Sewerage System

The process of eliminating toxins from wastewater, typically from domestic sewers, is known
as sewerage treatment. Determining the proper site for the sewage treatment plant is critical.
Sewers must be appropriately designed in order to have an effective sewerage system. Sewers
are meant to drain wastewater from homes, businesses, roadways, and streams in order to
preserve the environment and people from serious diseases, as sewage spreads more than 50
diseases. We will only evaluate the arrangement of sewerage piping and the most appropriate
location for a sewerage treatment plant in this project, such as the level of the sewerage
treatment plant to be built.

Design approval process

Table: Design approval process

1
Design shall be in accordance with the requirements of the latest Sarawak Urban
Sewerage Systems Guidelines.
a) Design Report shall consist of design parameters, design standards and references.
b) The Report shall document and tabulate step by step engineering calculations as in
Hydraulic Design Form. (Download Hydraulic Design Form at download page)
c) For schemes to be developed in phases, the Consultant shall submit a master plan
of the proposed sewerage system for the whole scheme together with the detailed
network drawings for the phase/phases to be developed.
d) The Qualified Person shall submit their application using Sewerage Plan
Submission Form. (Download Sewerage Plan Submission Form at download page)
e) Authorization of Qualified Person (download Letter of Authorization at download
page).

2
Three (3) sets of drawings shall be submitted. The Authority shall return two (2) sets
of the approved drawings to the Consultant.

3
One (1) compact disc (CD) containing the approved Sewer Plan in PDF Format shall
be submitted to the Authority.
Design Requirements
Design shall be in accordance with the requirements of the latest Sarawak Urban Sewerage
Systems Guidelines.
Table: Design requirements

NO DESIGN CRITERIA
.
1 Layout i. The whole sewerage work shall be carried out according to
the layout as shown on the Drawings.
2 Excavation i. The Contractor shall carry out survey work to determine
the sewer pipe alignment clearance from the building/road
shall be 1m. The pipe alignment shall be approved by the
S.O. before the contractor starts the excavation works.
ii. The trench shall be excavated to such width so as to ensure
that a minimum working space of 300mm will be available
on each side of the pipe when properly aligned. At all
joints, the trench shall be excavated to give a minimum
working space of not less than 300mm all-round the joint.
iii. The trench excavation shall not advance more than 100m
ahead of the completed backfilled pipeline. Pipe shall be
laid in all trenches that have been excavated at the end of
each day's work, unless the Contractor get approval from
the S.O. to do otherwise.
iv. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to protect
and support all existing water pipes, gas and other conduits
crossed by the excavation or work to be performed and to
arrange for their temporary removal and subsequent
replacement.
v. Excess material from the trench excavation shall be located
600mm (minimum) away from the trench.
3 Pipes and i. Generally, all sewer pipes unless otherwise shown on the
fittings
Drawings, shall be vitrified clay pipes (VCP) and fittings
complying with MS 1061 and SPAN guidelines.
ii. Sewer pipes used for gravity types of sewers shall be a
minimum size of 150mm for service connection and
225mm for public sewer complying with Malaysian
Sewerage Industry Guideline (MSIG).
iii. Sewer pipes for force mains (which require pump) shall
comply with Malaysian.
iv. Sewerage Industry Guideline (MSIG). The type and the
diameter of pipe shall be of ductile iron (DI) as shown on
the Drawings.

4 Sewage i. Prior to the installation of the sewage treatment system, the

treatment
Contractor shall submit to the S.O. the approved drawings
system
duly endorsed by the authority, system design, method of
statement including structural, foundation, external work
and M & E work duly certified by a Professional Engineer
with Practicing Certificate (P.E.P.C.) registered with the
Board of Engineers Malaysia.
ii. Sewage treatment system shall be approved by the Local
Authority/Certified Agency before installation at site. The
submission approval to the Local Authority/ Certified
Agency is as per Appendix F/1.
Design Calculation
Calculation for Population Equivalent (P.E) based on the guidelines that provided in the
MS1228:1991. Calculations for Population Equivalent (P.E) for the proposed project:

Table: Design calculation

No. Type of residence P.E/Unit Unit P.E

1. Educational institution 1 160 160
 Fully residential

TOTAL 160

Description of domestic sewage proposal

All streams from the additional building is channelled to the sewage treatment plant. The
proposed pipeline for the proposed reticulation system is a 225 mm (9 inch) VCP sewer pipe
that will drain sewage through the gravity stream with manure provided at each intersection,
direction change, pipe size change, gradient change at a maximum distance of 90 m. All 47
building materials, minimum depths, gradients and sewage density are based guidelines by
Jabatan Perkhidmatan Pembentungan (JPP) / Malaysia Standard MS 1228.

Design Criteria

1. Minimum wash speed = 0.91 m/s

Maximum speed allowed = 4.0 m/s

2. Average flow rate = 225 liters / capita / day

3. Type of Pipe = VCP pipe that approved by JPP

= Minimum size of 225 mm dia. (measure in)

4. Sewage Pipes are designed for full flow of pipes.

5. The Manning formula is used to determine the maximum velocity allowed by the
pipe:
V = (1R2/3S1/2)/N
Where,
V = Pipe Speed (m / sec)
R = Cut Area
Perimeter Area
S = Gradient of pipe
n = Pipeline Coefficient (0.014)

Design speed and pipe capacity

for velocity calculation the formula “manning” formula was used to determine the
velocity
3.142r 2
R=
2 x 3.142 x (0.225)2

n=0.009

S=1/200
2 1 /2
3 1
1 ( 0.056 ) ( )
Thus, the velocity V= 200
0.009

V = 1.15 m/s

The allowed velocity range is within 0.91m/sec – 4.0m/sec, therefore the cutting

proposed was available.

For pipe capacity calculation:

Q=¿ VA ------- (1)

A=(3.142 d ¿¿ 2)/ 4 ¿
2
A=( 3.142 ) x (0.225) /4
 2
A=0.04 m

V = 1.15 m/s ----- based on Manning formula

Q=¿ (0.004) x (1.15) = 0.046 m3/sec

¿ 46 litres /sec

Pipe capacity = 46 liters / sec > Peak speed capacity = 5.593 liters / sec
Sewerage design analysis

Table: Sewerage design analysis

Sewerage site layout plan

Figure: Sewerage site layout plan