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CBT Instrumentation
CBT Instrumentation
A “ smart” transmitter is one that
a) Communicates using foundation fieldbus
b) Calibrates itself
c) Transmitter without inbuilt sensors
d) Has multiple process sensors
e) Has a microprocessor built inside
2. Which of the following adjustments is usually adjusted first in an instrument
requiring calibration?
a. Deadband
b. Span
c. Hysteresis
d. Zero
e. Linearity
3. What pressure is required to test impulse tubing?
a. 1.25 times of design pressure
b. 1.1 times of design pressure
c. 1.5 times of operating pressure
d. 1.1 times of operating pressure
4. Maximum allowable length of impulse tubing for DP based flow transmitter.
a. 11 meters
b. 6 meters
c. 9 meters
d. None of above.
5. A pressure transmitter has a calibrated measurement range of 200 to 300 psig,
and an output range of 4 – 20 mA. What is the expected output if the input
pressure is 235 psig?
a. 1.6 mA
b. 16.5 mA
c. 5.6 mA
d. 9.6 mA
e. 12.5 mA
6. Which topology is not preferred in Foundation Fieldbus system.
Ans. Daisy chain topology
7. How many NAND gates are needed to realize an OR gate?
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
10. Inverse transducer is system which converts ……………
a. Electrical quantity to non‐electrical quantity
b. Non‐electrical quantity to electrical quantity
c. Electrical quantity to electrical quantity itself
d. Non‐electrical quantity to non‐electrical quantity itself
8. Minimum size of main instrument air header?
Ans. 2 inches minimum. (PIP‐PCCIA001 / 3.7.3 ‐ 2003)
9. Drain wire is
a. Bare conductor and in contact with shield
b. Bare conductor and in contact with armor
c. Bare conductor without any contact with shield and armor
d. Insulated conductor with each pair of cable
11. Purpose of shield in instrument cable?
a. To control electrical noise and electromagnetic radiation
b. To nullify electrical noise and electromagnetic radiation
c. To reduce electrical noise and electromagnetic radiation
d. None
12. Maximum Support interval required for ½ inch impulse tubing.
Ans. 4 feet (1.2 meter) (PIP‐PCCIP001 / 3.2.1 ‐ 2002) (SAES‐J‐003 / 11.3.4)
13. The main purpose of a control valve positioner is to ….
a. Alter the fail‐safe status of the valve
b. Improve the precision of the valve
c. Alter the characterization of the valve
d. Increase transmitter accuracy
e. Eliminate cavitation in the valve
15. Which instrument is used for liquid expansion?
a. Ammeter
b. Voltmeter
c. Thermometer
16. Maintenance access from fixed ladder
a. 1.2 feet
b. 1.3 feet
c. 1.4 feet
d. 1.5 feet
17. A technician calibrating a mechanical (bourdon tube) pressure gauge is
gradually increasing pressure with a deadweight tester and checking the gauges
indication at several points. After checking one calibration point, the technician
accidently applies too much pressure and “overshoots” the next calibration point.
To obtain the best response from the pressure gauge, the technician should :
a. Reduce pressure well below the intended calibration point and then increase
pressure again
b. Abort the test and get a new pressure gauge
c. Carefully reduce pressure down to the intended calibration point, approaching
it from the opposite direction
d. Completely vent pressure from the gauge and re‐check all calibration points
from zero upwards again
e. Apply full pressure to the gauge and then check all calibration points in
descending order
18. To get digital equivalent to analog (this question is not complete)
a. Analog to digital
b. Digital to analog
19. Using a voltmeter‐measured value is 24.3V while its true value is 24V. What
is the relative error of measurement?
a. 1.25 %
b. 0.014 %
c. 0.013 %
d. 0.012 %
20. What type of material for drain breather shall be used for Instrument junction
boxes having an internal volume exceeding 2,000 cm³ (122 in³)
Ans. Type 300 Series stainless steel breather and drain fittings, or a combination
breather and drain fitting. (SAES‐J‐902 / 7.5)
21. Maximum spur length? / What is the maximum allowable length for FF
Secondary Cable?
Ans. 120 meters (394 ft.)
22. Minimum wire size of Homerun cable from JB to Marshalling.
Ans. 18 AWG
24. Minimum 3‐15 pneumatic tube size
a. 1/4 inch
b. 1/2 inch
c. 3/8 inch
d. 1 inch
26. Why flexible conduit used with instrument
Ans. For thermal expansion
28. Length of LFMC
a. 1000 mm
b. 700 mm
c. 500 mm
d. 800 mm
29. The purpose of a “shield” wire on an instrument signal cable is to :
a. Hold a steadier setpoint value
b. Ensure technician safety
c. Minimize the possibility of sparking
d. Protect the cable from corrosion
e. Minimize electrical noise
30. How many type grounding used in instrument
Ans. Safety ground and instrument DC shield ground/2
31. Instrument and control system outdoor unsheltered shall be treated for
operation for out door temperature
Ans. 65 °C
32. Field junction to instrument which cable routed in conduit
1) Single pair / triad cable
2) Thermocouple cable
3) FF cable
4) Multi pair/triad cable
Note: I have doubt about this Question because Answer might be Single pair /
triad cable
33. In a measuring system what is the term used to specify a difference between
higher and lower calibration values?
a. Range
b. Span
c. Drift
d. Threshold
34. Instrument maintenance access from grade or platform
a. 2 feet to 5 feet
b. 3 feet to 5 feet
c. 4 feet to 5 feet
d. 5 feet to 6 feet
35. The error of an instrument is normally given as a percentage of
A. Measured value
B. Full‐scale value
C. Mean value
D. Rms value
36. The resistance can be measured most accurately by
A. Voltmeter‐ammeter method
B. Bridge method
C. Multimeter
D. Megger
37. Strain gage pressure transducers are used to measure __________
pressures.
A. Gage as well as vacuum
B. Absolute as well as differential
C. Both A & B
D. Neither A nor B
38. What is the standard used for Instrumentation Wiring System? / Which
Standard Covers Power cable and Wiring method?/ For wiring connection
which standard need to follow.
Ans: ANSI/NFPA70
39. What is the holding time for Instrument Impulse Tubing Leak Test?
Ans: 30 minutes
40. Minimum impulse line tubing.
Ans: ½” OD, 0.049” in thickness
41. What is the AC Safety grounding system?
Ans: All exposed non‐current‐carrying metallic parts that could become energized
with hazardous potentials must be reliably connected to the equipment grounding
circuits
42. Which Secondary Cable Tray cannot be used to pull Single pair cable
Ans: Wire Mesh.
43. What is instrumentation?
Ans: Is a branch of engineering that studies measurement and control of process
variables
44. What is the type of enclosures used in a severe corrosive environment?
Ans: NEMA Type 4X
45. In Class 1 Zone 2 Location what kind of Enclosure will be used /Class 1 ZONE
2 which type of enclosure shall be use outdoor area?
Ans: NEMA 4X
46. Which is considered as severe corrosive environments?
Ans: Outdoor, Offshore area
47. Piezo‐electric transducers are:
Ans: Inverse transducers
48. The piezoelectric effect in a crystal is ___________
A. A voltage developed because of mechanical stress
B. A change in resistance because of temperature
C. A change in frequency because of temperature
D. None of the above
49. _______ is an example of piezoelectric material.
a) Glass
b) Quartz
c) Corrundum
d) Neoprene
50. Which of the following are piezo electric substances?
a) Barium titanate
b) Lead titanate
c) Lead Zirconate
d) Cadmium and sulphate
51. The full‐scale deflection current of an ammeter is 1 mA and its internal
resistance is 100 ohm. If this meter is to have full deflection at 5A, what is
the value of the shunt resistance to be used?
Ans: 1/49.99 ohm
52. An oscilloscope indicates
A. Peak to peak value of voltage
B. DC value of voltage
C. RMS value
D. Average value
53. In a ballistic galvanometer, the deflecting torque is proportional to
a) The current through coil
b) Square of current through coil
c) Square‐root of current through coil
d) Sine of measured
54. What are the elements of measuring pressure?
Ans: 1. Bellows
2. Bourdon Tube
3. Diaphragm
4. 4. Capsule
5. 5. Pressure Springs
55. In which hazardous area is Intrinsically Safe Circuit to be used?
Ans: Zone 0 (Hazardous area classified area EXd ia)
56. What is the standard height of Instrument Transmitter?
Ans: 1.5m
57. Two voltmeters have the same range 0‐400V. The internal impedance are
30,000 Ohms and 20,000 Ohms. If they are connected in series and 600V be
applied across them, the readings are
Ans: 360V and 240V
58. Fasteners used for cable tray assembly in severe corrosive areas shall be
Ans: SS316
59. Temperature rating required for LFMC
Ans: > 80⁰C
60. Minimum size for grounding conductor.
Ans: 25mm
61. Class 1 Zone 0 Cable interconnection which area shall be use?
Ans: Intrinsic safety
62. Use of modern control technology in automation systems:
A. reduces costs
B. improves reliability
C. increases yield
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
63. Which of the following devices can be used for measuring torque?
a) Helical spring
b) Flat spiral spring
c) Bellows
d) Diaphragm
64. Hartley oscillator is commonly used in ___________
a) Radio receivers
b) Radio transmitters
c) TV receivers
d) None of the above
65. What type of signal use for as per the Aramco standard?
(a) 4 to 20 ma
(b) 3 to 15 psi
(c) FF
(d) ALL OF the above
66. What is range?
Ans: The URV and LRV where a device or instruments operates.
67. In which area flexible fittings listed for.
Ans: Class I, Zone 1 hazardous locations.
68. Flow meter installation shall Comply with…..?
Ans: API RPI 551
69. The GWR (guided wave ruler) with connection box chamber shall be used for
crude oil and asphalt, yes or no? And why?
A) yes, because of its high density
B) no, because of xxxxxxxxx
C) no, because of its clogging
70. Cascade control means
a) Feed forward control
b) More than one feed‐back loop
c) On‐off control
d) One feed‐back loop
71. Optical fiber is used for?
A) short distance
B) medium distance
C) long distance
D) very long distance
72. Fiber Optic cable is often used to.
a) replace UTP because it is cheaper
b) overcome distance limitations
c) connect PC's to wall outlets
d) link remote sites using a WAN connection
e) None of the above
73. Optical fiber works on the.
a) principle of refraction
b) Total internal reflection
c) scattering
d) interference
74. What type of cable ties used for outdoor instrument cables?
Ans: ‐ Nylon coated 316 stainless steel.
75. Conduit used for field instrument in class1 zone 0?
Ans: ‐ RGS PVC Coated Conduit.
76. Field instrument cables where it terminated in Control room?
Ans:‐Terminate in dedicated ‘marshaling cabinets.’
77. What type of cable gland is used for outdoor class 1 zone 2 location?
Ans:‐Certified flameproof (Type‘d’) double compression cable glands using a
compound barrier seal
78. Maximum flexible conduit length for field instrument shall be/ what is
length maximum of flexible conduits for field devices?
Ans:‐1 meter and 1.8 meters with support.
79. What are Resistance test equipments?
Ans: ‐ Ohmmeters and resistance bridges.
80. Fused terminals shall be equipped with blown fuse visual indication. The
disconnect levers for fused terminals and knife‐ switch terminals
Ans: shall be hinged.
81. If the instrument have a wide range, the instrument the should
have…….scale
Ans: logarithmic scale
82. What is slop of impulse line
Ans:1:12
83. The repeat accuracy of an instrument can be judged from its
a) Static Error
b) Linearity Error
c) Dynamic Error
d) Standard deviation of error
84. The EMF of Weston standard cell is measured using
a) Moving iron meter
b) Moving coll meter
c) digital volt meter
d) potentiometer
85. If a closed‐loop control system is adjusted to produce a 0.25 damping ratio
when subjected to a step change, the system gain is:
a) 0.1
b) 0.25
c) 0.5
d) 1.0
86. What is Pressure gauge dial size
Ans:100 mm
87. Orientation of junction is
Ans: vertical
88. The type of process that most often can benefit from derivative is:
a. Flow
b. Level
c. Temperature
d. Pressure
89. The derivative control mode is
a. Phase‐Ieading
b. Phase‐Iagging
c. Inphase
d. Phase‐reversing
90. We have a closed‐loop control system which is cycling. We should:
a. Increase the proportional band
b. Increase integral action
c. Check and adjust both
d. Immediately shut it down
91. Basically a potentiometer is a device for?
A. Comparing two voltages
B. measuring a Current.
C. Comparing two current
D. Measuring a voltage.
Ans: A
92. A straight proportional controller is employed to control a process of
Narrowing the proportional band will:
a. Not change the offset
b. Decrease the offset
c. Always cause cycling
d. Never cause cycling
93. In cascade control which one is first tuned?
A) primary element is tuned faster than secondary
B) primary element is configured with same parameters as master
C) secondary element is tuned faster
D) secondary element is tuned simultaneously
94. EMF of Weston cell is accurately measured?
A. Electrostatic volt meter
B. Hot volt meter
C. Iso thermal volt meter
D. Electrodynamics Volt meter.
95. Impulse line test pressure and medium
1.1times pressure and testing medium air or nitrogen (most preferable)
96. Potentiometer is Variable resistor
98. Cable tray fill shall comply with
Ans: NEC Article 392
99. For outdoor installation
Ans: NEMA Type 4 or IEC IP 65 enclosures are required as a minimum
100. Instrument cable shall be tagged
Ans: At both the end
101.Cable tray specification shall be per NEMA VE1 & the tray installation shall
be as per NEMA VE2.
102.Conduit seals shall be installed within
Ans: 450 mm (18 inches) from the enclosure
103.Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT) is acceptable only
Ans: Non‐hazardous indoor locations.
104.EMT shall comply with the requirement
Ans: ANSI C80.3
105.Direct Buried Cable 600V & Below
Ans:610 mm
106.Impulse lines for remote device should be as short as possible, 3 feet for
close‐coupled transmitters & Preferable not more than 20 feet (6 meters)
107.What type of gland shall be used in severe corrosive area.
Ans:‐Flame proof or explosion proof
108.Can be use the aluminum fitting in outdoor?
No aluminum fitting or fitting accessories such as covers, sealing fitting plugs shall
be used outdoor only malleable iron sealing fitting shall be used.
109.Fiber optic sensor can be used to sense _________
a) Displacement
b) Power
c) Current
d) Resistance
110.Identify below mentioned pressure sensor
Ans: Pressure sensors: Diaphragm, Bellows, Capsule, Bourdon tube. Strain gauge
d) All of above (this is the answer)
111.What are process variables?
Ans: Pressure, temp, level and flow
112.All connections at the field instrument shall be made on
Ans: Screw type terminal blocks
113.What is Mylar or drain wire and how it is connected to the ground
Drain wires and mylar shields on shielded cables shall be cut and insulated with
heat shrink sleeve at the field instrument unless otherwise specified by the
instrument manufacturer
114.Which of the following meters has a linear scale?
a)Thermocouple meter
b) Moving iron meter
c) Hot wore meter
d) Moving coil meter.
115. Which of the following is not a type of pressure sensing element
Which of the following is not a type of pressure sensing element?
(A) Bellows
(B) Bourdon tube
(C) Manometer
(D) Orifice plate
(E) Diaphragm.
116.A control system working under unknown random action is called
a) Computer control system
b) Digital data system
c) Stochastic control system
d) Adaptive control system
117.The negative feedback in an amplifier
a) Reduces voltage gain
b) Increases the voltage gain
c) Increases the gain band width product
d) Reduces the input impedances
118.A simple pitot tube measures
A) point velocity
B) maximum velocity
C) average velocity
D) static pressure
119.The full‐scale deflection current of an ammeter is 1 mA and its internal
resistance is 1000hm. This is to have full deflection when 100V is measured.
What is the value of series resistor to be used?
Ans: 99.99 K ohms
120.In the modem controller, derivative action is applied only to the:
A) Error
B) Measurement
C) Set point
D)Integral circuit
121.Why is a MISC meter not recommended for DC measurement?
Ans: The error is high due to hysteresis effect
122. A closed‐loop control system that employs a three‐mode controller:
a. Can oscillate or cycle at only one frequency
b. Can oscillate or cycle at several frequencies depending on controller
adjustment.
c. Will not oscillate because of the stability provided by derivative
d. Will produce only damped oscillations with a 0.25 damping ratio
Answer: b
123.Gain and proportional bands are:
a. Reciprocally related
b. Two different control modes
c. Adjusted independently 0f one another
d. Controller functions calibrated in time units
124.If it were possible for a proportional controller to have a true 0 percent
proportional band, the controller gain would have to be:
a. Unity
b. 0
c. 100
d. Infinite
Answer: d
125.In majority of instruments damping is provided by
A. fluid friction
B. spring
C. eddy currents
D. all of the above
126.The instrument used to measure electric current is
A. ammeter
B. electrometer
C. galvanometer
D. spectrometer
127.Which of the following instruments can be used to measure AC current
only?
A. Permanent Magnet Type ammeter
B. Induction type ammeter
C. Moving iron voltmeter
D. Moving iron ammeter
128.Commonly used instruments in power system measurement are
A. induction
B. moving coil or iron
C. rectifier
D. electrostatic
Answer: Option A
129.Systematic errors are
A. instrumental errors
B. environmental errors
C. observational errors
D. all of the above
130.A two‐position controller (on/off) always:
a. Controls with a fixed offset
b. Controls around a point
c. Automatically adjusts its integral time
d. Requires precise tuning
131.Velocity at a certain point in case of streamline flow is
A. Constant
B. Independent of time
C. Both A & B
D. Neither A nor B
132.Pitot tube is used to measure
A. pressure
B. flow
C. velocity
D. discharge
Answer: Option C
133.Pitot tube is used to measure
A. velocity of flow at the required point in a pipe
B. pressure difference between two points in a pipe
C. Total pressure of liquid flowing in a pipe
D. dsscharge through the pipe
134.Pitot tube is used to measure
a) Velocity at stagnation point
b) Stagnation pressure
c) Static Pressure
d) Dynamic Pressure
135. A simple Pitot tube is measure
e) Average Velocity
f) Maximum velocity
g) Point velocity
h) Static Pressure
136._____________ measures velocity at a point of fluid in a stream.
a) Venturi meter
b) pH meter
c) Pitot‐Static tubes
d) None of the mentioned
137.In Discrete loop 120 V AC exceeds 305m what type cable used?
If a discrete loop length exceeds 305 meters (≈1,000 feet), 120/230 VAC signal
shall not be used due to potential capacitive or inductive coupling. In such cases,
120VDC voltage shall be used.
138.When calibrating an instrument, you may detect the presence of hysteresis
error by:
(A) Comparing the instrument against a known standard that is free from any
hysteresis
(B) Comparing accuracy at certain points both going up and down the calibration
scale
(C) Measuring error before and after turning the “deadband” adjustment screw
(D) Checking for calibration drift at certain points over long periods of time
(E) Shaking the instrument and listening for the rattling sound of loose parts
139.An error tolerance of +/‐ 0.4% is for a 4‐20 mA instrument signal.
(A) +/‐ 0.04 mA
(B) +/‐ 0.08 mA
(C) +/‐ 0.064 mA
(D) +/‐ 0.4 mA
(E) +/‐ 0.46 mA
140.A pH transmitter has a calibrated range of 5 to 9 pH, with a 4‐20 mA output.
What is the pH measurement if the transmitter’s output is equal to 17.3
mA?
(A) 4.156 pH
(B) 6.599 pH
(C) 8.325 pH
(D) 8.460 pH
(E) 7.481 pH
141.The purpose of documenting an “As Found” calibration in addition to
documenting the “As Left” calibration for an instrument is to:
(A) Ensure perfect accuracy
(B) Eliminate instrument hysteresis
(C) Help others locate the instrument
(D) Measure calibration drift
(E) Speed up the calibration
142.Precision of an instrument is defined as:
Ans: closeness between two or more measured values to each other
143. The below derivation Loop?
144.Feed forward controller accounts for the __________ changes.
a) Set point
b) Load
c) Both A & B
d) Neither A nor B
145.The control takes place before the actual activity is known as
a) concurrent control
b) feed forward control
c) feedback control
d) preserving control
146.The feedback control system
a. Cannot make corrections until a measurable error exists.
b. Makes a change in output which is the differentiated error
c. Is always superior to a feedforward system in operation
d. Is theoretically capable of perfect control
147.According to Ohm's Law
a) V is directly proportional to I
b) V is inversely proportional to I
c) V is directly proportional to vI
d) All of the above
148.Ohm's law states?
e) Voltage = amps×resistance
f) Voltage = current/resistance
g) Voltage = watt×current
h) None of this
149.With a proportional‐only controller, if measurement rules set point, the
output will be:
a. 0
b. 100 percent
c. 50 percent
d. Impossible to define
150.If in a proportional‐plus‐integral controller measurements away from the set
point for a long period, the controller’s output will be:
a. 0
b. Unknown
c. 0
d. 100 percent
151.The function of the integral (reset) mode is to:
a. Oppose change in measurement
b. Automatically adjust the controller’s gain
c. Eliminate offset
d. Stabilize the controlloop
152.Automatic controllers operate on the difference between set point
and measurement, which is called:
a. Offset
b. Bias
c. Error
d. Feedback
153.When we adjust integral time in a controller:
a. We determine an RC time constant in the controller’s internal feedback path
b. We adjust the time it will take for integral to equal derivative
c. We set the process time constant so that it will always equal 1
d. What happens specifically depends on the type of controller, pneumatic
154.A proportional controller will have an offset difference between set point
and control point:
a. At all times
b. Equal to the proportional band setting
c. That depends on process load
d. That will eventually vanish
155.If the proportional band of the controller is adjusted to the minimum
possible value, the control action is likely to be:
a. On/off
b. With maximum otIset
c. Excellent
d. Inoperative
156.The following symbol appears in an instrument diagram. It represents :
a. Flow rate controller
b. Fixed control point
c. Frequency converter
d. Final control element
Answer: a
157.All control systems that fit into the usual pattern are:
a. Open‐Loop
b. Nonself‐regulating
c. Closed‐loop
d. On/off
158.If operating properly, automatic control will always:
a. Reduce manpower
b. Reduce costs
c. Make the process operate more uniformly
d. Decrease maintenance
159.With adequate gain and in phase feedback any system will:
a. Drift
b. Oscillate
c. Increase amplitude
d. Degenerate
160.2. The natural frequency at which a closed‐loop system will cycle depends
upon:
a. The amplifier gain
b. The attenuation provided by the process
c. The phase shift provided by the resistance‐capacitance and dead time networks
that exist in the system
d. Resonance
161.The Bode diagram describes:
a. Gain and phase shift through the usable frequency range
b. The system’s linearity
c. The reaction to a step change
d. The recovery curve that will result from a load change
162. All systems may be assumed to be:
a. Linear
b. Nonlinear
c. Linear for the purpose of initial consideration but with full knowledge that this
may not be the case
d. Nonlinear for purposes of analysis with the exception that the system may
prove to be linear
163.A proportional controller is being used to control a process and the offset
between set point and control point must be held to a minimum. This would
dictate that the proportional band
a. Be as narrow as possible
b. Be as wide as possible
c. Be of moderate value
d. Does not relate to the problem
164.The system gain of the closed‐loop control system:
a. Refers to the process gain
b. Refers to the gain of the measurement and control devices
c. Refers to the total gain of all components. including measurement, controller,
valve operator, valve, and process
d. Relates only to the gain of the controller
165.If a closed‐loop control system employs a straight proportional controller
and is under good control. offset:
a. Will vary in magnitude
b. Will not exceed one‐half of the proportional bandwidth
c. Will exceed the deviation
d. Is repeated with each reset
166.Any closed‐loop system with in‐phase feedback and a gain of one or more
will:
a. Degenerate
b. Cycle or oscillate
c. Exhibit a 0.25 damping ratio
d. Produce square waves
167.Pure dead time in a process contributes a gain or:
a. Zero
b. Infinite
c. Depends upon dynamics
d. One
168.The integral control mode is:
a. Phase‐Ieading
b. Phase‐Iagging
c. Inphase
d. Phase‐reversing
169.The most common combination of control modes found in the typical
process plant is:
a. Proportional‐only
b. Proportional, integral, and derivative
c. Proportional‐plus‐integral
d. On/off
170.Cable protection for grease or oil?
a) Clear heat shrinks
b) Black heat shrinks
c) White heat shrinks
171. Resolution of a transducer depends on
a) Material of wire
b) Length of wire
c) Diameter of wire
d) Excitation voltage
172.The sensitivity factor of strain gauge is normally of the order of
a) 1 to 1.5
b) 1.5 to 2.0
c) 0.5 to 1.0
d) 5 to 10
173.In feedback control system the controller gets from the?
A. controller variables
174.Capacitive transducers are normally employed for___________
measurements
a) Static
b)Dynamic
c) Transient
d) Both static and dynamic
175.Which cable tray use for home run cable
a)ladder tray
b)Perforated tray
c)Mesh tray