Wireless Communications

TU Lam-Thanh
 EXAMPLE 1
• Considering a wireless transmission subject to Rayleigh fading with the
probability density function (PDF) of the received power is
1 𝛾
𝑓𝑃ത𝑟 𝛾 = exp −
𝑃ത𝑟 𝑃ത𝑟

• Compute the outage probability given P_{th} is the required threshold

• Compute the outage probability where \bar{P}_r = - 20 dBm and P_{th} = -
60 dBm
• Given P_{th} = - 80 dBm, find the minimal value of \bar{P}_r so that
outage probability is less than 0.5%

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 EXAMPLE 2
• Considering a cellular networks operated at 1800 MHz. Assume that the
velocity of mobile user is 80 km/h.
• Compute the Doppler spread?
• Compute the coherent time?

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 EXAMPLE
• We have Doppler spread:
vvf c 80*103 18*108
D= = = = 133.333 [ Hz ]
 c 3600 3*10 8

• Coherent time:
1 1
Ts = = = 0.0075 [ s]
D 133.333

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 EXAMPLE 3
• Results from experiments about the path-loss is given in the below table
Transmission distance [m] Path-loss (Pt / Pr) [dB]
5 50
20 80
60 110
100 120
500 140
1000 150

• Given the carrier frequency is 900 MHz and d0 = 1 [m]

• Find the parameters of the simplified path-loss model that match with the above table
• Compute the path-loss at d = 1.5 km according to the above parameter.

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 EXAMPLE
−
 4 d0 
2
• We have PL =
PT  d0 
=K  where K =  
PR d    

• Find 𝛾  4 d 0 
2

K =  = 1421.2 = 31.53 [dB]

• First:   
  d 0  − 
• Next PL = 10 log10  K    = K  dB  −  10 ( log10 ( d 0 ) − log10 ( d ) ) = K  dB  +  10 log10 ( d )
  d  
Transmission distance [m] Measurement [dB] Computation [dB]
5 50 K + 10𝛾log10(5)
20 80 K + 10𝛾log10(20)
60 110 K + 10𝛾log10(60)
100 120 K + 10𝛾log10(100)
500 140 K + 10𝛾log10(500)
1000 150 K + 10𝛾log10(1000)
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 EXAMPLE
• Employing MMSE (minimize mean square error):
6 6
F ( ) =  ( PL ( d ) − PL ( d ) ) =  ( PL ( d ) − K − 10 log ( d ) )
2 2
m i c i m i 10 i
i =1 i =1
= ( 50 − 31.53 − 10 log ( 5 ) ) + (80 − 31.53 − 10 log ( 20 ) ) + (110 − 31.53 − 10 log ( 60 ) )
2 2 2
10 10 10

+ (120 − 31.53 − 10 log (100 ) ) + (140 − 31.53 − 10 log ( 500 ) ) + (150 − 31.53 − 10 log (1000 ) )
2 2 2
10 10 10

= 42475.8− 20812.2 + 2562.7 2

• Taking the first order-derivative over 𝛾
dF (  ) 20812.2
= −20812.2 + 5125.5   = = 4.06
d 5125.5

• Path-loss at d = 1.5 km
−
PT d 
= 1421.2 (1500 )
4.06
PL = =K 0  = 1.1158*1016 = 160.476 [dB]
PR d 
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 EXAMPLE 4
• Considering BPSK modulation with s1 ( t ) =  cos (t ) , 0  t  T to send bit 1 and
s2 ( t ) = −  cos (t ) , 0  t  T to send bit 0. Find the set of orthonormal basis
functions and coefficients {sij} for this modulation.  = 2 fc

• Recall that

• There is only one basis function for s1(t) and s2(t):  (t ) =  cos (t )
T
 2T
2
0  cos (t )dt = 1  2 = 1   = T
2 2

• The coefficients are then given by s1 =  T / 2; s2 = −  T / 2

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 EXAMPLE 5
• Considering a wideband channel with power delay profile (PDF) Ac(𝜏)
given as follows:
𝜏 (𝜇s) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
P𝜏 0.25 0.45 0.75 0.5 0.25

• A) Compute the average delay spread

• B) Compute rms delay spread

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 EXAMPLE 

• Recall   A ( ) d
c

• The average delay spread T =

m
0


 Ac ( ) d
0

 ( −  ) Ac ( ) d
2
Tm
• The rms delay spread T = 0

m

 Ac ( ) d
0

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 EXAMPLE
• For discrete random variable, we have
5

  A ( )c
0*0.25 + 0.5*0.45 + 1*0.75 + 1.5*0.5 + 2*0.25
T = i =1
= = 1.01136 [  s ]
5
0.25 + 0.45 + 0.75 + 0.5 + 0.25
 Ac ( )
m

i =1

 ( −  )
5
Ac ( )
2
Tm
T = i =1
5
= 0.578877 [  s]
 Ac ( )
m

i =1

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