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Comprehensive incorporation of the findings of the experimental analyses conducted in this study
determined that H2S sour corrosion and CO2 sweet corrosion mechanisms are the two main possible
corrosion mechanisms exhibited in the system. Moreover, H2S sour corrosion is recognized as a
dominant corrosion mechanism based on examining the corrosion morphology of the attack and the
XRD solid sample analysis of the corrosion scale formed on the metal surface which indicated that
corrosion scale makeup is mainly iron sulfide in different crystal forms with a relatively low percentage
of iron carbonate.
As per the industry practice for H2S and CO2 corrosion, sour gases with H2S/CO2 ratios greater than
0.5 seem to form protective films on the carbon steel production tubing (4). The H2S /CO2 ratio for the
well S-xxx is 0.56 which complies with the industry practice of forming iron sulfide scale protective film
which also supports the H2S corrosion mechanism.
Since H2S sour corrosion was proven to be the dominant corrosion mechanism and CO2 sweet
corrosion mechanism is acknowledged to be insignificant, only the H2S sour corrosion mechanism will
be explained in detail in this work. However, the CO2 corrosion mechanism was well-explained in
previous research [5] & [6].
3.1 H2S corrosion behavior in aqueous solutions
H2S gas in an aqueous environment reacts with water according to the following reactions (Equations
1 and 2):
H2S + H2O HS - + H3O+ (1)
HS- + H2O S2- + H3O+ (2)
Again, the anodic reaction of iron in this environment is the dissolution of iron (Equations 3, 4, 5, and 6):
Fe= Fe2+ +2e- (3)
Fe 2+ + S2- = FeS (4)
Fe 2+ + 2HS- = Fe (HS)2 (5)
Fe (HS)2 = FeS + H2S (6)
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According to equation 6, the final corrosion product was the precipitation of iron sulfide. Formation of
an iron sulfide layer (FeS) on the surface of steel results in the protection of steel against further
corrosion [7]. The existence of chloride ions in the aqueous solution may cause pitting corrosion [8]
and chloride stress cracking [8] of carbon steel. Additionally, the mechanical interaction of the FeS
layer with the produced fluids or solids could result in its breakdown initiating severe pitting corrosion
attack as a result of the formation of a corrosion cell with a small anodic area (The damaged iron
sulfide area) and a large cathodic area (The whole iron sulfide protected metal area).

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