External Anatomy of Farm Animals

• These are repeating visual element on an image or

layout to create unity in the layout or image.
• Rhythm is achieved when visual elements create a
sense of organized movement.
 Main Divisions of an Animal
Body
The head, the trunk and the tail
 HEAD
• contains most of the sense
organs
• Composed of the cranial and
facial parts
• The head is attached to the
trunk by the neck.
• The head structure protects
the brain

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 TRUNK
• The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for
the central part or core of many animal
bodies (including humans) from which
extend the neck and limbs
• Trunk – contains body cavities
– Thoracic cavity; Abdominal
cavity and the pelvic cavity
•

The trunk includes the he back, the shoulders and the abdomen. The internal organs
which we cannot be seen (the heart, the lungs, the stomach, the liver with the gall-
bladder, the pancreas, the spleen, the kidneys and the small and large intestines
(bowels) are included in the trunk
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 NECK
The Neck- narrow elongation of the
wall of the trunk, consisting primarily
of:
1. Vertebrae
2. Muscles
3. Nerves
4. Arteries and veins
5. Large portion of esophagus and
trachea
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 THE APPENDAGES
• The anterior (fore legs) and posterior (hind legs) limbs are still part
of the trunk.

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 THE TAIL
• Tail- begins at the caudal opening of the digestive tract.

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 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

• Protective covering of the body covering of the skin

and appendages or modifications such as the hair,
horn, feather, horns, and wool.

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 SKIN

• The exterior covering of the body and is continuous with

the exterior membranes of the respiratory, urogenital and
digestive
• Different kinds of animal body coverings include fur,
scales, skin, feathers, and shells. Even though they may
look and feel different, all these body coverings protect
animals' internal organs, bones, and muscles, and help to
shield them from their environment.

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 FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

1. Protection of sensitive tissues from physical injury

2. Prevents penetration of toxic liquids and gases
3. Protects body from adverse effect of light (UV) through the
pigment melanin
4. Regulates body temperature
5. Contains ergosterol which forms into Vit. D
6. Organ of touch, heat, and pain
7. Prevents delicate tissues from drying.

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 LAYERS OF THE SKIN

• EPIDERMIS OR CUTICLE – no blood vessels

• DERMIS OR CORIUM – with blood vessels,
nerves, hair follicles, muscle fibers and glands

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 SWEAT GLANDS

• Sweat glands (sudoriferous)

• Sweat glands are a type of exocrine gland, which are
glands that produce and secrete substances onto an
epithelial surface by way of a duct.
• eliminate body wastes

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 SEBACEOUS GLANDS

• The sebaceous glands are found throughout all

areas of the skin except the palms of the hands
and soles of the
• There are two types of sebaceous gland, those
connected to hair follicles, in pilosebaceous units,
and those that exist independently.
• Secrete oily substances (sebum) that lubricates
hair and skin.
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 SERUMEN

• Sebum in the ear which discourages insects and

prevents passage of foreign bodies into the ear.
Also called as earwax.

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 HAIR
– Is the general covering of the body surface Of the animal
body.
–Hair is the coat covering of cattle, goats, horses,
carabaos, swine, and man.
–Wool is for sheep (differs from hair by being finer-
textured)
–Feathers is for the poultry animals

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 HOOF
– is the horny covering of the distal end of the digit.
– Cloven hooves (split/divided): cattle, carabao, goats,
sheep, swine
– Solid hooves: horses

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 HORN
– is a pointed projection in the animals head consisting of a
covering of keratin and other proteins surrounding a core of live
bones.
FUNCTIONS:
➢Defending itself from predators
and fighting member of their
own species, Dominance or
mating priority
➢blood vessels in the bony core
allow the horns to function as a
radiator.
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 Assessment
1. What are the main divisions of the animal body and give their
basic functions?

2. What are the different parts of the integumentary system and

give their different functions.

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