will illuminate red when a level 3 alert has appeared on the EAD. Pushing either light will
extinguish both MASTER WARNING lights and reset the system for subsequent alerts. The MASTER
WARNING lights can also be extinguished and reset by pushing the associated system CUE switch on the
SDCP when it is illuminated.
2. MASTER CAUTION Lights - amber

Both lights will illuminate amber when a level 1 or 2 alert has appeared on the EAD. Pushing either light
will extinguish both MASTER CAUTION lights and reset the system for subsequent alerts. The MASTER
CAUTION lights can also be extinguished and reset by pushing the associated system CUE switch on the
SDCP when it is illuminated.
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System Display Control Panel
1. ND Switch white
Pushing this switch with 1 or more DUs inoperative causes the existing SD to become an ND. If all DUs
are operative THIRD NAV DISPLAY NOT AVAILABLE will appear on DU4.
2. CONSEQ Switch white

When pushed, the Consequence page will appear on the SD. The Consequence page displays
consequences associated with level 2 and level 3 alerts. The alerts are grouped by level and appear in
the same order as they appear on the EAD. The consequences associated with an alert are displayed
adjacent to that alert. When additional consequence pages are required, PRESS CONSEQ AGAIN TO
CONTINUE will appear at the bottom of the page.
3. STATUS Switch white

When pushed, the status page will appear on the SD. The STATUS page displays a list of all alerts
included on the systems pages. The alerts are shown in three columns in the format as on the EAD. A
separate section for maintenance alerts is after the MISC system alerts. This section is titled MAINT.
MAINT alerts appear on STATUS page 1 and can only be level 1. The STATUS pages can display up to 51
alerts. When additional STATUS pages are required, PRESS STATUS AGAIN TO CONTINUE will appear at
the bottom of the page.
4. MISC Cue Switch white

When pushed, the miscellaneous system page will appear on the SD. The miscellaneous system page
displays alerts (level 3, 2, and 1 only) and consequences. The consequences are not grouped with the
alerts in the same manner as the systems page. The Miscellaneous has a maximum of 17 alerts and 17
consequences. When additional pages are required PRESS MISC AGAIN TO CONTINUE will appear at the
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bottom of the page.
5. CONFIG Cue Switch white

The CONFIG cue switch will illuminate white when an alert related to the flight controls of landing gear
appears on the EAD. Pushing the CONFIG cue switch will cause the flight controls synoptic page to be
displayed on the SD and will reset the MASTER CAUTION or the MASTER WARNING provided no other
alert condition exists that would illuminate the Master Warning or Master Caution lights.
6. FUEL Cue Switch white

The FUEL cue switch will illuminate white when an alert related to the fuel system appears on the EAD.
Pushing the FUEL cue switch will cause the fuel synoptic page to be displayed on the SD and will reset
the MASTER CAUTION or MASTER WARNING lights provided no other alert condition exists that would
illuminate the Master Warning or Master Caution lights.
7. AIR Cue Switch white

The AIR cue switch will illuminate when an alert related to the air system appears on the EAD. Pushing
the AIR cue switch will cause the air synoptic page to be displayed on the SD and will reset the MASTER
CAUTION or MASTER WARNING provided no other alert condition exists that would illuminate the
Master Warning or Master Caution lights.
8. ELEC Cue Switch white

The ELEC cue switch will illuminate white when an alert related to the electrical system appears on the
EAD. Pushing the ELEC cue switch will cause the electrical synoptic page to be displayed on the SD and
will reset the MASTER CAUTION or MASTER WARNING lights provided no other alert condition exists
that would illuminate the Master Warning or Master Caution lights.
9. HYD Cue Switch

The HYD cue switch will illuminate when an alert related to the hydraulic system appears on the EAD.
Pushing the HYD cue switch will cause the hydraulic synoptic page to be displayed on the SD and will
reset the master caution or master warning lights provided no other alert condition exists that would
illuminate the Master Warning or Master Caution lights.
10. ENG Cue Switch

The ENG cue switch will illuminate when an alert related to the engines or APU appears on the EAD.
Pushing the ENG cue switch will cause the secondary engine page to be displayed on the SD and will
reset the Master Caution or Master Warning lights provided no other alert condition exists that would
illuminate the Master Warning or Master Caution lights. The secondary engine page is automatically
called up on the SD for alerts associated with secondary engine page parameters. (See Power Plants
Chapter for a description of the secondary engine page.)
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11. BRT Knobs (6)

Each knob controls the respective DU brightness. Turning the knob fully counterclockwise through a
detent will turn off the respective DU. When a DU is turned off with this knob, the DU will go to a low
power condition. This will allow the DU to cool and be available for later use.
ENVIRONMENTAL ALERT SYSTEM
GENERAL
The MD11 has many well-integrated internal aircraft systems alerts, most of which appear on the EAD. It also
has several optional alerting systems for conditions outside of the aircraft, sometimes called “environmental
alert systems”:
1. PWS (Predictive Windshear System).

2. EGPWS (Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System).
3. TCAS (Traffic Conflict Alert System).
4. WxR (Weather Radar).
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GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM (GPWS)

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The aircraft includes the simulation of a Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS). It provides functionality to
help the pilot avoid terrain clearance conflict, low altitude gear and flap errors, glideslope deviation and
excessive bank angles.
The simulation includes the
It has the following features:
● Mode 1 Excessive Descent Rate.
● Mode 2 Excessive Terrain Closure.
● Mode 3 Altitude Loss after Takeoff or Low Go-Around.
● Mode 4 Unsafe Terrain Clearance for Configuration.
● Mode 5 Excessive Glideslope Deviation.
● Mode 6 Excessive Bank Angle.
● Mode 7 Severe Windshear (deactivated).
EGPWS alerts the pilot with:

1. PFD Red or amber GROUND PROX in the altitude FMA.
2. Aural various specific alerts.
3. ND display of nearby terrain.
4. Glareshield BELOW G/S lights.
MODE 1 - EXCESSIVE DESCENT RATE

Mode 1 protects against CFIT for descending flight into terrain.
Mode 1 Caution alert:
● Amber GROUND PROX on the PFD.
● Aural Caution “SINKRATE SINKRATE” for penetration of the outer boundary (additional “SINKRATE”
Cautions for increased penetration).
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Mode 1 Warning alert:

● Red GROUND PROX on the PFD.
● Aural Warning “WHOOP WHOOP, PULL UP...” for further penetration past the inner boundary, repeated
continuously.
The outer boundary is desensitized when a valid ILS glideslope signal is received, preventing unwanted alerts
when capturing the glideslope from above.
MODE 2 EXCESSIVE TERRAIN CLOSURE

Mode 2 protects against CFIT due to rapidly rising terrain.
● Aural Caution “TERRAIN TERRAIN”.
Mode 2 Warning alert:
● Red GROUND PROX on the PFD.
● Aural Warning “WHOOP WHOOP, PULL UP...” repeats continuously for increased boundary penetration.
MODE 3 - ALTITUDE LOSS AFTER TAKEOFF OR LOW GO-AROUND

Mode 3 protects against CFIT for significant descent into terrain after takeoff or after a low-altitude go-around
begun below 245 feet AGL.
● Aural Caution “DON’T SINK, DON’T SINK” (repeats for continued descent).
Mode 3 alert stops with a positive rate of climb.
MODE 4 - UNSAFE TERRAIN CLEARANCE

Mode 4 protects against:
● CFIT: unintentional gear up landings.
● CFIT: unintentional abnormal flap landings.
Mode 4 is active when NOT configured for landing (gear and flaps).
Mode 4A Caution alerts:
● Aural Caution “TOO LOW TERRAIN”.
< 1,000’ AGL
(repeated for continued descent).
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● Aural Caution “TOO LOW GEAR”.

< 500’ AGL and < 190 KTS
Mode 4B Gear Down, Flaps Not Landing

Certain abnormal procedures (two engine inoperative, flight control, hydraulic) require disabling Mode 4B with
the FLAP OVRD/TEST switch on the overhead panel.
Mode 4B Caution alerts:
< 1,000’ AGL, depending on speed. (repeated for continued descent).
● Aural Caution “TOO LOW FLAPS”.
< 245’ AGL and <160 KTS..
Mode 4C Terrain Rise after T/O, G/A
Mode 4C protects against CFIT for terrain rising faster than aircraft rate of climb.
Mode 4C Caution alert:
MODE 5 - EXCESSIVE GLIDESLOPE DEVIATION

Mode 5 protects against deviation too far below ILS glideslope.
Soft alert “GLIDESLOPE” cautions repeat at a faster rate if glideslope deviation worsens. Hard alert
“GLIDESLOPE” cautions are continuous.
Mode 5 Caution alerts:
● Amber BELOW GS lights on glareshield.
● Soft alert: aural Caution “GLIDESLOPE”
> 1.3 dots below GS.
● Hard alert: aural Caution “GLIDESLOPE”
> 2 dots below GS, and
< 300’ AGL.
Press the dual-purpose GPWS BELOW GS / INHIBIT GS switch-light on the glareshield to inhibit Mode 5.
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MODE 6 - EXCESSIVE BANK ANGLE

Mode 6 offers a variety of advisory aural callouts.
FLAP OVRD / TEST SWITCH

The switch has three positions:
● Center NORM position.
● Bottom TEST position, spring loaded to NORM, used for preflight self test. Inhibited inflight.
● Top FLAP OVRD position. The switch guard must be lifted to use Flap Override.
BELOW GS / GS INHIBIT SWITCH

Each pilot has a dual-purpose BELOW GS / INHIBIT GS switch-light on the glareshield. The top is black BELOW
GS with an amber background Caution light. The bottom is an amber GS INHIBIT switch-light on black
background.
Press either GS INHIBIT switch-light when below 2,000’ AGL to deactivate Mode 5 GS alerts.
Indication of GS INHIBIT: GS INHIBIT amber background light.
GPWS Flap Override/Test Switch And GPWS Below G/S / G/S Inhibit Switch
1. GPWS Flap Ovrd/TEST Switch
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(Aft overhead panel, above F/O)

NORM Normal: Basic GPWS features operate normally.
FLAP OVRD Flap Override: Mode 4B is inhibited, allowing abnormal flap approaches and landings. The
switch guard must be lifted to use Flap Override. There are no other indications of Flap Ovrd other than
switch position.
TEST Momentarily place switch in Test to begin automatic EGPWS self-test (available only on the
ground).
2. Terrain Override Switch-light
Blue OVRD illuminates when switch-light is pressed. All Enhanced features of EGPWS which use the
terrain database are inhibited (TLA and TCF alerts).
3. Below GS / GS Inhibit Switch-light
(Glareshield, Capt and F/O)
Black BELOW GS on amber background illuminates during a Mode 5 Below Glideslope caution.
Amber GS INHIBIT on black background illuminates when either switch-light has been pressed to inhibit
a Mode 5 Below Glideslope caution. Available below 2,000’ AGL.
TCAS
CONTROLS
The ATC transponder and TCAS (XPDR/TCAS) Control Panel is installed on the center pedestal. This single panel
controls the transmission of the two Mode-S transponders. One is used for ATC and TCAS, while the other is in
Standby.
Glareshield Control Panel (GCP) and XPDR/TCAS Control Panel
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1. XPDR/TCAS Mode Selector. Four-position switch selects transponder and TCAS modes.
2. XPDR/TCAS TEST push button. Initiates system test.
3. IDENT push-button
4. XPDR CODE window. Displays four digit transponder code, and ATC1 or ATC2 to confirm XPDR selection.
5. Digital key (9). Allows code selection. CLR key clears selection.
6. ALT RPTG switch. ON provides ATC with CADC altitude information when interrogated.
7. XPDR SELECT switch. Switches ATC/TCAS use between #1 and #2 Mode-S transponders.
8. TRFC switch (GCP) Press ON/OFF. Show/Hide TCAS information in ND.
9. TCAS switch (GCP). Changes ND map to TCAS-only information. Press any other ND mode to exit TCAS
mode.
Color Indications and Symbols

● Resolution Advisory (RA)
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○ Solid RED square: target about 25 seconds from the Collision Area.
○ Immediate threat. Prompt avoidance action required.
● Traffic advisory (TA)
○ Solid AMBER circle: target about 40 seconds from the Collision Area.
○ Moderate threat. Visual search recommended.
● Proximate Traffic
○ Solid CYAN diamond: non-TA/RA target within 6 miles and 1,200 vertical feet.
○ No threat.
● Other Traffic
○ Hollow CYAN diamond: non-TA/RA target within display range. (Other Traffic is not displayed
when TAs or RAs are in progress.)
○ No threat.
Data Tag A data tag is a two digit number, with a plus or a minus sign, and may include an arrow. It appears
above or below the target symbol, in the same color.
± Two Digits
Two digits are the target’s relative altitude difference in hundreds of feet above or below the TCAS aircraft. A
higher target has the data tag above the target symbol, preceded by a (+) sign. A lower target has the data tag
below the target symbol, preceded by a (-) sign.
Arrow
A vertical arrow to the right of the traffic symbol indicates the target is climbing (up arrow) or descending
(down arrow) in excess of 500 feet per minute. No arrow means the target is within 500 fpm of level flight.
Aural Messages
TCAS sends TA and RA voice warnings to cockpit speakers and flight crew headsets. TCAS audio level is preset
and can not be adjusted or canceled by the pilot. A new alert interrupts a prior alert and announces
immediately.
TA: “TRAFFIC TRAFFIC” is announced twice, simultaneously with TA solid amber circle on the ND, for a target
predicted to enter the protected Collision Area within about 40 seconds.
RA: aural guidance directs changes in vertical speed to avoid target aircraft. There are three types of RA aural
messages; Corrective, Increased or Reversed, and Preventive or Weakening:
Corrective RA:
Obtain the required vertical speed to increase traffic separation from a target.
Aural Warning Pilot Response
“Climb - Climb- Climb” Climb at green V/S rate, usually 1500-2000 fpm.
“Climb - Crossing Climb” (or Descend) Climb at green V/S rate; flight path crosses target’s flight path.
23
Increased or Reversed RA:

Previous RA response must be increased or reversed. These advisories occur rarely, and usually because of a
maneuvering target.
“Increase Climb-Increase Climb!” Climb at increased green V/S rate, usually 2500 3000 fpm
“Reduce Climb - Reduce Climb”. Reduce vertical speed to green V/S rate.
“Climb! Climb Now! Climb! Climb Now!” Reverses previous advisory. (Climb or Descend)
Preventive or Weakening RA:

To minimize deviation from ATC clearance altitude, either change vertical speed out of the red V/S rate, or
decrease excessive vertical speed.
“Monitor Vertical Speed Monitor Vertical Speed” Climb at green and avoid red V/S rate.
“Clear of Conflict”: Single announcement that RA has ended and separation is increasing. Return to original ATC
clearance altitude and notify ATC.
“CLEAR OF CONFLICT, CLEAR OF CONFLICT” Return to ATC clearance.
Failure Messages
on ND:
● “RA FAIL”: TCAS cannot post Resolution Advisories. ND traffic display and TA are operative.
● “TD FAIL”: Traffic Display Fail. TCAS cannot display any traffic information on the ND. Aural alerts for TAs
and RAs are operative. PFD guidance for RAs is operative.
● “TCAS FAIL”: Failure of equipment required for TCAS. All TCAS features are inoperative: deactivate TCAS
by selecting XPDR mode.
Flight Director Interface

There is no FD guidance for TCAS. During an RA, pressing the Autopilot yoke disconnect switch (whether AP is
ON or OFF) removes the FD command bars from view.
The TCAS aural message “Clear of Conflict” returns the FD command bars to view.
24
Primary Flight Display
ND, in Map Mode with TRFC
25
ND, in TCAS Mode
26
1. Other Traffic 1400’ higher, descending.

2. Proximate Traffic 1100’ higher, descending.
3. Traffic Advisory (TA) 500’ higher, descending.
4. Resolution Advisory (RA) 700’ higher, descending.
5. Resolution Advisory (RA) 100’ lower, climbing.
6. ND TCAS mode two mile range ring.
7. Desired green V/S “Fly to” area.
8. Avoid red V/S “Avoid” area.
WEATHER RADAR
27
Weather Radar Control Panel
1. SYS 1/2/OFF Switch

SYS 1 or SYS 2 switch causes the switch to latch and select system 2 receiver/transmitter. Only the
receiver selected will have power applied.
OFF Both transmitters/receivers are unpowered.
2. WX mode selector
TEST switch activates the test mode and causes the following to occur:
- The transmitter is enabled for less than one second, then muted for the remainder of the test.
- The indicator displays a test pattern containing four concentric arcs consisting of one color
each; magenta, red, yellow, and green, from top to bottom.
- The antenna system performs a test sequence, ending with the antenna stopping at the
boresight (electrical zero) position. During the test sequence the actual elevation angle will be
displayed.
TURB mode activates the precipitation and turbulence detection mode within the receiver/transmitter.
Selecting the WX mode activates the precipitation detection mode within the receiver/transmitter.
WX mode activates the precipitation detection mode within the receiver/transmitter.
MAP mode activates the ground map mode within the receiver/transmitter.
3. TILT Control
The TILT control knob provides control of the antenna tilt position. Tilt range is from 15° down to 15°
up.
4. GAIN Control Knob
System gain control is provided by turning the GAIN control knob through its ten detented positions.
Counterclockwise rotation decreases the amount of gain in 2-dB steps. Gain is functional for MAP, WX,
WX/T, and TEST modes.
28
Weather Radar Display
1. DWXR ANNUNCIATIONS (Amber)

WXR ON Flashes amber if R/T is ON and aircraft is on the ground.
WXR FAIL Amber if R/T has failed.
WXR RANGE DISAGREE Amber i f WXR
Range differs from GCP range.
2. WXR MODES (White)
RANGE Displays the current WXR range in nautical miles. Format is "RNG ###". The selectable weather
radar range is limited to 320 NM but if the 640 NM range is selected the EIS scales the displayed WXR
image. The range selected is controlled by the same INC/DEC buttons used for the map range selection.
PWS, TCAS, AND GPWS ALERTS
NOTE
The associated cue switch is shown in parenthesis (XXX) following the alert.
29
AMBER ALERTS (LEVEL-1)

GPWS FAIL (MISC) GPWS has failed. This alert normally appears during the GPWS test or if the ditching switch is
selected ON. (GPWS installed).
GPWS FAIL (MISC) The enhanced ground proximity warning system has failed (both the ground proximity and
terrain awareness functions). (EGPWS installed).
GPWS FAULT (MISC) The ground proximity function of the enhanced ground proximity warning system has
failed; the terrain awareness function is still operative.
PRED WSHEAR FAIL (MISC) The weather radar predictive windshear function has failed, or data from the
weather radar is not valid.
PRED WSHEAR FAULT (MISC) The predictive windshear system may not be fully operative.
TERRAIN FAIL (MISC)The terrain awareness function of the enhanced ground proximity warning system has
failed; the ground proximity function is still operative.
TERRAIN NOT AVAIL (MISC)The terrain awareness function was disabled automatically by the EGPWS due to an
inadequate navigation sensor position.
CYAN ALERTS (LEVEL-0)

GPWS FLAP OVRD GPWS switch is in FLAP OVRD position. This will prevent ground proximity warnings when
flaps are less than landing flap on approach.
PRED WSHEAR OFF The weather radar is OFF when it should be ON. Predictive windshear alerting capability is
not available.
TERRAIN OVRD The terrain override mode has been selected.
30

MD-11 Systems description-Aural-Visual Warning

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Rotate MD-11 Manual.

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

System Display Control Panel

ENVIRONMENTAL ALERT SYSTEM

GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM (GPWS)

PWS, TCAS, AND GPWS ALERTS

ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEM (EIS) ALERTING

TAKEOFF ESSENTIAL ITEMS CHECKLIST

CONDITION MESSAGE COLOR

Flaps not in takeoff FLAP White

LANDING ESSENTIAL ITEMS CHECKLIST

CONDITION MESSAGE COLOR

Flaps not in landing FLAP White

CONDITION MESSAGE COLOR

LOWER 1/3 OF EAD

SD Alerts And Consequences

other lights are lit.

CENTRAL AURAL WARNING SYSTEM (CAWS)

LANDING GEAR WARNING

configuration is defined by either of the following conditions:

ENGINE FIRE WARNING

ALTITUDE ADVISORY WARNING

CONDITION VOICE WARNING

CONDITION VOICE WARNING

COCKPIT TIMER AURAL TONE

CABIN LOW PRESSURE WARNING

HORIZONTAL STABILIZER MOTION WARNING

TIRE FAILURE WARNING

RADIO ALTITUDE CALLOUT

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

Master Warning and Master Caution Lights

1. MASTER WARNING Lights - red

2. MASTER CAUTION Lights - amber

System Display Control Panel

2. CONSEQ Switch white

3. STATUS Switch white

4. MISC Cue Switch white

bottom of the page.

5. CONFIG Cue Switch white

6. FUEL Cue Switch white

7. AIR Cue Switch white

8. ELEC Cue Switch white

9. HYD Cue Switch

10. ENG Cue Switch

11. BRT Knobs (6)

ENVIRONMENTAL ALERT SYSTEM

1. PWS (Predictive Windshear System).

GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM (GPWS)

EGPWS alerts the pilot with:

MODE 1 - EXCESSIVE DESCENT RATE

Mode 1 Warning alert:

MODE 2 EXCESSIVE TERRAIN CLOSURE

MODE 3 - ALTITUDE LOSS AFTER TAKEOFF OR LOW GO-AROUND

MODE 4 - UNSAFE TERRAIN CLEARANCE

● Aural Caution “TOO LOW GEAR”.

Mode 4B Gear Down, Flaps Not Landing

MODE 5 - EXCESSIVE GLIDESLOPE DEVIATION

MODE 6 - EXCESSIVE BANK ANGLE

FLAP OVRD / TEST SWITCH

BELOW GS / GS INHIBIT SWITCH

1. GPWS Flap Ovrd/TEST Switch

(Aft overhead panel, above F/O)