ry

tuffiwffi W
Pffiffi*f,NTffiffiMffiffif &Tfu
9,
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t=/l
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OXF*RD UNIVffiHSilTY PRffiSS 9
Contents

Unit Grammar Vocabulary Reading t-il

d
Questions
Gelting started p6
pG
q
.iliii::i-ri if il j i:.!*:iij:.it.a: ij.ajr:,r_aj.

Routines CoUoctrtions ,

:
Nature's children
The presenl simple tense :,.i ;:.':.,.,p.,L$i.:,i:.{a:i:-
:.1:,.:.:..,::.::r!j:i:..t:,rr ji_: j:-.1
Language focus: il
Everyday life p8
:;::.tr:i: .iii.:.4.::ii:..ii..i:::,:.tl
:
shauld/shouldn't
p10
lr -.

pA f'., '{l
'.t
Feople-watching Lonely hearts I
The present conthuous b.18 Vocatrulary file: n
tense (v preseff simBle)
pr6
Describing people t
: Language focus: {
have/have got {
rjf: -:ta rjj::i..ir!:::!. . pI9 d
'.
i::i::iiral.::r.. : :r:::::t- i:jr:::: :tit ir.'r::i::liJ:iiril

ii
Gretna scoh€: .
:1.1
..: :.;:.r:.;r'.l.,-.*l.,,..* The Witch of Wall
Street
f
Lifu-Stor,ies
The past sirqple tense; {
regular and iRegular ' Language focus: f
e-ridin.gs so ... that ...
i"p2'4 : p24 ,' p26 fl.l
:. : I :
i
:
A,nigfrt out in.London :,:r:,:.:GP.C{try..:e.$€ ,.:,::,r* The end of the
:i
will; melting pot?
Th.e,future flrst conditional
:i.i.'il: r:ii rr:j]..::::,. : t:.
_
:::,, -:: r::n. -r
i . i,;,:::..:rji.ri:i :::!.:-.:r:l::r::t "..:
l

p74
:,!.,:,!:i*,'.i:.i'ji'iJ
.r:.:rr:i:i,ji j:. ::r:.:'i:..i:tr:i...:!:i
...]ri;i..]:..j,iri:.!.:.:-::.ra]1]:.r::i:i:lii.il.]r;ili:ii:l.i:-:+:ii,! .:.,a
::'
,__ps_1j_, jJi:::i:-.1:,.+:::a;:::.:i:.j:::.1.:iit.r,.i lil:i:ti:i.r:1ir.liii.'r.:*t::::in.,:=:-l
-:tl ::.::::
i j::. r: i:.:::::i: i'i:i _j;aa::r: :r::.rr.: i::!r:r:.:i'.::r .

i::=::,aj::i:1,':liJ:l:i,:lt!j:'.i.-::.il
t::: i::i':::a;:]:iaii:ir:::,ti:lj:-

General.knouledge Eye to eye

Language forus:
ComperativCs,and 4S -.. AS ...
supirlatives. p42
p4O:
r:: : ,::r:jij::l:-::lr-:1 :::: :i,::i::::r,:_ri,il:i:.-i:::ii:i:a li::.f
r. :L:,::i::i :r::l:i:::a::rria:':!t:i:::rii:;Ir:jt:.:::i
:a:r:ii ii: I _ :- ii:: :.jrr::t .i:::i:::r:i:ri:r:lair::: ::)rji:.
'.ti:rj :.:.:i::..:!a;:.:.:!: i:ri5:atil:l:::r.'iili:11!:.-:r

An e-rnbam,ssin(, The roof of the world

incident' ::': 'l
Yocabulary file:
The'past eontinuotrr Descriptive adjectives
tenje {v past simplei and advertrs
p50

Have you ever ...? Where are they now?

:i The present perfect tense Language focus:
ln-yor;r,,li (v past simple) The present perfect with
p56 for/sinc7
ps,6 p58
at ,'

I
 Contents

Listening Pronunciation Kxtemsio6"r Writing

and Speaking (Workbook)

Reading and listening:

Facts of life
pI4

llaking arrangements Listening and speaking:

rrnguage focus: time Talking about your
prqnsitions; present family
continuous (future)
Vocabulary file:
tf-onversation pie-ces :
Families p22
Making arrangements p20

Tcdling your life story Reading and listening:

tConversation pieces.. Shark Attack!
LiIe events
Language focus:
p28
Adverbs and adjectives
p30

llessages Reading and listening:

Conversation pieces: South for the winter
Ieaving rnes.sages
Yocabulary file:
Irnguage focus: will ior
Transport
spontaneous decisions'
p38
p36

ln a clothes shop Listening and speaking:

Language focus: You've got what it
too/enough takes (song)
Conversation pieces: p46
Shopping
p45

Asking the way Reading and listening:

Language foeus: It was a normal day ...
Giving directions Language focus:
p52 Participles as adjectives
p54

Meeting visitors Reading and listening:

p60 Two brothers
p62
,
 I
l

Contents

Unit Grammar Vocabulary Reading

The pyramid The Big Man

Countables and Vocabulary flIe:
Food and_health uncountablest some and
-, Quantities
.' f64 any Language facus: used to
p64 p66

How,h,onestrqre:you? Would you get

1
wo uld;.secavd'cpnditioral involved?
Possibfl ities p92. :'-.',. -.. ', r..,11 '.;t:,' ,: p74
--Y7'2
:-- ._-/
i

.T.he.New.Yaiir'i The f,349 houeewife

Resolution, .] '. Vocabulary'file: Work
gar& to (y'wi1!1, ,':,, p82
p8{..;1 , 1.. .-,;: :,,:,,; ,

1-_.:
-.jiil
lmet$d: r:" ':'' Fiona's new look
i
have:tuleaft:' Language focus:want
""":The media past:and futtffe s.omeone to ..,

j jp'I i
I88,,, ,,t.,:, , i, p90
 Contents

f .Ftanrnfi
* Pronunciation r i:tr:3t.>iit{?i Writing
amd Speakimg (Workbook)
ln a restaurant Silent letters Reading and listening:
Conversation pieces:
:,1
: denieiiii:;hi"d;i : r.;:::: :: t' ::
How long could you
Orderi.ng a meal live?
p68
,t,:i:: 1;1;:::11 I 1.1,':iiili: p70

Checking into a hotel Reading and listening:

Conversation pieces: Smart shopping
Polite requests.
p78
p76

Making suggestions Listening and speaking:

Conversation pieces: ::1 M.atitig:i!i*is,Ci9,rli:.: ::': i : :: ,:,'l
The pleasure principle
p85
Expressions with -ing
forms
p84
.:. .. . ...., ,., .. . . p86
$
Getting through Reading and listening:
Conversation pieces: Gladiators!
Telephone expressions p94
p92

Oh, really? . lel Reading and listening:

p100
Woid linklng 1t1
Going for gold
::::Pl91t:: ::::: :ir:: : :::l:::;iii: i :
p102

Arranging a time Reading and listening:

Conversation pieces: The strange story of
Arranging a time Martin Guerre
pI08
pI l0

Small talk Reading and listening:

Conversation pieces: Summertime Blues I

Small talk (song)

pll6 pI lB

Word list
p140
 Getti ng stilted
*{effi? *"??&tr

1 nead about Gianni. 5 Look at the letters of the alphabet.

a Work with a partner. What information do you a Practise saying the alphabet.
think is missing from the text?
AB CDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

Hi. My name's Gianni. l'm b ffi o.z Listen, check and repeat.
from and 6 You will hear a conversation.
l'n 26 years old. l'm a Look at the form and answer these questions.
studying English because I I Who do you think is speaking?
need il 2 What is the conversation about?
I work ] What questions do you expect?
I learnt
- English at
and at
loo. Bul l'ue forgotten a lot of Car insurance Name:

ir. I think that my biggest problenr with English Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms

(de I ete as ppropri ate)
ts . People speak very
a

and I can't
them. But llike English. I can talk to people
For a free
I can undersland the quotation,
phone male E female E
Address:
Number T- l
lEl o.l Listen to the conversation and checl< Street l- ---
your ideas.
Complete the text.
County [ --- ]

2 Can you remember Mary's questions?

a Write the questions. Tel no:

b ffi o.l Listen and check.

c Think of two more questions that Mary could ask.

3 Find out about someone in the class.

a Ask and answer the questions frorn 2 with your
partner. Vehicle:
Work in a grollp of four. Introduce your partner to
Freephone
the group, telling them what you found or"tt. 0800 444777
Write a paragraph to introduce yourself, using
Gianni's text in I as a model. Add extra bE 0.3 Listen and check your ideas.
information if you want. cffi 0.3 Listen again and complete the form
See Reflecting on Learning l: Your aims p120.
7 Interview your partner and complete the form
with your partner's inforrnation.
 Getting started

Vocabulary
E rrEr=e-:++j ;;+ .lc= r

Match these questions and possible replies'

Some have more than one answer.

What does look up mean? It's called a pencil sharpener.

How do you say armario in English? It means find the word in a dictionary.
What's this called in Engiish? We say cupboard.
I'm sorry. I don't know. L

It's spelt M-A-double R-I-E-D.

Yes. of course. M-A-double R-I-E-D
l
2 Looh at the picture.
a Label as rnany things as possible.
b Work in groups. Compare your ideas, using the expressions in 1

Can you r-row label any more things?

3 Test your memory.

a Close your book.
b El o.+ Listen and answer the questions.
b. See Reflecting on Learning 2: Recording vocabulary p120.

i$_

r*;,
r&

.j
.:/
 1 Everyday life
l:::rii'*'::i''':::l:l:'t::'t:l

&ramrm&r
Yke pr*sen€ sircp5* &ense
Grammar in use
1 nead the text and answer these questions. 2 Work with a partner. Discuss these questions.
I Why do we have routines? I How is your morning routine different from Jo,s?
2 Who describes her routine? 2 What other routines do you have in your 1ife?
f Are routines good or bad?

F3o:rt-n(rs Rules
1 look at the table.
Think about your daily life. Do you follow the same route
a Complete the second column, :using She.
to work every day? Do you sit in the same place in class?
When you get dressed, do you always put the same leg
or arm in first? You probably do, because we all have
I She
routines in our lives. I always do exactly the same things. She always
Routines save time and
I wake up at seven o'clock.
energy because you do I don't get up till quarter past seven.
them without thinking. I switch on the radio.
That's why they are so I listen to the news.
important in the morning I go to the ioo.
when your brain isn't very I brush my teeth.
active. Here's Jo talking I have a shower.
about her morning I dry my hair.
routine. I choose my clothes.
I get dressed.
'Oh yes, I always do exactly
the same things. I wake up
I don't have any breal<fast.
at seven o'clock every
morning, but I don't get b ffi l.l Listen and check.
up till quarter past seven.
I switch on the radio and
2 Look at your table from 1.
listen to the news. Then ! a What normally happens to the verb in the third
go to the loo and I brush person singular?
my teeth. I have a shower What happens
and dry my hair. Then I c when the verb ends in -se, -sh, -ch, e.g. brush?
choose my clothes and t How do we pronounce these words?
get dressed. t don't eat o when the verb ends in -0, e .g. go?
anything for breakfast. t r when the verb ends in consonant +y, e.g. dry?
just have a cup of coffee. . with t]ne verb have?
Then I go to work- Yes,
it's always the same.' 3 How do we make negatives and questions in
the present simple tense
Routines are very useful, but they also make you
uncreative. 50 sometimes it's a good idea to break your
o for the third person singular?
routines. Get out of bed on the opposite side. Listen to a
o for all other subjects?
different radio station. Take a different route to work.
Eat something different for breakfast. Change your
routine. You never know, it could change your life.
 Everyday life I

4 When do we use the present sirnple tense? 2 These questions are from an
a These two sentences illusfiate the two main uses of the present interview with I(en.
simple tense. a only four questions are correct.
Correct the other questions.
I wake up dt seven o'clock every morning.
Routines save time and energy.
I Have you a shower every
morning?
b Complete the rule using two o{ these phrases:
2 Do you listen to the radio in the
s things that are happening at the moment morning?
o things that happen regularly I What time you go downstairs?
o general truths 4 Why do you likes the weel<end?
5 When do your flatmates get up?
We use the present simple tense to describe 6 Does Christine get up first at the
and weekends?
7 Do Sam listen to the radio?
F Check the rules for the present simple tense in Grammar 8 What programme she watches?
Reference l.l. 9 How does Colin get to college?
I0 Does he often misses the bus?
Practice b Roleplay the interview with a partner.

1 Ken shares a flat with three friends. He describes their c Ask your partner questions about a

morning routine. typical morning in his/her home.

O Put the verbs in the box in the correct form to complete the text 3 How compatible are you with
Some are in the negative. Use some more than once. other people?
a Write down
tuln up: lik€ :come drowri i, miss ,watch rstay I have get up o a kind of music that you like and
'hurry, listen;to -,go.,t:, wake-up: switth'on run take staft
a l<ind that you don't like.
s your favourite food and something
that you don't eat.
Christine your favourite drink and
flrst at about seven something that you don't drink.
o'clock. She a game or sport that yol.l play and
dow'nstairs
one that you don't play.
a TV programme that you always
and _ break-
watch and one that you don't
fast early, because she watch.
work at something that you always do
eight o'clock. When I in the morning and something
the news
that you don't do.
I the radio and
r something that you often read and
ThenI-and-ashower. I something that you don't read.
downstairs at about quarter past seven. Sam at
b Talk to other people in the c1ass, using
about half past
- seven. She - the radio, so she these expressions.
the television and the breakfast A I don't like jazz. Do you?
programme. She always - too loud, so
the volume B Yes, I do, but I don't like opera.
What about you?
we usually an argument about that.
A No, I don't like opera either.
Colin - he's always late. He
to college and
c Who has the same likes and dislikes
usually breaklast. He as you? Teil the class.
downstairs at the last minute, and out to get the d Tell the class some of the other things
bus. But
- he usually it, so then I him in that you found out.
my car and I'm late for work. I the weekends, EXAMPLES
because everyone - late. But I
in bed Mdrio doesn't drink milk.
in bed. I Ilrst and my Carla doesn't read the newspapers.
-
breal<fast in peace! Look at Reflecting on Learning l:
Parts ol speech pI20.

b Iffi Lz -
Lisren and check. -

9
1 Everyday life

ffi
V*embuxXmry Kead&mS
emEX*emtEms:s ffim"*ur#Fffi sfugE#r*re
Here are sorne verb phrases that I Look at the photographs from the article.
gowith the nownbed. a Read the flrst paragraph and discuss these questions
make a I Who are these people?
buy a 2 What kind of lifestyie do you think they have?
get out of 3 What do they do?
go to bed b Read the rest of the article and check your ideas.
get into
c How does the writer feel about these people?
lie in
stay in
have breakfast in
Write down some verb phrases for
each noun in this list. You can use a
dictionary to help you.
house
ffimtaxr*'$ $hf;ndrert
home
school
work
holiday
car
bus
television
b Compare your phrases with the class.
The Travellers don't have makes jewellery and sells lt at
2 Look at your list of activities. markets and fairs.
jobs, because theY don't staY
a Find things that you in one place long enough.
o do every day.
Both Paul and Janice come
They are the children of from notmal middle class
I only do al weekends.
c never do.
natrlre - modern gYPsies. families. That's one reason
\(hen autumn comes, theY
why Paul prefers the life of a
o do in the evenings. disappear and we don't see
o Traveller. As Paul exPlains,
sometimes do. them on the news any more'
a 'Mlfather works in an ffice. He
would like to do. In fact, they move to the catchesthe sarue train to work
e don't want to do. cities and look for emPtY euery da1. He comes home at
b Compare your ideas with a partner. houses For the winter. 5.30. And why dou lte do it? To
See Reflecting on Learning 4: Using Perhaps the children go to pqy the tnortgage on the hause'

dictionaries p120. schooi for a few months. But then what does he do in bis

Paul and Janice ^re .frt, tineT He workt! He

Travellers. TheY aren't
married. TheY have t\vo
children called Moonstone
and Saffton. Their life is verY
simpie. Dudng the dav theY
sit and talk to theit friends
while the children P1a,v. In
the evenings they usuallY eat
together with other famiiies
atound a big fite, and
somebodv usuallY PlaYs a
guitar or switches on a CD
playet. They Live on social
security benefits. If theY
need extra morey, Janice
decorates the house, he digs the
garden, and he washes the car. He
tltinks he'sf ee, but be't reallljnst
I
a slaae. Wel/, don't taant to be
like that.'
$[hat should we do about
the Travellets? TheY're rebels
againsr respectable sociery
and thel' don't care what we
think' But wh1' shouldn't
they do their own tLrrng? As I
sit hete at my desk and think
about my mortgage, the
insutance, and taxes, I
wondet whot riSht.
ff

10
 Everyday life I

2 Mark these sentences True (/), 3 Compare Paul's and his father's lifestyles.
False (X) or Don't l(now (?1. a Find expressions i.n the text that describe each lifestyle and

I New Age Travellers are onlY complete the chart.

on the news in the summer. Vl Paul's lifestyle His father's lifestyle
2 Farmers don't like the Travellers. E
3 They spend the winter in
caravans. tl
4 New Age children never go to
school. tr
5 Janice is Paul's wife. tr
6 Paul's father works for an
insurance company. tr b Can you add more words and expressions to the chart?
7 Paul admires his father. tr C What do you think about the New Age Travellers? Which lifestyle
8 Janice doesn't eat meat. tr do you find more attractive? WhY?
9 Paul makes jewellery. tr
lO The writer has got a mortgage. tr ffiffik'.
ffi
r :.:ffi
B
#
ffi it
}i Language focus: shouldlshouldn't
a Complete these sentences from the text.
The oolice allow it!
TheY PUt them all in the armY!
What do obout the Trovellers?
why
But theY do their own thing?

b When-do we use shoutdlshouldn't?

-werules lor shouldlshouldn'tin Grammar Reference 1.2.
F Checkthe
C Here are some more opinions about the Travellers. Complete the
sentences with should or shouldn't,
'They can do whot they tike. But why I pay for it? Their
soaiol security benefits come out of my toxes. We pay
them to do nothing.'
'Maybe they don't do any harm. But thot's not the point. lt's my
land and they be here'' -
'lt's terribte. The music ls so /oud and they look so dirty. And the
children! They be at school.'
-
'People only complain because they're iealous. EveY society needs
its rebels. We them olone.'
-
'Well, I don't understand it. He comes from a good home. We're
respectoble people. He live like thot.'
-leove Why
'We don't do any harm. we live the way we wont
to? lt's a free country.
'Freedom? Huh. They're- just lazy. They iobs. And if
they don't, we them in prison or in the army.

d ffi l.: Listen and check.

t.
t;
* -get *
&
Hw: -put .a':ilr:l,tc,E*#

4 Look at the opinions above.

a Who do you think might express each opinion?
b Which opinions do you agree with?
5 Does your country have groups of people like the New Age
Tiavellers? What do they do? How do you feel about them?

't1
1 Everyday life

,BiB+T.,tr+.!.+Tii,!.1.ii.+ ,iiriiri, irr:...rr,r,rri:tu-.lr.,.,r,:.r r:'.:

L6s**m6*xg emd speek&rx*

T'i=;1i
iI'i# liitjt,'i;il,i+
o'c{otk
I How do we tell the time? fi re FCrst
a Complete the diagram.
b We can also tell the time in digital
form.
teru to
ExamprEs
seven forty-three
13:25 thirteen twenty-five ouarter'
I
I B:00 eighteen hundred prt.st
B:04 eight oh four

tu,en? to

2 Look at these clocks and watches.

a Say the times.
b ffi l.A Listen and match the
sentences and times.

I What's the time? L]

2 What time is our meeting b
tomorrow? tr
When does the programme . llr0 1
start? tr -i'10 \-
:9
2
Excuse me. What time does
'g \""\
5
the next train leave? I 4
You're listening to Radio 76\
West. tr
Good morning. This is your
wake-up call. tr d
Cor-rld I reserve a table lor
this evening, please? tl
Couid I make an appointment
with Dr Clark, please? tr fl12 1
Could I book a taxi to the
$.10
)
airport, please? tr {s 5
ii, ;
8
id s
4

g 2,

c
4

12
 Everyday life I

3 Look at tapescript 1.4. Wii:i,.::

m @
"6
a Practise the conversations with a partner. HTffiffi L{ MCE&KHffitrT
b Mal<e more conversations to
. reserve a restaurant table. The IPA
r book a taxi.
o give someone a wake-up caIl. The International Phonetic Alphabet
o flnd out the departure and arrival times o{ a train. (IPA) consists of symbois that show
r make an appointment at the dentist's. sounds. These can help you with
r ask when a TV programme starts and finishes. pronunciation. Often English spelling and
English pronunciation are not the same.
This is why learning the sound symbols
can be very useful lor students oI English.
There is a chart oI the IPA symbols on the
inside back cover.

I Vowels
a Say these words and look at the
spelling. What do you notice?
bed lel
head lel
any lel
These words have diffirent vowel
spellings but the same vowel sound.
Now say these words and look at the
spelling.
head lel
tea li:l
hear lrel
These words have the same vowel
spelling bu different vowel sounds.
Look at the IPA chart and study the
vowel symbols.

2 Consonants
a Most of the phonetic symbols for
consonants are the same as the letters
big tbqt
red lredl
But some consonant sounds have
special symbols.
lSl shoe l1l measure
l{l chair /fi/ just
l0l thing 16l with
l\l song t:l yes
Say these words.
l6i:zl h$l I [i:l
/0qk/ /srg/ ljrcl
I'plqel lbrt$l lwarl
Look at the IPA chart and study the
consonant symbols.
You will practise the IPA symbols in
this course.

'Rernind me - am I getting up or going to bed?'

13
I Everyday life

,'::iiii+l:,:::,

Kx&exns&mm: KeadXmS arnd &6stem&mg

a+: q s: F=ii,
qJ;c_' $tFe-*
=*EE:"S=
I How do we say large numbers?
a Say these numbers.

200
2,OOO
2,OOO,OOO
2,OOO,OOO,OOO

Note that they do not end in -s.

Exannprns
200 two hundred 6,000 six thowsand
Say these numbers.

15,OOO,OOO
85,900
4,OOO,OOO,OOO
7,650,300

2 Look at the text. What do you think the missing

numbers are?
a Practise saying these numbers.

'18
re r#
50 1,OO,OOO@i,';,, ,.'
73OOO;0OO;O.0O 7,5, :, :'f;igl
1,OO0 11: 2Z: 9;3OO,

b Work with a partner. Complete the text with the numbers in ?.

c Discuss your ideas with the class.

3 ffi l.l Listen and check. How many numbers did you
guess correctly?
4 Read the text again. Mark these sentences True (/) or
False (X).
I Every hour about 5,700 people die. tr
2 You spend about 30"h ol your lile asleep. tr
f You blink approximately two million times a year. tr
4 McDonalds sell 916,500 hamburgers in one hour. tr
5 There are nineteen countries where people drink more
alcohol than Britain. tr !

6 Approximately 500 planes take off every hour. T 3

5 In the text flnd expressions which mean the same as

t approximately (four possibilities). . to go up.
E

a more than r each person.

a every day. r a minute. ,9

a to produce c a bicycle.
6 Wtrictr of the facts in the text do you think are
. the most surprising? . the most pleasing?
. the most interesting? . the least interesting?
. the most depressing? . the most useful? 6

F" See Reflecting on Learning 5: Making mistakes p120.

14
Every hour nearly 15,000 In one hour Volkswagen
babies are born. The world's makes 166 cars at its factory in
population increases by Volfsburg, Germany. In the
and the wodd same period of time the Hero

spends over $- on Bicycle Company of India

weapons. In one hour the w'orld drinks produces bikes
cans of Coca-Cola. and the Reynolds Tobacco
McDonald's hamburger shops Company in the United States
serve _ clrstomefs. produces -
People buy enough BIC cigarettes.
ballpoint pens to draw a line
In a lifetime of 65 years the round the equator 160 times.
aYerage person watches

television for twelve years, and

sleeps for alrnost years.

In one year people in Britain

drink cups oftea.
Your heart beats
Per head they eat 65 loaves of
approximately
bread and eggs.
times in a minute. In that
Each person drinks
same 60 seconds you breathe
216 pints of milk,
in about Every hour over
times and - bottles
planes take off or land
of wine and 207 pints
you biink seveflteen somewhere in the world, and
of beer. But Britain is
times. You lose between there are recorded
only twentieth in the
50 and hairs earthquakes.
league of alcohol
and more than a

litre of sweat .-'*Fr'*,

'r rr
drinkine
lt' l,,lii= couritries.
daily. - ,l s

:-..+ti+-:
 zAppearunces
'ffi ;:';ii:ir;:,:.:i':*:=;,::::=,.:r-i, ., .,

W{&Wffi&Y
i'lia ti:, i'-ti 54.:,.. 1-=i i,-r",,] ... ... ,.
=., . . , , ,- :,,. : ,.. =,r.,,. '!:i.:r: f .: +l]

Grammar in use
1 Describe the scene. Which tense must you use and why?

,L-' ,il":

.!H'
.-fittir

ffi"*l
-ffi;i I ri61Y*
.----.+;;L,- -r.-

r .ir ,T:'l'
111 J"

*-${
1':t.

i*; ,
 Appearances 2

2 ffil Z.l Read and listen to the text. ? Choose sorneone in the picture.
Your partner must ask Yes/No
a Answer the questions. questions to find out who it is.
I Who is speaking?
Exarvrpr,r
2 Who is he watching?
3 Who does he think they are? A Are you thinking of just one person?
B Yes.
b Now discuss these questions. A Is the person male?
I Why does the man suspect them? B No.
2 Why does he change his mind? A So, it's a wotnan. Is she standing up?
3 What do you think is really happening? B Yes, she is.
A ls she buying something?
I often travel to other countries, so I spend a lot of time at airports.
Today I'm travelling to Greece and at the moment I'm waiting for 3 Look at the text.
-What
my plane. But I'm not wasting my time. am I doing? I'm a Put the verbs in brackets into the
'W'henever
piaying my favourite game - people-watching. I have the correct present tense.
time. I watch other people.
Take that couple, for example. They're truying magazines at the I (wotk) lor a construction
moment. Are they going on holiday or are they travelling on compan). \X e _ (buiJd) roads.
business? They aren't wearing business ciothes, but he's carrying a dams, btidges and things like that. At
briefcase. Every few seconds she looks round. Is sorrrconc following - moment my company
the
them? Perhaps they're running away and ... Just a minute, there's a
(produce) a plan fot a new
story in this newspaper. A bank clerk stole one million pounds last
motorway. I usualiy _ (work)
week and disappeared with his wife. There's a picture of them here.
in the roads department, but this
Hmmm, they look sirnilar. That's it! The money's in the briefcase.
month I (work) in the
I must stop them.
department that (build)
They're going ro the departure lounge now. Quick. Oh. just a
bridges. So my whole working day is
minute. They're saying goodbye to each other. The woman isn't
going into the departure lounge. She's walking away. Oh wel1, it different -iust flow. I normally
(spend)- a lt-rt of rime
was exciting for a moment. Oh, what is she doing now? She's
talking to another man. They're kissing. Now, I wonder ... outdoors, because I Go) to
the consffuction sites. But with this
new oroiect I lsoend) a -[oL
Rules
- At the
of time in the workshop.
1 Look at the story again. moment we (test) a model
of one of the.new bridges.
a Underline examples of the present continuous tense v'lrthl I, they,
arld she. For each of them, find
I (enioy) it a lot, because

e a positive statement. I -
(eatn) a lot ofnew things.
o a negative statement.
s a question. -
b ffi
- z.z Lisren and check.
b How do we make each of these forms? c Write about your job or studies. Say
2 look at the first paragraph again. what you normally do, and what you
are doing at the momenl
EI Two different present tenses are used. Underline examples of each.
d Work with a partner. Tell your
b what is each tense? Why is each tense used?
partner about your job or studies, and
Ee- Check the rules for the present continuous tense in Grammar answer your partner's questions.
Reference 2.L
4 Imagine you are people-watching.
a Choose one or two more people from
Practice the picture.
1 Test your partner's memory. b Write a story about them, using this
3 Write three true and three false statements about the picture, format:
using the present continuous tense. o What do they do?
r Where do they live?
Exannpr,rs
o Why are they at the airport?
The woman at the newsagent's is carrying a briefcase. * What evidence is there for your
Three men are standing and talking. sr o ry?
b nead out your sentences. Your partner must tell you if they are
F See Reflecting on Learning 6:
true or false, without looking at the picture.
Nouns p120.

17
2 Appearances

ffiEliiF,1::.,r:-i=::,.,

Voeabulany
: I i 1,: ...:i-1 tr
j+l =:+ i:
+i'- +E i iilitr :: -:,.!ii.-.:,i;
:;i i;i 1...i
., rn :"; i'! t-- t.:
Look at this list of words for
describing physical appearance.

thin tall fair short wavy green

handsome fat long young
dark brown good-looking thick
red straight big black bald
pretty blue curly slim grey
small attractive old well-built

Work in pairs or groups. Organize tl-re

words into four different categories.
Some words can bclong to more than
one category.
b Compare your categories with
the class.
Which of the words do we normally
only use for men or for women?
2 Look at the photographs.
a Read this description and decide who
it is.

:.:{33E:
She's quite small and slim. She's got ,-

fair hair and blue eyes. Her hair is

,i:'E
short and curly.

Describe the other people, using

words from the list. .tt:j:!.'

Which of the words didn't you use for

any of the photos?
d Describe yourself. :1,

1B-:

.*r.&

18
 Appearances 2

l:..,ijir'::'::l '-l
;."-E€
ffiffi"4.si-.i!,' B
$ Vocabulary file: Describing people
t=

ffiemd&ure& ']t'
t:i:

Complete the table with all the words and phrases in the
*:. *, .
:1i
i;ryd fl=""* advertisements for describing people.

appearance character lifestyle

1 I,ook at the adverts.
!s
? Match the adverts and photos. *z

##€!=:.!-
b which person would you most like to
meet and why?
2 What questions will the advertisers ask anyone who
. TM A SINCEHE AND EASY.GoING MAN AND I
phones them?
NEED a LovtNG eARTNER. I can cook, iron, and d Work with a partner. Choose one or two of the advertisers and
wash up. I have my ou.r-r house and my own make a list of questions for each person.
business.I'm 6 feet tall, good-looking and
friendly. Surely there,s an amracrive, b nead out your questions. Can other students guess which
intelligent female out there for me? If vou,re advertiser is asking them?
ur-rder 35. call roruy- C Using your questions, roleplay the phone conversations with
your partner.
a rF you'RE oLD AND BoRlNG, DoN'T BoTHEF wrH ::?ffi
;Fr;i e
fit and good-looking
rnts ao. I'm looking for a
guy with an exciting lifeslyle. I'm a lively, fi Language focus: hovelhave got it
long-haired 23-year-o1d and I love to have a
a Look at these two sentences from the advertisements.
good time. My interests are temis, hang-
gliding, and discos. Please send a photograph' I have my own house,
MONICA. l've got two children.
With have and have gof, how do we form
a A * negatives?
SOCTABLE AND OUTGoING MALE, 30,
WANTS A FUN-LOVING AND ATTRACTIVE
c questions?
rrnaau, Tall or shorr, dark or iair, e short answers?
I don,t care,
but you must have a good sense of
humour.
When do we use have and have gof? What are the differences
And you must like dogs. I,ve got twol between them?
Call
DEREK.
F Check the rules for havelhave goi in Grammar Reference 2.3
d Work with a partner. Ask and answer about the list below. Find
a nt, t'wt HANNAH. I'm divorced and I've got out more information, (Your answers needn't be honestl)
tlvo ehiitlren. I'm in my early forties, with
Exnmplr
blonde hair and blue cyes. Are you a quiet,
responsille man about the same age? You must
A Hove yau got a computer? A Do you have a computer?

bc a non-smoker.
B Yes, I have. B Yes, I do.
A What kind is it? A What kind is it?
B lt's an Apple Moc. B lt's an Apple Moc.
. ARE YOU LIKE ME? ABE YOU 17-20? ARE YOU
SHY? Do you sit at home in the evenings with a computer a boyfriend/girlfriend a swimming-pool
nothing to do? Is your best friend a computerl a pet a mobile phone a house or a flat
Please write to me. ]'d love to hear from vou. a bike an interesting job any children
JOHN. a car any brothers or sisters a fax machine

e With a new partner, ask and answer about your previous partners.
ExaMpre
: Has Maria got a computer? Yes, she hos. lt's o .,.
Does Maria have a computer? Yes, she does. lt's o ...
$
&
ffih'

. WANTED: A STRONG, RELIABLE MAN W|TH A

3 Write your own advert.
GooD JoB AND Lors oF MoNEy, I,m a slirn and
pretty Z5-year-old nurse with dark hair and a First look at the language that is used in the adverts for describing
If you're young and well-off, call
brou,n eyes.
c yourself.
JAYNE for an interestir-rg and affectionate e the kind of pafiner you are looking for.
companton. b Write an advert for yourself or someone else.

19
2 Appearances

LEst**$*S ffirre# sffiffiffik*m#

[El 2.i rwo people are trying

new
to arrange a meeting. Listen f or
t.ftl. lfiel,ieu 7)0
and answer these questions. ' ft"'to'Y
I Who are the two people?
keheoual 7 ')0
2 What tense do they use for
talking about their arrangements? {
,););) t,u.re 6rtt)
2 Look at the two diary pages. Dentitt )o
11..)O
a Can you sr:e any mistakes in the
diary notes? 7r1r2671a17 ')0 i
[El 2.3 Listen again and correct t0 lrr'nf(dN
ri ' '
I
the diaries. H
uith D itector
\l
2., O M eetitL! I
I

ReheattoL 7 .)0
Language focus
1 Time prepositions in, on, at
a Complete these expressions with
the correct preposition,

_ 1O,OO _the afternoon

midday _Thursdoy morning
_Tuesdoy _2.3O
night ?\LltH vltlT lo.oo -
the morning '''o
b Look at tapescript 2,3 and check TENNI' 7.OO
your answers.
Complete the rules. .:" . ::"'. ,

8.3O TO HOLLAND
We use with times, LI)NCH WTTH PETER
I
We use _ with parts of the I
I
day,
I

We use with days. |

I
':'"'*'

2 The present continuous with I

I
future meaning \|/
s!d'v

We use the present continuous !.m. EXHtEtTI0N BACK FR:OM HOLLAND,

tense to talk about arrangements in ARR IYAL tt.oo 1.m
the future. How do we know it
means the future?
Exnnples
Are you doing anything on Tuesday?
l'm ploying tennis at 7,OO.
Look at the completed diaries. Say
what each person is doing this
week,
Exavprr
Alan's meeting some people from
Polond on Monday morning,

20
 Appearances 2

**ii:,:.. :.

ffie.mrewmcEmti*m
Consonants; i ntonation
1 Voiced and voiceless consonants
Some consonants are voiced and some are voiceless. When you
say a voiced consonant, there is a vibration in your throat. When
you say a voiceless consonant, there is no vibration. The
voicedivoiceless difference can often show two different words.
a Put your fingers on your throat and say these sounds. Write voiced
and voiceless next to the correct list.
lbl ldl lgl lvl lzl lll hl hnl lnl lwl
lpl ltl lkl lfl lsl lhl l!l lfl
b ffi z.a Listen and rick (/) the words that you hear
f-6 girl curl Sue zoo
Lonversatron preces: pig big pick pig
Making arrangements pull bull rabbit rapid
two do sent send
Look at these expressions. come gum loose lose
a Which of them can you find in
tapescript 2.3? 2 Question intonation
Are you free ...? As a general rule intonation rises on a Yes/No question and falls
Are you doing anything ...? on a statement.
Can we ,.,?
Would you like to ...? ----__J -\
What obout ...?
early?
Do you get up Yes, I do.

How about ...? ffi z.s Listen. Is it a statement or a question?

ls ... any good for you? Tick S or Q in the table.
Yes, ,., rs fine for me.
Yes, ... is OK with me, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
No, I can't make ...
S
No, I'm afroid not.
No, I'm sory. ... is no good for me. a
b Work with a partner. Try to arrange
to meet. Use the expressions above b ffi z.o Listen to the sentences and check your answers.
and these times. c m 2.6 Lister again and repeat.
Sunday 1 1.OO Tuesday d ffi z.z Intonation only rises on YesiNo questions. InWh-
the afternoon this evening questions, the intonation falls. Listen to these examples.
Saturdayevening tomorrow -------___/
half past ten Do you live near here? Where do yow live?

ExaNrpre e Mark the inlonation curve abor.e each question.

A Are you free on Sunday?
B No, I'm sorry. Sunday is no good I What's your name?
for me. What about Monday? 2 Have you got a pen?
A Yes, Monday's fine for me. ',; .

rytr,.
3 What do you do?

4 What are you doing?

3 Make your own diary page.
a Fill your diary with some
5 Do you enjoy it?

arrangements for next week. Leave
two half-days clear.
Work in a group of four. Try to find
time for a meeting.
6 Are you going out tonight?
a
f ffi 2.8 Listen, check and repeat.
g Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions.

21
2 Appearances

Ww%wmwwwmx *xw%wmxmffi effi& %Wwewrmffi

I Look at this photo of Gloria and her family. b ffi z.s Listen to Gloria talking about the photo
a Discuss these questions.
and check your ideas. Here are the names she
mentions:
I What is happening in the photo?
2 Who do yott think the people are? Daniel' roliver' father Alison mother
3 What relation do you think they are to Gloria? Aarorl ,' ,Marion Ben Rebecca Josh

c What can you remember about each person?

d One person mentioned isn't in the photo. Who is it?

6 Gloria 10

22
 Appearances 2

2 Work with a partner. Tell your

Vocabulary file: Families partner atrout your family, using
family photos, if possible.
Look at these words and expressions for talking about a
3 Write a short description of your
family. Check that you understand the meanings.
family.
a Complete the marital status list.
First read Gloria's description of her
b Complete the list of family relationships, familv.
C Can you add any more family words or expressions?

Marital status: Family relationships: More family expressions: My fauily

S- husband wife the oldest/youngesi M/ father workt for
engaged (to) mother an older sister
.
.:'
a
chemical firm. He,, a ialeranan
m- (to) son a little boy/girl f. arud w7 nother it a teacher.
d_ (from) sister parents
l'rte got one titter and one
separated uncle to be expecting a baby
a widow(er) niece to be having a baby
't:a' brother. l'n the *cond child in
the fanilT.
grandfather to have children t:
fianc6 a christening My litter, Marioru, il the
grown up obert. the't narriel and her
hulband\ nau.e it Aaron.
Thlyle got three childrea _ two
boy and a girl.

My brother Daniel it ttill

ttulying ot unitettitT' He't I
t:
ingle at the noment, but he"
engagel- Hil fiancie't tuawle i'
A lison.

I got married latt Yeat to

,,a
\liver. We lon't hate anY
children Yet, but we're
Itannin! to haYe three!

b Write about your family, giving

information about
r your parents.
. your brothers and sisters (if any)
and your position in the Iamily.
. your marital status.
. your partner 1if any,1.
. your children (if any).

23
 3 Life stor IES
...

&ramffi&r
SFee pes* s*repE* €*rres*
Grammar in use
1 I,ook at this information.
In England you can get married when you are 16,
but you need your parents' permission until you are
18. In Scotland, however, you can get married at
16 without this. So young English people who
wanI to get married withour their parents'
permission often run away (elope) to Scotland,
The traditional place for these weddings is Gretna
Green, a village just over the Scottish border.
2 Read the newspaper article.
a Answer these queslions.
I Who are the people in the pictures?
2 What did the two young people do?
3 How did the girl's mother feel about this?
4 What did she do?
5 What happened in the end?
Discuss these questions.
I Wha/ do you think about the people's behaviour?
2 Who do you think is to blame?

a Compare it to your own country.

b What do you think is the right age to get married?

when Mrs lee-Curtis came Curtis and pushed her into a

Gretfia scene out, Mrs Schearer stopped

EVEN for Gretna Green,
this was a strange story.
Marcus Lee-Curtis, 21, ard
Marie Schearer, 15, weren't
ruflaways. The bridegroom's
mother was at the wedding
and so were twenty other
guests. But the i:ride's
parents weren't there. In
fact, they didn't know
anything about the wedding
until the following week,
and then Mrs Schearer was
so aogry that she attacked
Marcus'mother.
Marie first met Marcus
when she was only 13. They
ftell in ]ove and when Marie
was 16, she left home and
lived wirh Marcus ar his
grandmother's house. They
her. She shouted at her and
pulled her hair. \Vhen
garden. In court today Mrs
Schearer apoiogized. \7hen
they came out of court,
Marcus tried to help h is Marie smiled and said: 'I
mother, Mrs Schearer hir hope that in time we can all
him in the stomach. Then get together.'
she drove her car at Mrs Lee-
decided to get married. But
Marie was only 16 and her
parents didn't approve, so
they went to Gretna Green.
A week later, Marie's
mother opened the local
newspaper and saw a
photograph ofthe bride and
groom. She wasn't happy
and she blamed Marcus'
mother. She waited outside Bride Marie, 16, with husband Marcus,2l.'l hope we can all get
the Lee-Curtis' house, and togelher,' she said.

24
 Life stories 3

Rules 2 After the trial, a reporter asked Mrs Schearer

some questions.
1 find examples of the past tense of the verti Write the questions, uslng this information.
to be (positive and negative) in the text.
I When/ Marie/ meet/ Marcus
2 IJow do we form the past simple tense of 2 When/ shei leave/ home
regular vertrs? f Where/ the wedding
O UnderLine examples of regular verbs in the text. 4
Why/ you/ not there
5
How/ you/ flnd out/ about it
b what do you notice about the spelling of these 6
How/ you/ feel
verbs in the past simple tense?
7
Wlnall you/ do
smile stop try 8
Anyone/ try/ to stop you
ts See p29 for the pronunciation of -al endings. b What do you think Mrs Schearer's answers were?
3 Many common verbs are irregular and don't c ffi ;.1 Listen and check.
follow the -ed rule. 3 Here is another strange romance story from a
d List all the irregular verbs in the text. newspaper.
b write the inflnitive for each verb. a Write the story, using this information.
Exeupr-ns b What do you think about the PeoPIe?
meet met faU fell
4 Complete these two sentences frorn the text.
In fact, they anything abowt the wedding
until the following week.
But Marie was only 16 and her parents

o How do we make the negative form of the past

simple tense?
c What part of the verb foilows didn't?
* Is it the same for regular and irregular verbs?

5 Look at these questions frorn an interview

with Marie Schearer.
Stewart McIGy/ fall in love with/ Jane
WereMarcus' parents at the wedding?
get married/ but there/ be/ problem
Why was your mother angry?
both/ have a dog/ and/ dogs/ hate each other
When did you meet Marcus?
Stewart and Jane/ not want/ get rid of the dogs
Didyou live together?
decide/ Iive apart/ while dogs/ alive
? How do we make past simple questions with to be?
live/ 40 miles apart/ three Years
b How do we make questions with other verbs? not see/ each other very often
F Check the rules {or the past simple tense in
lile/ be/ very expensive
l. spend/ a lot of money on phone ca1ls and travel
Grarnrnar Reference 3.
last week/ Jane's dog/ die
Practice Jatel gol to live with Stewart
Jane/ said/ it/ not be/ easy to live apart
1 Complete these sentences with the past simple I/ not love/ my dog more than Stewart/ but/ 11
of the verbs in brackets. not want/ give her uP
I Marcus' mother and grandmother at
the wedding, but Marie's parents
-(be) Work with a partner. Write ten questions that a
know) anything about it.
reporter might ask Stewart and Jane.
2 Mrs Schearer furious when she
d Roleplay the interview, using your questions'
the wedding photo in a newspaper.
3 She -(be) -(not
to the newspaper and 4 Choose onb of these topics.
-(see)
(complain) about the photo. o How did yo.ur'parents meet?
4 Mrs -(write)
Schearer -
speak) to her o How did you meet your partner?
daughter when they in court. Work in pairs or small groups. Tell your group
5 Marie that she be) about your topic, and answer their questions.
-(appear)
angry with her mother, because she b Write about one of the topics.
-(nother mother
-(say)how
(understand) ts See Reflecting on Learning 7: Verbs pI21.
-
-(not
-(feet).
25
 3 Life stories

ffi ffiffiffi i lli':*:,itiri:i. i.;....:r:.'.:r',',. ''

F% H+
W**mfuu*Emrp tr€###$ffiffi
'?.F,r
fu$mmmy qr h,rl"{it ="fu ;"p.f H,af;:r i f lifl:r"e,=,,i:.,.
1 Look at this list of words 1 look at the title of the article and the photograph.
associated with rnoney. ? What is Wall Street? Where is it?
wealthy poor sell rich buy b Wt at do you think the story is about?
stock exchange mean fortune

ffiffid
cheap generous tax free pay
shares bank cost
stocks and
millionaire price work count
expensive propefty diamonds
job jewellery mortgage lose Hke ry
We can organize the words into
f f ettv Rohinson
a
spidergram like this: .fll"urrt all about
money when she was
very young. As a child,
she read the financial
inherit SAVE
pages of the newspaper to
her wealthy father. FIer
father died when Hetty
rvas 30 years old and
she inherited $1
spend earn
million. YVhen she
herself died in
/\\ 1916, she left a
sell buy fortune of
almost $100
I

price million to
her two
-/\
expensive
children"
cheap

b Complete the legs of the spidergram

with words from the list. Some words
may go on more than one leg.
2 Compare your spidergram
the class.
a Can you add any more words to your
spidergram?
Look at the words again. Choose
words that best describe
* a millionaire's life.
* your life.
26
H:y,",*
money on the New
with York stock exchange.
She was a flnanciai genius.
She made money so easily
that people called her the
Witch of Wall Street. But
although she was one of the
richest r /omen in the world,
she was very mean. She
counted every cent and she
spent as iittle as possibie. She
didn't own a house, because
she didn't want to pay
property taxes. So she and her
chiidren lived in cheap hctels"
 Life stories 3

2 nead the article quickly and answer these 3 Read the article again. Mark these sentences
questions. True (/l or False (I). Correct the false sentences.
Exaupr-n
I Who was the Witch of Wall Street?
She came from a poor family.
2 When did she live?
3 Who were Ned and Edward?
She didn't come from a poor family. Her pdrents were
wealthy.
4 What was strange about her life?
5 How did she die? I She knew a lot about flnance when
she was young. tr
2 She owned a big house. t--l
3 She didn't have many clothes. tr
4 She sent her clothes to a laundry. L ]
5 Street. tr
I&GLH -ffe"reffi#
She rented an olfice in Wall
6 She had lunch in restaurantt. E
7 She married a rich man. tr
8 She sent her son to the best hospital
in New York. t]
he spent ahaost nothing on clothes, and wore
9 She died in an accident. tr
the same long black dress every day. She lo Her son invested her money. tr
washed it herseif, but to save soap she only washed
the bottorn of the dress, where it touched the 4 Discuss these questions.
ground" Other people had their own offlces, but I Give three reasons why Hetty was called the
Witch of Wall Street.
Hetty used a desk in the hank where she kept her
2 What do you think is
money, because it didn't cost anything. She sat in G the worst example of Hetty's meanness?
the l:ank and ate her sandwiches while she trought * the funniest example of her meanness?
and sold stocks and shares. Ifthe hank * the most interesting part of the story?
complained, she just moved all her money to
* the most ironic part of her life?
3 Why do you think Hetty was so mean?
another bank. 4 Do you know any other examples of mean
behaviour?
f-f etty's family paid the price for her meanness. mii!:i:
I lrttt*" she was 33 she married a millionaire, :!.

Edward Green and they had two children. Green, ' Language focus: so ... that ...
however, lost ail his monev, so lJetty left him. a Look at these two sentences:
When her son, l\ed, injured his knee, Hetty didn't Hetty became dngry. She hod a stroke.

want to pay for a doctor, so she took hirn to a free The second sentence is the result of the first
hospital for poor people. Unfortunately the doctor sentence. We can show it like this:

knew that Hetty was rich and he asked for money. Hetty became so angry that she had a stroke,

Hetty refused and took the boy away. His leg didn't b Join these sentences in the same way.

get better and two years later doctors removed it"
fl rt eventually Ned got his revenge. At the age
I-Dof 81 Hel.t1 had an argumenI wil.h a shop
assistant about the price of a bottle of milk. She
became so angry that she had a stroke and died.
So Hetty's meanness finally killed her. Ned
inherited half his mother's fortune, and he spent it
all on parties, holidays and expensive jewellery. He
even bought a chamber pot covered with
1 Hetty was mean. She refused to pay for a
doctor.
2 Ned's injury was bad. He lost his leg.
3 Hetty was rich, She could buy anything.
4 She was clever. She made millions of dollars.
5 Hetty made money easily. People called her
the Witch of Wall Street. i
*iffiiirJ,ijF . s
,.*:;i:H!ffi
5 Look at this newspaper headline.
THE KTNOEST MAN IN THE WORLD DIES }
=r..ef+,:s'+j.:E4$fr.,4!ffiei.+-,.si+:.4*1+ -**,****.*r"=.6@**$

diamonds! a Work in groups and discuss ideas for the story.

b Write the story, using this format:
* The basic details oI his lile
o Examples of his kindness
o How he died

27
 3 Llfe stories

1 Geoff is telling Sally about his life.

a lEl 3.2 Lisrcn. hr column A, nunrbel the places rvhere Geofl
lir.'ed in the r:orrect otder.
b Malch 1he photuglaphs to the places in colnntn A.
c
Matcl-r tl're places in column A to an itcnr irr corumns B anit
C.
d IEI ;.2 Lisren again and check.

fir,"r.z io* tongz l"uron for reaving

Scotland years grandfather died

,,_*, ly five
near

Manchester six months

-- .. :.
grandfather was ill
f Singapore
^. two years
Geoff went to universitv
London not very long
.
-L p.ru ] fo* y"r* j tu*'"r'r company closed down

- l Canada ] eight years too cold ]

2 Discuss these questions.

I Wherc does the conversation take place?
2 Why does Geoff sa_v: .It,s diflicult to sa,v.,?
f WLrat positive and negative effccts do
)/ou t[]inl<
this had on his lile?
4 What clo 1-ou think ol Geoff,s lile? Does it sound
interesting/boriug/diffi cuit?
3 Write a summary of Geoff,s life, using the table in 1 .
The far north, beautiful but cotd,l

Conversation pieces: Life events

Look at these expressions.
I was born in ,.. I lost my job.
I grew up in .,. I was unemployed.
I started school in ... The foctorylfarm closed down
I left school in ,, , We moved to .,.
I went to universitylcollege. We stayedllived there for ...
I stafted work in ,. . I got married I divorced.
l got a job in ... My grandfather died.

4 Talk about your life.

a Make a list of he}, events in ),our life I,vith times and places.
b Work rr,,ith a parlner. Tell ,1r1r111 parLner rrotrr lile story, using lhe
expressirrs aLr.ve. Ansn'er any questions that v.LrL partrer asks
Write your life story.

Captatn Gecr;

2A
 Life stories 3

Wi,.tli:tltlit:
&q 4
"a
F*flffiflrH#Htffifi#sHfi#Et
*#d *ffid6mg; werd strmss
The past simple -ed ending
The regular past simple -ed ending can be
pronounced in three different ways, ltl , ldl and lldl.
Match the endings to the correct type of verb.
I When the verb ends with a voiced consonant
e.g. rob - robbed, use - used.
2 When the verb ends with a voiceless consonant
e.g. walk - walked, laugh - laughed.
3 When the verb ends with ltl or ldl
e.g. wonr - wanred. need - needed.

Con-rplete the table with these verbs.

attacked blamed promised waited
Iiked decided helped pushed
.l counted started watched lived
avoided talked seemed turned

/dt Itl ltdl

c m -1.3 Listen, check and repeat

2 Word stress with two syllables

In words with more than one syllable we usually
stress only one of the syllables.
Exeuplns
a. .a
problem expect

Say these words. Which syllable has the stress?

Mark the syllable with the stress.

study question attack picture

money machine headache spelting
woman tennis number extra
pronounce agarn people address
children sorry colour divorced
model forget repeat husband

b fffi] :.a Listen, check and repeat.

c Which syllable usualll, has the stress?

29
 lt
3 Life stories l' !

I
I

' ' D^^-ji !o* & I l' !

ExtensrCIm: r'{ea$lng anei !i5Een!fig

1 ftre illustration shows a scene from a true story.

? What do you think happened?
b what other words do you expect to flnd in the article?
Make a 1ist.

2 The paragraphs of the magazine article are in the 3 What do you think Rodney Fox
wrong order. did after the attack?
a Number the paragraphs in the correct order. a T.ool< at this list of ideas. What other
possibilities can you think oI?
b How did you decide on the order? What clues did you use?
6 He started a campaign to stop
c ffil :.1 Listen and check your order. spear-flshing.
d Which words in your list did you flnd in the text? o He became a doctor.
* He started to study sharks.
r He gave up spear-fishing.
o He hunted the shark that attacked
Language focus: Adverbs and adjectives him.
a Complete the example sentences from the text. e He tried to kill as many sharks as
possible.
Adverbs describe a verb.
e He started a campaign to Protect
Exavpre
the great white shark.
Foxlloated _to the surface.
r He never went in the sea again.
Adjectives describe a noun. b Work with a partner and make your
Exevprr choice. More than one may be correct.
Hesawa-fish. Discuss your choices with the class.

b finO these words in the text. Are they adverbs or adjectives? ffil :.r Listen to the rest of the
C Which verb or noun does each word describe? story and check your ideas.
d Discuss these quest ions.
well long suddenly huge I What did Rodrey Fox do and why?
quickly fast hard small 2 What do you think of Rodney
carefully desperately big great Fox's reaction?
dangerous large annual safe
4 Write the flnal paragraph to
,i!,' Check the rules for adverbs and adjectives in Grammar
complete the story of Rodney Fox.
Reference 3.2. See Reflecting on Learning 8:
Correction p121.

30
 tl He thought that this was the end. He I Other spear-fishers heard him and
fought desperately, but the big shark hurried to help him. They lifted him
pulled hirn down and down. Then carefully into a boat and took hirn to
suddenly the rope broke and Fox the beach. The nearest hospital was 60
floated slowly to the surface. rShark! kilometres away and during the long
Shark!' he called. journey one of the spear-fishers held
Fox's insides in place. At the hospital
E Quickly he pushed his fingers into the he needed 462 stitches, but he
shark's eyes. The shark opened its survived.
rnouth and fox escaped, swirnrning as
fast as possible to the surface. He L-l So he kicked the shark's nose hard and
thought he was safe, but when he it tuzned away. But then it attacked the
looked down he saw the shark's huge fish on the buoy. It swallowed the
mouth just below him again. buoy and the fish, It dived down
and the rope on his belt pulled
-l Near the end of the day, he looked fox under the water again.
down and saw a largre fish on the
sand below hirn. He dived down Z It was 1963 and Rodney Fox
to get it. Suddenly sornething was in the sea off the coast of
hit him. It knocked the spear South Australia. It was the
gun frorn his hand and annual spear-fishing
pushed hirn through the championship. fox did well
water. He looked round and that day. IIe caught a lot of
saw that he was in the fish and he tied them to a
rnouth of a shark. ft was a small buoy, There vvas a
great white shark, one of rope frorn the buoy to his
the largest and most belt.
dangerous sharks in the
world.

::l:ir.r:
::j':: lrlri: :::j :

, . ',. t',,1t" ' '

-.,,-r' :.- ',..:..i
"..
"

: , r::: :rt: ;::i,tir;t-:::li

' :: : r,ii-:'i:ri 1 : :r : :
:.:

:i,.: :lri::fr.li: ::::l::. )t:,;i::l: ::r,i iri.:: : r: i: ::i;iliii

r.l:r. ::r : _| i:::::l1,.:t:il,i:rl:.]l:l

:::.tr :lii' .:::!tr :'1,:,rlr I i:li.rrl'::.:!: r ir'

:i
',.
"'"r'..ii+l;" ,t ', "'.,''i.'.',ttt.-.,.'iri*ti'1ii..., ,,,.,,,..,
 4The future
i;,!.-:-::--!.r:i..... ;;!,i1:r:1.:;;=,-

&raxwre&r

Grammar in use
1 Look at the title of the article. What is it about?
2 Read the text and tick (/) wlnat the prizewinners will do.
[ ,"" a show at a Wesl End theatre E arrive in London tr have dinner with the stars of the show
E go to the hotel in a taxi -""t the stars of the shciw l dance at a nightclub
I hu.r" dinner at the Savoy Hotel E travel in a limousine E go back to thc hotel alter the show
. go to Buckingharn Palace E visit a casincr tr stay at the Ritz Hotel

TRAVEL MONTHLY -t
a:'
lf you are our lucky winner, you'll
have the best night of your life in 1i
our exciting capital city. Your night t
to remember will start when you ' :.r

arrive in London. lf you arrive by *,

train or bus, our representative will 1.

meet you at the station.

W**9 ffised *h*.s* €

Adelphi Theatre :
?t
'Sunset Boulevard' tt
3:
Apollo Victoria &:
'Starlight Express' ?:t

,.
Cambridge Theatre .i..

'Fame - The Musical'

Drury Lane Theatre
'Miss Saigon'
Palace Theatre
'Les Misdrables'

New London Theatre

'Cats'

KiEt*re *r;iii SEca* st*+F?

Our limousine will take you to the ,
world famous Savoy Hotel. You'll have ,:
'1
some time to relax before dinner if
you're tired after the journey. Dinner *i.
will be a f ive-course meal with 3:'
champagne in the hotel.
#rr.he:t qr!,iii ya:r.: d"*i
Then our limousine willtake you to the ?;l

,
theatre to see a West End show. You'll ,t
have the best seats in the house and :ii.

after the show you'll go backstage to

meet the stars. And that won't be the !
end of your night to remember. From
the theatre you'll go to a top London
t;:,

nightclub, where you'll dance the night :.

away! ?:

,
*
,.
?;:
 The future 4

Rules Practice
1 Look at the text again. Look at your answers for Grammar in use 2 again. Work
a Find these forms of the future with a partner and say what the prizewinners will do and
wtthwill: what they won't do.
* a positive statement (a long and Exal,rprEs
a short form) They'll see a show at a West Entl Theatre.
r a negalive slalemenl They won't go to the hotel in a taxi.
s a question
2 If you win the cornpetition, what will you do?
b How do we make these forms?
a Make questions using this inlormation and will.
c When do we use will lor the future?
Examprr
Compare will to the use of the present
How will you get to London?
continuous with future meaning.
I How/ get to London 6 Which theatrei go to
2 We use will in first conditionals. 2 anyone/ meet you 7 Which show/ see
a Complete these sentences from 3 Wherei stay 8 have/ good seats
the text. 4 Whall have/ for dinner 9 meet/ anyone famous
5 How/ get to the theatre 10 What/ doi after the show
If you _ our lucl<y winner, you
the best night of your life in b Work with a partner. Look at the competition information again
our exciting capital cigt. and ask and answer the questions.

You _ some time to relax before 3 Here is some more information about the competition.
dinner if you _ tired after the journey. a Match a clause in A and a clause in B. Make complete sentences
b Complete the ruie: using the first conditional.
Exannpr-ns
In first conditionals we use the If you arrive by train, our representative will rueet you at the station.
tense in the z/clause We'll collect you frlm your home if you live in London.
and in the main clause. A B

c Do the sentences talk about the past, arrive by train have time to go to the shops
present, or the future? What does the collect you from your home on Saturday
first conditional describe? have some time to relax not want to go to a nightclub
enjoy the show tired after the journey
F" Check the rules for will and the first want to meet the stars of arrange a nanny to look after
conditional in Grammar References the show them
4.1 and 4.2. our limousine/ take you really enjoy the nightclub
for a city tour take you backstage
take you back to the hotel live in London
like dancing give you two free tickets for
have children your friends
A4rn* want to do some shopping want to see London by night
(:team o-f Tafrato our representative/ meet you at
Soup utith Cin an.d
Cnutons the station
I nl ,, t ot,h Cail, Dp::,try
l .til salarj ttitt, Ro,sr,l p,p\tr, a1t/ l,ta r,.1t,.,..

jr*lF**18
b ffi u.l Listen and check.
Jt**Jt*i**ltr*:+**
Roast Dutk u,ith Mushrcofrs and
Bacou
4 What do you want to know about the future?
Salmoil with Tomato
anrl Lenton l/itlaigrettr a Write five questions withwill.
Pork utilll alppls Slirct,
Caluados and CreatL b Work with a partner. Ask your questions. Your partner will make
**+,*****{+}*r.r*t predictions for you.
Apple and Alnond Tart
uith Creaut 5 Write a competition article.
Dark Chocolate Tart a Work in groups. Think of a new prize for a competition. Here are
Itsh Fruit Salad some ideas:
**+.***l*rr**t*r** c a weekend in Paris t a day at the races
a a flight in a hot air balloon o a visit to a casino
Chrcse and bistuits
b Write an article to describe your prize.
*(:t,r*i8it***rtrt*,*itrt+*it

C)tfee and Clrccolau:s

J 33
4 The future

ffi
Vocabulary ffimmd$rrug
* i;lr" r, :-
?ir , r- l
eoumtry adjectiv*s "*1 J ""--
, tf"i ;.1 1,: .": l . i'
We use country adjectives to show nationality Immigration is a political issue in some parts of
and language. the world.
EXAMPLES a Discuss these questions.
They are from Japan. I Why do people go to livc in another country?
They are Japanese. 2 What benelits can immigrants bring to a country?
They speak Japanese. 3 What problems can large-scale immigration cause?
d There are several ways of forming country adjectives. 4 Should immigrants conform to the local culture?
Look at this table. 5 What should governments do about immigration?
Look quickly at the text. Choose the correct answers
-an -ish -ese -l irregular to these questions, according to the article.
America - England - Japan - lraq - France - I What is the article about?
Americon English lopanese lraqi French
E America's population is getting too large .

E Af.i.u, Americans will soon be in the

Hungary - majority in the USA.
Hungorian E ft USA is changing because of immigration.
"
2 Why are todalz's immigrants different from earlier
immigrants?
Complete the table with the countries from the box
below. You can use a dictionary to help you find the E ft-r"y integrate easily into American culture.
adjectives. I fn.y come to the USA for jobs.
E ft keep their own language and culture.
Germany ltaly Turkey the Netherlands "y
3 Why are Alrican Americans very worried about
lsrael Argentina Thailand Scotland the situation?
lreland Belgium Morocco Pakistan
Russia Nonaray Greece Egypt Poland E ffr" immigrants compete with them lor jobs
Portugal Austria Denmark Brau:il and houses.
China Mexico Korea Spain E ft immigrants don't speak English.
E fn"" immigrants become politicians and
lawyers.
c ffi a.z Listen and check your ideas.
d Add your own country if it isn't mentioned. 2 Read the text again and find
o alI the racial groups mentioned.
2 The names of countries have different stress . reasons why people are concerned about the
patterns.
situation.
Exe-mpr-ns
Mark these sentences True (/), False (X) or
OooOooOo
Egypt Japan Argmtina Don't I{now Q).
The stress pattern sometimes changes in the I America's population will be 383 million by
adjective. the year 2050. tr
Exaupr,rs 2 Hispanics make up l0 per cent of the
population at the moment. E
Ooo oO
Italy
o
Italian 3 African Americans are currently the largest
racial minority in the USA. tr
a Mark the syllable with the stress on each word in 4 Today's immigrants try to integrate into
the table.
American culture. tr
b ffi a.z Listen again and check your answers. 5 The number of people who don't speak English
c Look at the adjectives in the table and answer is increasing. tr
these questions. 6 Robert Byrd wants stricter immigration controls. E
I Which are languages? 7 Illegal immigrants only compete for jobs. tr
2 Which languages are spoken in the other 8 Illegal immigrants can't find jobs in the USA. tr
countries?

See Reflecting on Learning 9: Dealing with

unknown words p12I.

34
 The future 4

4 Complete these sentences with the verbs in 5 Discuss these questions, giving reasons fot
brackets. your answers.
I If immigration (rise), Hispanics f Why do you think the new immigrants don't
(overtake) Alrican Americans. integrate as earlier immigrants did?
2 If you (go) into the supermarket in
- 2 Do you think they will integrate in the future?
Rockville, you (not hear) any I What is the implication of Senator Byrd's
English. expression'these people'?
Schools (teach) in immigrant 4 According to the article, what is the basic cause
parents
Ianguages if (get) their of the immigration problem in the USA?
demands. - 5 What do you think the writer feels about the
If more immigrants (come), there situation in the article?
(be) fewer iobs for A{rican 6 How do you feel about the situation described in
Americans. the article?
The middle classes (lose) their 7 What results do you think that the language
cheap servants if immigration _ (stop). issue will have?

Jf present levels of immigration
T.continue, by the year 2050
America's population will increase
by 50 per cent to 383 million.
importandy the tacial balance
A4ore
will change. Hispanics will overtake
Blacks (or Aftican Americans, as they
are now called) to become the largest
minotity at 21 pet cent. Asiars and
Pacific Islanders will increase five
times to more than 12 per cent. This
wili push rhe toral of minoriries to o\er
!0 per cent oI the population.
The USA is a country of immigtants,
but today's riewcomers are different.
Immigtants in the nineteenth and ear-
1y twentieth centuries became part of
the great American melting pot. They
learnt the language and integrated into
the culture of their new home. But
today's immigrants keep their own cu1-
ture. They have their own TV chan-
ne1s, daily ne\rrspapers and magazines.
The English language has almost
disappeared in many places. Parts of
Fiorida, Califotnia and Texas are now
Spanish-speaking. The Hispanic com-
munity is a bil[on dol1ar market and
companies ptoduce adverts in
Spanish. In a huge supermarket in
Rockville, Maryiand, evcry custome r is
from the Far East. You'1i hear
Japanese, I(orean and Chinese, but
you won't hear any English. And this
language problem won't get any better.
;:
Immigrant parents are demanding
education fot their children in their
ow-n language. If this happens, it will
soon bc possible to erow up in
America and never speak English.
Politicians are asking: How far wili
this go? 'iUhat kind of country will it
produce? Senator Robert Byrd, a
Democrat from r{/est Vitginia recendy
told the Senate: qXrhen I phone the
local garage I can't understand the pet-
son on the other end of the line and he
can't understand me. These peopie are
all over the place and they don't speak
English. Do we want more of this?'
Both Democrats and Republicans are
demrnding srrict immigration con-
trols.
The biggest problem is illegal immi-
gration. African Ameticans are r,ery
worried about this, because the illegal
immigrants compete with them lor
houses, schools and especially iobs.
$7ork is the key to the problem. \While
the white middle classes complain,
many of them (includhg politicians
and lau,yers) employ il1ega1 immigrants
as cheap nannies, housekeepers, gar-
deners, chauffeurs and maids. And if
there are jobs, the immigrants will con-
Tbe Statue of Liberty: still tbe elttrance to tinue to come. I
tbe Neut World?

35
 4 The future

L&s*er:&m& emd speek&mW Conversation pieces: Leaving messages

a Complete the answerphone message.
66 H.ttn" Wcrternutrt Internutiona,l. Mr If otermon,'s
1 You will hear the messages on Jack offi.ce. I'rn therc's nobodv ir tlrc
Waterman's office answerphone. ot the m.ornerut, bu,t if vrttt
a lEl a.-] Listen and matclr thc people and your ruume and . Mr Watermtut rcill
messages.
back to )'or, {rs soon as T.tossible. Pktuse

Teresa going to the States ufter the torue. Thunk you. ))

son return call b - expressions wlth these verbs.
Complete the
Peter no message
ring put drop r."*rn g*
wife long meeting get call be phone have
Dennis party
Sarah Jones traffic jam on the M25 l'll _ back to you.
mother results of the Dutch project I'm _about the results.
I

I'll _ them in the post.

b Answer these questions.
I'll _ youoring.
I Where is Mrs Waterman?
... in case you wont to me back.
2 When will shc phone her husband?
I When does Sarah Jones thlnk she will arrive? l'm just your coll.
4 Why does she leave a telephone number? I'll _a chot with them,
5 Where will Dennis be this afternoon? I'll _you -
a line,
6 Whal doesn't Jack's mother like? l'll _ in touch.
7 What does Teresa want to talk about?
I'm just to soy .,.
8 How long will she be away?
9 What does Jack's son wanl? c EI 4.-l Listen again and check your answers,
lA s.l Listen again and chcck.

m*u"

!,. " :'.Ll

;:,'=:t';ff
':: ,i!;;' it
::it::;.) a

a:t

\-:"""'{.:-

%,' "ii,j&
_
'i-i::Fj:#
il ntt
t
' l' ! lt, l; l, I t lt t ft t

l' ,l ]' t,, t I t, ir

1t ', ',
t't' , ,'l', ', ,',
','',","
L_j t
{.I I | ''
t I I
I
I .
l.
t',
|
llt
iL-l
 The future 4

W*rt' :t*sxit&w ::: t ''

{ rr

Language focus: Pronune iation

wi ll for spontaneous decisions
hl, h:l; sentence stress
We also use will when we make decisions as we
are speaking.
a Look at these sentences from the answerphone
1 The sounds hl and h:l
messa9es, Some vowels are short, e.g. lol (as in dog).
Some vowels are long, e.g. lc:l (as in door).
Anywoy, l'll give you a coll this evening.
As you're not there, I'll have o chot with
The short/long difference is important, because it can
the
show two different words.
ogency.
Exal,Ipr,rs
b Look at tapescript 4.3 and underline more
examples with will for a spontaneous decision.
cat lal cart ls'./
fit lrl feet li:l
g In this unit you will practise one of these short/long
differences: ltl and lt./. You will practise others in
2 Practise giving and leaving messages. Iater units
a Work with a partner. Take it in turns to be the a Say these words.
secretary speaking to Mr Waterman. hitl he'll ir eat
Use the information and expressions on p36 and give iive leave slip sleep
Mr Waterman the messages. will we'll his he's
Examplrs chip cheap rich reach
There were some messages while you were out. sit seat hit heat
Peter has got the results of the Dutch project. He'll put them fiil feel this these
in the post.
Your wife won't be back till tomorrow. Her meeting ... b ffi a.+ Iisten and tick (/) the words you hear.
C m 4.5 Listen again and repeat.
Take it in turns to be the caller and the secretary.
Use these situations to leave messages.
2 Sentence stress
Caller Phone Mr Waterman and leave a message
with the secretary. We saw in Unit 3 that not all the syllables in a word
Secretary Write down the message. Check it back are stressed equally. This is the same for sentences.
with the caller. Not al1 of the syllables are stressed equally.

I You're going to be in London for four days. ffi a.f Listen to these sentences. What kind of
You're staying at the Great Western Hotel, words have the stress?
Paddington. You want to meet Mr Waterman. rOorOr
2 You've got a meeting with Mr Waterman at three I'lI see you tomorrow.
o'clock this afternoon, but you don't feel well. Oooa
What do you want?
I You are Mr Waterman's son. While you were at
a aa a o e O
your friend's house, someone stole the car. I'm going to have a drink.
4 Mr Waterman phoned you yesterday for some
information. You haven't got it yet, but you b ffi a.z Each sentence in the conversation has two
think it will arrive tomorrow. stressed syilables. Listen and mark them.
5 You had an interesting meeting this morning.
A Where are you going?
You have some confidential information, but you
don't want to give it over the phone. B I'm going to the shops.
;- 6 You're having dinner with Mr Waterman this A Can I come with you?
ffil evening. You're phoning to make the B Yes, if you like.
arrangements. Tell him when and where you will
meel .
A Are you taking the car?
B I want to walk.
fl
{.*-,:
Think oI two more messages to leave with the
secretary. A But it's starting to rain.
i-.
3 Use a tape recorder, at home or at school, to B That doesn't matter.
$ practise leaving messages on an answerphone. A Oh, I'11 stay at home then.
B OI(. See you iater.
ffi c ffi a.zlisten and check.
f d ffi a.z Listen again and repeat.

37
4 The future

ffiw:k*mwx*m; Www&amffi mm& &*w%wmsmffi

Here is the first part of a story

frorn One-Way Ticket, a book of
short stories in the Oxford
36
Bookworm Seies-
Lorrk.tt tlris list rrl places

South for tbe Winter

and events.
Read the story quickly. Match the
places and events.

I never stay in one country for a long time. It gets boring. I like to
Venice Two American girls move on1 see new places, me'et different people. It's a good life,
got on the train. most of the rime. Sfhen I need money, I get a job. I can clo most
Melanie and Carol things - hotel and restaurant work, building work, picking fruit.
Trieste
are going to meet I like to go south in the winter - Cyprus, or perhaps North
Tom at the weekend. Africa. Lif-e is easier in the sun, and northern Europe can get Yery
Zagreb Tom bought a train cold in the winter. Last year I was in Venice for October. I did some
ticket. work in a hotel for three weeks, then I began slowly to move south.
The girls got off the I always go by train r.vhen I can. I like trains. You can walk about
Belgrade train. on a train, and you meet a lot of people.
Tom worked in a I left Venice ancl went on to Trieste. There I got a cheap ticket
Bela Palanka
hotel for three weeks. for the slow train to Sofia, in Bulgaria. It takes a day and a haif, but
Tom went to the rhe express was too expensive.
restaurant car with The train left Trieste at nine o'clock on a Thursday morning.
Sofia Melanie. There weren't many people on it at first, but at T.agreb mctre
people got oo. Two girls went along the corridor, past my
Read the story again and find the compartment. Tl-rey looked thror-igh the door, but they clidn't come
answers to these questions. in. The train left Zagreb and I looked out of the rc'indow for about
I Wl-rat is Tom's job? ren minutes, then I went to sleep.
2 Why was he on the train? SThen I opened my eyes again, the two girls were in the
I How did the girls find out Tom's compartment.
nanle? 'Hil' tirey said.
4 How old are Tom and the girls? 'Yoi-r're American,' I said. 'Or Canadian. Rigirt?'
5 Why were the girls on the train? 'American,' tire taller girl said" She srniled. 'Anci you're twenty-
6 Why didn't Carol go to the three, your name's Tom Waish, you'ye got blue eyes, and your
restaurant car?
rlurn lives in Burnham-on-Sea, UK. Right?'
7 Why was Tom surprised when the 'How did you know all that?' I asked.
girls got off the train?
The second girl laughed. 'She looked at your passport' It's ill
8 Whcre and whcn are the girls
your coat pocket.'
meeting Tom again?
'Oh. Rigirt.' My coat was on the seat next to rne. I took my
9 Where and when did thc train
stop? passport out of my pocket antl put it in my bag in tire iuggage rack'
'Who are you, then?' I asked.
What do you think will hapPen in They told me. Meiernie ancl Carol from Los Angeles, USA. They
the story? Give reasons for Your liked Europe, the1, said. They knew a 1ot of places - Britain,
predictions. Germany, France, Spain, Italy, I{ungarv, Br-rlgaria, Greece . . '
T'hey seen:red iike nice girls. They were older than nte, perhaps
[wenty-seven or trventy-eight, br,rt I liked tl-lem. Xile talked and
laughecl for l-rours. I told them a ior of stories about my life. Some
of rhe stclries were true, some weren't. But the girls laughed
anywa),', and said I was a :ireat guy. I asked them about tsuigaria,

38
 The future 4

4 ffi a.s Listen. You will hear the rest

because I didn't know the
country. They knew Sofia
weIl, they said.
'Hey, Carol,' Melanie said.
'\We're staying in Bela
Palanka for a day or two. But
let's go over to Sofia this
weekend and meet Tom
rhere. $/e can meet him on
Saturday night at the Hotel
Marmara.'
'Greatl' I said.'Let's
that.'
The train got to Belgrade
at six o'clock in the evening,
and a lot of people got off.
There were oniy me and the
girls in the carriage then.
The guard came, checked our
oI the story in three parts. After each
part say
r what happened.
r what will happen.
5 Discuss these questions.
37
I How can you explain the girls'
actions in the train now that you
know the end of the story?
2 Is there a moral to the story?
Vocabulary file: Transport
a Find all the words in the story that
are associated with railways.
b Make a similar list for another form
of transport.
do
6 Tom writes a letter to his mother
from Bulgaria to tell her what
happened. Write his letter.
Start like this:
Bulgaria, I
21st November ?.

t ickets. and wenr away again. I

Carol looked at Meianie. 'Hey, MeL,' she said. '}(/hy don't you
and Tom go along to the restaurant car? I'm not hungry, and I want Dear Mum, ?
to sleep for an hour.' l'm afraid l've got eome bad news ,t
'Er . .. Food's very expensive on the train,' i said. 'I haven't got for you. :

much money just now. I'm going to get a job in Sofia.' €'*e-e8 +q.'.-ad *;
?:

'Oh Tom!'Melanie said. '\7hy didn't you tell us7 Look, you're a
nice guy, right? \fe're OK for money this week. \(e can buy you a
meal.' Describe these things:
\fhat could I say? I was hungry. They had money, I didn't. So . Why were you on the train?
-J7hen r How did you meet the girls?
Meianie and I went to the restautafit cat and had a mea1. we
came back, Carol was still alone in the compartment. r How do you think they tricked
'Why are you getting off at Bela Palanka?' I asked. ''il7hat are you?
you going to do there?' r What did you arrange with them?
Melanie smiied. 'Find a cheap hotel, meet people, take a look . What happened after the girls got
around the town ... you know.' off the train?
'But there's nothing therel' r Where are yoil now?
'Oh wei1, you never know,' Melanie laughed. Sl-ie put her feet on r What will you do?
the seat afld went to sleep. Try to reassure your mother that you
A few hours later the train came into Bela Palanka station and are all right. Ask her to send you some
stopped. The two girls got off and stood on the platform. They things.
smiled at me through the window.
'See yc,ru in Sofia, OK7 The Hotel Marmara
- eight o'clock,'
Carol said"'ti7e'11 take you to the best restaurant in town.'
Then they picked up their bags and walked away. Nice girls.
\7e'11 have a grear time in Sofia, I thought.

(Adapted from a story by Jennifer Bdssett)

39
 5 Cornparisons
i'ili'::l,, i:it.'::

s,'xf&ffiry?&f
ff*rep*rffitswer-, .ft
'3+i s+;pa:rB&tsw*#
Grammar in use Rules
1 Look at the quiz. Complete the sentences with 1 How do we make comparative and superlative
the words. adjectives?
a Complete the rules.

To malce comparatives we normally add _

to the adjective.
To make superlatives we normally add _
to the adjective.
ExaMprs
old older the oldest

lead gold iron

is heavier than
b Complete these rules with examples from the quiz.

but _ is the heaviest.

I When the adjective ends in -e, we add -r ot -st.
Venus &{ars the Earth Exarrrprr
is lurther from the Sun
than_.bur _is When the adiective has a short vowel and
thc furthest. ends in one consonant, we double the
Christianity Buddhisrn Islaur consonant and add -er ot -est.

_ is an older religion than Exanvrprr

br-rt is the
oldest. f When the adjective ends in a consonant
Russia Canada China and -y, we remove the -y and add -ier or -iest.

is bigger than Exatvrrlr

but _ is rhe biggesr.

a rocket engine a jet engine When the adjective has two or more syllables
a diesel engine (except when the second syllable ends in -y),
is rnore powerful than we put more ot mostin lront of the adjective.

. but is the Exlnrprr

most powerful.

Rio de Janeiro Siugapore Cairc: 5 Some adjectives are completely irregular.

is closcr lo ths 6n,,r,ot. ExAMPLES

than_ .but_ is good better the best
the closest. bad 1,l0rSe the worst
far the

2 When do we use comparatives and superlatives?

2 ffi :.1 Listen and check your answers. F Check the rules for comparative and superlative
adjectives in Grammar Reference 5.1.

40
 Comparisons 5

Practice 4 Complete the text with the

comparative or superlative of the
1 write the comparative and superlative of these adjectives. adjectives in brackets.
Adjective Cornparative Superlative

interesting more interesting the most interesting

Who are the
expensive
thick
(good)
friendly
fine drivers?
thin
difficult
warm
wise
easy
wonderful
sunny
fat
long

2 Here are some more general knowledge questions.

a Complete them, putting the adjectives in brackets in the
comparativc or superlatir e.

b Answer the questions with a partner.

Which drivers are the
I Which is (high) mountain in the world? (safe) on the roads? According to a

2 Which is (big) island in the world? recent survey, young and

I Which elephant has (big) ears, the African or the inexperienced drivers are the
Indian elephant? (likely) to have an
-
4 Which country has
-
(large) population in the world? accident. (old) drivers are
5 Which animal ls
-
(fast). a cheetah or a lion? (careful). Gender makes a
6 Which is (ancient) monument in the world? difference, too. Young men have the
7 Which is
-
(intelligent) animal in the world? (bad) accident records of
all. Thev are oenerallv
ffi s.z Listen and- check your answers. (aqqressive) than (old)
-
drivers. They also choose
-
3 Wittr a partner, think of two people that you both know, (fast) cars with (big)
e.g. famous people or friends. -
engines.
Write sentences comparing them, using these adjectlves. One of the (interesting)
facts in the survey is that passenEers
o,ld ,, ,,glim, sh6rt, fit, , -
happy. intelligent suecessiiil , , .good at sports have an effect on the driver. When
t-alkative r strong nlce .
. . 'reldxed young male-drivers have their friends
in the car, their driving becomes
b Write a sentence lor each of the adjectives in the superlative, (bad). When their wife or
about someone that you know. girlfriend is in the car, however, their
EXAMPLES driving is (good). But the
I{arl is the oldest person in our class.
opposite is true for women. Their
My sister is the slimmest person I know.
driving is (dangerous)
when their- husband or boyfriend is

in the car!
-
a ffi :.; Listen and check your ideas
b Do you agree with the article?

41
5 Comparisons

Kemd&*xW
ffiH* €* *g*
1 What do you know about eyes?
a Discuss these questions.
f Why are brown eyes more common in hotter
parts of the world?
2 Why does our eyesight get worse as we get oider?
I Why are our eyes so important to us?
4 How do someone's eyes show whether they like
something?
5 Why do people wear make-up?
6 People normally don't look at each other in iifts.
Why not?
b Now read the text and compare your ideas.

2 Each paragraph has a sentence rnissing.

a Read the missing sentences and write the number of
each sentence in the correct place.
I But when we don't like something, they become
smaller.
2 This is why lovers gaze into each other's eyes.
3 Many people believe that blue eyes are more
delicate than brown eyes.
4 Pictures in the Pyramids show that the ancient
Egyptians - both men and women - used it.
5 The lens focuses the light onto the retina at the
back of the eye.
b How did you decide the correct positions?
3 Label the diagrarn with these words. What is
each part of the eye for?

. 'eyelid, , elelas-h:,,,pupil:'1, ir:is:,t:;ietjna, o.pJjC, newe

he coloured part of the eye is called the iris. There
are three basic eye colours - brown, blue and
green. A few albino people have red or pink eyes, but
these are very rare. ln fact they are just as tough as
brown eyes, although they are more sensitive to light.

B &Fu only see

part of the eyeball, although the
W BFwhole eye is as big as a table tennis ball. Light
enters the eye through the pupil and passes through
the lens. The retina sends the signal to the brain along
the optic nerve. The image on the retina is actually
upside-down, but the brain corrects it. As we get older
our eyesight becomes worse. This happens because the
lens isn't as flexible as when we are young and the eye
muscles are weaker.

ffir, eyes are the most important of our five senses.

%*dWe receive 80% of our information about the
world through our eyes. We also send signals to other
people with our eyes. Some eye signals are
unconscious. When we look at something nice, our
pupils dilate (get bigger). We cry when we are

42
 Comparisons 5

4 Look at the text again.

a Find as many examples as possible of
e eye colours.
c eye signals.
o ways of changing the appearance of eyes.
b Can you add any more examples?
5 Discuss these questions.
f Why do women generally wear eye make-up
rather than men?
2 In some cultures people cry in public. In other
cultures they don't. What about your culture?
When is it acceptable to cry in public?
3 What restrictions are there in your culture on
eye contact?

6 A lot of expressions have the word eye in them.

a Here are some examples in English. Match them
with their meanings.

ro see eye to eye wirh I ro ignore something

someone
to attract someone's
to keep an eye on
attentiofi
someone or something
to catch someone's eye I to agree wirh som?on?

to look someone
to watch carefully
(straight) in the eye
to give someone the eye I to be the favourite

to be someone's blue- to show that you are

eyed boy/girl
I i*rrrrrrd in"someone
to turn a blind eye to
something I to be direct with someone

b Do you have similar expressions in your language?

unhappy and sometimes when we are very happy. But
we can also control some eye signals. For example, we
can wink at someone or raise an eyebrow. Sunglasses :tt L"ngrug"
make someone appear mysterious or dangerous,
because they hide the eyes and so we can't see the
signals.
find large eyes more attractive. Children have
E ffi Fu
Ed W large eyes in proportion to their heads. Cartoon
characters always have large eyes, too. We can't
actually change our eyes, but we can make them look
bigEer with make-up. Eye make-up isn't new. False
eyelashes can make eyelashes longer. Eye shadow on
the eyelids can make the eyes look bigger and more
dramatic. Glasses can also make eyes look bigger.
for
H ffi Fe do not normally look into someone's eyes
W W tong, especially when they are very close. Eye
contact can be very threatening, so people only do it
when they want to threaten someoRe. lt is also very
intimate. lt's also why people don't look at each other ii
in lifts. fui+...
:iti#ffi
+
focus: os ... os...
We can compare things using os ... os ...
a Look at these sentences.
Blue eyes are as tough as brown eyes.
Green eyes aren't as common as blue or brown eyes.
b Write sentences using this information and
ds,.. os...
1 brown eyes/ sensitive to light/ blue eyes
2 in hot countries blue eyes/ common/ brown
eyes
3 whole eye/ big/ table tennis ball
4 small eyes/ attractive/ large eyes
5 women's eyebrows/ thick/ men's
6 lens in an old person's eye/ flexible/ a young
person's
7 eye make-up/ old/ history
8 our ears/ important/ our eyes

43
5 Comparisons

V*emba,x&mry :': Language focus:

Clothes with plural names
e E*&*r*s a Look at these two dialogues, What
do you notice aboutleons?
Look at these different kinds of A Do you like this shirt?
clothes. B Yes, how much is it?
Match the words to the pictures. A lt's L25,
Check the meaning of any new A Do you like these jeans?
words. B Yes, how much are they?
A They're L45.
shirt socks jumper skirt
coat tie blouse cap bra The names of some clothes, like
tracksu it vest shorrts jacket jeons, are always plural even
trousers jeans shoes dress though there is only one item. Find
tights hat trainers T-shirt more examples in the list of
boots sandals stockings clothes.
knickers underpants swimsuit Work with a partner, Choose items
from the list. Make dialogues like
b Organize the words into these the ones in ? above.
categories: d To describe a quantity of clothes
Things that you wear with plural names, we use the
* on your head expression a pair of lpairs of .

o above your waist

Exempres
c below your waist
a shirt three shirls
* on your feet
a pair of jeans two poirs of jeans
,.fr a pair of shoes three pairs of shoes

:. )" See Grammar Reference 5.2,

#
k,

2 Stand back-to-back with a partner

and describe what he/she is
wearing today.
3 You are going to New York for a
long weekend. Decide what time
{.t$ of year you are going, what you
tt& 1.5
will pack, and why.

{e
-' 20
Xth67

--, 1:r\
'?x@
fY

44
 Comparisons 5

:i::t:;:l':,:,.: , ffi"
ti!
'"8
i::
cor,r"rration pieces: Shopping
k&s*em&mW emd speak&mg
a Complete these expressions.
Em m m$mft&rems shmp Asking about and saying what You
want:
I look at the conversation. Can I
? What does the woman buy? l'd like ,,,
b Number the lines in the correct I'd prefer .,,
order. Could I
c ffi 5.4 Listen and check. -you?
Have you got any ...?
No. thonk vou. l'm onlv
I anythlng else? Let me know if you need any
-...?
E ;ust a minute. No, I'm NVould vou like) else?
sorry, we haven't. What ls thot oll?
about the black one?
Asking about and saying prices:
E cu.r I help you? I is thislthot ,..?
Howl.
E ruant you. That's f,7.50 I are theselthose ...?
change. It's ,..
They're ... (eoch).
E Y"r, how much are these Have you got anything cheaper?
T-shirts? That's ... oltogether.
E No, it's too dark. I'd prefer Making a decision:
something lighter. l'll take ,.,
E rhut'r f.t2.5o then, please. l'll have ..,
That's oll, thank you,
E Y"r, that's nice. I'11 take it. No, I'll leove it. onyway.
E rnani< you. Goodbye. b Decide which expressions the
customer says and which
E g"." you are. expressions the assistant saYs.
E t tit " this one, but it isn't -
C Look at tapescrlpts 5.4 and 5.5
big enough. Have you got and check your answers.
it in a larger size? 5:
iH

E rh.y'." f,12.50 each. tu=.,

E Ho* about this blue one?
3 Work with a partner and rolePlaY
E No, that's all, thank you. the conversations, using tapescript
5.5.
2 ffi 5.5 Listen to the conversations. What do the flve
customers buy? 4 Work with a partner. RolePlaY
conversations for these situations
ry:r.i+ii: in a clothes shop.
= Language focus: toolenough I You don't know what You want Yet.
2 You want a black T-shirt in a large
a Look at these two sentences from the conversation. size.
It isn't big enough. lt's too dark, 3 You want some jeans. You try on a
b Rewrite the sentences, using the words smol/ and light and pair but they're too big.
keeping the same meaning, 4 You want to buy a jumPer and some
Rewrite these sentences to keep the same meaning, using the blue socks.
words in brackets. 5 You want to buy some brown shoes.
1 They're too loose. (trght) 5 You're too short. (tol/) The flrst ones that you try on aren't
2 lt isn't long enough. (short) 6 lt's too cold. (worm) right.
3 They aren't dark enough. (/tght) 7 lt isn't thick enough, (thln) 6 You want a jacket and a black
.; 4 These are too small. (/o49e) 8 lt's too low. (hrgh) iil
leather belt.
H H
fum=- r."iM

45
5 Comparisons

W*a:t',., ,

!to!5! + n -:
:i*" +':*.
r ",_j rr"=i ,iL3- f"t * n*G::.-*t
"* I-' **i
; .:..* :a
.u- .-
"
*HH**S6*ffi:
i'jg*
**r-.{" r-*#
tl
. ! l'/i,*{,44 q;id i*p;$ilff ffi e"*"# rxS# $ffi##S.i6r3ff
u *". * n.*.8 *.
*ka 3u*ffr:&

1 The sounds lol and lc:l 1 Look at the song.

a Look at thcse words. Sonie of thenr a What is it about? What do you think the nrissing words are?
havc a short i o/ vornrel souncl and b lEl 5.g Listen and check your ideas.
sonre have a long /c:/ vowel sonud.
c El 5.8 Listen again and complete the song.
Writc the worcls in the corrcct
colLrmn.

saw jog song all got

caught want cost boring
socks shorts ball stop
what four sport bought

cEl 5.6 Listen and check.

dE 5.6 Lislen again and rcpeat

2 Reduced vowels
a In corrnected spccch tl're vowels in
sortre words are redrrced to the
sound ie/.
Exampm
ie/
Wlnt are yott doing?
What kinds ol wurds do you think
arc reduced in this wa1,?
Looh at these sentcnccs. Circle the
reduced vowels.

tli
I Hor,r, r-nuch aLe these jeans?
2 Does he like this shirt?
J I need a pair of socks. / ,.,tr
4 Could I try them on?
5 Conre on. It's timc to go. ,*1'-,
6 There's a gocid filr-n on TV.
7 I can pla1, t1r" ,rurr,r.
8 Were you at homc yesterday?
9 No, I was out all day.
l0 Hcrc's a postcard lrom Jane.
c IEI 5.7 Listen a.d check.
d Practise sayir-rg thc sentences.
Scc Reflecting on Learning l0:
Pair ar-rd group r,vork pl2l.
 Comparisons 5

In the song, the singer compares a 3 What makes a person attractive to you?
real person to an ideal person. a Work in groups. Here are soue characteristics. Add some nrore.
What characteristics docs that ideal * a scnse ol hurnottr * intelligcnt good -lookilg
pcrson havc? Horv intportant are . qencrous t a good figure a good job
they? r bload shor.rldcrs * r'r,e1l-educated a lot of ntoneJr
What cl-ralacteristics do y'ou think the b From ,vor-rt list choose thc ten featltrcs that arc rrost importanI to
rral person has gotT What do you you and tl'rcn pul thern in ttrder r:tf importancc.
think rnakcs her attractivc to the
singcr ?
C Comparc your ordet'rrrith the class.

4 write a description of your ideal partner, saying what

characteristics are important and why.

itryu'vtE ffoT wttAT illr TAK z/

(Yeue l)
You don't drive
You lon't look like
Anl on your ue wotu't let far.
Eut baby,

(Chorut)
/ou'te lot what it takel 1t
To
I!
lou've lot what it taket [* alln
t(

To tet my toul
Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa yeah
)/ou've lot what it toket for rue.

(Yeue 2)
Now you lon't live
And you lon't in the bett of tatte.
Anl nature diln't gite you tu
,,&ut
 6 People and places
€'x$-&fXe ffi&f
'g
;,:;';i,; : i"-j.!: i - :*Gl*Fflt+-*d*#S H#i*##

Grammar in use
Look at the pictures. What is happening in t\\r4
: 1. ns
\--a
each one?
2 The pictures are in the wrong order.
a Work with a partner and decide the correct order.
b Read the story and check.
: o@

ffi?
tr H L, J
\
ic'

'Du
!tr? Z. \\\
/Aq

An embarrassing incident Rules

One day last summer I was walking through the 1 Look at the tenses in the story.
local park. lt was a hot day and I was eating an ice
cream. As I was walking past the boating lake, I saw a Complete these scntences.
my friends, Carol and Jim. They were taking their I_ an ice cream.
dog for a walk. When we met, we stopped for a The poor man any harm.
chat. While we were talking, the dog suddenly They dog for a walk.
jumped up and tried to get my ice cream. I pulled
They just , they were in hysterics.
my hand away and unfortunately the ice cream
came out of the cone. Now there was a bald man b fnis is the past continuous tense. It describes a
-
behind me. The poor man wasn't doing any harm. continuous or unflnished action or state in the past.
-their
Find -more examples- in the story.
He was just sitting on a bench and reading a
newspaper. Well, when I pulled my hand away. the C How do we make the past continuous tense?
ice cream flew through the air and it landed on the
man's head. I didn't know whether to laugh or cry,
d He.e are two questions in the present continuous
tense. Rewrite them in the past continuous tense.
but Carol and Jim did. When I looked at them, they
weren't just laughing, they were in hysterics. But
I Where is he sitting?
was terribly embarrassed. Are they lau11hin.q?

48
 People and places 6

2 Compare the past continuous and the past 3 Here is another story of an erntrarrassing
simple tenses. incident.
a Complete these sentences from the story. Complete the story. Put the verbs in the box in the
As I past the lake, I my friends, past continuous or the past simple tense. Use some
verbs more than once.
Carol and Jim.
while we . rhe dog suddenly up.
hide ' get into 'exped' aPPear

- tenses in
b Why are there two dif{erent past
- these go put down hear clean
sentences? hel.p ring fdl ott not get dressed
-
We can show the difference like this: look run put on stand

w
I was walking in the

l
park. (rNcourrrru ecnou)
$\),-
I
I saw (co.mnnrro .r.crroN) _

my friends.

q/-
C Now look at this sentence. Why are all the verbs in
the past simple tense?
When I pulled rny hand away, the ice cream flew through
the air and it landed on the man's head. One afternoon upstairs to have a

bath. As I the bath, the telephone

F.' Check the rules for the past continuous tense in
in the hall. I _ an important
Gramrnar Reference 6.1.
call, so I _ downstairs. There was
nobody else at home, so I again.
Practice -
However, while I in the hall with
1 Complete these sentences to make true nothing on, I voices outside the front
sentences about the story. Put the verbs in door. It was my teenage daughter and her Iriends,
brackets into the past continuous tense. -
but I couldn't get back upstairs in time. I
I Carol and Jim through the park. the phone, into the living
2 The young woman her dog for -
room and behind the curtains.
a walk. Unfortunately, the window cleaner
3 Carol and Jim -(walk) ice creams. the living room windows. When I suddenly
4 The bald man on a bench.
- . the Door man
-(take) his ladder.
5 He a book. Fortunately, when my daughter and her {riends
6 Caroi and Jim the noise. thev outside.
-(eat)
7 The bald man When I out of the window, they
-(sit)
the window clealer. So I
2 Make-(read)
questions to ask the young wornan in
-(laugh). upstairs and a dressing gown. Luckily
the story.
-(laugh). the window cleaner wasn't hurt, but it was all
Write the questions, using this information and the
past continuous tense. very embarrassing.
I What/ you/ do -
2 What/ Carol and Jim/ do
f Where/ the bald man/ sit b ffi r.r Listen and check.
4 Wbatl you/ eat
5 Carol and Jim/ eat/ ice cream, too 4 Describe or invent an embarrassing incident
6 Where/ you/ stand from your life.
7 the man/ read/ a book Use this format. What tenses will you use for each
8 Carol and Jim/ laugh of these parts?
Work with a partner. One oI you plays the part of o Set the scene: What were you doing? What was
the young woman. Ask and answer the questions. happening around you?
r What happened?
o What did you do?
b Read your story to the class.

49
6 People and places

Keadirag
€Fre* r##6 #ff qfuffi wd#rEd
I Look at the title and pictures. mtl
a What kind oI text is it?
b What do you know about this country?
Vocabulary file:
Descriptive adjectives and
E
z Look quickly through the text to find this information. adverbs
I Where is the country?
The writer uses a lot of adjectives and
2 What is its capital city?
adverbs to give you a vivid impression
3 How many days did the writer spend in the capital?
of the places and his experiences.
4 Where did he stay?
5 Approximately how much did the holiday cost? a Underline the adverbs and
adjectives in the text which do
3 Read the text. Which of these did the report writer do?
this.
r take a sightseeing tour round I(athmandu
o visit the Chitwan National Park b Choose three adverbs or adjectives
o go by boat through the Trisuli rapids that best describe
. go on a trek into the Himalayas r Kathmandu.
r have a ride on an elephant r the trek.
o spend seven days in India r the rapids.
o take a flight in a hot air balloon r the holiday in general.
r fly over Mount Everest C What does the wrlter mean by
o sleep in a tent these expressions?
o buy souvenirs o the roof of the world
r We were entering a different
4 How does the holiday in Nepal sound to you? world.
a Complete the table with information from the text. r rich in culture and natural
beauty
positive aspects negative aspects neutral aspects e white water
. heart-stopping
r Don't expect luxuries.

*
!r-!

.u#
!ri
b-;
Ef*i
h,-*
t-- I

F""""""'*-{

fo:
b Compare your ideas with a partner, and then the class. 3:r
c What is your idea of the perfect holiday? F:1
5 Write about a real or an imaginary holiday. Fu
p:
a Imagine you are the travel writer for a magazile.
b Write a report on a holiday that you enjoyed, using this format:
f""
!trr:
r Title ftr:
o First impressions
@
o A day by day account of what you did. Say how
you [elt aboul each experience. r*
r Your general feeling about the hoiiday ?*-
r Advice for other travellers F-l
r Some basic information about costs and flights Krd pr
'I thoughtwe came here to relax!'
f.:t
|r=
tsr

7
50
 People and places 6

t
r! r l;l

The ancient buses and cars were

hooting loudlY. but the cow didn't
care. lt was sleeping peacefully in the
middle of the road and everyone just
had to go round it. On the golden
roof of a temPle some monkeYs were
playing. ln the street PeoPle were
selling everything from l(nives to
colourful shirts. This was Kathmandu,
the capital of Nepal. We were driving
from the airPort at the start of a
week's holidaY there, and we were
entering a different world-
Bet\ /een lnclia to the south and Tibet Io
the north, Nepal is one of the poorest
countries in the world, but it is rich in
culture and natural beauty, and lhere is

a lot here for the adventurous tourist'

The roof of the world!
We spent our firsl day in lGthmandu
and took a sjghtseeing tour around this
we began a dramatic journeY bY
fascinating ciiy. The Nepalese peopie
boat through the Trisuli rapicis lt
are very friendly and there is almosl no
was heafi-stopping - the most
crime here. But don't expect an exciting
exciting experience of mY whole
night life, because 99 per cent of the
Iife. For mile after mile the white
'st population are in bed bY 10
water threw our small boat irom
:- ?Zild pm, and there are no
sicle to side. Then suddenlY we
-.2 nightclubs
arrived in the c.rlm water ol a White water rafting through the Trisuli rapids
- -:eetng
We needed beautiful lal(e.
_- _nis
our sleep,
:.-leio While we were recovering from Our seven daYS in Nepal were
however,
l' . :rencit this amazing experience, our Nepalese wonderful. but don't expect luxuries ln
because bY
: l:e afe guides calmly prepared lunch Then a Kathmandu we stayed in the 3-star
-
seven o'clock the
. -the minibus took us to Pokhara for our N/arshyangdi Hotel The rooms were
next morning we
' :- iiy and threeday rrek into the mounLains small, but they were clean and had en-
were alreadY
_:: suite bathrooms. Durinq the trek we
Each daY of the trek began at slx
iS
travelling to the
- -)l nO slept in tenls, and the toilet was just
River Trisuli. Here o'clock. Our guides carried all the
: But another tent with a hole in the ground'
equipment and our lu'qgage, prepared
' many The food was good, but simPle'
all the meals and put up the tents evely
-: an
night. We waiked for about 4-6 There are no direct flights to
: - -,e5 Kaihmandu, so most tours include some
hours each daY through the most
::s and
spectacular scenery in the world' iime in India. We had three days in
: -:-:Se Zt lndia before the week rn NePal and
On daY 6 we arrived back in
--
-Je5 Pokhara for the return flight to another four days afterwards These
-=r yCU
Kathmandu. And we spent our . holidays aren't cheap. Pri'es starl at
* -:S range *
linal day in Kathmandu DUYrnq about fl 400 Per Person.
='.]n. * our souvenirs.
6 Peop e and places

ffil $ffi{F,.Ag1E1tiii,i1i.i illii;,i',f,1,i,:.,,:,,,,, ; I'

WmeakaxXmry Listemins and speaking
ffi$m*mw effi# fuw$$dEmgs ;ilii,1;i4i i't il ri"ir,i 1,i;i.,i,r1i1i

1 Look at this list of places. 1 You will hear two conversations.

a How many can you find on the map? a W a.z Listen. Where does each person want to get to?
church cathedral
b Find the places on the map.
temple car park 2 Can you rernember the instructions?
cinema bank €[ Mark the routes on the map.
museum bus station
railway station clock tower
b lffi r.z Listen again and check.
castle park
pub caf6
post office hospital
market . rnarn square
town hall hotet
supermarket theatre
library leisure centre
night club poliice station
school garage '

b Arrange the words in a spidergram,

like this:

leisure

buying transport

/" oovernment

education

,/\
school museu

Can you add any more words to your

spiderglam?

2 Think of a village, town or city

that you know.
a Sketch a plan o[ part o[ it. putting in
the main buildings.
b Explain your plan to a partner.
Examprr
There are lots of cafds in the centre of town
This b my favourite cafd here. It's opposite
the bus station here ...

52
 People and places 6

.a E"r-":.
Language focus: Giving directions Ss-*s=**s$s€s*sx
a Flnd expressions in tapescript 6.2 to match the diagrams,
-c-i word stress
tl

-t
I The vowel -o-

5l
1

a The vowel -a- can be pronounced in

several different ways.

-tt t-
Look at this list of words. Write them
in the correct columns.

"ld f castle again bald small

"@, Wffi lake
aren't
rapid
calm
ancient
water
way
start
station saw today man

m park
assistant
natural
came
hand
fat
final
walk

,yr h it Y J lal ls:l I etl lc:l lel

In*r--r
Y.///.4 I ,-vh lru .__wm
Wt t///.//r///./t)
mop cor radio qll signol

Work with a partner. Roleplay the conversations, using the

tapescript.
t:
,.tr*

3 Work with a partner. Give directions for these situations, b Hl o.-] Listen and check.
using the map and expressions from the conversations
c IEI a.: Listen again and repeat.
above.
I You are in the car park in Mill Street. Someone asks you the
way to the castle. z Words with three syllables
2 You are at the station. Someone asks you the way to the a Look at thcse words with three
hospital. syllables.
I You are ln front of the school. Someone asks you the way to O o o oO o . . O
the Post Office. newspdper tollether understand
4 You are in Carlton Square. Someone asks you the way to the
leisure centre. b Say these words. Mark the syllable
with the stress.
4 Work with a partner. You are outside your place of work or
study. Ask for and give directions to places in your area.
photograph grandmother inherit
million financial genius

assistant engineer property

afterwards argument difficult

unemployed expensive company

relative introduce cathedral

possible dangerous museum

c m 6.4 Listen and checl<.

d Which syllable usually has the stress
and which syllable rarely has the
stress?
'Just keep goin,q round and round at the lights.

53
6 People and places

ffix&wmm&mn: ffimmd$rruffi ffiffid $6stem$mw

Here are the beginnings of three stories. Each

person is talking about a normal day when Language focus: Participles as adjectives
something unusual happened. ? Complete these sentences from the stories, using
a Look at these words and phrases. these words.

b Read the stories and write the words and phrases in interesting interested boring bored
the correct columns.
l'm totally with our marrioge.
telephone newspaper roof wife
It was a rather meeting.
cardigan Sarah Harvey sofa windows
how you remember these details?
lsn't it
tea break quiz show radio meeting
I wanted to talk about it, but he wasn't
house husband bank
b the adjectives in the box are participles.
-
Boring is the present participle of the verb bore.
Robin Katherine David
-
It describes something that bores you.
Exnupre
This programme bores me. lt's boring,
Bored ts the past participle. lt describes how you
feel about something,
Exevple
This programme bores me, l'm bored.
C Write the participle adjectives for each of these
verbs. Some of them are in the stories. What do
the others mean?

worry shock stun interest bore

excite frighten thrill tire depress

2 What do you think happened? Work in groups
and complete the stories.
3 Now find out what happened.
a [Hl O.S Listen to the compiete stories in the radio
programme and compare your ideas.
Add these words and phrases to the table in
suitcase wife and children green jumper
DJ bag of tools cup of tea safe
4 Discuss these questions.
I Which story is the most interesting? Why?
2 How do you think the lives of the people
changed afterwards?
5 Re-tell one of the stories, using the complete
table of words and phrases in l.
d Choose the correct adjective for each sentence,
1 Most meetings are boredlboring.
2 I feel very tiredltiring after that walk.
3 I thought that Robin's story was the most
i nterested I i nte resti ng,
4 Katherine felt very depressedldepressing after
1 . her husband left.
5 David's family were frightenedlfrightening by
their experience.
6 Why are we so interestedlinteresting in other
people's lives?
7 That was a shockedlshocking story.
€ Work with a partner, Talk about these things,
using the adjectives.
Exnvples
Horror films are frightening.
I feel frightened when I watch one.

6 Write your own story (real or imaginary) for
It was a normal day, tusing this format:
: Set the scene. What was happening?
* Then wirat l-rappened?
r How did you feel?
c What did you (or other people) do?
* How did the event change your iife?
horror films English global warming
violence on television your job or studies
the future the British Royal Family
See Reflecting on Learning l1: Ways of learning
p121.

54
 People and places 6

\l/tfa
ffi 0r ail

l
i
I

{
t
I
,!l
S{

ir
T
L2

\1
1tl
iL
,l)

[TiJ;T[']:,-dmE- [il*':::'':]'r, David,ssrory , ili

,rr,.r"rno"r."ifl *fr l1jT.iy',f'arsas.now-abouteisht il;;-l-';r, ., .-J,, ior
;;;;;;i|-..+r.#.t:^:,i:I.1,theevening.Weweresittinginremember;';'];ryil5l
husband was sittins in
;;;;;;*il;', ;,eq# ,, li']::lf':' He Mv
was reading rhe paper, as
it was yeste,oay.
uu uur at
OuiiOei at" ine
lrre :l llrrtu,l: sittinion the sofa. I
f *u, ut work at
#Uff
time and I was .e rwas
,|::lyiy:-lilour daughter the,,r_llii#
"'-rl
;i;; ;;; .-..-ilffiF-i.. g. wasexpectinsa bank. i r W
*jd
#
',rrii T+ 1 tJ,*,;l,
ffi ; ;;'; ff:,,k:ii:Y
lllf]li"i'l;-,iilir.:jgrandchird - and r rl,,i,s ,
'* meetins
mv rree time Anvwav, we were 0,,,0,,n ffi:
Ti';['J:x'f ffffi#;I,I: iil
y::"::;:il::;;;;;;""'tins how
ll
#,1:l:*Jly;,.,,, ,], ,%] . ;,
i:T!':i[Tt;:1i,|TTi[ fiilffi:,X Il:: ]t was a rather borins meerins, but
mostoftheothermenWerehavingtheirteain'',o'i,ii'is;;r@-::.:]J::l,T9sare,.lSupp0se.Anyway,
break Thev were ristenins ro the radio
I
;;;;"#,, I
we yllt":::?.?":rrvev,lhe assisrant manager,
the
was workins on the roor or one or
*o.r,irg ii w;ii I y"T :9:ill19
_lY
secretlrv. came in and
houses.Therewasanotherguynearme.He
was painting the windows of
,r,rr,o]-r-*, I q ,-*ffi said,'There's a phone calt foryou.'weil,
normally my secretary doesn't interrupt
house the next ,rrt"-nrr,r.'", ; \--=- F
carrs' she takes a
no'rri'"Lur'r,nn
,r r,,.rr, *r,ri
I ::::T:: :'i ,Phore
I was surprised when she
'""'" | :Tl19t,.Pt wile
rroJ*i, -7 :T:li-]l:vour she said
it's urgent.' I was rather worried
she says
at this. My
vvre uu'rlr
wife doesn'tr paro gasily.
panic easily.
%

55
 7ln your life
urammar
-tni j-: : :::,

; ;14 ii.:!':ii:ii.*i=iiL
;i:
g;393'+;.*{-.,i, ?:,+}i"ti+fl:

.,.

Grammar in use
a

1 Look at the photographs. I

:l
I
€l Match the names to the famous sights. t
b wh"r" is each one? t:.

t
.,. l,:

The Eiffel Tower The Pyramids

The Taj Mahal Sugar Loaf Mountain
The Parthenon The Colosseum IE
The Statue of Liberty Sydney Opera House
I1
2 El 7.1 Read and listen to these 3 :--.;1
dialogues.
A Have you seen the Taj Mahai?
B No, I haven't, but I've always wanted to
A Have you ever visited the Parthenon?
B No, I haven't been to Greece.
A Have you ever been to New York?
B Yes, I have. It's a great city.

56
T---
ln your life 7

Rules Practice

I The dialogues use the present perfect tense. 1 Look at the photographs again.
a Find an example of these forms: a Work with a partner. Ask and answer about the
o a positive statement places in the photographs, as in the example
o a negative statement dialogues.
. a question b Wno in the class has been to the most places?
o a short answer
2 work with a partner. Choose from the verbs in
b We make the present perfect tense with the verb Rules 2 to ask and answer about these things.
to have and a past participle. Identify these parts in Then find out some more details.
the diaiogues. o an Indian restaurant e ice hockey
2 How do we make past participles? * a ride on a camel a Charles Dickens
o abroad o Berlin
a These are regular past participles. How do we make
c flsh and chips o a lorry
them? What other form of the verb follows the
o the Tower of London * basketball
same rules?
c measles o the Venus de Milo
Exannpr.rs c windsurflng o Terminator 2
play played try tried
EXAMPLES
live lived stop stopped
A Have you (ever) been to an Indian restawrant?
A lot of common verbs have an irregular past B No, I haven't, but I've always wanted to.
participle. Find the past participles of these verbs in
the list of irregular verbs on the inside back cover. B Have you (ever) been to an Indian restaurant?
A Yes, I have.
.,',be,l.:, 1 .;.,iOrrrc:,:, ;,' heri1.@ B When did yow go? Who did yow go with?
leave drive read Where was it? Did yott enjoy it?

3 We also use the present perfect tense to talk

3 When do we use the present perfect tense? about experiences and results in the recent
a Look at the dialogues in Grammar in Use 2 again. past. Again, we use the past simple tense to
Do we know what time the people are talking talk about the details.
about? a Look at the questionnaire. Add two more questions.
b Now look at this dialogue. Which tenses are used? Complete the questionnaire about yourself.
A Have you been to New York? b Ast two students the questions and flnd out more
B Yes, I have. It's a great city. details.
A When did you go? Exll,pr-r
B We went there two years ago. recently?
A Did you see the Statue of Liberty? A Have you bought anything lately?
B Oh yes, we saw al1 the lamous sights. this week?
Match the tenses to the uses: B Yes, I have.
A Oh,what didyou buy?
past simple I an action at an indefinite time B I bought a CD and a sweatshirt.
up to the present
present perfect I an action at a deflnite time in
You S1 S2 Details
the past
buy anything? tr tr tr
Check the rules for the present perfect tense in
Grammar Reference 7.1.
go to the cinema? tr tr tr
visit a relative? tr tr tr
do any homework? tr tr tr
wash the dishes? tr I tr
eat in a restaurant? tr tr tr
tr tr tr
tr tr tr
Tell the class some results from your questionnaire.
Exampr-ns
Maria hasn't bought anything recently, but she's been to the
cinema. She went lart Friday with her friend. They saw ...

57
7 In your life

ffii ffiffi;E*#P]; +ii ji:li:::,:lri]".''.. ::,' .i'' r:

Ea
B<#mflE X ffir*
Ww*mfuw&mwg etk&;&tdrErffi
ei****a****o5
E sqJ{6HWffE ELFs $W eflB€$
1 ::+
E:a a**+:;al'xt r3i ii.+=
, ::
:ii-,li=i,i i-i{,it:.
:i!+
;"
$.*mmmmy$ffiffi
1 Read the extract from a magazine and answer these
questions.
I a lot of common words in English I Where is it from?
have the same sound as another
2 Who is the magazine for?
word but a different spelling and I What is this section of the magazine about?
meaning. These are called
4 What does the editor of the magazine want?
homophones.
Exlrrprts 'Cott"g. Lit"!
I eye
sun son ., Where are they now?
a Can you think of any more ? Whal has happened to former students of Brindley College? !:

b Correct the spelling mistakes in this Please send any news about yourself or other former students to t
t',
conversation. the editor. This year we have received the following information.
L

A I think I've just seen a bare.
B Wear?
A Over their in the would. It was buy
that big tree on the write.
B I can't sea anything. But weight
minute. I can here something.
A You're write. But watt is it?
B I don't no.
A Oh, Iook. I sore it that time.
B It's a dog. The paw thing has hurt
itself.
A Yes, it's very week. It's hurt its
poor.
2 Words which have the same sound
and spelling but a different
rneaning are called homonyms.
Chris Bowker and Sharon Waring
have got married and they have
bought a house in York. Chris is
still at York University. He has
a worked there for five years now.
Lesley Miller has gone to work for the
. Kangaroo Television Company in Sydney.
ti Until last year she worked for BYT Radio
.'. in London, but she wanted to try
something new. She has tleen in
i" Arstralia for six months and she is
enjoying every minute of it.
t..-_.*-:1r *.- - ..a-, n *!a*
-;,
"**'-**aff**,*@.
.

What different meanings can you find 2 I-ook at the news about former students and answer the
for these words? Use a dictionarv to questions.
help you. I What kind of news do you think the magazine normally
Ieft flat saw coqntry reports about former students?
play, fi6e r
lift present 2 WhaI news do you think it doesn't publish?
',

3 Read the two letters to the editor and answer the

b Make two sentences for each word to questions.
illustrate the dillerences in meaning. I Who are they from?
2 What is their relationship with the editor?
3 Who do they contain information about?
4 Work in groups. You are the editors of the rnagazine.
a Discuss these questions.
I What information do you have about the people in the
photographs?
2 Which information would you use {or the magazine? Why?
b prt the information that you would use in the table.

58

The Editor
Brindley Bul1etin
Brlndley Colleg.e
ft<ninster
PH8 9QW
Dear Sir or Madam
I have just. read the ,Where
of this year,s collesre
with some news, as you *";;;"'.
ask.
The last. three years have
for me. When T left co11eg"
fcf, buL 1 only sLaved
rhora F^- _
Flat ln your life 7
14 ch.
Londo
12 Nc
Language focus:
The present perfect with for and since
a Look at the sentences and answer the questions.
are they now?, pag,e He's worked there for five years,
?=i* *_itirrs r Does he work there now?
He worked there for five years.
been vetlz int-eresting.
r stariea work with r Does he work there now?
_

serreral .*poru.r1, j;;" She's been in Australia for six months.

with a record co.. .],o';j;', "nJ.*u, .,|n"u ls she there now?
h".. ;";';";:,:T:""' in London' r have been She was in Australia for six months,
, n.,." .-,.* r",ni.."l f,:f il
ffiill"Tiili"?=,1;. ls she there now?
veqa biqr, but has
reen in-trr. o".-"ri.l'"ffi:ffi:.:iew. r have b Complete the rules with the names of the tenses.
Crist.ina Saltorini has gJne
was working in Birminsham f".f. -.;;n;. a" Mexico. She We use tithe to talk about
and f met her at a for ; of years an actionn which starled in the past and
ror a while, -d; ;.#X? :s in the present,
conti nues
She h3s a good job out "y: ffiI: ;j:_TJ;::.. We use tlthe to talk about
remernber what it is.
there. but f cannot an actionn which started and finished in
f hope you can use some of -
the past.
the nexi *";;;;;: this information in
photograph "*;; ,j, i;iE: lli:lfr",. C Look at these two sentences. Translate them,
Yours faithfully -
I have been in the flat since September,
1/ohn Maah We've been married for eight weeks.
John Marsh d Find examples in the letters with for and slnce.
Complete the rule with for and slnce.
27 Ch\|r'ern Gardeno
5al\eburY r We use with a perlod of time,
eA7 1AM r We use with a point in time.
9 AuqueL -
- for for and since in Grammar
Check the rules
Dear Jack, Reference 7.2.
ai.lr'eF\anaeoyou'ree'\llaLOr\nd'\ey'eh?Vlelllhopeyott're
e Complete the phrases with for or slnce.
en)oy\nq lite
qobei? trom me tor vour'where
u:'"n:: 994 then
Tl7"\)lr'?i"r",:,r""aL
'pu,q".
ffoet
-**'' 1

?aao rt etart wib

t;'1 the
.mpo':il ^ ii:?::?::i:,
And who's Nhe luckv
two o'clock two days
qo| marr
'ied"'iee' \t"6 ,O,"
r'rue'
eurVr\ae.|'ve iuaL , _.- ) r,-^ *-At,t in tn\/c w\r,h hin ten years hours
))!ir''*^i,' n,iiiZ'2 *'"i''"1Kent and I m mat'tv,t.n ",u," Yu).lt*'
haven't'heard' ot htm' He worka three minutes Wednesday
i,7';' ;:):;;;-,'^0"' i'*^btv
rYobUlY \n t'he thealre' a long time last week
frZ"il,!"'),,:i,"";i;:;,"butunrortu,nauto':':^':::^^:3:",+;i. my birthday
';"oi:;;,:;r:^;;-,*ii"^o)aaeuunu'',"*1??".::!:1'^::':?,t'^^
whtch wae wond'efiut' e\mpt'1. Write two sentences about yourself, using for
;tr;;;;;;r:"v*'on n oreece'
tor e\qhr weeko now - whal a and since.
wond,edu\' 5o, we've been marr\ed'
,onq Linel
Jackeon have iuel haA the\r
.;
Now aone oLher newe
Zelda and Colin
r'win e' Ch ar\ otL e an d
lh\r d b aby. T h ey'v e c alle d him A'lexan d' er' T h e
untorLunatelv',col\n'e rtrm
haa 5 Write the rnagazine article. Use the
;r'\,; h:;:; i*"1 u"un"d ochool'
of work eince June information chart from 4.
cloa"A do*n, so he's been ouL
73i"i"1it-^;r""ir*"""'^l''"''happenea"?t*"\u:?,",I!,"^t,2 6 You are a forrner student of Brindley College.
li'Z::i;|,;';di;;;b'eenrheret*n?-')o?!,?I!T;i{,ii:
?":*::;,:\;;;^1,;; runn'v Write a letter to the editor with news about
u'.? u:o ehe Lo\d me'rhe
"'*'"0"
"o',pt"Law
yourself and two other former students.
thiiq eLud'\ed
\o, he al1r\ndleY\
maa| cloee now' 1Ye lor now'
Vle\\, I
Love lrom Fiona

?.9. ioPe You lika Lhe P\ccYl

-*=..:*=.:.---:a----s=*=so-N
,;::r,:,':.\,
r.t:.,.Ii 59
7 ln your life

qEEEFtdFS}#t &-. l
sEaslrc€+!l[?J'.tj? r' _ ' -

ilBs'&mm rmffi wmffi mpmmkr*ffi

*.t ;5,a:. qPa ,: lY+e ry'*l
H\li&"#T-B
E 6U*6lriSl
*, d!4&+-*' d

1 Martin works for a travel company. He is meeting a foreign

visitor at the airport.
a Look at the photographs. What queslions do you think he will
ask her?
b took at this list of na.rnes.
London Manchester
lnge Lindstrom the Grosvenor
the Lake District William Wordsworth
the Park the Bombay
Maria Lomas Windsor Castle

c ffi 7.2 Listento the conversations. Tick (/) the names you hear.
d Why is each name mentioned in the conversations?
2 Mark these sentences True (/) or False (X\.
I Martin is at the airport when Inge arrives. tr
2 He has come to the airport by car. tr
3 He offers to carry Inge's suitcase. tr
4 Inge has never been to the north oI England. tr
5 She spent a holiday in London flve years ago. tr
6 Martin waits at the hotel for her. tr
7 Inge has eaten Indian food before. tr
8 Martin has never been to the Bombay before. tr
9 Inge hasn't seen the programme for her visit yet. tr
l0 They're going to the Lake District on Saturday. tr
3 Can you remember what expressions Martin uses to say
these things?
o Was the aeroplane journey alI right?
r I'11 carry the luggage for you.
r Are you hungry?
o Is the hotel room all right?
r Did you like the food?
a Compare your ideas with a partner.
b ffi 7.2 Listen again and check.
4 Work with a partner. Roleplay the conversations between
Martin and Inge, using tapescriptT.2.
5 Imagine a foreign visitor is coming to your town.
a Work with a partner. One oI you is the visitor, one is the host.
The visitor is coming for a conference, but wili have some free
time to see things. He/She is arriving by plane at 7.00 pm.
Decide the following:
Host What arrangements have you made for a hotel/a meal/the
conference/free time? What questions will you ask to make
the visitor feel welcome?
Visitor How do you feel when you arrive? What do you already
know about the town or country? What would you like to do
in your free time? Do you have any questions about your
programme?
Roleplay the conversation.

60
 ln your life 7

Wrwmwmxxwks*m
l\l, ldl; auxiliary verbs
The sounds l0l and l6l
l1l and /6/ are common sounds in English. They are
both made with the tip of the tongue against the top
front teeth.
/0/ is voiceless, as in thin.
/6/ is voiced, as in this.
Circle the words with the /0/ sounds.

sunbathe mouth the bath these

something three weather that father
Thursday tenth brother there with
thousand both tooth throw thirteen

b ffi 7.3 Listen, check and repeat.

2 Auxiliary verbs: strong and weak forms

Some auxiliary verbs (have, can, do) are normally
unstressed and have a reduced vowel sound. These
are called weak forms.
ExauprBs

Have you been to New York? Can you swim?

In short answers the auxiliary verb is stressed with

the full vowel sound. These are called strong forms.
Exampr-rs
lhnvl lkanl
Yes, I have. Yes, I cdn.

Look at the auxiliary verbs in these dialogues. Circle

the auxiliary verbs with the strong forms.
I A Are you going to the cinema?
B Yes, we are.
2 A Can l give you a hand?
B No, it's all right. I can do it.
3 A Do you like this programme?
B Yes, I do.
4 A Has John had lunch?
B Yes, he has.
5 A Were the Johnsons going to the party?
B Yes, they were.
6 A How was your trip?
B It was fine.
7 A Was the meal OI(?
B Yes, it was.
8 A Can you swim?
B Yes, I can.
b ffi z.a Listen and check.
c ffi z.a Listen again and repeat.

61
7 ln your life

ffiw**vzm**m: ffi*w*wmg mm* &xwk*mxmg

1 Discuss these questions. 2 Look at the story and answer the questions.
I Have you ever moved house? I What are the two brothers' names?
2 Have you ever lived in another country? 2 Which brother's life does the text describe?
I If not, wciuld you like to do either of these I What does he think about his life?
things? Why/wh), not? 4 What does he think about his brother's life?
5 What do thc photographs show?

:*.r'. it.

62
 ln your life 7

4 Make true sentences about the brothers, using

,*Ha* H-k * this inforrnation and the present perfect tense.
p {E
.i!. ';'t
I; t H,, :-1, T
fof,;1i-+1,"." ;: L F-*f
d. . [--n-"'
{ I Emilio's life/ change/ a lot
2 Hel visit/ the capital city several times
] Emilio and Pilari be married/ over flft1, years
€--''
*tlio and Maximilian are brothers. The1, 61s 4 Theyl lead/ a pcaceful life
"il--.both ol.1 men nou,. They grew up together on a 5 They/ be/ United States
farm in Argentina, but since then they have lerl 6 Emilioi work/ hard all his life
verlr {iff"."r-tt lives. When Emilio left school at the 7 Emilio and Max/ meet/ a long time
age of fourteen, he started work on their father's 8 Emilio/ read/ about Maximilian in the
farm. He reallv enjoyed the simple village life and newspapers
when their father clied, Emilio took ovel the farm.
9 Max/ do/ a Iot of interesting things
l0 Emilio/ see/ his brother on television
AU his life Emilio has lived in the old farmhouse
u,here he rvas born. 'l've never wanted to live 5 What do you think Max's Iife has been like?
anywhere else,' he says. 'This is my home. I feel a Here are some things that have played a part in his
that I'm part of it and it is part of me.' life. Work in groups and decide Max's lile story.

r[ .. ti,r trver 70 years Emilio's life has changecl prison divorce ship Wall Street
* vely lirrle. Whcn ht w,ls 22. he marrieJ his set
international jet mcjdel travel'
car crash buqinessrnan the Bahamas
childhood sweetheart, Pilar, from the next village,
drug addict television millionaire
and they have been happily married ever since.
Tr,r,o years ago they celebrated their golden ffi 7.5 Listen to the story of Maximilian's lile
wedding anniversary. It lvas a big celebration. and check your ideas.
Everybody from miles around was there, including
Discuss the questions, cornparing the lives of
Emilio and Pilar's six children and their lifteen the two brothers.
grandchiltlren. I How does each brother feel about his life?
2 Which brother do you think has had the
Elmilio and Pilar have never been abroad. Until better life?
f,,,h. *u,60, Emilio went to Buenos Aires once a 3 Which brother do you think is happier?
year, but since his sixtieth birthday he hasn't left 4 Which way of life would you prefer? Why?
the vi11age. 'We11, yes, I've had a good life,' he says,
Imagine an unusual lifestyle. Ilere are some
'but I hayen't dot-re vety much. \clu,, look at my
ideas.
brother, Maximilian. He left the village as socrn as * a lashion model & a tycoon
he had the char.rce. He hasn't visited us very much * an actor/actress e a tramp
in the last twent)r years, but rve've read about hrm * a criminal
in the newspapers and we've seen him on TV, too. Work in a group of four. Each person takes a
Yes, Max has had :r very interesting life.' dilferent role. Imagine your liIe story.
Take it in turns to be interviewed by the group. The
group asks questions to find out as much as possible
about your life.
Read the text and mark the sentences True (/\, Exa,rarlrs
False (X\ or Don't know (?\. How long have you been a ...?
I Emilio has lived in thc' same place all his life. tr Why did yow become a ...?
2 He has become very rlch. tr How much money haw yow made as a ...?
I He is 74 years old. tr Have you ever ...?
4 He met Pilar when he was twenty years old. tr When did you ...?
5 He has been married three times. tr8 Write the story of your life so far, using this
6 Emilio and Pilar have been married for format:
52 years. tr Describe and give some details about
7 They went to Paris for their honeymoon. tr * what yor-r have done and when you did it.
I Maximilian is a farmer. tr a where you have lived and when you lived there.
9 He is younger than Emilio. tr * the mair-r events ln yotrr personal life.
l0 He has heen on television. tr Comment on your life. What has it been like so far?
tl He was at the goiden wedding. tr

63
 8 Food and health
&rereffi&r
{-1..{-:,4,!s-':-,l,i, 9':+i**; ;,:t*=q:{ iii,+*+l:ri,:l"t"gg";i,:-:.;..

Grammar in use Rules

1 Look at the text. I t-ook at the two groups of words.

O Answer the questions. ? Answer the questions.
I What is it about? t Which can we make plural?
2 What is the purpose oI the diet? 2 Which can we use d or an wtth?
3 Who is it for?
4 Why is it called the Pyramid diet? nouns n.0u11s

b nead the text and complete the diagram.

potato apple vitamin bread pasta calcium
2 Discuss these questions.
I ls the Pyramid dict sensible?
2 Is it appropriate Ior everyone? b Write the words uncountable and countable at the top
I Would it provide an interesting diet? of the correct columns.
C Find more examples oI both types of noun in the text.
s" Check the rules lor countable and uncountable
Yffiffi PYHq&ffiffiffi nouns in Grammar Reference 8.1.

FOOD TYPES:

+r/ -- --7

2,/

.., carbohydrates fibre and ?nergy

We've had lhem all the High Fibre
diet, the Protein diet. the Hip and
Thigh diet. And here's lhe latest - the
Pyramid diet But this jsn't a diet to
help people lose weight. lt's a diet for
a healthy life The Pyramid diet is very
simple. Different l(inds of food are at
different levels of the pyramjd The
higher up the pyramid. the less you
should eat. At the bottom of the
pyramid are complex carbohydrates
like bread, pasta and potatoes. These
provide fibrre and energy About 500/o
of your dret should be complex
carbohydrates. At the second level are
fruit and vegetables, such as apples
and carrots. These should be about
30a/o of your diet. They provide
vitamins and minerals as well as fibre.
Above fruit and vegetables are the
protejn-rich foods like meat, fish.
beans and cheese. These also provide
a lot of calcium. These prolein-rich
foods should be about 1Ba/a of Yaur
diet At the top of the pyramid are fat,
oil and sugar. We should eat as iittle
as possible of things at this level.

64
 Food and health 8

@,.,,..t'
2 When do we tuse some? When do we use any?
a ffil S.l Read and listen to this dialogue. Make a rule for
Vocabr"*lary
using some and any. Food and drink
A Have you got any money for the parking machine?
B No, I'm sorry. I hdven't got any cash on me at all. Look at these different kinds of
A Oh, it's O[{. I can get some change at the shop over there. food and.drink.
ffil s.z Now read and listen to these dialogues. a Put C (countable) or U (uncountable)
beside each one.
A Are there any dpples? Where does each one go on the
B Yes, but they aren't ttery good. Shall we get some ordnges instead? pyramid?
A Would you Like some coffee? l've just made some.
B Oh yes, pLease. Could I have some sugar in it, please? Thanks. tomatoes yoghurt
ice,cream butter
Find examples of some and any. Are there any that don't follow
your rule lor ?? e99S grapes
d Complete the rule. riuts' , biscuits,
rrce, pqpper9
We normally use for positive statements and _ for chocolate prawns
negative statements and questions. But when a question is an ..margarine ' . wine
offer, suggestion or request, we usually use , not . cucumbers lemonade
breakfast cereal chieken
- - ,oranges . ..bananas
s.almon i , pork
Practice cod peas

1 Look at this list of words.

'aream tuna
saus-ages beef
meat :tornato
moneyenvelope',paint.,].penciI ham apples
teq paper apples, ,information ,, neWs ' ,equipment noodles milk
sweets cakes
a Which of these things are uncountable in English?
Can you think of any more types of
b Is this the same in your own language?
food to add to the pyramid?
z Complete these sentences with some or any.
I Can I have _ more milk, please? 2 What do you eat in a typical day?
2 Has Jane got _ brothers or sisters? a Make a list of what you eat and in
f I haven't got _ work to do. what quantities.
4 Is there _ news about the new project? Compare your list to the pyramid.
5 I've got _ news lor you. What differences are there?
6 There isn't _ information on the computer about this
7 Would you like _ help?
8 Could you get me _ stamps, please?
9 We went out with _ friends last night.
l0 Is there _ wine left?
3 tvtake dialogues like this, using the words in 1.
A I need some ...
B How much/many do you need?
A Oh, only a little/few.

4 You have invited two friends to dinner tonight.

O Work with a partner and plan a healthy three-course meal.
b Compare your dinner with other students in the class. Whose
dinner is the healthiest?

W
 8 Food and health

"

Reading
Y&r* ffi69 fu€ea"=
Look at the photographs and the article. 3 tvtark these sentences True (/1, False (Xl or Don't
Answer these questions. know (?).
I Who is the man? I Walter has lost over 400 kilos in ten months. tr
2 Where does he live? 2 His waist measurement is I l9 inches. tr
3 What is his problem? 3 He used to eat a big breakfast, but he didn't
4 What is he doing about it? usualiy eat lunch. tr
5 Is he successful? 4 Walter used to spend almost the whole day
6 How does he want to help other people? in bed. tr
2 5 Walter began his diet ten months ago. T
6 He only eats one meal a day now. tr
7 Walter is two metres ta1l. u
8 He still watches TV most of the day. tr
9 There are a lot of adverts for food on TV. tr

The
Walter Hudson is big. ln fact
he's enormous. He weighs over
ffiffiffi%
Walter's secret world finally hit the
headlines ten months ago. He fell
250 kilos. And yet Walter is on a over on his way back from the
diet. He's losing weight at an bathroom and became stuck in the
incredible nine kilos a week. He doorway. lt took eight police officers
used to weigh over 530 kilos. and firemen to free him.
That's more than half a ton, and
But that incident changed his life.
it's heavier than a car or a
While he was lying on the floor
young elephant. At his
he decided that enough was enough.
maximum size Walter's waist
The next day he started his diet. He
was 119 inches. His neck vvas as
didn't just cut down on food, he
thick as a woman's waist. His
stopped eating completely.
biceps were as big as an
average man's chest.
His diet was just as impressive.
He used to eat enough to feed
three families. For breakfast he
ate two pounds of sausages,
two pounds of bacon, twelve Before:
eggs, a pound of biscuits, six Walter at
Danish pastries, a pot of coffee 630 kilos
and four pints of orange juice.
Lunch and dinner were even
bigger. Then there were the
snacks between meals. During
the morning he ate twelve
doughnuts.
Each afternoon he ate ten large
packets of crisps and in the
evening a couple of
family-sized pizzas. On
top of all that he'
drank 96 cans of soft
drinks. That was one
day's food and
walter ate that
Walter
much every day. €#:
**.*#4
*.#/
 Food and health 8

E:i?1e::.ll:,:.r. .:;:r:=ir:?€
ii
-::, ::

4 Discuss these questions. Vocabulary file: Quantities

I How do you feel about Walter's To give quantities of uncountable nouns we use a countable
slory? Do you feel sorrl, for him?
expression of quantity.
2 What other kinds of eating
disorders or addictions do you a Match the expressions to the pictures.
know of?
a piece of paper two bottles of water a tube of glue
I What do you think ol people with
a bag of flour two cartons of milk a loaf of bread
eating problerns?
a packet of tea a bar of chocolate two pounds/
Use these cxpressions to help you:
a can of Coke a jar of marmalade a kilo of beef
It's/It isn't their own fault.
It's because they're weak/greedy/
stupid/unhappy/ill.
We should/n't try to help them.
They need medical attention/
un d er s ta n ding / a dvice / p
It's the parents' /television's/society's
fault.
uni shm en t.

g,o,sffDa
^Ed$5"m,Qffi
b Find all the words in the text that describe size, quantity or
,t weight and complete the table.

i:r

?t

,,
,
9a:
,a ;:.
#e.a,:,
ti
3' ;:

'i.
,, Language focus: used to
After: Walter at 250 kilos ,.,,. a Look at these sentences. What does used to mean?
*:.
Walter used to weigh over 630 kilos, but now he weighs 25O kilos,
Every morning now he drinks a x He used to eat enough for a family, but now he doesn't eot anything,
cocktail of vitamins in a pint of
He didn't use to take any exercise, but now he exercises every day.
orange juice, and during the day &.

he drinks a lot of water. And a b How do you think we make questions with used fo?
that's it. He also takes more *t :" Check the rules for used to in Grammar Reference 8.2.
exercise now. He still has a long
way to go, because he wants to ,
*.,:'
C What did Walter's life use to be like? Write sentences using this
get down to 85 kilos. That's the ,: information and used to.
right weight for someone of his e
weigh 1 19 inches go outside drink
height. ,,: eat watch TV stay in bed neck
'Food,' says Walter. 'is an *.

addiction. lt's worse than drugs d nsf other students about their life when they were children
or alcohol. You can just stop
9::
Use this information and Did you use to ...?
taking them. But you need food. , a have a favourite toy c read a lot
And it's everywhere.' Walter t1 c Where/ go on holiday r What school subjects/ like best
doesn't watch television any , o have a pet . argue with your parents
more, because too many of the r Where/ live r Who/ play with
adverts are about food. He hopes 1 o What games/ play e like school
that his example will help other
overweight people, especial ly
children. He encourages mothers
e Write down six things that used to be true about your life. Tell
a partner about them and answer your partner's questions.
to put photos of him on the
il fridge door. ' I want parents to ii
EI #:,*;;: i':::i*:{
:: say to their kids, "Do you want
to look that big? lf you keep
=
putting your hands in the fridge,
then that's how you'll look. 67
That's what Walter did."'

I
8 Food and health

i}il.iri|i!r.l.:iiil'iii.l]ll:il.:..i!l!lli:..l,:'...'lll:ll.,:.l:

0,.+""""" :

1 You will hear conversations in a restaurant.

a ffil a.; Listen and tick (/)what they order.
pl:r+:-fl*rS E an aperitil E wine
Eastarter Ed"tt".t
tou1 of the da7 E salad E coffee/tea
welot and Tarma han
E a main course E brandy
fruit juiee
lrawfl cocktoil ffi s..3 Look at the menu and listen again. What
#urT ril did the people eat? Tick (/) each person's complete
r:.:
order. What did they have to drink?
grillel tront with alnonlr
halibut with crcan dfil tarro!ofl toue
fillet tteak
lamb cholt with wint tqau
tannofl with TirleolTle
(all lerted with a green talal or

freth wgetablet, and French friet or jacket lotato)

ffsri*?'l;
telectior. of fruh gstesut anl lettertt
iu tean or torbet

freth fruit talal

cheete anl bircuitt

rl.; L
H ; i:ii

',,,:s
!:. ri+
liit :1

hlol

68
 Food and health 8

x'' t.
mrt ' t::?Ix* i:a
,t @
rc a@

Conversation pieces: Ordering a meal 8*6.#ffi *-&ffiffin&ff$#ffi

What do the customers say to
o ask for a table/ the billi a receipt?
Silent lettersl sentence stress
r order more water?
r refuse desserl? 1 Silent letters
r ask about the meal? a Some of the words in this list have a silent letter.
b What expressions do they use to say these things? Circle the silent letters.
Do you want a drink?
l'll have o mineral woter, calm walk bald thumb bomb lamb
Do you wont to order now? wrong write white knee knife know
I'd like the soup, pleose, yoghurt spaghetti halibut hotel hour
l'll have the soup and then the lamb chops. honest kept receiPt accePt salmon
C Look at tapescript 8.3 and check your answers

' ' - l**:x&

b ffi s.a Listen, check and repeat.
2 Sentence stress
2 Work in groups of three. Roleplay the English is a stress-timed language. Unstressed
conversation, using tapescript 8.3. syllables are made longer or shorter to flt between
3 Make more conversations in a restaurant. the main stresses in a sentence.
a Work in groups of three. One student is the ffil A.l Listen to this sentence.
waiter/waitress, two students are the customers.
O o oO o . . O o a
Make conversations using the menu.
When am I seeing you for lwnch next week?
b Work with a partner. Take it in turns to be the
waiter/waitress and the customer. In this sentence there are four main stresses. The
Make conversations for these situations: interval between each stress is the same. But how
r The soup is cold. many syllables are there between
r You can't decide what to have.
r The bill is too much.
. slresses I and 2l
r The waiter brings the wrong order.
. stresses 2 and 3l
r The waiter doesn't speak very good English. . sl resses 3 and 4?
r You order some drinks but the waiter forgets
a.r
b ffi Listen to these diaiogues.
to bring them.
I A Do you like these trousers?
B Yes, I do.
2 A Where's my pen?
B It's on the desk.
3 A What's the time?
B It's quarter to eleven.
4 A When's the meeting?
B I'll give you a ring.
c Each sentence has two main stresses. Mark them'
d ffi a.f Listen again and check your ideas.
e ffi s.r Listen again and repeat.

'What year's the mineral water?'

8 Food and health

+:..!;ti:i'.,1+.:1.iti:::,:i i.::'i:i-.+,:;:,,.- .::','=:::,

Kx*erxs&mrx: K*adXrxg aa'xd X6s&em*rxg

-:1i'q.,];r :i t: I:ir.! r
1 ;

I Look at the questionnaire. b Complete the questionnaire.

c Compare answers with your partner. What
a Read the introduction and answer the questions'
differences are there?
I What is the questionnaire about?
2 What things dePend on luck? d What elfect do you think your answers will have on
] What is the questionnaire based on? your life expectancy?

How lorm"g, could Yotl live?

l\hat is your life expectancy? A lot depends on Do you live alone?
luck - whether you have an accident and who
vour grandparents are. But you can also control Do you live with a partner (husbandA^/ife,
some things in your lifestyle. So how long could b oyfriend/girlfriend) ?
you live? This questionnaire is based on life
insurance tests.
Do you or will you have a universitY
Write your answers in the sPaces.
Scor:e

8 Do you or will you have a postgtaduate

1 Are you male or female? clegree or a similar Professional
T qualification?
2 How old are You? tr
r=l
Do you live in an urban area with a tr
population of more than 2 million people?

Do you live in a rural area with less than

10.000 inhabitants?

10 How often do you jog, swim, play a sport or

take similar exercise?

1'l Do you usually sleep for more than 10

hours a day?
 Food and health 8

2 You will hear how to calculate your life 3 Complete the table with the information
expectancy. about your life expectancY.
ffi s.z Listen and write down what you must
the things that increase the things that reduce
add or subtract in the boxes on the right-hand side
my life expectancy my life expectancy
ExAMPLE
I don't smoke. I'm male.
Add4 +4
Subtract 3 - 3

b ffi a.z Listen again and check your scores.

c Caiculate your life expectancy.

4 Find words or expressions with the same

meaning frorn the questionnaire or tapescript.
I He loses his temper easily.
2 Too much wine and beer is bad for you.
1 I've got a job where I sit down most of the time.
4 Swbtract 2 years if you're not happy.
Doctors say ihat if you get matried, don'i smoke, don'l 5 You'II live ionger if you're a person who doesn't
drink, don'i eai loo much, don't stay up late and don't smoke, brt not if you live with someone
drive a fast car, you urill liue longer. But this isn'f who smokes.
true. You don't really Iive longer. lt just seems like it. 6 Do you live alone?
7 You live longer if you're 6 woman than if
'1,2 Are you happy? yodre a man.
LILe in wrban areas is less healthy than life in
rural areas.
13 Are you generally relaxed or do you lose 9 If you're overweight, you're more likely to swffer
your temper easiJy? from heart disease.
lo Long life is hereditary.
11 This town has a population of 10,000 people.
't4 How many cigarettes (if any) do you smoke
t2 How well do you know your husband or
a day? boyfriend?

5 Discuss these questions with other members of

1,5 How much alcohol {if any) do you drink the class.
a day? I Do you agree with the calculations?
2 '[that aspects of your lifestyle put you at risk?
3 What can you do to reduce the risks?
4 Do you want to keep your lifestyle even if it
increases the risks?

17 How old are your grandparents,:o.r how old Use these expressions:
were they when they died? Ac,ording to the tape ...
The tape says that ...
I (don't) agree with this, because ...
18 Does anyone in your family suffer frorn I think thctt ... is(n't) good for you.
heart disease? I will increase my life expectanry if I ...
t stop smoking
c lose weight

Total life expectancy:

. move to the country
o take more exercise
o drink less
. try to be more relaxed
; get married
 9 Possibilities
--:. .- . .

&rmrcm&r
vw*asd#; s*m*md c*cre#&***erem*

Grammar in use 1 Grammar in use 2

1 Look at the speech bubbles. Are the people talking about a I what is the questionnaire about?
real or an imaginary situation? 2 Answer the questions.

/\-------.--_.
I wouldn't get up
( tiIl midday. ,/

I would tell my boss that

2 Do you agree with any of the ideasT

Rules
1 fhe verbs in the dialogues above are in the conditional verb form. gr,*s*,s+r*ffi8ffi?trtr
O Find these forms:
r a positive statement (long form) Try our quiz.
r a positive statement (short forrn) Choose one answer for
. a negative statement each question.
t a question
b What do you think the long form of the negative is?
F Check the rules for would in Grammar Reference 9.I. 1 lf you found some money,
what would you do?
Practice a l'd keep it.
1 rhink about your ideal day. Would you do these things?
b t'd take it to a Police
station.
Tell your partner.
c l'd give it to charitY.
Exaltprr
I'd/wouldn't get up early.
m*:ffiffiffi
tt:lsii:aal::##Ery-1trffi *a::!;ffi

get up early : have a partY 9o to work walch TV stay in bed 2 lf somebody tried to sell You
visit friends go to the theatre spend time with your family a video recorder cheaPlY,
and you thought it was
2 What other things would/wouldn't you do? Talk about them with stolen, would you
your partner and the class. a refuse to buy it? *;*
isB
b buy it if you wanted it?
c inform the police? m
'' i'.1

ii
72
ffiffi

Rules
1 rtre questionnaire uses the second
conditional.
a Complete this sentence lrom the
questionnaire.
If you money, what
vou do?
What form of the verb is used
o in the f clause?
-some
o in the main clause?
2 When do we use the second
conditional?
I ool' at there seniences.
If they offer me the job, I'll
If someone offe red me a job, I'd take it.
Which sentence is taiking about:
c a real situation?
* an imaginary situation?
b Which tenses are used?
h, Check the rules for the second
conditional in Grammar Reference
9.2.
3 lf you saw your friend trying
to steal something from
shop, would you
a do nothing?
ffi b tellyour friend to put
i;&Lil it back?
-;:;::,ii c tell a shop assistant?
ffii:;
money.
b I'd drive the car anyway.
c I wouldn't drive it except
in an emergency.
;":' iiiii;ffi':;*^; :'i
;r ,;itts#j iJ*til," ;
lf a shop assistant gave you
too much change, what
would you do?
a l'd say nothing and take
the money.
l'd tell the shop assrtant
if I thought that helshe
would get into trouble.
I'd give it back to the
shop assistant.
Possibilities 9
Practice
1 Cornpare your answers to the questionnaire with a partner.
Exa.mpr-E
A What would you do if you found some money?
B rd...
A So would I./I wouldn't. I'd ...
2 How would a psychologist analyse your answers?
a Discuss your ideas with your partner.
b lffi s.l
Listen to a psychoiogist analysing the possible
questionnaire results and check your answers. Were you right?
The psychologist says, 'For most people, a lot would depend on
the circumstances.' Look again at your answers. In what
circumstances would you give a different answer?
tdke it. 3 What is the first thing that you would do in these
imaginary situations?
ExAMPLE
If I was ruler of the world, I'd ban nuclear wedpons.
o You are ruler of the world.
o Your house catches fire.
a You see a car crash.
c You win the national lottery.
a YoLr become head of your country.
* You are the boss of your companyicollege/school.
o You're in a bank when a robbery happens.
4 Think of three more hypothetical situations. Ask students
in the class what they would do.
a
5 Match a clause in A and a clause in B.
If I found a credit card. I'11 be very happy.
I'll play the guitar if I see him.
If it's sunny tomorrow, I wouidn't use it.
I'll tell him your news if you sing.
I'd go round the world she'd be very happy.
If Sarah got the iob, if I was rlch.
6 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
I If I found f 1,000,
2 I'd be very sad.
) If it rains this weekend,
4 If you study hard
5 if you don't hurry.
- 6 if T was Prime Minister
,i'
7 Write a questionnaire.
a Work in grolrps. Think o{ another topic for a questionnaire.
Here are some ideas.
o How sensitive are you?
o How hot-tempered are you?
o How optimisticipessimistic are you?
b Write some questions and work out the questionnaire results.
c Try out your questionnaire on another group.
73
9 Possibillties

Wmcabw&mry ffiemd&rxg
Crime W*w$d y*u ge€ Errew*$ared?
1 Look at this list of crimes. I Look at the title. What do you think the text is about?
CL Use a dictionary to helP You. Which a Read the flrst paragraph. What advice would you expect the
are police to give?
a crimes against people? b Read the rest of the text and answer the questions'
o crimes against property? I What happened to each of these people?
o Dave Johnson
'rnurder"' assault" irobbgry.''''". r Pauline Castle
theft , .:shgpliftino: I 'blaekmait.',r: .'' o James Bulger
,,'kidnappjng.:,,\gv,$lp1v1j:;::..;ttrrndaltsm-,-r r ICtty Genovese
o Dave Greenwood
b Write the crimes in the first column in
the table.
2 What do the police advise?

Use a dictionary. Find the words for 2 Read the text again.
the next two columns. a Find three reasons why people do not get involved.
criminal action
b Which case illustrates each of the reasons?
cnme
c Discuss these questions.
murder murderer to murder I What do you think about each of the cases?
ossault attacker/ to ottackl 2 Wlnat would you do in each of these cases?
mugger to mug I What do you think of the police advice?
3 Work in groups to discuss these questions. Then compare
your answers with the class.
1 Would you get invoived if
. a car was on fire and there were people lnside?
. two people were assaulting someone?
. a thief grabbed someone's bag?
. two young men were breaking into a car?
2 Would lt make any difference if the victim was
r a member of your family?
o a neighbour?
o a colleague?
. a stranger?
o a child?
o a woman?
Which crimes would you associate o a man?
these words with? 3 Have you ever witnessed a crime or a dangerous incident?
What did you do?
Shootr :rfurga(::i6f6:.1',:r::.thf, It
:.: i h'r' ,..,rt,,OUn,, 4 Have you had an experience that made you think: 'I wouldl't
money ,::.knife,.
do it again'? What haPPened?
g,iab,i.
4 Here is an incident that happened to Peter Morris.
a Describe what happened. using the information'
b Add an ending and say how the experience changed Peter's
attitude. What would he do next time?
Peter Morris/ drive along road
lonely road/ evening
car/ stopped by side of the road
woman/ looking at engine
Peter/ stop to help
man/ appear from car/ point gun at Peter
steal wallet/ take Peter's car/ drive away

74
 Possibilities 9

Woutd you ge-tg-#C? H

$la nt
*g:rt qll
w::l:"HlJi;::i,*'
intervene?
iii
ye$tei
assault? Would You
wa& al
lf your neighbour's house was
on firen would You try to rescue
f.he tl
the PeoPle inside? What would the Pe :

you do if someone needed Your

tretp in a dangerous situation?
; *ari
Would You get involved?
Iilli{-1i
i

r)1V ii
lVe s1
Di::';:ilil; :iltin1,
the
home one night P
n1Y{}
when he saw a
ra the
house on fire.
met]i
Someone inside was
mosl
shouting for helP. 'l
rc,
couldn't just stand
a

there and do ArY'

nothing,' saYs Dave' 'l broke
I an1

down the door and went in' lt 1he

was extremely hot and there ;1S5IS

was smoke ever)ryvhere' But I v/as

got the old man out' Two tl]e

{am
minutes later the whole house
was in flames. Yes, l'd do the
allal i

The
same thing again''
r:al1
We
r1_v

l':w
irlt{
B ::1il'"4: x'J:"'.::l':''* fnr
intervened to help a
neighbour
the
when she heard a noise in
street. Pauline exPlains what
hapPened' 'Two $rls were
throwing stones at my
at them' But then they came
neighbour's house' I shouted
me' I was shocked and
over to my house and threatened
only about thirteen years old'
I

really frightened. They were week

it' fact last ln
ln
*"r''d.'id" it again' l'cl just ignore shop in.the next 1964, a man stabbed Kitty Genovese
I

ln New York in
an emptv people heard Kittv's
;;;;;*" bovslrandalizing lnurloun*unt. More than twenty all thought that
helped her' Thev
Street,butldidn,tooanytning'ljustcrossed-thestreet.
worth it''
;;;; but nobodv
Nobodv helped Kittv
*", i *"r'0.', get involved again' lt's not ;;;;; else would call the police'
Dave Greenwood tried
;;;." and she died' But when
a pub in Wales one night'
to help a young woman outside kiiled him'
attackers
P3i;::;:Ji;:il::ilx?5:iiil:litl3";il,Til','", n" O*.r*" the victim' The woman's
young children'
areafraidthattheywouldlooksillyiftheywerewrong,ln
murdered He left a widow and two
twelve-year-old boys
a farnous case in 1993 two
a hundred witnesses pollce say: 'Don't
, fint" noy called James Bulger' Overthe murdel, The boys
It is because of cases like this that the police or the fire
,u*-.,urn". with the two boyi before
I il;;;. ;iar ggs and leave it to the
the witnesses someone was
*"t* Ortn'.C him and hitting him' But allso thev did not do
;;;;" ' But in the heat of the moment' if
;;eililile was with his brothers' in irouble, what wouid You do?
anYthing'

75
9 Possibilitles

i i:. i'l.,'. il,,rit,:.,',t: r",

k*s*ere&mffi emd speekiruffi

l" '*":
:,
1 Look at the photograph. A guest is checking a What words and expressions would you hear?
into a hotel. Imagine the conversation with b What would they say to each other?
the receptionist. c ffi s.z Listen an<l check your ideas.

2 Look at the conversation. Receptionist And how do you want to settle

the
a Work with a partner and complete the conversation
with these words. Guest By _ , if that's all right.
Receptionist Yes, of course. Could I just take an
wake-up call number suitcase sign imprint of the card. sir?
registreition singte lift name nights bill key -?
Guest Yes, here you are.
reservation luggage credit card st4y minut€
Receptionist Thank you. And will you require a
newspaper and a _ in the morning?
Receptionist Good evening, sir.
Guest Yes, I'd like Tlte Times and a ca]lr al 7 .30,
Guest Good evening. Do you have a
please.
in the _ of Jones, piease?
Receptionist 7.30. Very good, sir. Here's your
Receptionist Just a sir. Yes, here we
. Your room is 429. The
are. Mr AIan Jones. Would vou 1il<e a
is over there. Do you need any help
room or a double, Mr Jones?
with your
Guest I'd prefer a doubie, if you've got one. Guest
-, No, thank you. I've only got a srnall
Receptionist And how nrany arc you
staying?
Receptionist We1l, enjoy your
Guest Three. -?
Guest Thank you.
Receptionist Fine. We1l, could you just flll in the
form and it at the b ffi g.z Listen and check your answers.
bottom, please? 3 Work with a partner. Roleplay the conversation.
Guest Yes, certainly.

76
 Possibilities 9

ii!t:r.l:"rl.:l:'':''''-
ffir;,,, @
,,1 Conversation pieces: ryfl#ETEJffi#AffiHB#ffi
Polite requests
a Look at these expressions.
*ou-; ernphatic stress
Could you (ust) ...?
Could I (ust) .,.? The vowels -ou-
-/ust makes the request sound The vowels -ou- cat:rbe pronounced in many different ways'
more polite. Look at this list o{ words. Put them into the correct column'
These expressions are usuallY
followed by pleose, encourage flour thought pound our enough bought
Find the expressions in the couple trouble double fought would voucher country
conversation, How do the PeoPle out you should round could house your through
respond to the requests?
lc:/ lal /u:/ laal
Work with a partner. Take it in turns
to make the following requests and
respond.
ExnMprr

Could you just sign the form ot the ffi s.: Listen, check and repeat.
bottom, please?
Yes, ceftoinly.
2 Emphatic stress
Ask someone to When we want to emphasize certain information in a sentence'
r sign the form at the bottom. we stress that Part.
* excuse you, while you make a
a ffi S.a Listen to this sentence. The stress can go on three
telephone call.
diflerent parts.
. get your suitcases from Your car.
r see if there are any messages for t2)
you. We need to be at the meeting at three o'clock.
. put your bag in the room. The different stresses change the meaning.
* send a fax for you. Match the meanings below to the sftess points I, 2, and 1'
Ask if you can E rn" meeting is at three, not four.
o borrow a pen.
E yo, and I have to be there at three, but the others don't'
* see someone's passport.
s E W. need to be at the meeting at three, so we must arrive at
check the bill.
the buiiding earlier.
r make a phone call.
. leave your bags there. ffi S.S Listen to the flrst part of these sentences' Mark the
r cancel your wake-up call. main stress.
d Look at your requests. Who would d Choose the correct ending for each sentence.
make them, guest or recePtionist?
I live at number I I Johnson Road,1 not my brother'
,:,
I
e I not number 12.
.: i.i,iix*ffi
I not Johnson Close.
4 Work with a partner' Take it in 2 A-lison used to be a singer,l not a piano player'
turns to be the guest and the I bur .he isn't now.
receptionist. Make new I not Jane.
conversations with this 3 The news is on Channel I now,1 not later'
information. I not DaLlas.
o single room/ one night/ voucher/
I not Channel I'
Herald Tribunel 6.451 one suitcase 4 It'tl be sunny tomorrow afternoon,; not rainy'
morning'
in the car I not tomorrow
I not rhis a[ternoon.
o double room/ a week/ send bill to
company/ no newspaperl 7.151 5 Your books are on the table,l not in the cuphoard'
two suitcases I not Your Pen.
I not mine.
e ffi s.r Listen to the sentences and check your answers
f ffi 9.6 Listen again and repeat.

77
9 Possibilities
ffix&wrxs&mxre: ffiead&mg
I Look at the pictures.
? What do you think the article is about?
b What is happening in each picture?
C Put the pictures in the correct order.
d Read the article and check your order.
Gmart
Dnoppins
fhopping at the suPermarl(et
J."., be a reat cnore. Ano
what do shoppers hate most
about it? - queues at the
checkout. But they wouldn't
need to queue if supermarkets
used the latest idea in shoPPing.
This idea is [he sm.rrt )Lo"e'. The
L.or, store would lepl.rce
checkout assistants with computer
technology, and queues at the
checkouts would dtsappear. How
7a
amd &&s€crre&mg
2 Discuss these questions.
I Would you like to shop in a smart store?
2 What do you think the advantages and
disadvantages of the smart store would be
. for the stores?
. for the stafi?
. for the cllstomers?
6
t
&
3 You will hear someone talking about the
advantages and disadvantages of smart stores.
a ffi s.z Listen and note down the points.
%
b Compare them to your own ideas.
wouid the smart store work? When pen into the console and the
you entered the smart supermarket, computer in the console would show
you d collect a small elecLronic pen the total cost To PaY, You'd Pass a
from an assistant Then You'd go credit card through a siot on the
round the store as you normallY do console Then you'd put your hand
and take things from the shelves. or finger on a scanner. This would
You'd run the pen over the bar code idenilry you. so you couldn't use
on the goods beforeyou put them in someone else's credit card. You'd
your trolley, and the pen would teave rhe shop through a secu"ily
record your purchases. At the arch like the ones at arrports. If you
checkout, you wouldn't meet a didn't scan everythinq in your trolley,
checkout assistant, rnstead yc'u'd find an alarm woutd ring. tr
a checkout console. You'd put the
 Possibilities 9

't ;'i ,i rr' 'i: t:' '

4 Here is another idea for smart shopping. '
gmarl ehoPPing from home
a Look at the information and the pictures. How
would it work? at'
Many peoPle d'on't \ike ehoPPlnq
need t'o 4o lo
Exemprr uuprr^ur:k"1", bu+' you woulAn'N
f'he laf'eeL \dea \n
You wauld run the pen over the bar codes on the goods in th,e eu?ermarkeL if you trced
the cupboard or fridge. even leave yaur o\'\tn
home ahopp\ny,You vtouldn'tr
b What do you think the advantages and home. Aow woald' it' work?
disadvantages of it would be? Y an elec|ronic pen lrom yottr
ou' d, need'

Continue the description of smart shopping from eupermarkeT, Y ou'd' qo Na

your cupboard or
home, using this format: and you'd run lhe pen over Nhe bar cod'es
tr\dqe
. Introdllction lhinye lhat you wanLed' No buy'
Ihe pen
on r,he
r How would it work? would, record' v,thaL you wanr'ed'
then you'd' qo l'o
r What would be the advantages? your NelePhone, Y ou' d" "
r What would be the disadvantages?

pen/ bar codes/ cupboard or fridge 2 pen/ console on telephone dial/ store number
pen/ recordl what you want

telephone/ send/ order/ store store/ deliverl order

79
lOActivities
...,-,

{ri"&3Y}fmAf
#ilffE$s r#
Grammar in use Rules

1 Discuss these questions. 1 took at the cartoon again.

I Do yor-r ever make New Year's resolutions? a Find these forrns o[ goitrg ro:
2 Do you keep them? c a positive sentence
I What do you think are the most common resolutions? * a negative sentence
4 Why do people make resolutions and then not keep them? . a question
2 Look at the cartoon. b How do we make these forms?
a Read the story and decide lvhat the New Year's Resolution is
going to be.
b Compare your ideas with the class.
c ffil to.r Listen to the story and check.

ao
 Activities 1O

2 when do we luse going fo to talk about the future? 2 The rest of your life starts here!
a Look at these sentences from the story. Say which future form is a Make three resolutions to imProve
used and why. your life or to fuIfll your ambitions.
Mike This year, I{aren, l'm going to give up smoking. b Work with a partner. Teli Your
I{aren You won't give uP smoking. partner about your resolutions and
John I'll give up, too. answer any questions that Your
partner asks.
b Use the sentences to complete the examples for the rules'
Change partners. Tell your new
We use wil/ partner about your first Partner's
o to make predictions or talk about the future in general. resolutions.

Exerrprr 3 Choose the correct future forrn for

each sentence.
r when we decide to do something at the moment of I A John ar'd I are going to / will
spe aking. get married.
Exlrvrpr-n B Oh that's great news!
2 A I can't flnd my walletl
B I'm going to / I'll helP You look
We use going to for it.
r to talk about something that we have already decided to do- I A Shali we go out for a meal
Exanrprr this evening?
B Yes, Ol( I'm going to / I'll
phone and book a tabie.
C Find one more example of each use in the story. 4 Can you record that Programme
for me? I'm going to / l'llhave
a bath.
5 A It's my birthday on SaturdaY.
B Are you going to / Will You
Practice have a party?
I What are this family's resolutions? 6 A I'm going to get a cup of coffee.
B Good idea. I'm going to / I'll
a Make sentences with going to and this information get one, too.
:--
_L 7 A Here's that report.
B Oh, thanks. I'm going to / l'll
read it this evening.
Exannprrs 8 If you see a black cat, You're
My husband's going to go on d diet. going to / you'll have good iuck.
He isn't going to drink so much beer. 4 Go round the class. Find out
about people's plans for
e after the class.
o this evening.
. tomorrow.
r the weekend.
. next TuesdaY.
e the summer.
take / exercise My son / have / haircut r their next holiday.
work / hard He/watch/TV
ExannprE
Wltat are you going to do ... ?

lf you already have plans saY:

['m/We're going to ...

lf you are not sure, say:

Perhaps I/We'll ...
My daughter I ltdy I bedroom We / be nicer to each other
or I don't know. I/We'll probablY ...
She / talk / phone lor hours We / argue with each other

b ffil ro.z Listen and check.

8'l
1O Activities

*x.ttii,'l :,'::t::..:'' :. :::,

AP B H

WffiffiffiffiM8ffiflW
s
ffimmd*mffi
ffimrumds; mc&Ew6tses

1 Look at this list of activities. which do you like doing? Look at the picture and the
headline of the article.
playing football having a shower sitting writing jogging
What do you think the article is
sunbathing digging the garden cycling shopping skating about?
skipping sleeping shaving knitting getting dressed
swimming doing housework dancing driving washing up b The lirst paragraph mentions f,349
and 7I hours. What do you think
these numbers represent?
2 rhe words in 1 are all gerunds.
c Look at the text and check your ideas.
? A gerund is the -ing Iorm of a verb. How do we make the gerunds
of these verbs? d Lool< at the chart. Find the job titles
Ior these activities.
play sleep cycle shave skip knit
washing up preparing meals
b A gerund is a noun. We use it as the sr-rbject or object of a washing clothes sewing
sentence, and following a preposition. What types oI gerund are looking after children
in these sentences?
I like swimming.
2 Read the text. Mark these
She's very good at swimming. sentences True (/), False (X), or
Swimming Don't know Q).
is good for you.
3 Look at the chart. What does it show? I The average housewile works
nearly7l hours a week. tr
a [Hl ro.: Listen to some information about the activities above. 2 Seventy per cent of the
b put the activities above in the correct category. working population earn
How many calories can you burn in one hour?
€i8,000 a year. tr
I Train drivers earn the same as

Type of activity Calories Examples prison offlcerr. E

4 Teachers earn about f,24,000
rest 60 reading, a year. tr
5 Looking after children takes
very light activities 75 eoting. up most time. tr
6 Wives with jobs spend more
light activities 100 ploying the piano, time on housework than on
their jobs. tr
moderate activities 100 200 walking,
7 The average mother with a
child under one works 95
hours a week. tr
energetic activities 200 400 horse riding. 8 I(aren Tudor-Williams thinks
that the government shouid
strenuous activities 400 600 climbing stoirs, pay women wages. tr
9 Her husband helps with a 1ot
of the housework. tr
c m lo.3 Listen again and check your answers. l0 Anne Neale thinks that
husbands' employers should
4 Look at these activities. pay housewives. tr
O Which category do you think they go in? Discuss your ideas.
3 Discuss these questions.
fishing ironing cleaning a car weightlifting I How do you feel about the
Iooking after children sailing travelling by plane situation in the text?
running cooking skiing singing 2 Do you think the situation is
breathing windsurfing sewing similar in your country?
3 Do you agree with I(aren and
b How many energetic or strenuous actlvities do you do? Anne? What, if anything, should
F Check the rules for gerunds in Grarnmar Reference 10.2. be done about the situation?

82
 Activities 1O

The f349 Vocabulary file: Work

Find these things in the article:

housewife
r all the names of jobs
r five synonyms for work (n) and (v)
i a
a
two synonyms for pay
another way of saying these:
s
i:
90 hours a week
i:. the hourly cost
housework
: It tokes a lot of time
: the word for the place where
'-:' someone works
the abbreviation for do- it-yo u rse lf

How her weekly

pay slip would
add up...
---_----
i..Nann, fhr tweeti
'- 7-- ,
cook
17.9 hrs
f5'50 flo5.95
^, an
f5.35
creaner ;;;;::
'ff;[ .H t65.27
,;i:l i

1I1,.,,
/.\ ;ll'i::"^. 311" .,Bo 12432
rs'ou
/t
,' 1)
Dishwasher
Driver
hrs f3'80
S.7
124.32
f21.66
,

f::3:: ;;;j ,"T 'il:;

/{) ,$::T jit .rir #
{fi i -
tu't hts $4e.oe
]

As nanny, cook, cleaner, laun- weekly, the ligure drops to 80 hoLrrs

dress, shopper, dishwasher, dri-
ver. gardener, and seamstress,
she has one of the most
demanding jobs in Britain
today. And paying someone
else to do the chores which take
the average housewif-e 71 hours
a week would cost f349. it was
revealed yesterday.
At over f.18,000 a year thal's more
than the eamings of 70 per cent of the
By SEAN POULTER
Researchers put a price on each
chore. then calculated how long the
average person takes doing thern.
They found housewives spend an
average 70.7 hours a rveek on domes-
tic duties - with looking aller the
chiidren (17.9 hours) and cooking
and cleaning (12.3 hours each) the
most time-consuming.
fiom one to foul and to 66 hor.rrs
liom live to ten.
Mother-of-four Karen Tudor-
Williams. from Reading, said last
night: 'Wages al'en't practical. but
the government should recognize the
value ol housework, perhaps through
the tax system. Running a house i
takes a lot of time and most husbands
don't appreciate this. They say they
do the DIY jobs. bLrt my hr.rsband

population, including tlain drivers. A wife with a parrtime iob still only puts a shell' up now ancl again.
liremen, prison officers. and social wt'rrks an average of 59 hours a week He never cleans the kro - that's the
workers. at home. Those in full-time employ- real test.'

Looking after a youngster less than a ment put in longer hours at home Single par"ent Anne Neale from
year old takes a housewife into an than in the workplace. North-west London said: 'The
even higher pay league. Accordin-s to The good news is that these hours Govenrment shor-rld pay women
decline sharyly as children get older. wages. lt's the hr-r-sband's employer
a suruey, she deserves !2157 a week - who benef its from the work that
at nearly f.24.000 a year, the same as While the averiige mother with a
tcuehers. cngineer.. and chernistr. chilcl under one puts in 90 hours women do at home.'

83
1O Activities

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Llstening and speakinE

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I You will hear three conversations. 2 Look at this list of activities.

a Look at the list of possible activities. a Tick (/) the activities that the people are going to do
b ffi rc.a Listen and match each conversation with E go to the beach
an activity. E huu" a picnic by rhe rir er
E invite some friends from Spain
visiting relatives E telephone Diane and Peter
Conversation I E at the Red Dragon restaurant
going to a restauranl
E "ut
try the new Italian restaurant
booking a hoiiday
E book a table at Mario's
Conversation 2
watching a video E go to the cinema
going to a wedding E nt" a video
E have a bath
spending a day in the country
I phone the video shop
having a game of tennis E g"t some pizzas
Conversation f
planning a party
ffi lo.a Listen again and check your answers.

84
 Activities 1O

reii:::
i Conversation pieces: Expressions with -rng forms Pronunciation
Some of the expressions in the conversations use the -ing form of
the verb, Some use the infinitive without fo.
lSl , l!; suggestions
a Complete these expressions with the correct form of the verb go
b Look at tapescript 1 O.4 and check your answers,
1 The sounds lfl and lll
C Practise the conversations with a partner.
a ffi ro.: Listen and tick (/) the
word you hear.

Making suggestions: watch wash cheap sheep

catch cash chew shoe
How about
chop shop which wish
Whot about
chip ship choose shoes
Do you fancy
for o picnic?
Shall we b Say these sentences.
Why don't we
Which watch did she choose?
Would you like to
Watch while I wash these cheap shoes.
We could
I
I
swimmino. She was chatting to the shy children at the
I
chip shop.
Expressing likes/dislikes/preferences:
c m 70.6 Listen, check and repeat.
don't foncv
don't mtnd
like
2 Making suggestions
love We can use questions or statements for
enjoy making suggestions. They Iollow the
to the video shop. normal intonation patterns.
prefer
hote a Say these with the correct intonation.
can't stond I4lk- questions:
l'd rother _ shopping.
Asking people to do things: What shall we do tonight?
Would you mind Yes/No questions:
I

Could you Ito

the shops for me. please? ______/
Do you think you could I Shall we go to the movies?
ti
Statements:
..-***xxge&
Let's go out for a meal.
3 Look at these suggestions for things to do.
a Work with a partner. Think of a possible objection to each.
b ffil ro.z Listen, check and repeat.
. go to that new Indian restaurant . play tennis
. watch the football on TV r go for a drink c Mark these suggestions with the
o do some gardening r have a barbecue correct intonation.
r have a pafiy next weel< o hire a video I Do you fancy going out tonight?
r invite some friends round o go swimming
2 Let's go to the beach.
b Make conversations like this, using the expressions above.
A Make a suggestion. 3 What about getting a video?
B Object and make another suggestion.
4 Shall we book a table at the bistro?
A Accept the new suggestion. Ask B to do something.
Exalrpr,n 5 Do you want to go to the pafty?
A How about going to thdt new Indian restaurant tonight? 6 Why don't we try that new pub?
B No, I don't fanry eating Indian food. Why don't we go to the Oasis?
A OI( Do you think you could book a table? 7 I fanry seeing a fllm tonight.
Have conversations about these situations.
. 8 How about spending a week in Rio?
arranging a day out
o planning a party d ffi ro.s Listen, check and repeat.
r deciding what to do this evening
e Practise saying the sentences.

85
1O Activities

ffixtems&*m: L&stera&rxg amd speak&rxg

1 Here is the introduction to a radio interview, 5 Look at the questionnaire about

a ffi lO.S Read and listen to the introdrrcriorr. pleasure.
a Choose the ten activities which give
you most pleasure. Put them in order
("Pleasure
is the beginning and the end of living happily.,, 1-10 (I is the most pleasurable).
Those are the words of the Greek philosopher Epicurus, who b Are there any things that you would
like to add to the list?
lived 2300 years ago. People have always tried to flnd
C Work in a group. Compare your
pleasure and today we have many more pleasures than the choices. What differences and
Ancient Greeks had. And yet we srill don't know a lot about similarities are there?
this important part of life. Here in the studio is Dr Jonathan Use these expressions:
Shamberg. Good evening, Dr Shamberg., I (don't)like ...
I really enjoy
I've never tried ...
I prefer ... to ...
b Discrlss these questions. I get a lot of pleasure from ...
I What will the interview be about?
2 Who will be interviewed? d List the ten things that you spend
3 What questions do you think the interviewer will ask? most of your time doing. How does
this list compare to your answers to
2 You will hear the interview. the questionnaire? Have you got the
a ffi fO.s Listen and check your ideas. recipe for a happy life?
b What questions does the interviewer ask? 6 Make a questionnaire to flnd out
3 Or Sharnberg uses activities to illustrate his ideas. what people hate doing.
O Match the list o{ ideas and the list of activities. a Work in groups, using the
questionnaire in 5 as a model. Make a
ldeas Activities list of about thirty things that you
think people dislike doing. (Some may
going for a walk be the same as in the questionnaire!)
Pleasure is important for
getting on with each other
human survival. b on a separate piece of paper list the
jumping out of a plane ten things that you think will be most
eating unpopular.
Happy people enjoy the
everyday things in life.
chatting with a friend C Give your questionnaire to another
doing a crossword group and ask them to choose their
having children ten least favourite things. Compare
Pleasure means different things
cooking a meal the results to your own predictions.
to different people.
relaxing in a hot bath

b ffi lo.p Listen again and check your answers.

4 Discuss these questions.

I What do you think of Dr Shamberg's ideas?
2 Should everyone be able to pursue their own 'pleasures'?
What about these?
c taking drugs * driving fast
o smoking o hunting
I The modern world can ofier a very wide range o{ pieasures.
Make a list of some things that were not available a hundred
years ago. Have these things improved life or made it worse?

86
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 11 The rnedia
.i.ti.:,;

urammar
#*w* 6*l**sa: pmst mmd €u€uy*
Grammar in use '1
Rules
1 Imagine you are a politician talking to an 1 ftre text uses the verb have to.
audience. a Complete these sentences Irom the text.
d Work with a partner. Which of these factors do you Obviously film stars right for the part.
think is the most important? So you too much about content
r what you say For example, politicians
. your appearance ab out their app e arance?
r your voice
b Rewrite each sentence in the third person singular.
b Give a percentage for each factor.
c How do we make these forms wit]n haye to?
c Read the text and check your answers. r a positive statement
2 Discuss these questions. r a negative stagement
I How important is image, do you think? . a question
2 Do you agree with Mehrabian's research? Check the rules for haye to in Grammar Reference
3 Can you think of any examples Irom your own 11.1.
experience which conflrm his research?

How important is image? Obviously film stars have

to Iook righl for the part. but what about other peopie
in the public eye? For example, do politicians have to
think about their appearance, too? Albert Mehrabian
studied the elfect that speakers have on therr
audience. His research showed thal anly 7a/o
of the effect depends on what you say; 3Ba/o
of the effect comes from your voice; but a
huge 554/o of the effect comes from your
appearance. So you don't have to worry too
much about contentl Your vojce and your
appearance are much more important
 The media 1l

Practice Rules

1 What qualities do these people 1 finO examples in tapescript tl.l to complete the table.
have to have for their jobs?
d Look at the list oI possible qualities. Present Past Future

b work with a partner and complete have to

the table. Can you add any more? (obligation)
don't have to
Qualities can
(ability)
be good-looking be strong be fit can't
have a university degree be young
be mariied look honest be tall 2 ttow do we make questions with haue to and. can in the past
have a nice voice look attractive and future?

Jobs has to doesntt

have to
and 11.2.

a TV newsreader Practice
a priest
I Make an interview with Jason Saul.
a fashion model
a Put the words in the correct order to make questions.
a politician I the have did photographs you take to?
a doctor 2 hide did have where to you?
a footballer 3 see you house clearly could the?
4 long wait did have how you to?
2 What do you have to do in your
5 photos be to will sell you the able?
job, or future job? 6 same you able be the use to wili tree?
7 to what you have now will do?
? Make a list of the thlngs that you have 8 lens buy be you to new will able a?
to do and the qualities that you have
Worl< with a partner. Use the questions to roleplay an interview
to have.
with Jason Saul.
b Work with a partner. Ask questions to
find out about your partner's job. 2 Think about your childhood.
Examprrs a Write down three things that you had to do and three things that
ln your job do you have to work with you didn't have to do.
other people? Exarrrprns
Do you have to drive? I had to go to bed at eight o'clock.
What hours do you have to work? I didn't have to go to work.
Ask other people in the class if their childhood was the same.
Grammar in use 2 Exarrrpln

1 ffi lf .l Listen to the interview. A What time did you have to go to bed, when you were six?

I What is Jason Saul's job? B I had to go to bed at eight o'clock.

2 What has he recently done? A So did I.

3 How did he do it? Couid you do these things when you were slx?
4 Why won't he be able to do it again? * read . speak a foreign language
o swim o play computer games
2 Discuss these questions. o ride a bike r wrile
I How does Jason Saul d Compare answers with a partner.
justify his job?
Do you agree with
3 Imagine that these things have just happened.
him? a Think about how your life will change.
Do you What will/won't yoLr have to do?
think What will/won't yolr be able to do?
that c You've lost your job. * You've won the national lottery.
there c You've got married. * You and your partner have had a baby.
should be rules * You've retired & You've got a place to study abroad.
about what b Compare answers with a partner, and then rryith the class.
newspapers can
h See Reflecting on Learning 12: The verb /o have p121.
print?

89
11 The media

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=
i3^ * Ji* *
W*ambaxXary mg*L{ I r *LI
id

Yh* m**#cm l,.l,ll,i,:,,.,. .'-:,,::--

.r. r:t :..i lr : :a
:'r,,':'::,.ir::.r.:
;,.,! , : 1,r '

Who are your favourite media 1 Look at the photographs in the flrst newspaper article.
people? a Discuss these questions.
a Write the name of your Iavourite I How has the woman's appearance changed?
o newsreader. 2 Which photograph do you prefer and why?
s TV presenter. b Read the flrst two paragraphs and answer the questions.
& DJ. I Who is the woman in the photo?
o journalist. 2 What is her new job?
. newspaper. I What did she do before?
* magazine. 4 What has she had to change for her new job?
. TV station.
s TV programme. 2 Look quickly through the whole text. Match the people
e radio station. and their jobs.
s film star.
c .fi.Im director. Liz Howell I co-presenter
o TV advertisement. Michael Wilson i weatherman
I Weather presenter. John Coleman I image consultant
b Tcll your partner about your choices. Frank N Magid I Director of Programmes

2 Match the verbs with the items. 3 Read the whole article and answer these questions.
Each itern can have more than one
I What changes have the image consultants made to
verb.
Fiona's image?
switch on a photograph 2 Why have they made the changes?
switch off 3 Why has Fiona accepted them?
listen to an article
watch
produce
the TV
write
take
the radio
record Fiona Armstrong has got a new Programmes, Liz Howeil says '\(/e
look at job. The former newsreader want the viewers to fancy the
a film
read from ITN is the co-presenter of presenters. So u,e've tried to bring
make GMTV's new breakfast out the nice, frienclly srcle ofFiona
see a programme progfamme. and to make het sexier. She now
The breakfast show will start at wears brighter coiours and shorter
6.00 am tomorro\i/. but Fiona has skirts. Her jackets are shofier, too,
3 Complete these sentences with in had to change more than her to emphasize 1"rer figure. Si-re looks
or on.
working hours. The new Fiona has beautiful.'
I We were _ a photograph _ got lighter hair, brighter lipstick Fiona's co-presenter, Michael
the newspaper. and a sexier wardrobe. She will Wiison, has also had to change his
My dog was _ an also smile a lot ancl flirt wittr the image. GMTV want Michael to
advertisernenl _ TV. guests oi1 the programme. So why appeal to women, but they don't
I've seen that fl1m _ video the big changei' want him to alienare malr viewrrs
Clint Eastwood's it. The producels want women either. Both presenters had to
berwrrn 20 rn,l 4U ro rclenrr[y agree to the nerv image as part of
I read about it __ an article
with Fiona, who's 3), and they rhe job.
_ a magazine.-
rvarit people of all ages to lind her GMTV start their new breakfast
He was _a play _ the attractive. So GMTV brought in frogrJmme romorrow monring.
ra d io. Arnerican image consultant, Frank But not everyone is happy. The
N Magid to create a whoie new nerrs doctors haie got it wrong rn
image for Frona. He's known as thc prsr. A Lw y.,rrs ago rhcy
'the news doctor' in the States sacked American weathernlafl ,
where image consultancy is big John Coleman, because he was tc-ro
business. He clecided that Fiona's dull. After thousands of letters
serious neu.sreader image had to from angry viervers, Coleman was
go. GMTV's Director of bacl< in his 1ob.
90
'1€ti3a1{?3-??t}?.ra*i3f?i1?f:k r{tta}&...**t8?:}xS. :l ::,i::..rr: a-r__
 The media 11

4 Discuss these questions. 5 What happened to Fiona?

I What do you think about the a Look quickly at this article and answer these questions'
attempt to change Fiona's image? 1 Who was it written bY?
2 What image do You think theY 2 Was it written before or after the other article?
created for Michael Wilson? I What happened? Choose the correct statement'
3 Do you think Fiona will lil<e her E Fioru', new image was a great success'
new image?
4 Do you think their new images will E riot u leit the programme.
be successful? I rn" producers changed Fiona's image again'
,i€r€ b Were your ideas in 4 correct?
itr

Language focus:
g
want someone to ... HOW MUCH DOES IMAGE M,{ITER?
a Complete this sentence from T t 7ell. I hare to sar. il was criticised my a ppearance. It ry

VV, ,rro.i.. \Vhett I ttat a was so trivial.

the text.
newsreader my appearance
GMTV want
was never discussed. And I
to women, but theY don't want
didn't even think about my
male viewers.
which rvere alwaYs
Iegs,
b Use your answers to 3. What do behind a desk. Butwhen I
the programme Producers want moved to GMTV my
Fiona to do? appearartce became [t oltl
page re'r'vs. Suddenly everY
ExevpLe
newspaper in the country had
They wont her to smile o lot, ,,:
something to saY about mY
'isa
.,.t:te# legs, and none ofitwas very
E#ii
flattering.
Jkrrow that image matters. Tf
luou'r" in rhe public eye yt-,u
have to iook smart and neat.
Me-wers don't want to see
(inset) as a newsreader untidy clothes and hair.
Imagc is important, but it
isn't everything. In all the
newspaper articles about rhe
new breakfast Programme,
nobody mentioned the
programme's content or
inlormailon. ThcY all just
f was unhappy on the nen
Iprogrr**. right Irorn the
start, although I staYed longer
than my male co-presenter.
We both felt uncomfortable
with our artificial images.
-1
hcrr finallv I couldn't do it
any more, either. I just wasn't
being myself and it showed.
So I left, too.
f 'm starting a new joh roon
lu, th. presenter of a
programme called Fa n la:ti r
Facts, arid I feel very good
about it. I'11 have to look
good, of course, but I I'von't
have to lvear'sexY' clothes
and smiie all the time. I'11 be
abie to choose my own
clothes and my own hairstYle.
I'1i be able to be mYself. Then
the vieu'ers will be able to
concentrate on the content of
the programme, not on me.

6 Read the text more carefullY.

a Answer I hese questions.
I What did the newspapers say about Fiona's appearance?
2 Why didn't she like it? (2 reasons)
3 What happened to Fiona's co-presenter?
4 What is Fiona going to do now?
5 Why is she haPPY about it?
b What do you think about Fiona's ideas? Do you agree?
7 Write a short summary of the two articles, using
this forrnat:
. Fiona's new job as presenter of GMTV's new breakfast
programme
e her new image and the reasons for it
c what happened and whY
o what Fiona is going to do now
. how Fiona Ieels about the whole incident

Fiana's new tmage

91
11 The media

,?*:}1iaai..i:::: I : t . : i: I :. i' . ;, .

L$w*wm$uruffi ffir$d ffiffiffiffi&{$mffi Conversation pieces:

Telephone expressions
a Complete the expressions with these words

I You will hear Ray Porter making a phone call. moment hold wrong engaged
a [Hl I l.z Ljsren ro the flrst part and answer reply may extension keep try
these questions. message through hang speak
I Who is he going to phone?
2 Where does she work? How _l help you?
3 What does he want to phor-re about? Could I _to ...?
4 What is the number? Could I have 233, please?
Could I leave a _for ...?
l'm sorn1, the line's_
There's no
I think you've got the _ extension.
Would you like to _ ?

_
I'll on.
_again
I'll later.
l'm sorry to _ you.
lust one , please,
l'm just putting you _ now.
b Look at tapescript I 1.2 and check your answers,
C Practise the conversations with a partner, using
the tapescript,

i.

b Tick (/) the things that happen.

E H. gers througl.r to the wrong extension.

E ratny is in a meeting.
l l u" calls back.
L l H" hangs up.
L I u" gets through to I(athy's secretary.
The linc is engagcd.
E rr" dials a wrong number.
E fatfry calls him back.
L l Th"."', no reply.
L l rl. leaves a message for I(athy.
L l Kathy is out.
L l rathy is going to be away next week.
E u" holcls on.
2 [Hl I l.z Listen to the rest ol the conversation
and number the events in the correct order.

92
 The media 11

3 Work with a partner. Take it in ffip-*nwmcxe*E*rn

turns to be the caller. Make
conversations for these situations. Clustens; list intonation
I You telephone Arthur Border
(extension 5674) to change your
Consonant clusters
meeting next week from Monday
to Tuesday. His line is engaged. English words often have more than one consonant sound
You leave a message with his together. We call these consonant clusters. You normally have to
secretary. pronounce all of the consonants. This is very important when the
cluster is at the end of the word and carries part oI the meaning,
2 You telephone Doctor Sabatini such as a past tense or a plural.
(extension 874). There is no reply.
Exnrrprrs
You ask to leave a message with
changed lfem$dl
her secretary, asking her to call
fields lfi:ldzl
you back before 4.00.
Consonant clusters can also occur at the beginning or in the
3 You telephone Pieter Jensen middle of a word.
(extension 1276). His line is EXAMPLES
engaged. You hold on. You flnally
strong /stro4/
get through. Tel1 him that your
newsreader I'njul.zri'^del
plane is 1ate, but you should be
Say these words.
there by 3.30.
4 You telephone Celia Appleby lipstick wardrobe emphasized compete
(0 I 789 564)821, but you get the against straight subjects shouldn't
wrong number. public chopped shocked wants

ffi ll.s Listen, check and repeat.

2 List intonation
When we say a list of things, the jntonation rises on each item tn
the list and then Ialls on the last item.
ffi il.q Listen to this sentence.

_/ _/
They changed her clothes, her hairstyle and her make-up.

b Mark the intonation, then say these sentences.

I Footballers have to be young, strong and very fll.

Mehrabian studied the elfects of appearance, voice and content.

'Hello, this is air traffic control. Please leave We get our news from TV, radio and newspapers.
your wessage after the bleep and we'11...'
I want you to reIax, be friendly and smile.

t[- 5 For this recipe you need potatoes, beans, tomatoes and oil.

c m ll.5 Listen, check and repeat.

A@cw I I

'Actually, Madam, I don't know how

you managed it, but you are speaking
to somebody in authority.'

93
11 The media
Extension: Reading and
Look at the photographs. They are from a
TV programme.
Discuss these questions.
I What do you think the progamme is about?
2 Who are the people in the pictures?
3 What do you think the people have to do?
Read the text and check your ideas.
94
X$s*er* $mS
C Discuss these questions.
I Is there a similar TV programme in your country?
2 The programme is described as 'a gruelling
competition'. What do you think gruelling means?
3 Why do you think people want to be contenders?
4 Would you like to try this game?
 The media 11

2 Read the text again. Mark these sentences True ({)

or False ({).
L Gladiators is the most popular programme on TV. tr
2 Only young people like the programme. tr
3 The programme is on at 5.40 every evening. T
4 The programme lasts for an hour. L_l
5 A1l the contenders are men. tr
6 There arc six events in each programme. tr
7 The Gladiators don't take part in the Eliminator. tr
8 The Eliminator is the easiest event. tr
,1
i
3 Look at the photographs of some of the events.
-.--4;.,: a Label the photographs with these words.

:f platform nn9 wall stick rope

1,,.:.
F b Now look at the three events on this page. Describe wl'rat you
**.;r $
t' think the contenders and Gladiators have to do in each event,
using the photographs and these verbs.
$i
swing across hang on pull off climb up
get to knock off catch chase

4 You will hear three contenders talking about their

experiences on Gladiators.
a El lt.f Listen and complete the table. Use these names to
help you.

Events I Gladiators
Danger Zone Duel ] Saracen Scorpio Jet
the Wall Hang Tough I Warrior Trojan Hawk

Event Gladiator Result

Contender 1

Contender 2
Contender 3

b Hl lf .O Listen again. What did each contender have to do?

C Compare the descriptions of the events to your own ideas from 3.
d I{ yell had to tly an event, which one would you choose and why?
5 Devise another event for Gladiators.
O Work in groups and decide
r what the equipnrt'nt is.
r what the contenders have to do.
r what the Gladiators have to do.
r how the contenders score.
b D.r* a plan oI the event.
C Describe your event to the class.

95
lzPlanet Earth
.*.nl-l.;' _: j

urarnmar
Yfu* pmss$w*
Grammar in use Rules
1 Look at the cartoon. The text shows many vertrs in the
? What do you think the text wiil be about? passive,
b Can you identify any of these things on these pages? Complete these sentences from the
text.
rybb,ish, ae'!1is. .snace'. satetfita. 1space9raft orbit ,IoqkeJ
I On 4 October 1957 the first satellite,
C Read the text and check your ideas. Sputnik,

2 Answer these questions. 2 Since then, thousands of spacecraft

I What is it about? into space.

2 How has the situation been created? 1 Every few weeks new satellites
3 Why is the situation dangerous? into orbit
4 What will happen in the future? 4 Unfortunately, space
by debris from these

The rubbish dump in the sky 5

space
flights.
An astrondut if he
or she was hit by a piece of rubbish.
6 Sooner or later a satellite
by a large piece of
rubbish.

the sentences are all in

On 4 October 1957 the first satellite, Sputnik, was launched.

Since then, thousands of spacecraft have been sent into
space. Every few weeks new satellites are put into orbit.
Unfortunately, space is being polluted by debris from these
space flights. More than 70,000 objects have been left in
space. Parts of rockets have been left. Old satellites have
been abandoned. Other items, including a glove, a spanner
and a camera, have been lost by astronauts. The situation up
there is becoming dangerous. Both Russian and American
spacecraft have been damaged. An astronaut would be
killed if he or she was hit by a piece of rubbish. lt would cost
billions of dollars to collect all the debris, but if nothing is
done the situation will only get worse. Sooner or later a
satellite will be destroyed by a large piece of rubbish and
thousands more pieces of debris will be scattered.
 Planet Earth 12

2 When do we use the passive? 2 Look at this text about Skylab.

a Look at these two sentences. Do they n-iean the a Complete the text with these verbs in the past
sante ? sirnple passive
Rttssia launched the first satellite in 1957.
(ACTVE) destroy
The .first satellite tvas lattnched by Russia in 1957. sell
(PASSTVF.) hurt
scatter
A ttstvrr lhc\e qUe\lion\.
send
I II lve renlove frorn the active sentence, we
Ra.rsia
abandon
gel Launrhed tlte frsr sdtellite in 1957. Does it still
hit
rlakc scnse?
find
2 If lve rerrove by Russia lronr the passive sentencc, launch
we get Tht.first satellite was lamtched in 1957.
Does it still r-nakc sense?
Conrplete the rule with rrorc or /ess. It 197) a 75-tonne space station called Slqlab
We use the passivc when the aclion is by the USA. Three crews of three
ir-nportant than who or what does tl-rc action aslronalrts to Skylab, br-rt at the end
(the agenl.). oI 1974, rt Skyla& stayed in space

Oftcn wc don't even know the agent. Look again at until 1979. Then it lell otrt of its orbit and
the sentences in Rules 1 , and find exarnples with headed towards t1-re Earth. A lot of the space
no agent.
station burnt r-rp when it entered the
Sometirnes we do know the agent. Find examples in
the sentences in Rules 1 . How is the agent shown?
atmosphere. But not all of it . Large

Cl-reck tl-rc rules for the passive in Grammar

pieces _ across the Indian Ocean.

Reference 12.1. Ausl.ralia by somc fragments.

Fortunately nobody . A lot of the
pieces _ by Australian farmers. The
Practice
picccs _ for very high prices.
1 put the verbs in brackets into the present
simple passive.
b EI lz.l Lisren and check.
Putting a satellite into orbit.
3 Change these sentences from the active into
I The satellite (build). the passive, keeping the same tense.
2 It _ (test). I The American astronaut, Michael Collins,
3 The satellite (take) to the rocket dropped a camera.
Iaunch site. 2 Eventuaily a piece oI debris will hit an astronaut
4 The rocket (prepare). 3 A normal space suit would not protect the
5 TIre rocket and satellite llarrnchl. astronaut.
6 The lower parts of the rocket 4 Rubbish is damaging communications satellites.
(dump). 5 Today's satellilcs will create nrore rrrhhish.
7 The satellite _ (pr-rt) into orbit. 6 A piece of debris cracked one of the space
8 The satellite's own rockets (flre). shuttle's windows.
9 The satellite (move) into the 7 The space shuttle has brought some satellites
c()rrecl ()rhil. back to Earth.
lo The resl of the rocket (leave) 8 Scientists found 186 marks on one satellite.
rn space. - 9 Space debris caused I66 of the marks.

4 Rubbish is a problem on Earth, too. Discuss

these questions.
I Why is so much ruhbish produced?
2 What is done with todav's rubbish?
] Whar effects is this having?
4 Htrw will the situation change in the future?

97
12 Planet Earth

V*cabuxXary Kemd6*#

Do you normally associate these words with Read the first two paragraphs and the last
space or with the Earth? paragraph of the text. Each paragraph
Write S or E next to each one- describes a similar event.
Answt'r llrt'se queslionr.
planet North Pole continent I What are the three events?
moon desert island 2 When do, or did, they happen?
peninsula coast lake
What results do you think the imaginary cvcnt in
volcano earthquake atmosphere
the second paragraph will have?
star ocean sea
mountain sun satellite 2 Read the whole text quickly and answer
river equator solar system the questions.
hemisphere comet orbit I Which of the places on the rnap are mcntioned?
2 How many lragments of the comet hit thc Earrh?
b Look at the picture. Label as many of the things as I Where do they land? Mark the places on the map.
possible, r-rsing the words in the box.

: :: r::: +,E::li
j ,
:i:.j+:+:!:._!:j
' :lit1l':i:r:i!'
,.f=:+-i'

l:

nr'
 Planet Earth 12

3 Read paragraphs 3-5 more carefully. 5 Imagine it is two weeks before the fragments
a Match thc items in column A and colutln B.
of the comet hit the Earth. There are plans to
send missiles into space to destroy the
fragments.
First fragment shock waves Work with a partner. Onc of yotL is a rcportcr and
Second fragment clouds of dust and water one is an astronomer. Ask and answer questions
vapour aLror-rt
Effect tidal wave I wllat is going to happen.
& the plans 1.o destroy the fragnrents.
b Look at the events in colurnn B. * what lvill happen if thc plar-r fails.
What causcs each onc?
b Cornpare your ideas with the class.
What effects does cacl-r have?
Use ttrc infon-natiorr above and write sentences to 6 Imagine another disaster, such as a storm/
sLrr-nnraLizc paragraphs 3-5. an earthquake or a volcanic eruption.
Write a newspapcr rcport atrout it, r-rsing Lhis foltnal
4 Read the flnal paragraph and discuss these
questions. Paragraph I Descrlbe the scene at thc mornent.
I Wl'rat evidence is given that the events of 209,1 Paragraph 2 Describe rn hat happcnccl.
conld rcalll, happen? Paragraph 3 Describc the actual and proLraLrle
2 How clo you feel about the possibility? e lfects.
f What could be done to prevent it?
12 Planet Earth

jl:1j,iii.,.i:ii+rl'ir,,'r,,''

l-isteniu'rg arxd spealcittg

Match the sentences and photographs. How would you

respond to the news?
I Peter and I are getting married.
2 I've got an interview for a job today.
I John can't play today. It seems he's had an accidenl.
4 Did you know Tony and Rosie have split up?
5 I won the gold medal in the race.
6 I'm cxpecting a haby. I

7 I'm afraid I failed my driving test. l

8 Have you heard? Sue had her baby on Saturday
9 Happy Birthday, Mummyl
F I

b:.i- ' !.-.

100
 Planet Earth 12
4,,?v<
..,.a.,.-.,::.. '.
e=*
.;, :,.:, ,,:,,:.. "

aJ
h at',,''),r,tl '
PranuncEetion
.'&. l*11 w*rd f;frmFqEnS {1}
The lel sound
Many words in English contain the i ei
(scirwa) sound. A syllable witb this
sound is always unstressed.
Look at this list of words. Circle the
syllatrles with the /e/ sound. Not all of
the words contain the sound.

satellite probably
volcano explosion
camera dinosaur
rubbish disappear
unfortunately survive
spanner collapse
2 Look at these responses. atmosphere million
a Choose the rnost appropriate response for each of the sentences accident extinct
in 1. yesterday evacuate
Oh, really? When did that happen? astronomer suddenly
Thank you ttery much. How sweet of you.
That's wonderfuLnews! When's it due?
@ D3 Listen and check your
Congratulations! When's the happy day? ideas.
And a Merry Christmas to you, too. l.A n.s Listen again and repeat.
Oh dear. It's nothing seriotrs, I hope.
It's.just what ['ve always wanted.
Oh ruonderful! Was it a boy or a girl?
Word linking (1)
Cheers! All the best! WJren we speak, we run words
That's all right. Don't mention it. together. Here is one way in which
Well done! I knew you cotld do it. we do this.
Happy Annitersary! When there is a consonant sound at
Oh well. never mind. Better luck next time! the end of one word and thc next
Good luck! I'Ll keep my Jingers crossed for you. word starts with a vowel, we run the
final consonant on to the vowel.
b H p.2 Listen a.d check. .\ht was eialtteen,,enrs old.
w'' ' v
c Sorne of the responses are not appropriate for the sentences in 1 .
He ltad a qold carrinq.
When would you use them? w' v
Mark the word linking in these
3 lA tz.z Listen again and pay attention to the intonation. senten ces.
a Practise saying the responses.
I Hc's had an d(cidenl.
b Work with a partner and roieplay the conversations.
c Choose two of the conversations and continue them.
2 My birthday's in August.

4 Make more conversations. I It landed in the South Atlantic.

a Look at these situations. 4 Their plane arrives at eleven.

o You've just passed your driving test. 5 John and Ellen have split up.
o A member of your family is in hospital.
. You've just worl a free holiday in a competition. 6 It's what I've always wanted.
o You've just lost your job. 7 I'rn crpccling a baby.
o A friend of yours is getting married.
. You're going to study abroad for two years. 8 I get up at eight o'clock.
. It's your friend's birthday. You've got a present for him/her.
b Work with a partner and rnake the conversations. @ p.a Listen and check.
c Choose one o1 the conversations and roleplay it in front of @ D.a Listen again and repeat.
the class.

101
12 Planet Earth

,?*
**..*r
V., r.' rr:a,,\
r.r* *. ? ,*,
1 * ;12 * ?.*
W*..
-*
* a ;€ 1';(X*d{
f:! r s47 1?-t'r
tl j{_,
a.erd
&n. }$+}
ll***c'irF"l
{i";}{L,!
i,a
{*{ 1rJ

'lLook at the title and pictures.

a What worcls would 1,e11 cxpcct to find in an article on this topic?
Make a IisL.
Unclcrline the topic worcls in the articlc and compare them to
your list. Aclci any ncw lvotds.

2 Each paragraph has a sentence missing.

t
a Ilcail the article carefu1l1, ;1r'6 write the number of each sentence
in the correct place.
I About 8l% o1 jt is r-rsed lor jewcllcry.
2 Sailors, for exanple, trsed to wcal' a gold eaning. ol:,.,
f
N
3 People have alrvays been fascinated by gold. -t:: :
4 Thc word mrat cornes lrorn lhe Greek worcl, keratiorr, rvhicl'r II
rncans a carob scccl. :
5 Whcr-r gold is bought and sold,
b Explain how you ciecided wirere the sentcnccs belong.
il isn't usr.rall), moved.
=t
c IEI 12.5 Lislen to the complctc tcxt ancl cireck your answcrs
3 Mark these sentences True (/) or False (X).
I Twcnty-four carat golil is the most expensivc. l
2 Gold is weighed with carob sccds. l :t:ii.r::i-i:

J Most golcl is macle into jewellery. I .'. ', !:fI _ =!--

t;i. ,j., - '
4 Golcl is founcl in Australia. I :-:.iar::-if
':1i:i +. rrtii. :.r
.'r:r," rst .,:..-:i:t:'rri+=^tr..._._
:r:li:+....-, :!: ::.::
5 All thc golil in Fort I(nox is owned by thc Arnerican
,'i
govcrnmcnt. tl .;,1 '"=rl+*i.F+
6 Thc first golil coins were produced ovcr 1,000 years aElo. L
7 Nlilitarl,- pilots wcar gold earrings. t_
8 The Pharaohs were truriccl in the Pyramids. tl
9 Eldorado was clestroyed for go1d. L]
l0 Gold rvas discovcrcd in California in 1849. tl
l::ii.- 1.,.:i-t'
4 Discuss these questions. ^.",r:: 'i:-
,- :,-
.-.t.r
I WI'ry is gold usually nrixed with other rnetals? 'a:. j.l.Bitl=,.t:i
:

2 Why is gold used for teeth? . '.:

I Why is gold bought tty govetnrncnts and individr:als?
4 Why isn't gold usually movcd from bank to bank?
5 Gold is used as a symbol of value. It also has some practical
ruses. How is it used in -vour colrntry?

5 The importance of gold is often shown in expressions,

a Here arc somc English exarnples. What do you tltink thcy mean?
Tltis is a goldeu opportunit-v.
Silence is golden.
Hc's becn as good as gold.
She's wortlt hcr wei!ltt irt gold.
l,ti 'r'e g.tld tlris titnt.
str irck

What crpressiorrs do you have in your languagc that use the

word gold? Translatc then into English.
6 Are their any legends or stories about gold in your
country's history? Tell the class.

102
l
+
. ..:::::::1..,.i,:.-. r,.
I
 Pure gold is rare. It has Hundreds of rnen died in
been used for over 61000 the jungles of South
years, but there are still Smeriq,a as they searched
only about 110,000 tons in
the world. It is usually
rnixed with other metals. left
The proportion of gold is the
shown in carats. Pure gold
is twenty-four carat and ,.i,..,,,,441.,a1 were I<iIIed by d$

the cheapest is nine carat. .:i:,.::,,:.5$***l*:g:.,outl a,urs and

i
.€' -€

These seeds were used to

! weigh gold and diamonds.
?
+
d
The largest

Most gold
in South
year) and N
tons a
about
, ].j::
and 294'is'
usually found in very
small pieces or'nuggets5
The largest nugget, the
Holtermann Nugget, was
found in 1872 in Australia.
It weighed 214 kilograms.
and
. Not all
to the
of these
-E lot of it is
by cornpanies,
governnrents, and
individuals. Only the
nanfies on a piece ofpaper
are changed. The gold
itself stays in the bank.
i]:jj:::j!i:l= The first gold coins were
used in Turkey in 670 BC.
But gold hds always been
accepted as money
,anyr,ll-here in the world. If
they ll - te.shipwrecked,
they could pay to get home
again.lEold,ls stiil given
to rnilitary pilots for the
same reason. MIt

How many crimes : :

have been cornrnitted

and how rnany lives
have been lost for it? d#
.:#
The gold of the #
:€8f,8
Pharaohs was stolen
dfl
:,,.fr9r11 their tombs in the ,#€
'.i:@${s, The Inca
tt aiidt'Ei{Gq,,empires
were destroyed for gold.
t
t
I
;=l
-='
"
,t .#
i] -r
.:::tr:..j

a'
; : i.::..

.:1-'
.::=::..!=j+;ir
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i',

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.::= .:1...i.::.+::.:,,f
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:':'::;ia:r,:= j.]:::,:atl=,:.:::':=:
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l3Tirne
,

&ramrw&r
Yfu* pms€ p*n€e*t Bmr=s*

Grammar in use
1 Look at the headline and photographs. 2 Discuss these questions.
€[ Discuss these questions. I How has the world changed since 1973?
2 What problems do you think Sarah's amnesia
I What does amnesia mean? caused Ior
2 What is the connection between the photographs? c Sarah?
I What do you think happened to the people? r her family?
b nead the article and check vour ideas.

The forgotten years

It was 1973 and Sarah Simms was a
happy l9,year,old. She had a nice
job in a film laboratory, and in the
evenings she went out with her
boyfriend. She loved dancing,
especially to her {avourite pop
group, T. Rex.
children
- Alexander, 11, and Linda, difficult since the accident,'he says.
9. The u,orld had also changed 'Things have changed a iot. it's hard
dramatically. What, for example, was when a wife and mother thinks she's
a word processot, a microwave or a still a teenager.'
compact discl Those things had not
Sarah and her
been invenred in 1973. Had Brirain husband
realiy had a woman prime minister? Michael in
And uherc had all her lavourite pop 1 993

Then she rvoke up in a hospital bed.

stars gone?
A man u,as talking to her. He said
that he was her husband, but she Doctort say that Sarah'r amnesia is
didn't recognize hirn. In fact, she rare, but they hope that her memory
didn't like him very much. She will slowly return. Her husband
thought he looked very old. Some Michael hopes so, too. 'Life has been
other visitors were standing around
her be,l. too. She Jrdn't recognize any
of them except her sister, Sal1y, and
even she looked twenty years older.
But that's because Sally ola.s twenty
years older, and so was Sarah.

Two days earlier Samh had been in a

car crash. The accident had erased
twenty years of her memory. It was
now 1993, but fol Sarah it was 1973 &,:
,'.E
and she was still a teenager. She'd &
foi'gotten the twenty years in
between.

In those twenty years Sarah had got

married. (ln 1973 she hadn't met her
husband.) And she'd had two Sarah and Michael in. 1971, frill years before their marriage.

104
 Time 13

Rules Practice
I ftre text uses the past perfect tense. 1 t ook at this list.
a Complete these sentences from the text. a Say whether these things had or hadn't happened
The accident twenty years of to Sarah in 197).
her memory. 't it-r;iii[i ' .r:
. hdve arfav6ufit€.pop
She the huenty years in between
see:therBeatles :'gfoup,,.r,rri. ,. -. :

In 1973 she her husband

Those things in 1973. ,' finigh,Sihool . .. ,,." :' ,: r::, ,, :,'hiV6'a,bqyfrienq. ,
:::
b How do we form the pasl perfect tense? Complete ' heqrd.MiUgaa*ThatCheri rrrleave-:home ': '
the rules. be abroad

We make positive statements with

(shortform: _)+ b ffi l:.f Listen to Sarah and check your answers.
We mal<e negative statements with
2 Complete these sentences. Put the verbs in
_ (short form: _ )+ brackets into the past tense or the past perfect
Find more examples of the past perfect tense in the tense.
story. I Sarah recognize) her husband,
d Look at the two questions. How do we make because in 197) she _(not meet) him.
questions in the past perlect tense? 2 Her hair _(turn) grey and she

2 When do we use the past perfect tense? _(not-(not like) that.

I She _(not know) how to use a
a Look at this sentence.
microwave oven, because they _(not be
Sarah didn't recognize her husband, because she had lost invented) in 197).
her memory.
4 She _(cry) when she Iound out that
The sentence describes two events: her father _(die).
Sarah didn't recognize her husband. 5 Clothes very strange, because
Sarah lost her memory. _(change)
fashions a lot.
Answer these questions. 6 She _(not know) that the Cold War
1 Which event happened flrst?
2 Which tense is used for each event? -(look)
7 TV programmes more
Complete the ruie with before or after. violent, so she want) to watch
The past perfect tense describes events that them.
-(end).
happened an event in the past tense. 8 She sad, because the singer of
-(become)
T. Rex kilied) in a car crash.
-(not
F Check the rules for the past perfect tense in 3 Think of a point in your life when your life
Grammar Reference 13.1. changed.
-(feeI)
ExannplEs-(be
* you became a teenager
s you were eighteen
a you started/left school
* you got married
a 1990
Write down
c four things that you hadn't done before then.
o four things that you had done before then.
b Tell your partner, and answer any questions that
your partner asks.
Exeuprr
Before I was eighteen, I hadn't been to college, and I
hadn't lived on my own. I had always lived with my
family ...

105
13 Time

tl ilij

Wmeahax&ary Kead&mW
YEme *KprffissE*ms #**Ev sE**F;
Put these words in the correct order from the shortest to Look at the pictures and the title
the longest. of the article.
.t yaar.
a Discuss these questions.
sercond
ClaY":.:, ,. minute , de€ade month' i'wddk
I What is the woman doing in the
photograph?
2 What do you think she has done?
2 Write down 3 Why did she do it?
r the days o[ the week.
. Read the first two paragraphs and
the months oI the year.
r check your ideas.
the four seasons.
3 We say years like this: 2 What do you think the results of
the experirnent were?
1973 nineteen seventy-three
1600 sixteen hundred a Work in groups and consider these
things:
1502 fifteen oh two o sleeping c emotions
a Work with a partner. Practise saying these years. r eating o sense of time

1772 1912 t066 1909 -t800 1980 18I2 1700 t802 b Read the rest of the article and check
your ideas.
b Write down some more years. Dictate them to your partner.
3 Look at ttris list with a partner.
4 Which prepositions do we use with time expressions? a Which things did she have in the cave?
a Put these words and phrases in the correct columns. Why did or didn't she have them?

,therweekerid, , . . .tomoi.r.ow, afteinoon 'r . ten orcloek . Easter a.tape r:eeorder . a dog ra elock,
:
,ltwo,,dayg aao :.,p6y, [lrthdai ,, :Iacs]day t. ,':','the afternoon
"
a CD player an English course food
7'.15 \l{ednlqdqy, lT-,r914in9. ; :1922,,.,.,wednpsdqy 9,May playing cards a computer books
tonight r, therscventeenlh eerllury r: I n€xt,week I : '.::last:)lear two mice a window a telephone
this.ey,eniing,,, Chijstmas..gqy ::' y,estetday." midnight a wati-h lights., ,a te,leviSJgn
, ,a'radio
Se-pte11ber.i, , , njg,ht. - : : 1A. Jar.ruary: {h9 ;:!r96Os summer
b Read the article again and check
your ideas.
tn on at no preposition
4 Answer these questions.
I What happened to Stefania's body
rhythms?
2 What did the experiment show?
I In what way do individual body
clocks vary?
5 Discuss these questions.
I Would you like to do what Stefania
b Which kinds oI time expressions are used with in, on and at? did? Why/why not?
Write down your ideas. 2 If you did, how would you spend
Check in Grammar Reference I1.2. your time? What would you
like/miss most?
5 Ask and answer these questions.
I What patterns does your body
I Which year were you born in?
clock work to? (e.g. When do you
2 When's your birthday?
naturally wake up/eatlfeel
I What time do you usually get up?
at your best?)
4 When do you normally go on holiday?
4 What external and internal stimuli
5 When did you last go to the cinema?
determine these patterns?
6 When did you last write a letter?
5 Do your patterns differ from those
7 When did you last make a phone call?
of other people that you live with?
8 When are you going to the hairdresser's?
What problems does this cause?

106
 Time 13

':}*.!i%
&ffifiiii
"' Language focus: Nouns used as adjectives ::'

a Find expressions in the text that mean the same

as these:
Stefania is a decorotor and she's 27 years old.
Her day underground was not 24 hours long.
b Wf,at do you notice about the words yeors and
hours in the expressions?
C What would you call these things?
1 a man who is 67 years old
2 a working day that lasts eight hours
3 a programme that lasts 30 minutes
4 a computer that costs 590 dollars
5 a bag that weighs three pounds
6 a bottle that holds two litres
:r:!
&
wffi:.:..: :,:13#

BODY
CTOCK
On May 23 1989 Stefania
Follini emerged from a cave
at Carlsbad, New Mexieo. She
hadn't seen the sun for
efuhteen and a half weeks.
Stefania was a volunteer in an
lralian researeh prograrnrne,
and the scientists in the
programme rvere studying
body rhphms. In this
experiment Stefania, a 27-
year-old decorator, had spent
130 days in a cave 3O feet
underground,
During her time in the cave,
Stefania had been completely
alone except for two white
mice. Her living quarters had
been very comfortable, but
there had been nothing to tell
her the time. She'd had no
clncks or watches, no television
or radio. There had heen no
natural Iight and the
temperature had been kept at a
constant 21 degrees Celsius.
The results were very
interesting. Stefania had been
underground for over four
months, but she thought she
had heen there for only two.
Her body clock had changed.
She hadn't kept to a 24-hoar
day, she had stayed awake for
20-25 hours and then had slept
for 10 hours. She had eaten
fewer meals (and had lost 17 lbs
in weight as a result!). She had
also become rather depressed.
How had she spent her time in
the cave? As part of the
experiment she'd done some
physical and mental tests.
She'd recorded her daily
ar:tivities and the results of the
tesls on a romputer. (This
computer had been her only
linh to the outside world.) For
entertainment she'd played
cards, read books and listened
to music. She'd also learnt
English {rom tapes.
The experiment showed that
our body clocks are affected by
light and temperature. For
example, the pattern of day
and night makes us wahe up
and go to sleep. However,
people are affected irr different
ways. Some people wake up
naturally at 5.00 am, but
others don't start to wake up
till 9.00 or 10.00 am. This
affects the whole daily rhythm.
As a result the early risers are
at their best in the late
morning. The late risers, on the
other hand, are tired during
the day and only come to life in
the afternoon or evening!

107
13 Time

ile**J*3m& *n* speakirxg

1 We write and say dates in different ways. 2 You will hear three conversations.
a How do we say these dates? a Look at the photographs. What c1o
Exalrplr you think is happening in each one?
22/ 11 the twenty-second of November
N oyemb er the twe nty - second
H 3.2 Listen and check vour
ideas.
3O/1 4/7 22/4 2/5 118 23/9
12/11 5/12 1813 316 21/2 26/10
[El Ii.2 Lisren again and write
down
What were inrportant dates for yolr in the past year? Tell a partner r lhc tlatcs nrcntitrned.
atrout thern, and answer any questions that your partner asks. . the dates accepted.
Exempr-rs In the conversations you hear a1l the
$ ylLtr birthdalt a a national holida-v months of the year except three.
. yoLLr wedding anniversary . your sLtmflter holiday Which three?
a birthdays of other members of the family See Grammar Reference 13.3.

i
:::

l,
ti.
,i:
,)
tlI t::
Illi i,l

tl

,
't:
t
:l

,..i
.':l

108
 Time 13

8*&at'.-

Conversation pieces: Arranging a time Fr*rnumcf;atimm

a Look at these expressions from the conversations
-{l-; word Iinking (2)
Could you give me some information about ..,?
Could I make an appointment with ...?
Con I chonge my oppointment on ... to ...? The vowel -u-
I wont to leave on .. . and return on ., ,
We usually pronounce the vowel -u- with one of
Hove you got ony seots available on ..,? three sounds.
l'm afroid .,. is fully booked. a ffi f :.-: Look at the table ancl listen to the
There's o flight atlon ... examples.
We have some seots ovoiloble on ... lal lj:o:l
l'm ofraid there's nothing left inltill ...
Con you come on ...?
much put comDuter

b Who would say each expression?

c Reconstruct the conversations with a partner. Use
the expressions above and your answers to 2.
d Look at tapescript 13.2 and check your answers.

wa:,- .,,;;;.r*t&t
b Write these words in the correct column.
3 wittr your partner make new conversations
with this information. bus full rnuseum sun study during cut
under music push up pull brush huge
I A Ask for flight times to Toronto. Give dates. bush university use tune just bull pub
B Give times.
A Accept one of the times. c ffi l;.a Listen and check your ideas.
2 A Phone to make an appointment with Dr Clark. d ffi r:.a Listen again and repeat.
B Offer a time and date.
A You can't make that. Ask for an alternative. 2 Word linking (2)
B Offer two alternative dates.
A Accept one date. In Unit 12 we saw that we run a flnal consonant
sound bnto a word beginning with a voweI. Some
3A You booked some tickets for a show, but you words have a silent consonant at the end, especially
want to change them. Give the date. words ending in -r, -w, and -y.
B Offer two alternative dates. Exarrrprss
A Choose one alternative. car lko:(r)l lfitt:(w\l my lrrrar(t)l
few
4 A You want to arrange a meeting with a When one of these words comes before a vowel, we
colleague. Suggest a date.
pronounce the consonant that is normaily silent and
B You can't make it. Suggest a later date.
nrn it on.
A That's no good lor you. You're going abroad
then. Give the dates. ExaMprss
B Suggest a new date. My car is blue. /marko:rrzblu:/
A Accept. a apples
few lefj,t:waplzl
my arm lmarjonl
a Where wiil the extra consonant be pronounced in
these sentences?
I She slept Ior eight hours.
2 How old are you?
3 We spent our holiday in Spain.
4 This is our own house.
5 Go and play outside.
6 Now it's my turn.
7 lt's at the other end.
8 He's my unc1e.

b ffi r:.: Llsten and check.

There's a message coming through - it says, c ffi r:.: listen again and repeat.
'Sorry, he's at a meeting'.

109
13 Time

ffix&*xrem&*p"x: Kemd&m& emd X&s&erx&*ffi #

ffi4
ffi:
HBAI: tr
,T

B %.E= 1l
The paragraphs below tell the flrst part of the
true story of Martin Guerre.
Look quickly at the paragraphs and answer these ;i.r,t '
questions.
I When did the story take place?
2 Where did it happen?
3 Who are these people? i
. Martin r Sangxi I
,0"

c Bertrande r Pierre
i
The paragraphs are in the wrong order. Number
i'
them in the correct order. :

El t:.f Listen to the first part of the story

and check your order.
Answer these questions.
I Why did Martin and Bertrande get married?
2 Why did Martin leave the village? d
3 How long was he away?
4 Why did some people believe that Martin was
not the real Martin?
5 Why did Pierre go to court? l
6 What was the result of the trial?
I
Discuss these questions. :

I What do you think Martin did while he i

!

was away?
2 Do you think this new Martin was the same
Martin that had lelt the village?
3 What do you think happened in the end?
ffi f:.2 Listen. You will hear the end of
the story.
Tick (/) the things you hear.
E ,rur-, with a wooden 1eg
E ttir.a woman
E wounded
E fu["r, in love
I Arnaud du Tith
E murdered
E do.tnt
E soldier
E similar
L J rtuly
E hanged

b How did the story end?

6 Imagine you are Martin or Bertrande. After

the trial you sell your story to a newspaper.
Write the story.

110

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Time 13
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i '{'{im dg{it yrars {*tct', 3l'urtitr sudrlrriy
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{*nu.
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'tt'{iilr 3'{urtirt {i*C btan au'{ty, S{utt}ri {isd dil,
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111
14Work
ttt-tt' ''

&ramrxw&e'
Y*res* recr&eE*Fc

Do you think you are efficient or

do you waste time?
a Read the text and answer these
questions.
I What is the text about? 'Wasting time is like wasting telephone numbers, Ioohing fot
money.' This is the slogan of pieces of paper on their deshs, and
2 Who is Sam Flowers?
Time Management Systems. walking from one part of a building
I What is the result of wasting time? to another. These can r.vaste hours
4 What do you do with a time log? of yout day. Then you haven't got
5
Why do people use them? time fcrr the impottant things. This
b Think about your own life. Do you applies to both yout professional
and yout petsonal life.'
agree with Sam Flowers?
The fir*r.rep rowards managing
2 Irnagine a typical day in your life. rour rime berrer is keeping a rimc
1og. In a time 1og vou tecotd
a Make a time log for it. (See 3b for an everything that you do during the
example.) day. Then you calculate how much
b Discuss your time logwith a partner. time you sperit ofl each thing -
What differences and similarities are
travel[ing. relephonins. earing,
chatting, washing, writing letters,
there? etc. '\When they do a time log', says

3 Where did the morning go? 'Most people,' says Sam Flowers of Sam Flowers, 'most people are
TMS, 'wa'Le roo much time on amazed at how much time they
a Look at the photographs. What is doing rrrr ial thing. lrke finding waste.'
I(ate doing in each one?

112
 Work 14

Look at I(ate's time log. Match the 4 Analyse Kate's tirne log.
times to the pictures. a How much time did IGte spend doing each thing?
Examprrs
listening to the radio fifieen minutes
. TIME LOG
having a shower, etc.
b How much time did
thirty minutes
she actually spend working?

. TIME ACTtVtTy 5 A consultant from TMS is comrnenting on Kate's tirne log.

+S 7.OO Wake up: switch on radio; a Complete his analysis of Kate's morning, using Kate's time log and
these tenses: the past simple, the past continuous, the present
stay in bed.
perfect, the past perfect.
F 7.15 Get up: showerlclean
teeth. 'OIC let's take a look at Kate's time log. What did she do in her
7.45 Have breakfast. morning? She _ at work at 9.00. While she
a cup of coffee, John . They _
s A.OO Get dresaed. about a TV programme that they the night be{ore.
A.2O Leave for work. At 9.15 Kate _ to have a word with Fred about the
$
s 9.OO Ative at work; cup of meeting the next day, but Fred _ there, so she
coffee; John comes in; talk back to her office.
s AIter she the moming's post, she _ to
about, -N programme that
start work. But Amanda . She was back from her
we both watched last
holiday. They till 10.30. A{ter the coffee break,
niqht.
Kate work, but the computer , so she
9j5 Oo to have a word with the engineer. Then she to the computer
Fred about tomorrow,o laboratory, but all the computers , so she
meeting. He
-
s isnt there. to the offlce. The computer engineer
Walkbackto office. He _ the problem.
s I(ate _ tlping a letter at 12.00. At 12.30 she
to lunch.
So what has I(ate achieved in her morning's work? In four
g.3O ?ead morninO'o ?oet' hours she has really only done two things: she
1O.OO Deaide to stara work' the morning's post and she _ a letter. Not a lot for
four hours!'
10.15 Amanda Phoneo' 1he'e
her
iuot, yotbackfrom
holidaYo; chat"
b ffi la.r Listen and check.
6 You have decided to rnanage your time better.
s 1O.3O Cotteebreak a What are you going to do? Write down five ideas. How will each
s 10.50 Slat+ workt aomPuter ien't one save you time?
working. ?hone engineer t'o b Ask other people in the class what they are going to do.
explain tault.
s c Compare your ideas.
11.20 Walkto lhe aomPuler 7 If you could save one extra hour each day by rnanaging
\
s.
laboratory in the nexl your time better, what would you do with the extra hour?
s buildinq. a ffi M.Z Listen to four people talking about what they would do.
s
rS All the comPulere in t'he b Tick (/) the things they mention.
11.35
lab are bein6 uoed' E go to work later E rtuy in bed ionger
s 11.45 Return to otfice. ComPuter E spend more time with the family E l"urn a new language
engineer has arrived' He
E start playing golf E take more exercise
E read more T relax
explaino iuhe Problem'
s C m 74.2 Listen again. What reasons do the people give?
12.OO 5t a rt t',Y
Pin
g ett'e r'
I

s d What would you do with an extra hour a day? Compare your

12.30 Lunchtime
* ideas with a partner.
sR:Sissss::l:s-s:}S:ii:Ni$:s:::i:i:i.s:s

113
14 Work

ffi; :.i:.-:.:t::..:i]ij:.t:.,i +]::.::=

W*eebax&mx'y Ra=dinn
I r\rE4t,i l. tHl E
-&r$j**'ft er+# FE*L€ ats :...t: t1.:.:r...i.-.: i: i.. :t:-:

=k'#s
We can form abstract nouns from Look at the title and photographs. Discuss these questions.
many adjectives. This table shows I Why do war correspondents do their job?
sorne of the comrnon noun endings. 2 Is it
a necessary job? Why are people interested in war news?
I What does the titie say about them and their job?
adjective noun ending 4 Would you like to do it? Why/Why not?
sad sadness +NCSS
2 Read the article.
a Which correspondents are mentioned?
b These statements are similar to what the correspondents say in the
ril* .il""* nt > nce article. Write the correspondent's initials next to each statement.
I War reporters are a very exclusive group of people.
2 _ Sometimes when it's really dangerous I wonder why I do it.
brave bravery +y 3 _You can't really show what's happening if you don't take
some risks.
4 _ Every reporter wants to be a Ioreign correspondent.
5 _ All war reporters are a bit crazy.
strong strength +th 6 _ I olten promise that I'11 stop, br.rt I know that I won't.
7 _ I always carry a good luck message lrom my wife.
8 _ The danger oI war is exciting.
dangerous danger no ending 9 _ I feel very proud that I can see important world events as
they happen.
c Explain how you matched the statements and correspondents.
d Find all the words in the text associated with war and the media.
3 Answer these questions.
I Which war is used to illustrate the dangers oI the job?
2 Which other wars are mentioned?
1 I-ook at this list of adjectives. I Which of the correspondents do you think is the oldest? Why?
happy impqrtan! ,'.6e6".t :,warm,
4 What happened to Martin Bell?
careful lqog lucky differtent 5 Which two news organizations are mentloned?
difficult safe ,. selfish ' respecled
6 What do none of the correspondents believe?
thrilling private successful mad 4 Do excitement and danger always go together? Can you
thinl< of other jobs that are exciting but not dangerous, or
a Usc a dictionary. Complete the chart dangerous but not exciting?
with the adjectives and their nouns.
5 Work in groups. Write an article about another job and
b Which nouns have a spelling change, why people do it. The article can be serious or humorous,
or add an extra letter? about a real or an imaginary job.
2 Choose nouns from the chart to a First make nolcs ()n
complete these sentences. Discuss . a typical activity in the job.
your choices with a partner. e the problems or difficulties of the job.
. whY people do it.
is more important
r what qualities people need to do it.
than
Write your article, using this format:
is important lor
in a relationship Paragraph I You're .., You're going /o ... (Set the scene of
is important for someone about to do the,job.)
in a job. Paragraph 2 That's all in a day's work for a ... (Say what the job
is and give the problems and difflculties of it.)
4 A thing that I dislike in people is
Paragraph 3 So why do people do it? \Give quotes from people
about why they do the job.)
5 Important qualities in a person are Paragraph 4 Could you be a ... ? (Give the qualities you need for
and the job.)

114
 Work 14

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ii
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;* i ":! ,. a

rt

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*
1.
.";E ;i"'
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:+1= 1

P Although theY work for different They all think that their job is important'
You're neat the front line of a battle'

k
.i=ff
-<=.t
,F#-
Around you shells are exPloding'
People are shooting from a
house behind You' What are
organizations, war reporters help each
other. 'As a war repolter,' saYS
Michael Nicholson, 'You become
'l don't like the danger at all,'saYS
Penny Marshall,
get an honesi
'but it's the only way to
repori. We aren't brave,
because you don't really think allout the
Flin-: you doing there? You aren't a member of a very exclusive
#h=4
a soldier. You alen't even club and you dePend il danger when You're in it, but
tr$ carrying a gun. You're on each other.' One of \ :tr:
.i:
i you have to be calm.' For Kate
Adie the danger isn't the
standing in front of a the most resPected
members of that club important thing. She describes
3ltr camera and You'te telling her job as a Privilege. 'You're
-risf
the TV viewers what is is SandY Gall. He's
reportecl on several seeing history in the making"
,atn happening.
conflicts including the she saYs.
rnd Sandy Gall,
it's all in a daY's work for a respected reqofter Suez Crisis of 1956, : But there are moments of
:ok war correspondent, and it can Vietnam, Afghanistan terror. Jerem}, Bowen again:
be very dangerous. ln the first two years and the Gulf War. SandY saYs' Kate Adie, 'Yes, when You're lying on the
t! tu of the conflict in former Yugoslavia, 28 'We're all a bit mad, not if dressed for action
ground and bullets are flying
repolters and photographers were killed when we staft, then ceftainly past your ears, you think: "What the hell
:iltttl Hundreds more were injured, including by the end.' am I doing here? l'm not going to do this
1ne the BBC's Martin Bell. What kind of again." But that feeling goes after a
people put themselves in danger to bring
. aen while and when the next war stafts,
pictures to our TV screens and stories to
you'll be there.'
our newspapers? WhY do they do it?
cck 'None of us believes that we're going to
'l don't know whether we're macho or die,'adds Michael Nicholson. But he
ltila masochists,' saYS ITN's Michael always carries a lucky charm with him' lt
Nicholson.'l think it's every young was given to him by his wife for his first
.ets reporter's dream to be a foreign war. lt's a card which says, 'Take care of
correspondent that's where you find the yourself.' Does he ever think about
excitement. So when the f irst dying? 'Oh, many times, and every time
iale
opportunity comes, you take it even if it
iSO it happens you look to the sky and say to
is a war.' Jeremy Bowen from the BBC God, "lf you get me out of this, I promise
agrees. 'l don't think we like the danger'
l l'll never do it again". You can almost
-3n but it gives you a ceftain thrill. After a Martin Bell with a film crew'
during the Gulf War
hear God laughing, because You know
while other stories become a bit dull''
He doesn't believe You.'

115
L$s&er'xXmffi emd speek&mg
ffimrumHff trmffk

Read about the woman in the photographs.

, iAnnette rvan der Alst tives in a srnatl telrntn'iRear

, B1.u55,s15 irl8elgiu rn Sf i-e is 'on a.itw.q;day. qqF,l.n ess,.
r

' ltr:ip'io o.x1gr,{r15he has; g9t1 a reseiiayrga 41{$ ' ,; ;

" C*ll(fj.Vnf.e1',Th!s:js,her:.third visit tO:Oxfoid'. .,,,'
. . ., :,:,. ,'

a Look at the conversation.

b Some of Annette's part of the conversation is
missing. What do you think she says? Look at
Conversation pieces for some ideas.
Taxi driver Where to, miss?
Annette The Carling Hote1, please.
Taxi driver Certainly. Have you got any luggage?
Annette Yes, I've got this suitcase.
Taxi driver Right. I'il just see to that. Now where
are you staying again, miss?
Annette
Taxi driver Right. A bit grey today, isn't it?
Annette
Taxi driver It's a bit grey today, the weather. It's
not very nice. You know. Dull.
Annette
Taxi driver Still, at least it isn't raining
Annette
Taxi driver Is this your flrst time here?
Annette
Taxi driver Are you here on business or on
holiday?
Annette
Taxi driver How long are you staying?
Annette
Taxi driver Well, I hope you aren't in a hurry
Annette
Taxi driver Well, the trafflc's terrible. This is only
my second run today.
Annette
Taxi driver There are just too many vehicles on
the road.
Annette
Taxi driver Where are you from, then?
Annette
Taxi driver Oh, yes. Whereabouts?
Annette
Taxi driver Oh right. Well, here we are. Thar's
f8.25, please, miss.
Annette Here you are. I(eep the change.
Taxi driver Thanks a lot, miss.
2 ffi 74.3 Yortwill hear the complete
conversation. Listen and check your ideas.

1't6
 Work 14

ryce.r::
Conversation pieces: Small talk Frsmume fimtEmm
? Two common small talk themes in Britain are the weather and
trafficl What do strangers talk to each other about in your Revision
country?
b Look at these common expressions. 1 In some of these groups, one of
the words does not have the same
Talking about the weather:
vowel sound as the other two
Fine
words in the group.
Warm
iVice a Circle the words that have a different
Lovely vowel sound.
A bit grey today, isn't it?
A bit windy I thumb home
Cold 2 brave same day
Wet
Terrible 3 done son one
Talking about the traffic: 4 put book door
all right
The troffic's bad today, isn't it? ) pusn rush pull
terrible 6 climb sign time
Agreeing:
Yes, that's true.
7 warm saw car
I suppose you're right, 8 can't want what
Yes, I agree.
Yes, I suppose so. 9 waik tall shall

Asking for clarification: l0 so do to

Why's that?
Pardon?
ll cheap feel hir
What do you meon? 12 bought pound oLrt
l'm sorry, I didn't get that.
C Look at tapescript 14,3 and practise the conversation with a
b ffil r+.4 Listen and check.
partner. Add your own ideas for extending the conversation, 2 Look at these sentences.
a Marl< the stressed syllabies and draw
the intonation cllrves.

3 An English-speaking visitor has arrived in your country. I What shall we do this evening?
Work with a partner. One of you is the visitor and one is a
taxi driver. Make the conversation. 2 Why is your jacket on the floor?

3 I'm going to see my friend.

4 Do you want a cup of coffee?

Is it windy today?

I suppose you're right.

Is that a good idea?

8 Where would you like to live?

b ffi ta.: Listen and check.
3 What does this say?
/jriv ri:St de jend ev 6e bi-ik/
/hev ji-i la:nt-e lot/
/god l,tk wrd je nekst jrsr ev r4ghJ/

11-t
14 Work

ffix&wxxs&*rx;
ffiemd&reffi amd *&s&em&*ffi I'm a-gonna raise a fuss, l'm
raise a holler,
Aboui working all summer just to try
1 Look at the song.
to make a
a Answer the questions.
I How old do you think the singer Every time I my baby
is? and try to make a dale,
2 Why has he got the blues?
My boss says, 'No dice, son. You gotta
3 Tick (/) which people he
mentions. late.' )*
E hir bort Sometimes I what l'm
I his girlfriend's mother a-gonna do,
E tne neighbours But there ain ,+ no cure for the
E his sister B lues-
E hi, pu."rrt,

I
LJ his girlfriend
E hi, .org."rr-u.
Well, my mom and poppa told me, 'Son

E tn" president you gotta make some

lf you wanl to use the
What do you think the missing lvords
are?
to go driving next Sunday.'
@ ru.a Listen ancl check your Well I go to work, I
ideas. told the boss I was sick.
Find American English
expressions in the song that mean
the same as these:
I'm goir'tg to ...
'Now you

Sometimes I wonder
use ihe cet,
'cos you didn 't work a lick.'
l'm
E
there isn't a ... a-gonna do,
to ,shout
Bui there no cure for
no chance
you hdve to ... the Summertime Blues. I
Mum and Dad
-{
did no work at all
holiday
l'm gonna take two weeks, l'm gonna
Member of Parliament a fine vacation.
Answer these questions. l'm gonna take my Problem to the
I What is the singer going to make a Un ited
fuss about?
2 How does his boss make his life
Well I my congressman
difflcuit? and he said, 'No.
1 What does he want to do?
4 What does he have to do?
l'd like to you, son,
5 Why can't he use the car? bul you're too young to vote.'
6 What is he going to do for two I wonder what I'm a-
weeks?
Why won't his congressman help
gonne do,
him2 But there ain'+ no for
4 What things give you the blues? the Summertime Blues.
What would you cornplain about
in a song?

114
Work 14

's
4
*,1
'l
I

119
 I
Reflecting on Learning

Your aims Using dictionaries

What do you want to achieve in this course? A good dictionary is a great help in studying a language,
a Think about these things. especially outside the class. It can help you with
e Why are you studying English? meaning, spelling, grammar and pronunciation. At pre-
e What things do you need or want to do in English? intermediate level you can use a bilingual dictionary or
b took at this list. an English-English dictionary, like the Oxford Elementary
r Listening r Pronunciation Learner's Dictionary.
r Speaking r Grammar Look at this extract lrom the Oxford Pocket Spanish
r Reading r Vocabulary Dictionary.
r Writing
What do you think you can do well in English? pronunciation part oI speech translation
What do you flnd difflcult? (z=noun, yt/yi=verb,
Discuss with your partner, and then with the class. a=adiective, etc.)

hcruse /haos/ a i (pl -s /'haazlzl) 1 caia 2 (Teat) sala de

especteculos: There was a full house. Se llen6 aI completo.
Recording vocabulary Loc on the house cofiesia de.la casa Ver tb rr,ovr. ) lhaaz/
A useful way to record vocabulary is to make your own vt a)ojar,falbergar
dictionary.
a Look at the example from a German student's expressions and phrases example sentences
notebook. What kind of inlormation does he include? It is a good idea to
use a dictionary which has this
information, and which uses the IPA to show
: Unitl zoth September pronunciation.

cupboard (n) /'klbadi: 9chrank

Making mistakes
armahair (n) /'orm{ee/: Seeeel - ait in an Mistakes are a natural part of iearning a language.
armchair We make mistakes for several reasons. Here are some
possibilities.
!,ochat (v) lffrtl: plaudern . It's dif{erent from your language.
a ahat (n) - lo have a chat, . It's similar to your language but not exactly the same
='.. o You don't understand the rule.
. It's an exception to the rule.
You can organize your vocabulary records in diflerent o You don't know, so you guess.
ways. Which of these do you think are useful? Why? Look at your work in this unit. Find flve mistakes that
a by parts of speech (nouns, verbs, etc.) you made. Why did you make them? Discuss your ideas
a alphabetically with other members of the class.
a in word {amilies
a in the order that they are in the book
a by situation (e.g. at the shops) Nouns
a by topic (e.g. clothes, money)
a This is the normal pattern of a sentence in English:
, , ,,,l:,1
-. subject verb object
Parts of speech
Jane likes films.
It can be useful to know the parts of speech. They can My sister Jone loves old, black ond white films.
help you to use a dictionary and a grammar book more
easily. The subject and object are normally nouns or noun
o These are the main parts of speech. phrases.
Nouns often have an article. There are two kinds of
conjunction ve;b adjective pronoun article.
\/\/ Deflnite article the
Whin John in his nrl, ,rr, hi smites happily
\\t
siis
Indeflnite article a/an, some/any
preposition noun adverb Nouns have two forms - singular and plural. To
make plurals we usually add -s.
b find examples oi each of these parts of speech in this Exnupr,r
sentence. dog dogs
Sally's young son cut his hand badly, so she took him to
the hospital.

120
I
Reflecting on Learning

But there are some exceptions. What are the plurals
of these words, and how are they pronounced?
fly, watch, knife, tomato, foot, key, man, glass, woman,
child, mouse, brush
F Check in Grammar Reference 2.2.
d Nouns can be replaced by pronouns. Change the
repeated noun in the second sentence into a
pronoun.
Where's the cat? I can't find the cat.
Unlike nouns, some pronouns change their form
depending on whether they are a subject or an
obiect. Complete this list.
I Try not to use a dictionary immediately.
2 Try to get the general meaning of the text flrst.
3 Try one of these strategies.
o Ignore the word. Some words aren't
important to the meaning.
r Try to work out the meaning of the word
from the context.
o Guess the meaning and continue reading.
b at the end of the reading, Iook back at the unknown
words and check them in a dictionary. Did the
strategies work?

Subject pronouns Object pronouns Pair and group work

I
In this course you often work in pairs or groups. What
You do you think about working in this way?
He Make a list of the advantages and disadvantages of pair
She and group work.
It Discuss your ideas with other members of the class.
We
They
Ways of learning
You have worked in many different ways so far in the
course. Which ways do you prefer?
Verbs ? Look at this list.
A sentence must have a verb. AII verbs must have a a grammar exercises . reading comprehension
subject, except for imperatives. o roleplays . pronunciation practice
€l These sentences illustrate different types of verb in o discussions . writing exercises
English. Match the sentences to the correct o dictionary work . group work
grammatical term. r learning words o Iistening
o pairwork . games
I sleep for eighr hours a night. I a modal verb b Complete the table, putting items in each coiumn.
Go to bed! | an auxiliary verb
Doyou like paella? I like
| a phrasal verb
I saw her yesLerday. I a transitive verb
We should go. I an intransitive verb I don't like
John picked up the book. an imperative
most useful
b Give one more example of each item.
c How are the grammatical terms written in the
dictionary? least useful

C Discuss your ideas with the class. What do your

Correction cholces tell you about your learning style?
Discuss these questions.
I Do you like it when your teacher corrects your
mistakes The verb to have
o when you are talking? The verb to have has different uses.
o in your written work? a Match the uses to the correct examples.
2 Does correction help you? Why/Why not?
3 What do you do with the corrections?
IJses Examples
4 What kind oi correction do you flnd a main verb She's got fair hair.
helpful/unhelpful? an auxiliary verb We have lunch at 1.00.
wilh got to show possession I've been to London.

Dealing with unknown words b For each, how we do form

a As you read, you will often meet an unknown word. r positive statements? r questions?
What shoutd you do? a negative statements? r short answers?

121
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Tapescripts
ffi o.t
Host lYary, can I introduce you to Gianni? He's
studying English here in Bournemouth,
Mary Hello. Plexed to meet you.
Gianni Pleased to meet you, too.
Mary Where are you from, Gianni?
Gianni l'm from ltaly near Bologna.
Mary And why are you studying English here?
Gianni I need it for my iob.
Mary Really? So, what do you do?
Gianni I work in a bank an international bank.
Mary Oh, I see. Did you learn English at schoo!?
Gianni Yes, and at university, too. But l've forget
... er .., forget?
Mary Forgotten.
Gianni Yes, of course. l've forgotten a lot of it.
lYy biggest problem is listening. People talk very
quickly and I can't understand them.
Mary But do you like studying English?
Gianni Oh yes. lt's an interesting language and
it's very useful. I can talk to pople from all over
the world ... and I can understand the words of
my favourite songs, too!
Mary Well, that's a very good reason.
Gianni But whai about you? What do you do?
Mary l'm a student, l'm studying chemistry at the
local university. L ..
ffi o.s
Carol Good morning, AA lnsurance. lviy name's
Carol. How can I help you?
Mr A Hello. l'd like a quotation for car insurance,
Carol Certainly, sir. Can ltake some details,
pleme? What's your surname?
Mr A lt's Allenson.
Carol Could you spell that, please?
Mr A Yes, it's A-double L-E-N-S-O-N.
Carol And what's your first name, Mr Allenson?
Mr A Geoffrey.
Carol ls that with a l?
Mr A No, it's the other spelling, G-E-O-double
F.R-E-Y.
Carol Thank you. And what's your address, Mr
Allenson?
Mr A lt's 95 Sirdar Street. That's S-|-R-D-A-R.
Carol And where's that?
Mr A lt's in Harrop, Kent.
Carol How do you spell Harrop?
Mr A lt's H-A-double R-O-P, And that's in Kent.
Carol And what's the postcode, ple6e?
Mr A lt's LA19 7ZQ
Carol HA1 9 7ZQ?
Mr A That's right.
Carol And the telephone number with the area
code first, please?
Mr A The area code is 01469 and the number is
387 double 5 double 3.
Carol Thank you. How old are you, Ivlr Allenson?
Mr A I'm 24.
Carol And what's your occupation?
Mr A l'm a shop msistant.
Carol Fine. Now, can I have some details of the
vehicle? What make and model is it?
Mr A lt's a Volkswagen Golf Gti. And it's . ..
ffi o.+
1 How many people are there in the picture?
2 Where is the cat?
3 ls this true or false? There are tvvo men at the
table.
4 ls the piano lid open or closed?
5 What is there on the window sill?
6 How many video cassettes are there under the
video recorder?
7 Is there anyone in the armchair?
8 ls there a boy in the garden?
9 How many people are there in the photos on
132
1 O
the piano?
ls there a plant on the cupboard?
'I 1 How many flowers are there in the vase on
the coffee table?
12 Are all the flowers the same colour?
'13 ls this true? There are three mice by the wall.
14 Where are the children sitting?
1 5 How many things are there on the walls?
15 What is there in the large picture?
17 What's the time?
'18 What music is on the piano?
I 9 ls there anlthing on the ceiling?
20 How many animals are there in the room?
ffi t.t
She always does exactly the same things.
She wakes up at seven o'clock.
She doesn't get up iill quarter past seven.
She switches on the radio.
She listens to the news.
She goes to the loo.
She brushes her teeth.
She has a shower,
She dries her hair.
She chooses her clothes,
She gets dressed.
She doesn't have any breaKffit,
ffi t.z
Christine gets up first at about seven o'clock. She
goes downstairs and hm breakfast early, because
she staris work at eight o'clock.
When lwake up, lswitch on the radio and listen to
the news. Then I get up and have a shower. I go
downstairs at about quarter past seven.
Sam comes down at about half past seven. She
doesn't like the radio, so she switches on the
television and watches the breaklasl programme.
She always turns up the volume too loud, so we
usually have an argument about that.
Colin goes to college and he's always late. He
doesn't usually have breakfast. He runs downstairs
at the last minute, and hurries out to get the bus.
But he usually misses it, so then ltake him in my
car and l'm late for work.
I like the weekends, because everyone stays in bed
Iate. But I don't stay in bed. I get up first and have
my breakfmt in peace!
ffi t.e
They can do what they like. But why should I pay
for it? Their social security benefits come out of my
tiles. We shouldn't pay them to do nothing.
Maybe they don't do any harm. But that's not the
point. lt's my land and they shouldn't be here,
It's terrible. The music is so loud and they look so
dirty. And the children! They should be at school.
People only complain because they're jealous,
Every society needs its rebels. We should leave
them alone.
Well, I don't understand it. He comes from a good
home. We're respectable people. He shouldn't live
Iike that.
We don't do any harm. Why shouldn't we live the
way we want to? It's a free country.
Freedom? Huh. They're just lzy. They should get
jobs. And if they don't, we should put them in
prison or in the army,
EE t.+
1 A What's the time?
B lt's five past one,
2 A What time is our meeting tomorrow?
B 1O.3O, I think.
A Are you sure?
B I'll just have a look in my diary. Here we are.
No. lt's at ten o'ciock in my office.
A OK. Thanks.
3A When does the programme stad?
B Which programme?
A You know, that new series about plants that
we want to record,
B Oh yes,.lust a minute. Er. At twenty pmt nine.
A Well, we should set the timer then,
because we re going out at nine.
4 A Excuse me. Whai time does the next train
leave?
B The London train?
A Yes,
B Twenty-three minutes past two.
A Thank you.
5A You're listening to Radio West on 96.9 Flvl.
It's I8 minutes past three on this Wednesday
afternoon.
B Oh, I must go. The bus goes at hventy past.
6 A Hello,
B Good morning. This is your wake-up call. lt's
quarter to eight. Have a nice day,
A Thank you.
7 A Good afternoon. Gino's.
B Oh, hello. Could I reserue a table for this
evening, please?
A Certainly. What tjme, madam?
B Half past seven, please.
A How many people is it for?
B Two, please,
A What name is it?
B Baker.
A And a ielephone number, please?
B 896573.
A Thank you, Ms Baker. We'll see you at 7.3O
this evening. Goodbye.
8 A Could I make an appointment with Dr Clark,
please?
B Yes, can you come tomorrow morning at
1 1.OO?
A No, l'm sorry, Tomorrow's no good for me,
l'm afraid, Have you got anything on
Thursday morning?
B .lust a moment. ls twenty-five pmt eleven all
right?
A Yes, that's fine. Thank you,
B What name is it, pleme?
A Mrs K. Walker.
B So ihat's 11.25 on Thursday, Mrs Walker.
A Thank you. Goodbye.
9 A Hello, ABC Tais.
B Could I book a taxi to the airport, please?
A Certainly. Which day?
B Tomorrow.
A And what time do you want the taxi?
B At ten to twelve, please.
A Fine. What's the address, please?
B lt's 1 28 Carlton Street ...
ffi t.s
Every hour nearly 1 5,0OO babies are born. The
world's population incremes by 9,3OO, and the
world spends over $1OO million on weaPons.
ln a lifetime of 65 years the average person watches
television lor 1 2 years, and sleeps for almost 22
years.
Your heart beats approximately 75 times in a
minute. ln that same 60 seconds you breathe in
about 1 8 times and you blink 1 7 times. You lose
between 50 and lOO hairs and more than a litre of
sweat daily.
ln one hour the world drinks 22,5OO,OOO Coca-
Colas. McDonald's hamburger shops serve 91 6,5OO
customers. People buy enough BIC ballpoint pens to
draw a line round the equator I 60 times.
ln one year people in Britain drink 73 billion cups of
tea, Per head they eat 65 loaves of bread and 1 57
eggs. Each person drinks 21 6 pints of milk, 50
bottles of wine and 2O7 pints of beer. But Britain is

only hryentieth in the league of alcohol drinking
colrntries.
ln one hour Volkswagen makes 1 66 cars at its
factory in Wolfsburg, Germany. ln the same period
of time the Hero Bicycle Company of lndia produces
59'1 bikes and the Reynolds Tobacco Company in
the United States produces 13,640,A72 cigarettes.
Every hour over a 1,OOO planes take off or land
somewhere in the world, and there are l l recorded
earthquakes.
El z.z
I work for a construction company. We build roads,
dams, bridges and things like that. At the moment
my company is producing a plan for a new
motoMay. I usually work in the roads department,
but this month l'm working in the department that
builds bridges. So my whole working day is
different just now, I normally spend a lot of time
outdoors, because I go to the construction sites.
But with this new project l'm spending a lot of time
in the workshop. At the moment we're testing a
model of one of the new bridges. l'm enloying it a
lot, because l'm learning a lot of new things.
ffi z.s
Mary When can we get together to discuss a few
things, Alan?
Alan Just a mjnute, let me get my diary. Right,
This week?
Mary OK, We need about two or three hours.
What about today? Are you free this morning?
Alan No, sorry. Some people from Poland are
coming to see us, But they're leaving at midday,
so the afternoon's free.
Mary No, I can't make that. We're interuiewing for
a new secretary.
AIan Are you doing anything on Tuesday?
Mary Well, l'm giving a lecture at 1O,OO and l'm
going to the dentist in the afternoon. How about
lunch?
Alan No good, I'm afraid. I'm having lunch with
Peter. ls Wednesday afternoon any good for
you? I'm going to an exh bition in the morning,
but the afternoon's free.
Mary No, l'm sorry. That's no good for me. l'm
meeting the director at 2,30.
Alan Well, l'm afraid that's it for this week, then.
l'm going to Holland on Thursday morning.
Mary On yes, so you are. When are you Loning
back?
Alan Sunday, but I don't get back till 1 1.0o at
night. ls any evening any good for you?
Mary No, l'm rehearsing for my new play every
evening this week.
Alan Well, it looks iike next week, then, But
anyway, I must go now. Bye, darling,
Mary Bye. Don't forget you're taking the children
to the pady tonight.
Alan What? But l'm playing tennis at 7.OO. Can't
you take them, Ivlary?
Mary No, I told you, I'm rehearsing this evening.
Alan Oh, damn. Now lcan't.,.
ffi z.g
Mrs S Have you got any brothers or sisters, Gloria?
Gloria Yes, l've got a sister and a brother,
Mrs S Are you the oldest?
Gloria No, l'm number tvvo. lvly sister ivlarion is
the oldest, and Daniel is the youngest.
Mrs SAre you ali mariedT
Gloria Well, my sister and l, we're married, but
Daniel isn't. He's still at home with my parents.
Actually, I think l've got a photograph of me
and my family, Would you like to see lt?
Mrs S Yes, very much.
Gloria Hmm. l'm sure l've got one somewhere.
Yes, here you are. This is a photo of my wedd ng.
Mrs S Oh, when was that?
Gloria Last summer. That's my husband, Oliver.
Mrs S And this is your father at the end?
Gloria Yes, and that's my mother sitting in the
middle there.
Mrs S ls this your sister beside your mum?
Gloria Yes, that's my big sister, Marion.
Mrs S lYmm. She looks like you.
Gloria Yes, I suppose she does. That's her
husband Aaron behind her.
Mrs S And these are their children, I assume.
Gloria Yes, those are my two nephews, Ben on
the left and losh on the right, and my brother
is holding my little niece, Rebecca.
Mre S Mmm. She's very sweet. And what about
your brother? Tell me about him.
Gloria Well, he's still single, but he's got a
girlfriend. Her name's Alison, Well, she's his
fianc6e really, because they're engaged, but
they're not in any hurry to get married yet.
Mrs S I see. Well, they're still young. What does
your faiher do?
Gloria He's a salesman for a chemical flrm.
Mrs S Oh really? Where does he work? ls he .,
El s.t
Reporter Mrs Schearer, may I ask you some
questions?
Mrs S
Oh, all right then.
Reporter When did lvlarie meet lv]arcus?
Mrs S When she was only 13 years old.
Reporter When did she leave home?
Mre S When she was I 6.
Reporter Where was the wedding?
Mre S
ln Gretna Green.
Reporter Why weren't you there?
Mrs S Because we didn't know an)4hing about itl
Reporter How did you find out about it?
Mrs S I saw a photograph of the wedding ln
the papers.
Reporter How did you feel?
Mrs S I was very angry and upset, of coursel
IVy only daughterl
Reporter What did you do?
Mrs S I shouted at Marcus' mother and pulled
her hair,
Reporter Did anyone try to stop you?
Mrs S lYarcus did, but I hit hlm, too.
ffi s.z
Sally Where are you from, Geoff?
Geoff Well, it's difficult to say really, because we
moved around a lot when I was a kid.
Sally Oh, why was that?
Geoff Well, basically because my parents
couldn't agree where to livel My father wanted
to live abroad. He liked warm climates, you
see. But my mother preferred Britain.
Sally Oh, I seel Where were you born then?
Geoff I was born ln South America, in Peru, but
grew up mostly in England. We left Peru when
was about four years old. lYy sister Bonnie was
two.
Sally Why did you leave?
Geoff Well, my grandfather was ill and my mother
didn't want to be so far away from him. So we
went to lvlanchester, in England,
Sally I bet your mum was happy about that,
Geoff Yes, but we didn't stay there very long. My
grandfather died and we went to the Far East
to Singapore.
Sally And how long did you stay there?
Geoff Oh, quite a long time for us nearly five
years. But then my dad lost his job, because his
company closed down.
Sally That was unlucky,
Geoff Yes, it was, because we all liked it there.
iapescripts
Anyway, we moved back to Britain, because my
father got a job in Scotland, but ...
Sally He didn't like it. Right?
Geoff Right. lt was too fur north too cold, you
see. So after about six months we moved down
to South London, I was about ten by this time.
Sally Good heavens! And how long did you stay
there?
Geoff Oh, that was the last stop. I started
secondary school, you see, so we stayed there
till I left school and went to university, But soon
after that, my parents moved,
Sally Where did they go this time?
Geoff Well, my sister got married and went to live
in Australia. So my parents followed, Lots of
sunshine there.
Sally And where are they now?
Geoff Oh, they're still there.
Sally And when did you come to Canada?
Geoff Oh, about two years ago, when I got a
place at the universiiy. But, anyway, ihat's my
life story. What about you? Where are you from?
Sally Well, my life seems a bit boring after that. I
was born in . ..
ffi s.s
It was 1 963 and Rodney Fox was in the sea otf the
coast of South Austalia. lt wm the annual spear-
fishing championship. Fox did well that day. He
caught a lot offish and he tied them to a small buoy.
There was a rope from the buoy to his belt.
Near the end of the day, he looked down and saw a
iarge fish on the sand below him. He dived down to
get it. Suddenly sornething hit him, lt knocked the
spear gun from his hand and pushed him through
the water. He looked round and saw that he was in
the mouth of a shark. lt w6 a great white shark, one
of the largest and most dangerous sharks in the
world.
Quickly he pushed his fingers into the shark's eyes.
The shark opened its mouth and Fox escaped,
swimming as fast as possible to the surface. He
thought he was safe, but when he looked down he
saw the shark's huge mouth just below him again.
So he kicked the shark's nose hard and it turned
away. But then it atlacked the fish on the buoy, lt
swallowed the buoy and the fish. lt dived down and
the rope on his belt pulled Fox under the water
aqain,
He thouqht that this was the end, He fought
desperately, but the big shark pulled him down and
down. Then suddenly the rope broke and Fox floated
slowly to the sudace, 'Sharkl Shark!' he called.
Other spear-fishers heard him and hurried to help
him. They lifted him carefully into a boat and took
him to the beach. The nearest hospital wm 60
ki ometres away and during the long journey one of
the spear-fishers held Fox's insides in place. At the
hospital he needed 462 stitches, but he suruived.
I
I ffi s.e
Three months later Fox was back ln the water. He
starled fishinq aqain and this time he only hunted
sharks. He wanted revenge. But he soon stopped,
and started to study them and photograph them
instead. He realized that they are not dangerous
animals. Dogs, bees and even pigs klll more people
than sharks do. But sharks are in danger from
people and the number of great white sharks is
falling fast. So Rodney Fox starled a campaign to
protect the great white shark. Today he takes
scientlsts and photoqraphers to see them.
ffi +.t
lf you arrive by train, our representative will meet
you at the station.
We'll co lect you from your home if you live in
I ondon.
133
Tapescripts

You'll have some tlme to relax if you're tired after States today for a week, so l'll drop you a line And I never got down to Cyprus or North Africa that
the journey, before I go, And l'll be in touch when I get back. winter. Oh well, you live and learn. lt's not an easy
lf you enjoy the show, we'll give you two free Bye, llfe in prison. But it's warm in winter, and the food's
tickets for your friends. Son Yo, Dad. l'm going out now and then we're not bad, And l'm meeting some interesting peopLe,
lf you want to meet the stars of the show, we'll going to a party tonight. So I don't know when There's a man from Georgla Boris, his name is, He
take you backstage, l'll be back. (Hey, stop it, look l'm talking io my comes from a place by the Black Sea. He's a great
Our limousine will take you for a city tour if you dad here.) Sorry about that, Dad, Anpvay, look, guy, When we get out of here, he and I are going
want to see London by night. l'm just ringing to say, will lt be all right lf I take down to Australia , ,, Brisbane perhaps, or Sydney.
We'll take you back to the hotel lf you don't want to the car? Thanks, Dad. Get a job on a ship, start a new life. Yeah, next year
go to a nightclub. will be OK.
lf you like dancing, you'll really enjoy the nightclub. El +.e
lf you have children, we'll arrange a nanny to look Part 1 E s.t
after them. The train crossed into Bulgaria at two o'clock jn the 1 Lead is heavier than iron, but gold is the
lf you want to do some shopping, you'll have time morning. Then it stopped and suddenly there were a heaviest.
to go to the shops on Saturday lot of policemen on the traln. 2 The Earth ls further from the Sun than Venus,
'What's happening?' I said in ltalian to the old man but Mars is the furthest,
El +.2 next to me. 3 Chrlstianity is an older rellgion than lslam, but
-on endings -lsh endings 'l don't know,' he said, Buddhism is the oldest,
America American England English Then two policemen came into our carriage, a tall 4 Canada is bigger than China, but Russla is the
Hungary Hungarian Turkey Turkish thin one and a short fat one, They looked at biggest,
Germany German Scotland Scottish everybody carefully ... and then they looked at me 5 A jet engine is more powedul than a diesel
Italy ltallan lreland lrish again. engine, but a rocket engine is the most
Argentina Argentinian Poland Pollsh 'Come with us, please,'the fat policeman said in powerful,
Belgium Belgian Denmark Danlsh English. 6 Rio de laneiro is closer to the equator than
Morocco Moroccan Spain Spanish 'What? Me?' I said. 'Why? What's the matter?' Cairo, but Singapore is the closest.
Russia Russ an
Nomay Nomegian
'ls this your bag?' the tall policeman asked,
I began to ask a question, but policemen never like
ffi s.z
Egypt Egyptian questions from young men, So I stayed quiet and
1 Which is the highest mountain in the world?
Austria Austrian Mount Everest
went with them.
Brazil Brazilian ln the station building there were a lot more
2 Which is the biggest island in the world?
Mexico lvlexican Greenlond
policemen, and some people from the train. They
Korea Korean were a1l young people, I saw, Some were afraid,
3 Which elephant has bigger ears, the African or
the lndian elephant? the Africon
some were bored. The police looked in everybody's
-ese endings -i endings 4 Which country has the argest population in
bags, and then the people went back to the train.
Japan Japanese lraq lraqi the world? Chlna
My two policemen took me to a tab e. 'Your
Portugal Poriuguese lsrael lsraeli 5 Which animal is faster, a cheetah or a lion?
passport, please,' the fat pollceman said, 'and open
Chlna Chinese Paklstan Pakistani o cheetah
your bag.'
lrregular They looked at my passport and began to ook
6 Which is the most ancient monument in the
wor)d? the Pyromids
France French through my bag,
the Netherlands Dutch 'Ahal' the tall policeman said suddenly. All my dirty
7 Which is the most intelligent animal in the
wor)d? Aport from human beings, the
Thailand Thai shirts and clothes were out on the table,
chimponzee, but whales, dolphins ond orong-
Greece Greek
Paft 2 utans are also very intelligent.
El 4.3 The policeman picked up my bag and turned it over,
El s.s
Hello, Waterman lnternational. Mr Waterman's office, Onto the table, out of my bag, fell packet after
Who are the best drivers? Whlch drivers are the
l'm afraid there's nobody in the office at the moment, packet of American dollars. Nice, new dollars. Fifty
safest on the roads? According to a recent suruey,
but if you leave your name and number, lVr Waterman dollar notes in big packets. A lot of money.
young and inexperienced drivers are the most likely
will get back to you as soon m possible. Please lvly mouth opened, and stayed open.
to have an accident, Older drivers are more careful,
speak after the tone. Thank you. '50,000 ... 10O,OOO ... 1 5O,OOO ... there's
Gender makes a difference, too. Young men have
Peter Oh, hi, Jack, Thls is Peter here. Look, l'm 2OO,O00 dollars here,'the tall policeman said. 'What
the worst accident records of all, They are generally
phoning about the results of that Dutch project. an interesting bag, Mr Tom Walsh.'
more aggressive than older drivers. They also
They look interesting, Anyway, l'll put them in 'But it's not my bagl'l shouted.
choose faster cars with blgger engines, One of the
the post. OK? Bye. There was a big happy smile on that policeman's
most lnteresting facts in the survey is that
Wife Hello, darling. l'm afraid I'm still in France. face. 'WelL,' he said, 'it's got your name on it. Lookl'
passengers have an etfect on the driver. When
lvly meeting is taking longer than I expected. I So I looked, and of course there was my name, and
young male drivers have thelr friends in the car,
probably won't be back till tomorrow, But l'm yes, of course it was my bag, So how did 200,000
their drivlng becomes worse. When their wife or
sure you'll be OK without me for just one more American dollars get into my bag?
girlfriend is in the car, however, thelr driving is
night, Anyway, l'll give you a ring thls evening. 'You cannot bring US dollars into the country,'the
better, But the opposite is true for women. Their
Will you be in? l'll try about bedtime, Bye, fat policeman said.
driving is more dangerous when their husband or
Sarah Jones Hello, Mr Waterman. This is Sarah 'But I didn't bring them,' I said quickly. 'They're not
boyfriend is in the carl
.lones. l'm afraid l'm stuck in a traffic jam on the my dollars, I never saw them before in my life, and '
M25, so I probably won't be there til about half There was a lot of noise in the station, I looked out El s.+
past two. I hope that won't be too late. l'll give of the window and saw my train. Slowly, it began to Assistant Can I help you?
you the number of my mobile in case you want move. Customer Yes, how much are these T-shifts?
to call me back. lt's 0860 63927A. Thank you. 'Heyl' I shouted, 'that's my train ' Assistant They re f1 2.50 each.
Goodbye, The tall policeman laughed. Customer I like this one, but it lsn't big enough,
Dennis lack? Dennls. l'm just returning your call. 'Oh no,' he said. 'You're not getting back on that Have you got it in a larger size?
1'm working at home this afternoon, so can you train, You're staying here with us, in our beautiful Assistant lust a minute. No, l'm sorry, we haven't.
phone me there? That's 577 9a9a. country,' he smiled, happily. What about the black one?
Mother Oh, er lack, dear. Oh, it's your mother, Customer No, lt's too dark, l'd prefer something
erm er l, oh, I hate these silly machines, l, oh it Part 3
lighter.
doesn't matter. So I never got to Sofia on Saturday, I was very
unhappy about that. I wanted to have a little talk
Assistant How about this blue one?
Teresa Hello, Jack. This is Teresa. I just wanted to Customer Yes, that's nice. I'll take lt.
talk to you about the new advets, As you're not with Melanie and Carol, ask them one or two
questions, you know. You're a nice guy, Tom. See
Assistant Any,thing else?
there, I'll have a chat with the agency this Customer No, that's all, thank you.
morning, Should be interesting. l'm off to the
you in Sofio, OK?.Toke you to the best restourant in
Assistant Tra-s fI2 50 rhe', please.
towr, Yeah, Great.
Customer Here you are.

't34
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, 1: rr:: ;,,1',' rrlil:iifr
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Tapescripts

Assistant Thank you. That's !7.50 change.

El o.t Robin lt was nearLy ten years ago, so I was about
Customer T^ank you. Goodbye. 22. I was worklng as a builder at the time and I
One afternoon I went upstairs to have a bath. As I
was also the singer with a band in my free time.
Eo-l < c was gettlng into the bath, the telephone rang in the
Anyway, we were building some houses near
'l Customer How much is this jacket? hal, I was expectlng an important caL, so I ran
Farnham in Suney. lt was about half past ten in
downstalrs. There was nobody e se at home, so I
Assistant lt's €62, the morning and most of the other men were
didn't qet dressed again. However, while I was
Customer Have you got lt in brown? having their tea break. They were llstenlng to
standing in the hall with nothlng on, I heard voices
Assistant Let me see. Yes, here you are. the radio. I was working on the roof of one of
outslde the front door. lt was my teenage daughter
Customer Yes, yes, that looks fine, l'll take it. the houses, There was another guy near me. He
and her friends, but I couldn't get back upstairs in
As,sistant Thank you. Anything else? was painting the w ndows of the next house.
Customer No, thank you, that's all. time. I put down the phone, ran lnto the living room
Well, as I said, I sang with a band ln my free
2 Assistant Can I help you? and hid behind the curtains. Unfortunately, the
time and we'd made a record, called Wild ane.
Oh, no, thank you. l'm on y looking,
wlndow cleaner was cleaning the living room
Customer None of the other guys at work knew about lt.
windows. When I suddenly appeared, the poor man
Assistant OK. Let me know if you need any Anyway, t came on the radio. The man palnting
help. fell off his ladder. Forlunately, when my daughter
the wlndows said, 'Great. I think this record's
Customer Thank you. and her friends heard the noise, they ran outside.
stunning. f it doesn't reach number one, I' eat
When I looked out of the window, they were helping
3 Assistant Can I he p you? my paint brush.' I felt very excited when he said
Customer Yes, l'd like to try these shoes ln a the window cleaner. So I went upstairs and put on a
that, but I didn't say an)'thing. But then when the
ci-a / dressing gown. Luckily the window c eaner wasn't
^t^-.a record finished the Dl came on and said, 'There,
Assistant Yes, just a moment. ... l'm sorry 'un. bLT ir was all very embarrassing.
straight nto the charts this week at number 1 1
but we've on y got them in a four and a half.
Do you warl Io Iry lter 01?
El e.z is Wild One'.
Conversation 1 Presenter And what dld you do?
Customer Erm, yes, alrght. .,. No, I'm afraid Robin Well, that was enough for me. I climbed
Tourist Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get
they're too big. down the ladder. L gave my bag of tools to the
to the station, please?
Assistant Would you ke to try an),thing else? other guys and said, 'Here, you can have these.
Passer-by The station. Let me see .,, Oh yes, Go
Customer No, I'l leave it. Thanks anyway. l'm off.'And I left, Two weeks later our record
down this road. Take the second, no, the third
Assistant Thank you. hlt number one and we had several more hits
turning on the left. That's Canning Street.
4 Customer Excuse me. Cou d I try these jeans
Tourist CanningStreet? aft-^r that.
on, please? Presenter So a normal day became the starl of
Passer-by Yes. Go along Canning Street and carry
Assistant Cerla - y. -he cna-ging ,oons a.e an exciting new life for Robin. For Katherine lt
on until you come to the second set of traffic
' or er rhere.
lights. Turn rlght there and you'll see a bridge in was also the start of a new life, but .. .
Customer Thank you. Katherine Oh yes, it was a normal day - a very
front of you. Don't go under the bridge. The
Assistant Are they a L rlght? norma day. Thal was the problem, lt was two
station is on the left just before it.
Customer No, l'm afraid they're too tight. years ago now about eight o'clock in the
Tourist So that's down here and take the third
Have you got them in a larger size? evening.
turning on the left.
Assistant Yes, here you are, Presenter What were you doing?
Passer-by Yes, then carry on a ong there ...
Customer Thank you. Katherine We were sittlng in the lving room. My
Tourist Till I come to some traffic lights.
Assistant Are they any betler? husband was sitting in an armchair, He was
Passer-by To the second set of traffic lights. It's
Customer Yes, they're fine, l'll take them. reading the paper, as he aways did. I was
a big crossroads and there's a BP garage on the
How much are they? sitting on the sofa. I was knitting, Our daughter
corner, You can't m ss it.
Assistant They're €34, was expecting a baby, you see - our first
Tourist So to the second set of traffic lights, then
5 Customer Could have this jumper, please?
turn r ght? grandchild - and I was knitting a little cardlgan
Assistant Ceftainly. Anything else?
Passer-by Yes, turn right and the entrance to the for it. Yellow, it was. There was a qulz show on
Customer Yes, have you got any grey tights? the TV. lt was Strlke it Lucky. lsn't t nteresting
station ls just before the bridge - between the
Assistant Are these OK? how you remember these details? But we
bridge and the garage, in fact.
Customer No, they aren't dark enough.
Tourist And how far is lt? weren't really watching it.
Assistant What about these?
Passer-by Oh, it's a good ten minutes'walk. Presenter And what happened?
Customer Ots yes. rhey ll oe 5ne. Katherine Wel , as I said, we were just having a
Tourist Thank you.
Assistant ls that all? norma evening at home, when suddenly my
Customer Yes, thank you, Conversation 2 husband put down hls newspaper and said, 'l'm
Assistant Well, that's €22.90 altogether then, Tourist Excuse me. Can you teli me where the sorry, but I can't stand this any longer. I'm tota y
please. George Hotel is? bored with our marriage. I don't love you and
First passer-by No, l'm sorry, love. l'm a stranger
El s.e here myself.
want a divorce.'
Presenter How did you feel?
You've got whdt it tokes Tourist Excuse me, Do you know where the
You don't drive a big, fast car.
Katherine Well, was stunned. I dldn t know what
George Hotel is? to think or feel.
You don't ook like a movie star,
Second passer-by The George? Yes, of course. Presenter What did you do?
And on your money we won't get far.
It's in Carlton Square opposite the clock tower. Katherine I didn't do anlthing, lt's funny but I just
But baby,
Tourist How do I get there? carried on with the cardigan. But my husband
You've got what it takes
Second passer-by Oh, it's quite easy to find. Turn went upstalrs and packed a suitcase. When he
To satlsfy.
left here just past the zebra crossing. Then go came downstairs I was still knitting, ljust couldn't
You've got what lt takes
straight on for about a hundred yards and you'll be ieve what was happening. He said, 'l'm
To set my soul on fire,
come to Carlton Square on your right. When you leaving,' and I said, 'Would you like a cup of tea
Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa yeah
turn into the square, you'11 see the c ock tower, first?' I don't know why I said that. lt just came
You've got what it takes for me,
and the George Hotel is on the right next to the out automatically, Anyway, he just said, 'Oh my
Now you don't live in a beautiful place.
post office. Godl ls that all you can say?' I wanted to talk
And you don't dress in the best of taste,
Tourist Thank you very much. about it, but he wasn't interested. He just p cked
And nature didn't give you such a beautiful face
Second passer-by Oh, not at al . I think the hotel up h s suitcase and left.
But baby,
car park is behind the hotel, by the way, Presenter Finaly we come to David's story,
You've got what it takes. ,.
Tourist Oh, thank you, David is a bank manager,
Now when you're near me
David Oh yes, I can remember it as if it was
Oo-ee El e.s
yesterday. I was at work at the time - at the
My head goes round and round, Presenter ln this week's edition of /t wos o
bank, I was having a meetlng with my statf. We
And when you kiss me normal doy we hear stories from Rob n,
were a sitting around the big table in my office.
Oo-ee Katherine and David. They tell us about
It was a rather boring meeting, but most
My love comes tumbling down. normal days which became very unusual days,
meetings are, I suppose. Anyway, while Sarah
You send me. First Robin's story.

135
Tapescripts
Harvey, the assistant manager, was speaking, my
secretary came in and said, 'There's a phone call
for you.' Well, normally my secretary doesn't
interrupt meetings for phone calls. She takes a
message, So I was surprised when she came in.
'lt's your wife,' she said. 'She says it's urgent,' I
was rather worried at this. [v]y wife doesn't panic
emily.
Presenter What did you do?
David
I went into the secretary's office and I
picked up the phone. lVy wife answered, but
immediately a man's voice came oh the line. He
said, 'We've got your wife and children here,
Listen and follow my instructions and they'll be
all right.' I was shocked, but I listened to the
instructions.'ln ten minutes' time,' he said,'a
man in a green jumper will come into your bank.
Give him all the money from the safe, When he
telephones me, we'll release your family.'And
then he put the phone down.
Presenter What did you do?
David Well, I just did as he said. I had no choice.
It was very worrying at the time, but everyone
was all right in the end, The police found some
of the money, but they never caught the men,
ffi z.z
Martin Hello, lnge Lindstrom?
lnge Yes.
Martin l'm Martin Clay, l'm sorry l'm a bit late.
Have you been he'e long?
lnge No, just a few minutes, The piane was early.
Martin Did you have a good flight?
lnge Yes, it was fine, thanks,
Martin Well, l've parked in the multi-storey, so we
need to take the lift over there. Here, let me take
your suitcase.
lnge Thank you.
Martin Have you ever been to Manchester before?
lnge No, l've been to London, but this is my first
visit to the norlh of England.
Martin So you haven't seen the real England yet?
lnge 'The real England'? Oh, no, I haven't, just
London,
Martin When were you in London?
Inge About three years ago now.
Martin Was that on business?
lnge No, it was a holiday.
Martin Oh, I see, Now, have you eaten?
Inge I had something on the plane, but it wasn't
very good, so I didn't eat much,
Martin OK, well l've booked you into the Park
Hotel. So l'll drop you there. Then l'll come back
in about half an hour and we can go for a meal.
lnge That sounds fine. Thank you,
Martin ls everything OK wlth your room?
lnge Yes, thank you.
Martin OK, well, now what about something to
eat? Have you ever tried lndian food?
lnge No, I haven't,
Martin Well it's very hot, you know, spicy, Do you
Iike hot food?
lnge l'm not sure, but l'll give it a try ..,
Martin Good. There's a new lndian restaurant
near here, I tried it a couple of weeks ago and
it's very good. lt's called the Bombay.
Martin How was the meal?
lnge Delicious. But you were right, lt w6 very hot.
Martin Well, not too hot, I hope. Erm, have you
seen the programme for your visit?
lnge Yes, I received a copy last week, but I've left
it at the hotel,
-lhat's
Martin OK. l've got another one here. I
haven't planned anlthing for the weekend yet.
What would you like to do?
lnge I haven't really thought about it.
136
Martin Have you heard of the Lake District?
lnge Oh yes. l've always wanted to go there. We
studied William Wordsworth's poems at school.
Martin Right, well we'll try the lakes on Saturday
then. What about .. .
El z.s
When he left school, Maimilian also started work on
the fumily farm. But he soon became bored. Country
life wasn't for him. And so at the age of 18 he left
the village, He's only been back three times since
then. He went to Buenos Aires and there he got a
lob on a ship that w6 sailing to the USA. On the
ship he met a rich American businessman. He liked
lYaximilian and offered him a job, Maimilian learnt
quickly and in the next ten years he made a lot of
money on Wall Street, He became a millionaire
when he was only 25. Since then he has been part
of the international jet set. He's had three wives.
When he was 30 he married a beautiful model, but
she died two years later in a car crash. His second
and third marriaqes both ended in divorce. For the
last ten years he has lived alone in his luxury villa in
the Bahamas. His family life has not been happy.
Two yeare ago his son went to prison. One of his
two daughters has become a drug addict. He's been
on television several times and the newspapers have
followed his life closely, For the whole of his life he
has loved to travel. He's visjted almost every
country in the wodd. 'Yes, I've made a lot of money.
l've been everywhere and l've done eveMhing, But
has it mademe happy? Not really, Now look at my
brother, Emilio, For seventy years his life hasn't
changed at all. But he's happy, Yes, Emilio is a
happy man,'
ffi e.s
Waiter Good afternoon,
CustomeilI Have you got a table for two, please?
Waiter This way, please,
Waiter The menu.
Customer I Thank you,
Waiter The soup of the day is leek and potato.
Would you like an aperitif while you're deciding?
Customer 1 Yes, please A mineral water for me.
Waiter Still or sparkling?
Customer 1 Sparkling, please.
Customer 2 And l'll have a gin and tonic, please.
Waiter Thank you.
Waiter A mineral water and a gin and tonic. Are
you ready to order?
Customer 2 Yes, Could I have the melon and the
halibut, please?
Waiter Would you like salad or vegetables,
French frjes or a jacket potato with the halibut?
Customer 2 Salad and a.jacket potato, please.
Customer I And l'll have the soup followed by
the lamb chops. And l'd like that with salad and
French fries, please.
Waiter Thank you. Would you like wine with the
meal?
Customer 1 Yes, couid we have a bottle of
house red, please?
Waiter Thank you.
Waiter The halibut?
Customer 2 Yes. That's for me, please,
Waiter And the Iamb chops. Enjoy your meal.
Customer 1 Thank you.
CustomeilI How's the halibut?
Customer 2 Fine. What about your lamb?
Customer l Delicious,
Waiter ls ever).thing all right?
Customer 1 Yes, thank you. Could we have two
more glasses of mineral water, please?
Waiter Certainly, right away.
Waiter Would you like any dessert?
CustomerI Well, I'm full, What about vou?
Customer 2 Not for me, thanks. But I'd like a cup
of coffee.
Customer 1 And l'll have a tea, please.
Waiter So that's one cotfee and one tea,
Customer 1 Yes, and could I have the bill, please?
Waiter Did you enjoy your meal?
CustomeilI Yes. thal\ yo-. h was verice.
Could I have a receipt for the bill, please?
Waiter Of course. Here you are.
CustomeilI Thank you.
@l s.z
What do your answers to the questionnaire mean?
Write what you must add or subtract in the boxes.
I lf you're a man subtract 3 years and if you're a
woman add 4 years.
2 lf you're between 30 and 39 years old add 2
years; if you're between 40 and 59 add 3 years;
between 50 and 69 add 4 years.
3/4 Towns and cities are unhealthy places, If you
iive in a large town or city take off 2 years, but if
you live in a village or in the country, add 2 years.
5/6 Married people live longer, Take off three
years if you live on your own, but you can add 5
years if you live with a partner.
7/8 Education is good for you. Add 1 year for a
university degree and another 2 years for a
postgraduate qualifi cation.
9 lf you sit down most of the day, subtract 3 years.
I O Add 2 years if you exercise for at least 20-30
minutes3timesaweek.
'I I lf you spend more than 1 O hours a day asleep,
take off 4 years.
1 2 lf you're happy add a year. lf you're unhappy
subtract 2 years.
I 3 lf you're relaxed add three years. Subtract three
years if you're quick-tempered and aggressive,
l4 Don't smoke if you want a long life, Subtract 3
years for up to 1 0 cigarettes a day, 4 years for 1 0
to 20, 6 years for up to 40 and 8 years for more
than 40. lf you're a non-smoker, but you live with a
smoker, take off I year.
1 5 Three glasses of wine or beer a day are OK for
men, 2 are OK for women. lf you drink more than
this, take off a year.
16 Ovemeight? lf you're up to 15 kilos too heavy
subtract 2 years, 1 6-25 kilos take off 4 years.
'17 Long life runs in families, Add 2 years for each
grandparent over 80 years old now or when they
died,
l8 Some diseases are hereditary, too. Take off
three years if anyone in your close family (brothers,
sisters, parents, grandparents) has or had heaar
rrouble. Take o{ anotl-er year rf aryone r yo-r
family died under the age of 50,
To calculate your life expectancy, start with an
average age ol 72 years. Then add or subtract the
numbers.
ffi s.t
How honest are you? This is what our psychologist
says about the answers,
Question l: What would you do if you found some
money? Give yourself two points for b: l'd toke it to
a police stdtion and one point for c.
Question 2: lf somebody tried to sell you a stolen
video recorder, would you buy it? Give yourself two
points for c and one point for a,
Question 3: lf your friend tried to steal something
from a shop, what would you do? Two points for c
and one for b.
Question 4: lf you couldn't afford your car
insurance, what would you do? Give yourself two
points for a: the cor would stay in the goroge until I
had enough money. And one point fot c: I wouldn't
drive it except in an emergency.

Question 5: lf a shop assistant gave you too much
change, what wou d you do? Two po nts for c and
one for b.
How did you score? Seven to nlne points shows a
very honest person. Four to s x points ls OK you
are about average. Less than four points well,
you're not very honest, are you? And f you scored
ten points - you must be joklng. You obvious y
didn't answer this quiz honestlyl
Seriously, though, for most people a lot would
depend on the circumstances. For example, a ot of
peop e would keep money that they tound jn the
street if it wasn't very much, But if they found a lot
of money ln a wa let, they would take it to the
police station,
And some people would buy stolen goods if they
came from a shop or tactory, but they wou dn't buy
them if they knew they were stolen from someone's
h ouse
iEi or
Receptionist Cood eve-:ng. s,.
Guest Good evenlng. Do you have a reservation
in the name of Jones, please?
Receptionist Just a mlnute, s r. Yes, here we are.
lYr A an Jones. Would you like a single room or a
double, Mr.iones?
Guest l'd prefer a double, if you've got one.
Receptionist And how many nights are you
staying?
Guest Three.
Receptionist Flne. Well, could you just fill in the
registration form and sign it at the bottom,
p ease?
Guest Yes, ceftalnjy.
Receptionist And how do you want to settJe the
bit ?
Guest By credit card, if that's all right.
Receptionist Yes, of course. Could I just take an
imprint of the card, slr?
Guest Yes, here you are.
Receptionist Thank you. And w ll you require a
newspaper and a wake-up ca in the morning?
Guest Yes, l'd like Ihe Times and a ca I at 7.30,
please.
Receptionist 7,30. Very good, sir, Here's your
key. Your room number is 429. The I ft is over
there. Do you need any help with your uggage?
Guest No, thank you. l've on y got a small
suitcase.
Receptionist Well, enjoy your stay.
Guest Thank you.
El g.z
Smart shopping, Would t be a good thing? Well, et's
conslder some of the advantages and disadvantages,
The supermarkets thlnk that t would be a good
thing. it would be quicker and there wou d be no
queues at the checkouts. They also think that prices
would come down, because they wouldn't need
checkout assistants. So they would save money. Of
course, the checkout ass stants wouldn't I ke that.
They'd lose their jobs.
But would the stores real y need fewer people? They
wouldn't need checkout assistants, but they'd need
techn cians to look after and repalr the machlnes.
And technicians earn more money than checkout
assistants, The shops would also need more security
guards and they'd need asslstants to help customers
when there were problems,
What about the shoppers? What would happen if you
put somethlng back on the shelves? What would
happen lf a child put extra things in the trolley or ran
the pen over Lots of things on the she ves? Would
people really trust the computers? You can watch an
assistant and you can argue with an assistant, but
you can't with a computer. And what wou d happen
if there was a power cut?
Finally, what about security? The stores bel eve that
the security arches would stop shoplifters. But how
would shoppers feel about the arches? lf you just
forgot to scan something ln the trolley, the a arm
would ring when you went through the arch.
Everyone in the store would ook at you. Wouldn't
that be a blt embarrassing?
Smaft shopping sounds very simple, but wou d it
need smart shoppers?
El to.t
Husband This year, Karen, l'm go ng to g ve up
smoking. lt won't be easy. But 'm not going to
touch another cigarette.
Wife You won't g ve up, You make a resolutlon
every year, but you never keep it.
Friend I know, l'11 qive up, too. Then we can keep
an eye on each other.
Husband Greatidea,]ohn,
Wife Hmm.
February
Husband lt's aL right. We won't have any more.
Friend Mm, no, we won't . ., ,
A year later
Wife Happy New Year, Mike, Are you go ng to
break your New Year's resolution aga n this year?
Husband No, this year l'm going to keep it.
Wife And why is this year different?
Husband Because this year l'm going to stop
making New Year's reso utionsl
El to.z
husband's going to go on a diet.
IVly
He lsn't going to drlnk so much beer.
'm go ng to take more exerclse,
l'm not going to work so hard,
My son's going to have a halrcut.
He isn't golng to watch so much TV.
Ivly daughter's golng to tidy her bedroom.
She isn't go ng to ta k on the phone for hours,
We're going to be nicer to each other,
We aren't going to argue with each other.
El to.a
How many calories can you burn in one hour? Well,
it all depends on the activ ty.
You use calorles all the time, even when you are
resting, Readlng, sleeping, sittlng and sunbath ng all
use about 60 calories an hour.
Very I ght activltles use 75 calories, Examples are
eating, writing, knitt ng, shaving, driving and washing
up.
Light activit es which use about I 00 calories an
hour lnc ude playing the plano, gettlng dressed and
having a shower.
Under moderate actlv ties which use between 1 O0
and 2OO calories an hour we can put walking, doing
housewor<. slopp ^g and skat ng
Energetic actlvities use 2OO-4OO calories. These
inc ude horse riding, cycling, sw mming, skipping
and dancing.
Flna y there are strenuous actlv ties wh ch use up to
600 calorles an hour. These act vities inc ude
cl mbing stairs, jogging, digging the garden and
play ng football,
tEl 10.4
,IA What are we going to do today?
B I don't know, Do you fancy going to the
beach?
A No, not really, I don't thlnk it's warm enough
But we could go for a picn c in the country,
B Yes, that's a good idea. Where shal we go?
A Why don't we go to that p ace by the rlver?
You know, we went there with your friend
from Spa n.
Tapescripts
B Oh, yes, that'll be n ce. And how about
lnvting Diane and Peter?
A Sure, Do you th nk you could give them a
ring? l'll get some things ready
B OK.
2A Let's go out for a mea tonlght.
B OK. Where?
A The Red Dragon?
B lrlmm. We went there last time, l'd rather try
somewhere d fferent.
A Well, what about try ng that new ltallan place
near the station what's it called?
B Mario's. Yes, people say t's pretty good. Shal
I book a table tor nine o'c ock?
A lt's all right, I don't mind doing it. Could you
pass the phone book?
B Here you are.
A Thanks.
3 A Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?
B No, I don't fancy go ng out. l'm a bit tired.
A Oh, OK. Well, why don't we hire a video?
B Yes, OK, but wou d you mind golng to get t?
l'm just going to have a bath.
A No, I don't mind. enloy seeing what they've
got. What do you fancy?
B Oh anything - but nothing too serious, And
why don't you bring a couple of pizzas back
with you?
A Good dea. OK, see you later.
El to.g
lnterviewer 'Pleasure is the beg nning and the
end of I ving happily.' Those are the words of
the Greek philosopher Epicurus, who lived
2,3OO years ago. People have a ways tr ed to
find pleasure and today we have many more
p easures than the Ancient Greeks had. And yet
we still don't know a iot about this impoftant
pad of life. Here in the studio is Dr Jonathan
Shamberg. Good evening, Dr Shamberg.
Dr Shamberg Good evening. lt's a pleasure to be
here,
lnteruiewer Yes, ndeed. Well, what thlngs give
people most p easure?
Dr Shamberg We don't all enjoy the same things
Pleasure means different things to different
people, Some people get pleasure from .jumping
out of aeroplanes or drivlng at 2OO kph For
others pleasure comes from relaxing in a hot
bath or playing with children. Doing a crossword
or repairing the car give other peop e pleasure
lnterviewer What's the purpose of p easure?
Why does it ex st?
Dr Shamberg Well, if pleasure didn't exist, we
wouldn't exist, Pleasure is important for human
survival. lf we want to suryive, we have to do
three things - eat, have children, and get on
with each other. lf these th ngs give p easure,
we want to do them, So we suryive. That's why
we qet so much pleasure from food, being in
love, and socializing.
lnteruiewer But what ls p easure?
Dr Shamberg Pleasure is a chemical reaction in
the brain. When we do someth ng that we enioy,
endorphlns and noradrenaline are produced
These stlmulate pleasure centres in the brain,
Interviewer And is pleasure good for you?
Dr Shamberg Oh yes. The happier you are ihe
onger you will ive. But it isn't the great
moments of pleasure that are mportant. Happy
peop e enjoy the ordinary everyday thlngs of life,
like cook ng a meal, going for a wa k or chatting
w th a friend.
lnterviewer I see. Well, let's talk some more
about your research into p easure ,,,
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El ro.ro Telephonist One moment, p ease. l'm sorry, the

ne's engaged. Would you lke to hold?
up when it entered the atmosphere. But not all of it
was destroyed. Large pleces were scaliered across
California dreaming
Ray Porter Yes, OK. l'll hang on, the lndian Ocean. Australia was hit by some
Al the leaves are brown,
And the sky is qrey.
Telephonist l'm sorry to keep you, l'm afraid the fragments. Fortunately nobody was hurt. A lot of
line's still busy. the pieces were found by Austrailan farmers. The
l've been for a waLk
Ray Porter Well, can I eave a message for her? p;eces we,e sold lor very ] gh prces.
On a winter's day.
Telephonist Just one moment, please. l'm just
l'd be safe and warm
lf I was in LA.
puttlng you through to her secretary, El tz.z
Man Hello, Sales Depaftment. 1A Peter and I are getting married.
California dreaming B Congratulatlonsl When's the happy day?
Ray Porter Hello. Could i leave a message for
On such a winter's day, 2A l've got an lntervlew for a job today.
Kathy Seaton, please?
Stopped into a church Man l'm sotry. I think you've got the wrong B Good luckl 1'll keep my fingers crossed for you.
I passed along the way, extension. .lust one moment, please. 3A lohn can't play today t seems he's had an
We , I got down on my knees Telephonist Hello.Switchboard. accident,
And I began to pray. Man Could you transfer this call to Kathy Seaton B Oh dear. t's nothing serlous, I hope.
You know the preacher likes the cold, please? 4A Did you know Tony and Rosie have split up?
He knows l'm gonna stay. Telephonist R ght, l'm just putting you through B Oh, really? When did that happen?
Cal fornia dreaming now. 5A I won the go d medal in the race.
On such a wlnter's day. Secretary Hello, extension 233, Kathy Seaton's B Wel donel I knew you could do it.
offic-^. 6A l'm expecting a baby,
All the leaves are brown, B That's wonderful newsl When's it due?
Ray Porter Hello. My name's Ray Porter. Could
And the sky is grey. 7A I'm afrald I failed my driving test,
leave a message for Kathy, please?
l've been for a walk B Oh well, never mlnd. Better luck next t mel
Secretary Cerlainly, Vlr Porter.
On a winter's day. 8A Have you heard? Sue had her baby on
Ray Porter Could you tell her that l'm going to
1f I didn't tell her Saturday.
be in London next Tuesday? Can we get
I cou d leave today. B Oh wonderfull Was it a boy or a gir?
together for a meal?
Californla dreaming 9A Happy Birthday, lYummyl
Secretary Oh, l'm sorry, Mr Porter, but Mrs
On such a winter's day. B Thank you very much. How sweet of you.
Seaton is going to be in Japan a I next week.
El tt.r Mr Porter? Mr Porter? Strange. He's hung up.
El tz.s
Presenter The atest plctures of a member of the
royal fam ly have shocked many people, The
El tr.e Pure gold is rare, lt's been used for over 6,000
I Woman The most difficult event for me was the years, but there are still only about 1 1 O,OO0 tons in
photographer was lason Sau . He's a member of ihe world. lt is usually mixed with other metals, The
Wall. We had to climb this huge wall. lt's over 1O
the paparazzl and he's with me now. How did propodion of gold is shown ln carats. Pure gold is
metres high. That was bad enough, but then after
you get these photographs? 24 carat and the cheapest is 9 carat. The word corot
I 0 seconds two of the G adiators followed us up
Jason Saul t wasn't easy. I couldn't get close to comes from the Greek word, kerotlon, which means a
the wall. They had to try and pull us off the wall
the house, so I had to use a very long lens. I
carob seed. These seeds were used to weigh gold
before we got to the top, Scorplo was chasing
was hiding ln a tree. I could see the who e and d amonds.
me and Jet was chasing the other contender. l
house from there but it wasn't veru comfodable Most gold today is found in South Africa (61 2 tons a
told myself: don't look down. I knew that if I

and it was cold, too.
Presenter How lonq did you have to wait?
Jason Saul Only a couple of days. For other
photos l've had to wait for several days, but this
time lwas lucky,
Presenter Some people say that you shouldn't do
this, because it isn't fair to the royal family,
2 Man I remember Hang Tough the best. I was
Jason Saul lt's parl of public life. lf you enloy the
good things, you have to accept the problems.
And ]f you don't want photos like this in the
magazines, you have to be more careful. They
didn't have to do it by the window.
Presenter Are you golng to try to get more
photos?
Jason Saul Wel, I won't be able to use the same
tree again, They've chopped it down. So l'l have
looked down and saw Scorpio, that would be the
end. So I had to climb and climb and ignore this
Gladiator behind me. But I did it. I reached the
top of the wall and I got ten points for that. The
other girl wasn't so lucky. Jet caught her and
pulled her off the wall.
against Saracen. He's rea ly good at this event. ln
Hang Tough there's a platform each side of the
arena. I was on one and Saracen was on the
other one, Between us there were sixty rlngs
about 1 2 feet off the ground, Anyway I had to
swing across the arena and get to Saracen's
piatform, He had to try and stop me. Well, I was
about halfway across when he caught me, He put
hls legs round me, but he dldn't pull me down.
year) and North America (459 tons a year), About
A3qa of it is used for jewellery. Of the rest about 9%
is used by industry, about 6% is used for coins and
ZVo is made lnto gold teeth. Gold is usually found in
very small pieces or'nuggets'. The largest nugget,
the Holtermann Nugget, was found in 1 872 in
Australia, lt weighed 214 kilograms.
The argest reserves of gold are he d in the USA in
the Federa Reserue Bank and Fort Knox, The second
biggest stores are held by the Bank of England and
the Bank of France. Not all of this gold belongs to
the governments of these countries. A lot of it is
owned by companies, other governments, and
lndividuas. When go d is bought and sold, it isn't
usually moved. Only the names on a piece of paper
are changed. The gold itself stays in the bank.
I

to find somewhere else. Or maybe l'll use the
money from these photos to buy a longer lens.
Then I' be able to take pictures from further
away and lwon't have to sit in an uncomfodable
tree.
El rr.z
Ray Porter Oh, I must phone Kathy Seaton and
tell her that I'm going to be in London next
week. Now where's the number? Ah, here we
are Nuffield Electronics, 0171 453 8972.
Telephonist Good morning. Nuffield Electronics.
lzly name's Tracy. How may I help you?
Ray Porter Oh, good morning Could I have
extension 233, please?
Telephonist One moment, please, i'm sorry,
caller, there's no reply,
Ray Porter Oh, OK. I'll try again later,
Ray Porter Well, let's try Kathy again.
hung on for the whole minute and so I scored
five po nts. That was the longest minute of my
whole life and l'm sure my arms were longer
aftemards, But ldid it. lscored five points
against Saracen. And that felt really greatl
3 Man Ah yesl Duel. That was the shortest event
for me. I was on a platform and Trojan was on
another platform. Now Tro]an s blg, and I mean
big with a capital B. We , we both had a big stick
called a pugil stlck - and we had to knock each
other off the platform or stay on the platlorm for
60 seconds. 60 seconds! I didn't last six seconds.
Trojan swung his stick and whoompf ) was on the
floor, lncredible.
Etr tz.t
ln 1973 a 75-tonne space statlon caled Skylab
was launched by the USA. Three crews of three
astronauts were sent to Skylab, but at the end of
The first gold coins were used in Turkey in 670 BC,
But gold has always been accepted as money
anywhere ln the world. Sai ors, for example, used to
wear a gold earing. lf they were shipwrecked, they
could pay to get home again. Gold is still given to
ri tarT pi ors for rhe same reasor.
People have always been fascinated by god. How
many crimes have been commilred and how many
lives have been lost for it? The gold of the Pharaohs
ws stolen from their tombs in the BTramids. The
lnca and Aztec empires were destroyed for gold.
Hundreds of men died in the jungles of South
America as they searched for the golden city of
Eldorado, n 1 849 thousands of people left the r
homes to join the California Gold Rush. Many were
kil ed by Indians, outlaws and disease.
El te.t
let's see, ln 1973, I'd finlshed school, but
V\ielL, I

Telephonist Good afternoon. Nuffield Electronics. I 974, lt was abandoned, Skylob stayed in space hadn't left home by then, l'd seen the Beatles of
My name's Tracy. How may I help you? unti 1 979. Then it fell out of its orbit and headed course - on the TV and n concert, too. And my
RayPorter Could I speak to Kathy Seaton, please? towards the Eadh, A lot of the space stat on burnt hair was still lovely and fair. lt hadn't turned greyl

134
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l'd had a boyfriend, too. We used to go dancing. I'd
started work by then ln a film laboratory. I hadn't
heard of Margaret Thatcher, of course, was so
surprised to hear about a womaf pr me m nlster.
hadn't been abroad, either. hadn't been anywherel
l'd had a favour te pop group They were ca led T.
Rex. I was so sad to hear that the lead slnger had
he was like a new man He was pleasant and
he pful, and treated Bearrande well. He also worked
hard on the farm. Berirande and lvlaftin now ved
I happily together and they soon had a daughter
Their happy llfe did not last long, however, While
lvlartin had been away, Sangxi had died, and
because Martln had disappeared, Pjere had
A An extra hour? l'd stay in bed onger, I hate
getting up.
B l'd leave work an hour earlier each day and l'd
spend more t me wth my family. Kids grow up
so qulcky and if you aren't careful you mlss it,
because you're working all the time.
C l'd get more exercise. thlnk 'd spend an hour n

died hadn't used a personal computer, of course.
They hadn't been inventedl
El te.z
'I Customer Fe to Could yo. give me sor e
informat on about fl qht times to lstanbul,
please?
Clerk When do you want to travel?
Customer I want to leave on 22 November
and return on December 3.
Clerk Well, on the 22nd there's a tlight at
1 2,25 That gets to stanbul at I 6.40
Customer Hmm. That's a bit late.
Clerk Well, there's an even ng flight on the
21st at 18.O5. lt arrives in lstanbu at 22.30.
Customer I see. What about the return flight?
Clerk Yes, what was the date again?
Customer 3 December.
Clerk There's a flight at 8 30 n the morning.
That arrives at 1 2,50.
Customer OK. We I, can book the flights on
the 21st and the 3rd then, please?
Clerk Cerlainly. What name is it, please?
2 Customer Hello. Have you got any seats
available on March 1 2 or April 5?
Clerk Let me see, No. l'm afra d 1 2 March is
fu ly booked, and 5 April ls fully booked, too.
Customer Oh dear.
Clerk We have some seats available on 1 0
lvlay or 1 7 May. Otherw se t's lune or luly.
Customer No, well, lthink 1O IVay is OK,
Clerk How many seats do you need?
Customer Three.
ClerkWell, we've got three seats in Row J . ..
3 Clerk Hello. Can I help you?
Customer Yes, 've got an appointment wth
Doctor Clark on 26 August, but l'm afraid I Beftrande got her lazy and bad-tempered husband
can't make it, Can I change it to another date,
p ease?
Clerk Hmm. We l, there's nothing left n Annette
Auqust now.
Customer That's all right. lt's only for a check-
up.
Clerk Can you come on 8 September at 3,30?
Customer Yes, that's fine.
Clerk What name is it, please?
El rs.e
The strange story of Martin Guerre
It was '1 538 and in the village of Aarigat in south-
west France there was a wedding. The brlde was
Bertrande de Rols and the bridegroom was lvlarlin
Guerre. They didn't love each other. The marriage
had been aranged by lvladln's father, Sangxi, in
order to unite the two richest famllies in the village.
The marriage was not a happy one. lvlaftin was a tal
and strong young man, but he was lazy and bad-
nherlted everything. Now that Marlln had returned, the gym each day, or swimming maybe. I'd like to
Pierre would have to give h m half of the inher tance be fitter, but I never find the time to do it.
€7,O00. Pletre and Marlin argued about the D 'm not sure really, L think l'd read more, I don't
money for three years. get t me to read al the thlngs that I should
Then one day Plerre received some strange
information, Someone said that he had seen Vlaftin
El r+.e
Guerre n Flanders. The vi laqe shoemaker was also
Annette Taxil
sure that Mart n's shoes were now three sizes
Taxi driver Where to, mlss?
smaller than before he had left. This was Pierre's
Annette The Carling Hotel, piease.
Taxi driver Certainly. Have you got any uggage?
chance. He went to court and c aimed that th s new
Marl n was not the real Martin Guerre.
Annette Yes, l've got th s suitcase.
Taxi driver Rlght. 'll just see to that. Now where
At the trlal some people (inc uding Martin's four
sisters) said that the new Martin was the real
are you staying aga n, miss?
Ivlartin, but other people sa d that he wasn't. Finally,
Annette The Carling Hotel in West Street.
Taxi driver R ght . .. A bit grey today, isn't it?
the ludge dec ded that he really was lvlartin, But that
was not the end of the story,
Annette Pardon?
Taxi driver t's a bit grey today, the weather. t's
El ts.z not very nice. You know. Dull.
!ndeed that was not the end of the story. When the Annette OL. see. \o, it sn'L ,e y rice
judge atthe tria had finaly declded that th s was Taxi driver St.ll al lcasr rl s1'T raini'g
the real l4artin, a man with a wooden eg came into Annette Yes, that's true,
the court. lt was the real Martin Guerre. And then Taxi driver
ls this your first tlme here?
the true story came out. Annette No This is my thlrd visit to Oxford.
When Vlartin had left the vil age, he had become a Tai driver A'e you tre," o- bus ^ess o'on
soldier n the Spanish army. He had been sent to holiday?
fight ln Flanders. There he had met a man ca led Annette On business, l'm afraid
Arnaud du Tiih, The two men looked very simiiar. Taxi driver How long are you staying?
They had become fr ends and lvlartin had to d Annette Oh, lust two days.
Arnaud al about his life in Ar1lgat, Then in a batte Taxi driver
Well, I hope you aren't in a hurry.
lVartin Guerre had been wounded n the leg, Arnaud Annette No, l'm not, Why?
had thought that he would die, so he had decided Taxi driver Well, the traffic's terible Thls s only
to take Vladin's place and get his money. But then my second run today,
he had fal en in love with Beftrande and had Annette Oh, real y?
dec ded to stay. Taxi driver There are just too many vehicles on
Vlad n, however, hadn't d ed and later he had heard the road,
aborrt the tria. And so Marlln returned to hls home, Annette Well, lthlnk most cities are the same.
Tui driver Where are you from, then?
back, Piere lost the f7,OOO And as for Arnaud? Annette l'm from Belgium
He was hanged in front of lvlartin Guerre's house. Taxi driver
Oh, yes. Whereabouts?
Near Brussels,
E] t+.t Taxi driver Oh right . .. Well, here we are. That's
OK, let's take a look at Kate's tlme og. What did she f8.25, please, miss.
do in her morning? She arr ved at work at 9,0O. Annette Here you are Keep the change,
While she was having a cup of coffee, lohn came in. Tai driver
Thanks a lot, mlss.
They talked about a ry programme that they had
watched the night before. At 9,1 5 Kate went to ffi t+.o
have a word with Fred about the meet nq the next Summertime Blues
day, but Fred wasn't there, so she walked back to l'm a-gonna raise a fuss, l'm a-gonna raise a ho ler,
her office. About working all summer lust to try to make a
After she had read the morning's post, she decided dollar.
to start work. But Amanda phoned. She was back Every time call my baby and try to make a date,
from her hoiiday, They chatted tjll 1 O.30. After the My boss says, 'No dice, son, You gotta work late.'
coffee break, Kate started work, but the computer Sometimes I wonder what 1'm a-gonna do,
wasn't working, so she phoned the englneer, Then But there ain't no cure for the Summerlime B ues.
she wa ked to the computer laboratory, but all the Wel , my mom and poppa told me, 'Son you gotta
computers were being used, so she returned to the make some money,
office, The computer engineer had arrived. He Jf you want to use the car to go driving next Sunday,'

tempered, and he treated Bertrande very badly, expla ned the problem, Kate started typing a etter Well I didn't go to work, ltold the boss I was sick.
lvlartin had half of the family's farm. Sangxi's at twe ve o'clock. At 1 2,30 she went to unch. 'Now you can't use the car, 'cos you didn't work a
brother, Pierre, had the other half But while Plere So what has Kate achieved ln her morn ng's work? lck.'
worked hard on his part of the farm, N4artin spent all ln four hours she has rea ly only done two things: Sometimes L wonder what 1'm a-gonna do,

his tlme with his fr ends in the village.
One day Sangxi caught his son n the barn, He was
stealing some of Pierre's produce, Sangxi was
furious, so the next day N4artin secretly left the
v lage. The family walted for news, but none came
Maftln Guerre had simply disappeared. Only Sangx
knew why
Then, elght years later, Martin suddenly returned. He
had changed a lot while he had been away. ln fact,
she's read the morning's post and she's typed a
letter. Not a lot for four hoursl
El t+.2
TMS consultant Now I believe that lf you use our
t me management techniques, you can save yourself
at east one hour a day. But there's no point in
saving an hour, f you then waste it So what would
you do wth that extra hour?
But there ain't no cure for the Summeftime B ues.
l'm gonna take two weeks, l'm gonna have a fine
vacation
l'm gonna take my problem to the United Nations.
Wel called my congressman and he said, 'No.
i'd like to he p you, son, but you're too young to
vote.'
Somet mes I wonder what l'm a-gonna do,
But there a n't no cure for the Summertime Blues.

139
Getting started
Grammar
chemistry /'kemrstri/
details /'di:ter1zl
female /'fi:merl/
to forget /fls'get/
insurance /rn' Jcrerens/
to introduce /mtre'dju:s/
language l'lrqgwt$l
krcal /'1eok1/
male /merl/
model /'modl/
occupation /,okju'perJr/
postcode /'psi-rstkscrd/
reason /'n:znl
surname /'ss:nerm/
vehicle /'vrokl/uselul /'iu:sfl/
Vocabulary
ceiling /'si:lr4/
coffee table /'kDfi ,terbl/
cupboard /'kabed/
floor /flc:(r)/
lid /hd/
mice /mars/
pencil sharpener /'pensl
,Jo:pne(r)/
piano /pr'enao/
plant /plo:nt/
sofa /'seofe/
toy /tctl
vase lvo'.2.1
video cassette /'vrdreo ke,set/
wall /wo:1/
r,vindow sill /'wrndeo
Unit 1
Grammar
active /'aektrv/
argument /'o:qioment/
hrain /brern/
college /'koh$/
dilferent /'drfrsnt/
downstairs /dai;n'stesz/
energy /'ene$i/
to hurry /'h,tri/
in peace /rn 'pi:s/
loo /1u:/
loud /laod/
opposite I'opazrtl
programme /'preogrem/
route /ru:t/
rorrtine lnt'.'tr'.nl
shower /'.[aos(r)/
to switch on /swrf 'on/
to turn up llz:n 'tpl
uncreative /,,r4kri:'ertrv/
volume /'volju:m/
without lwl6aatl
Reading
to allow /s'Iar.i/
army /'o:mi/
caravan /'kierevaen/
CD player /,si:'di: ,plere(r)
to complain /kem'plern/
to decorate /'dekerert/
to dig /drg/
dirty l'de:til
disappear /drss'pre(r)/
fair /lee(r)/
freedom /'fri:dem/
gypsy /'Srpsi/
iealous /'&eles/
jewellery /'Q5u:elri/
140
lazy I'letzil Vocabulary to attack /e'tak/
market /'mo:krt/ bald /bc:ld/ border /'bc:do(r)/
middle class /,mrdl 'klo:s/ curly /'k::li/ bride /brard/
mofigage /'mc:gr$/ Iairlfeel to fal1 in love (with) /,fc:l
to prefer /prr'fa:(r)/ slim /shm/ rn 'l,Lv wr6/
prison /'przen/ wavy /'wervi/ furious /'fioerres/
rebel / rebl/ weli-built /,wel'brlt/ to get fid of /,get 'rrd ev/
respectable /rr'spektobl/ Reading (bride)groom /grt'.n/
simple /'srmpl/ affectionate /s'fekJanst/ guest /gest/
slave /slerv/ appearance /e'prerens/ permission /pe'mrJn/
society /se'sareti/ to bother (with) /'bo6a to smile /smarl/
summer /'s,tme(r)/ character /'k&rekte(r)/ stomach /'st,tmek/
tax /tEks/ companion /kem'pienren/ Vocabulary
winter /'wmte(r)/ divorced /dr'vc:st/ diamond /'daremend/
Listening easy-going I,i:zi' geat4l fortune I'fc:tju:nl
appointment /a'pcrntment/ fax machine /'feeks me,Ji:n/ generous /'$eneres/
to book /bok/ hang-gliding /'hae4,glardr4/ to inherit /rn'herrt/
diary /'darsri/ lifestyle / larfstarl/ mean (adj) /mi:n/
meeting /'mi:tr1/ lively /'lawli/ millionaire /,mrha'nea(r)/
office /'ofrs/ lonely /'leonli/ propefiy I'propetil
to record lrr'kc:dl mobile phone / meobarl 'fsun/ wealtiry /'welOir
to reserve /rr'ze:v/ outgoing /aot'georq/ Reading
wake-r-rp call /'werk a.p ,ko:l/ partner /'pc:tns(r)/ eventually A'venSoeli/
Extension reliable /rr'1arsb1/ flnancial /far'nanJl/
alcohol /'eeikehol/ respectable /fl 'spektobl/ genius /'Si:nres/
approximately /e'proksrmetli/ responsible /rr'sponsebl/ (to get your) revenge
average I'nvl$l (a) sense oI humour ,sen: /rr'ven$/
to beat /bi:t/ ev 'hju:ms(r)/ to get better /,get 'bete(r)/
bike /bark/ shy /Ja/ ground /graond/
billion /'brhen/ sincere /sm'sra(r)/ to injure /'m$e(r)/
to blink /blqk/ sociable /'seoJebl/ to invest /rn'vest/
to breathe (in) /bri:6/ well-off /,we1 'ol/ knee /ni:/
earthquake /'s:Okwerk/ widow /'wrdao/ laundry /'lc:ndri/
,srl/ (the) equator h'kwerte(r)/ willing /'wrh4/ to own /ei;n/
to increase /r4'kri:s/ Listening to reluse ln'fju:zl
to land /lend/ darling /'do:h4/ to remove /rr'mu:v/
league /1i:g/ director /dar'rekto(r)/ soap /ser-ip/
lifetime l'la:flatml to discuss /drs'k,ts/ (to have a) stroke /streuk/
loaf /laof/ exhibition /,eksr'biJn/ unf ortunately /,Ln'lc:Senetli/
million /'mrhen/ to get togerher /,get witch /wrf/
period /'prened/ ts'ge6e(r)/ Listening
pint /parnt/ to give a lecture /,gw to agree /e'gri:/
populatlon /,popjo'lerJn/ e'lekfe(r)/ climate /'klarmet/
sweat /swet/ to interyiew /'rntavju:/ to close down /,kleuz 'dai-in/
to take off /,terk 'of/ to make arrangements (a) couple of /'k,tpel ev/
thousand l'1aazndl / merk e'rem&ments/ difficult /'drftkolt/
to serve /ss:v/ play (n) /pler/ far away (from) /,fo:r e'we/
weapon /'wepen/ to rehearse /rr'hs:s/ to follow /'foleo/
sales meeting /'serlz ,ml:tr4/ to grow up /,greo ',r.p/
Unit 2 Extension kid /kid/
Grammar to be expecting a baby /bi: to move around /,mu:v
airport / eepc:t/ rk ,spektr4 e 'berbi/ e'raond/
bank clerk /'benk ,klo:k/ christening /'krrsnr4/ relatives I'relatlzl
briefcase /'bri:fkers/ engaged /r4'ger$d/ secondary school "sekondri
construction /ken'str,tkJn/ flanc6(e) /fi'onser/ ,sku:l/
couple /'k.tp1/ firm (n) /ls:m/ sunshine /'s,LnJam/
dam /dem/ to get married /,get merrd/ Extension
department /dr'po:tmsnt/ grown up /,greon '.Lp/
departure lounge /dr'po:Sa
annual /'ienioel/
I assume /,ar e'siu:m/ below /br'1su/
]aan$l I suppose I,at sa'paazl campaign /kaem'perd
exciting hk'sartr4/ in the middle /m 6e 'mrdl/
for example /fer rq'zo:mpl/ championship /'femplenJrp/
nephew /'nelu:/ coast /keust/
to kiss /krs/ niece /ni:s/
to look round /,lok 'raond/ dangerous I' detn$aresl
single /'srqg1/ desperately /'despretli/
motorway /'meotawe/ sweel /swi:t/
on business /,on 'brznrs/ to dive /darv/
wedding /'wedry/ to escape h'skerp/
outdoors laal'dt:-zl
to run away /,r,rn a'wer/ Unit 3 to float /flacrt/
huge /hju:$/
similar /'srmrla(r)/ Grammar
to walk away /,wc:k e'wer/ to kick /krk/
angry l'nqqril to knock /nok/
to waste /werst/ apart /e'po:t/
to wonder /'w.tnde(r)/ photographer /fe' tografa(r)/
to apologize I e' pole$atzl
to prorect /pra'tekt/
to approve /a'pru:v/
to realize I'rrclatzl
rope /roup/ express /rk'spres/ sunglasses /'s,tqg1o:srzl to prepare /prr'pee(r)/
scientist /'sarentrst/ guard /go:d/ tough /t^l/ rapids /'reeprdz/
shark /.[o:k/ guy /ga/ to threaten /'oretn/ to recover (from) /rr'k,tve/
spear-flshing /'spIe,fi.[r4/ luggage rack /'1,tgrrt ,raek/ unconscious /,,,r4'konJeV scenery /'si:neri/
stitch /strf/ meal /mi:V upslde-down /,,tpsard'daun/ sightseeing tour /'sattsi:14
surface /'ss:lis/ to move on /,mu:v 'on/ to wink /wrqk/ ,toe(r)/
to slrrvive /se'varv/ note /necrt/ Vocabulary souvenir /,su:va'me(r)/
to swallow /'swoleo/ packet /'pzekrt/ blouse /blaozl spectacular /spek'takj olo(r)/
to tte ltarl passpofi /'po:spc:t/ sandals /'saendlz/ temple /'templ/
to pick up /,prk '.r.p/ suit /su:t/ tent /tent/
Unit 4 platform /'platfc:rn/ sweatshirt /'swetJ::t/ tourist / tuerrst/
Grammar pocket /'pokrt/ swimsuit /'swrmsu:t/ trek /trek/
backstage /,bek'sterS/ restaurant car /'restront,ko: (r)/ tights /tarts/ wonderful /'w,Lndefl/
capital city /,kaeprtel 'srti/ ticket /'trkrt/ trainers I tretnazl Vocabulary
casino /ke'si:neo/ waist /werst/ cathedral /ke'0i:drsl/
champagne /Jrm'peIn/ Unit 5 tlock tower 'klok ,taua(r)
Listening
(a) five-course meal Grammar leisure centre / leSe ,sente(r)/
(to have an) accident
altogether /,c:lte'gede(r)/
/,law ko:s 'mi:l/ library /'larbreri/
changing rooms /'fern$rq
limousine lhme'zinl /':eksrdsnt/ main square /,mern'skwee(r)/
according to /a'kc:drq te/ ,ramzl
nanny /'neni/ loose /1u:s/ stranger (n) /'strern$e(r)/
nightclub /'nartkl.tb/ aggressive /e'gresrv/ town hall /,taon 'hc:l/
size lsaul
to relax /rr'lzeks/ Buddhism l'badtzntl traffic lights /'trafik ,larts/
tight ltaltl
representative /,reprr'zentotrv/ Christianity /,krrstr'aeneti/ zebra crossing /,zebre'krosr4/
to try (on) /tral/
show (n) /Jeo/ diesei /'di:za1l
Extension
star /sto:(r)/ (the) Earth /s:0/ Extension
broad /brc:d/ assistant /s'srstent/
world-Iamous /'we:ld fermes/ (to have an) effect (on)
figure /'ftge(r)/ band /bend/
winner /'wme(r)/ A'fekt/
builder /'brlds(r)/
engine /'en$rn/ movie star /'mu:vr ,sto:(r)/
Reading (to set) on flre /,on 'lare(r)/ cardigan /'ko:dIgen/
advert /'rdv::t/ fact /fekt/
soul /sso1/ to carry on (with) /,kerr'on/
balance /'belens/ fine /fam/
choice /fors/
gold /gaold/ taste (n) /telst/
chauffeur /'Jecrfa(r)/ grandchild /'grenfarld/
inexperienced /,mrk'sprerrenst/ to satisfy /'sEtISfa/
community /ks'mju:neti./ hit (n) /hrt/
ro compete (with) /ksm'pi:t/ iron /'aren/ Unit 6 instructions /rn str,tk.fnzl
to continue /kan'trnju:/ Islam /'z1o:m/
Grammar to intern-rpt / mts'r,tpt/
controls /kon'treolz/ jet l$et)
(ice cream) cone /keon/ to knit /nrt/
culture /'k.tlfe(r)/ lead (n) /led/
cufiain i'k3:tn/ marrlage I'merr$l
to demand /dr'mo:nd/ Mars lmo'.zl
paintbrush /'perntbr.tJ/
dressing gown /'dresr4 gaon/
education /,edju'kerJn/ record (n) /'rekc:d/
embarrassed /rm'barest/ to panic /'peuk/
housekeeper /'haoski:pa(r)/ rocket /'rokrt/ quiz show /'kwrz ,Jeo/
embarrassing /rm'berasq/
iliegal /r'ii:gl/ sunny /'s,tni/
to expect hk'spekt/ to release /rr'li:s/
immigration /,rmt'grerJn/ survey /'sa:ver/ (n)
to fall off I,ftl 'ofl safe /serf/
including h4'k1u:drq/ Venus /'vi:nas/
fortunately /'lc:fenetli/ suitcase /'su:tkers/
to integrate (into) /'mtrgrert/ Reading in hysterics /,rn hI'sterrks/ tea break /'ti: ,brerk/
Iawyer /'lcra(r)/ ancient /'emJent/ incident /'rnsrdent/ tool /tu:1/
level (n) /'ievl/ brain /brern/ ladder /'lede(r)/ urgent /'3:6ont/
maid /merd/ caftoon /ko:'tu:n/ lake /lerk/
minodty /mar'norsti/ comrnon /'komsn/ to look out of /'lok ,aut ov/
Unit 7
newcomer /'nju:k,r.ms(r)/ contact (n) /'kDntekt/ nobody else / nsubedt 'els/ Grammar
to overtake /,eove'terk/ dramatic /dra'mcetrk/ terribly /'terabli/ abroad /e'brc:d/
politician /,pDh'trjn/ eye shadow /'ar ,Jedeo/ upstairs ltp'steezl camel /'kem1/
racial /'rerJ1/ eyebrow I'arbraal window cleaner /'wrndeo ice hockey /'ars ,hoki/
recently /'ri:sentli/ eyelash /'arhJ/ measles I'mi:zlzl
,k1i:ne(r)/
strict /strrkt/ eyelid /'arhd/ windsurfing /'wrnd,ss:fi4/
Reading
TV channel /,ti:'vi: ,fen1/ eyesight /'arsart/ Reading
adventurous /ed'ven![eres/
Listening false /fols/ actor /'aekte(r)/
afterwards /'o:ltewedz/
agency /'erSsnsi/ flexible /'fleksebi/ drunk /dra.qk/
amazing la'merzt4l
answerphone /'o:nsefeon/ to focus /'fei-rkes/ editor /'edrta(r)/
calm /ko:m/
arrangement(s) to gaze lgetzl enclose /rq'k1eoz/
colourful /'k,tlefl/
/e'rernSment(s)/ image /'imi$/ flat (n) /flet/
crime /krarm/
bedtime /'bedtarm./ intimate /'rntrmet/ former /'fc:me(r)/
direct /dar'rekt/
chat l{ntl iris/'arrts/ fraud /frc:d/
en-suite /,on 'swi:t/
confidential /,konlt'denJl/ lens /lenzl to go or-rt together /,geo 'arit
equipment h'kwrpment/
in case /r4 'kers/ lift (n) /1ft/ ts,ge6e(r)/
experience /rk'sprerrens/
message /'mest$/ make-up /'merk ,tp/ gossip /'gosrp/
fascinating /'frsenertr4/
project (n) I'pro$ektl muscle /'m,tsel/ to guess /ges/
mysterious /mr'strerres/
flight /flait/
result(s) ht'ztltsl guide /gard/ honeymoon /'h.tnrmu:n/
(the) post /poost/ nerve /ns:v/ law llc',l
to hoot /hu:t/
tone /tecln/ pupil /'pju:pe1/ mad(ly) /mad(li)/
pyramid /'prrernrd/ lake /ierk/
traffic jam /'trefrk ,$zem/ luggage l'L,',gt$l magnifi cent /meg'nrfisenti
Io raise keul temporary /'tempreri/
Extension
rare /ree(r)/
luxury /'l,tkJeri/
to check /{ek/ minibus /'mIrub,Ls/ twins /twrnz/
retina /'retrne/ view /vju:/
compartment /kem'po:tment/ monkey /'m,L4ki/
senses /'sensz/
corridor /'korrdc:(r)/ peaceful(ly) /'pi:sfeli/
sensitive (to) /'sensetN/
141
Listening exercise /'eksesaz/ to put back /,pot 'bak/ New Year's resolution
conference /'konfsrens/ exhausting hg' zc:sttql wallet /'woht/ I,njt jrcz,reze'1u:Jn/
delicious /dr'h.[es/ to feed /fi:d/ Vocabulary Vocabulary
multi-storey (car park) irldge /frr$/ assauit le'so1t/ activity /ek'tweti/
/'m,tlti ,stc:ril height /hart/ blackmail /'blekmerl/ to burn /be:n/
poem /'peorm/ impressive /rm'presrv/ burglary /'bs:gleri/ calories I'klr.lerizl
Extension incredible /rr1'kredrbl/ ro kidnap 'krdnapi energetic lene'$etrkl
beyond /br'jond/ jar l$u(r)l murder /'m::de(r)/ moderate /'moderet/
businessman /'brznrsman/ maximum /'meksnnem,/ robbery /'roberi/ to rest /rest/
to celebrate /'selebrert/ to move house /,mu:v 'ha<,is/ shoplifting /'Jnphfti4/ to shave /JeM
celebration /,sele'brerJn/ overweight /,eove'wert/ vandalism I'ynndshzml to skate /skeit/
chance /$o:ns/ pot /pDt/
Reading to skip /skrp/
childhood /'$aildhud/ prisoner l'praene(r)l apartment /e'po:tmsnt/ strenuous /'strenjoes/
to dream /dri:m,/ snack /snek/ to sunbathe /'s,rnber6/
attitude /'aetrtju:d/
drug addict /'dr,rg ,aedrkt/ soft drink /,soft 'drr4k/ Reading
to cross the street /,kros
horizon lhe'ratznl ton /t^n/ 6e'stri:t/ to appreciate /e'pri:Jrert/
jet set /'$et ,set/ tube /tju:b/ dial /'darel/ to beneflt I'beneffi/
to offer /'ofe(r)/ to weigh /wer/ extremely hk'stri:mli/ civil engineer /,swel
sweetheart /'swi:tho:t/ weight /wert/ flre brigade /'fare brr,gerd/ en$r'rue(r)/
to take over /,terk 'eove(r)/ Listening to get involved /,get DIY /,di: ar'war/
villa /'vr1s/ (the) bill /br1/ m'volvd/ to decline /dr'klarn/
wedding anniversary dessert /dr'za:t/ hero /'hlersi.r/ demanding /dr'mo:ndr4/
/'wedrn enr,va:seri/ French fries I,fren{ 'fraal to ignore hg'nc:(r)/ to deserve ldr'ze:vl
house wine /,hacrs 'warn/
Llnit I jacket potato /,$akrt
in flames lmfletmzl
to rescue /'reskju:/
dishwasher /'drJ,woJe(r)/
earnings I'z.nt4zl
Grammar po'tertou/ Iull-time I,fa|'ta:rr;-l
scream (n) /skri:m/
calcium /'k:elsram/ lamb chop l]rm'{opl housewife /'haoswaf/
carbohydrate
silly /'srli/
melon /'melon/ smoke (n) /smeok/ housework /'haosws:k/
/,ko:beri'hardrert/ menu /'menju:/ to stab /stab/ part-time I,po:t 'taml/
cash /keJ1 mineral water / mrnersl practical /'praektrkl/
stone /stoon/
change /Sern$/
,wc:te(r)/ to vandalize I' vnndelatzl researcher /rr'ss:Se(r)/
complex /'kompleks/ receipt /rr'si:t/ to reveal /u'vi:V
diet /'daret/
victim /'vrktrm/
sparkling /'spo:kh4/ witness /'wrtnss/ social worker /'sscrJel
fibre /'farbe(r)/ still /strl/
Listening ,ws:ke(r)/
hip /hrp/
Extension time-consuming /'tatm
to lose weight l,lu:z 'wettl bottom I'boleml
add /od/ to check in /,fek 'rrV ken,sju:mr4/
mineral /'mmarsV value /'valju:/
to provide /pre'vard/
based on /'berst on/ credit card /'kredrt ,ko:d/
to calculate /'kelkjcr,lert/ double /'d,r.bl/ wages I'wet$ul
thigh /0a/ workplace /'ws:kplers/
degree /dr'gri:/ key /ki:/
vitamin /'vrtemrn/ youngster /'j,rqste(r)/
heart disease I'hot dt,zi:zl registration form
Vocabulary hereditary /he'redetri/ Listening
/,re$r'strerJn ,fc:m/
beef /bi:f/ inhabitant /rn'hrebrtont/ to Iancy /'fensil
to require /rr'kware(r)/
biscuits /'brskrts/ lile expectancy /'larf to hire /'hare(r)/
reservation I,reze' verlnl
breakfast cereal /'brekfest rk,spektensi,/ to mind lmamdl
to sign /sarn/
,srerrel/ to lose your temper /,lu:z Extension phone book /'feon ,bok/
cabbage I'ke,bt$l jc: 'tempe(r)/ picnic /'prknrk/
cal<e /kerk/ advantage /ad vo:ntr$/
partner /'po:tne(r)/ serious /'srenes/
cod /kod/ alarm /e'io:m/
postgraduate Extension
grapes /greips/ to argue (with) /'o:qju:/
/,pai;st'gredj oet/ to challenge /'[nlrnc\l
margarine /,mo:Ss'ri:n/ bar code /'bo: ,keod/
qualifi cation / kwolfi'kerJn/ crossword /'krosws:d/
noodles I'nvdlzl checkout l'fekaotl
questionnaire to daydream /'derdri:m/
nut /n^t/ disadvantage /,drsed'vo:ntr$/
/,kwesfe'nee(r)/ everyday /'evrrder/
olive oii /,olw 'crV electronic /,11ek'tronrk/
quick-tempered massage /'maso:3/
pork /pc:k/ guard /go:d/
/,kwrk'temped/ to meditate /'medrteit/
prawns lprclnzl to identify /ar'dentfar/
rural /'roersl/ power cut /'pacro ,k,tt/ outdoors laal'dc:.zl
rice /rars/ sedentary /'sedentri/ purchase (n) / ps:frs/ philosopher /fr'losefe(r)/
salmon /'semsn/ subtract /ssb'trokt/ queue /kju:/ pleasure I'plqe(r)l
spaghetti /spe'geti/ to suffer (from) /'s.tlo/
sweets /swi:ts/ to replace /rr'p1ers/ to pray /pretl
unhealthy /,r.n'hel0i/ rir,g htryl p:uzzle I'przell
tuna /'tju:ne/ urban /'s:ben/
yoghurt /'joget/ to scan /sk:en/ reaction /n'ekJn/
Unit 9 shelf /Jelfl to redecorate /,ri:'dekorerV
Reading religious service
Grammar slot /slot/
addiction /e'drkJn/ /rr,h$es 'ss:vrs/
to alford /e'lc:d/ smart /smo:t/
bar /bo:(r)/ rock climbing /'rok ,klarmrg/
charity technician /tek'nrJn/
can (n) /kan/ /'Seereti/
sky /ska/
technology /tek'no1e$/
carton /'ko:tnl circumstances
to socialize I'sealelatz/
troiley /'troli/
cocktail /'kokterl/ /'sa:kem sto:nsrz/
to stimulate /'stnnjolert/
to depend (on) /dr'pend/ to trust /tr^sv
to cut dow,n on /,k,tt 'dar.in on/
survival /sa'varval/
doorway /'dc:wer/ emergency /r'ma:$ensi/ tinit 1O
doughnut /'der-in,lt/ except /rk'sept/
Grammar tinit 1 1
drugs /dr,tgzl fool /fu:l/ to give up I,gw '/{,l Grammar
to encourage lq'klrt$l honest /'onrst/
to keep an eye on /,ki:p audience /'c:drens/
enormous /r'nc:mss/ ideal /ar'drel/ careful /'keefl/
sn 'ar on/

142
to chop down /,fop 'daor' to swing /swr4/ to commit a crime /ke,mlt Extension
comfortable /'ktmftebl/ '12 e 'krarm/ bad-tempered /,bred
content (n) /'kontent/ Unit earring /'rerr4/ 'temped/
fashion model /'feJn modl/ Grammar empire /'empare(r)/ barn /bo:n/
image /'rmrrt,/ to abandon /e'benden/ fascinated /'lrseneitrd/ battle /'betl/
in the public eye /rn 6e astronaut /'estrsnc:t/ government /'g,r.venmont/ to claim /klerm/
,pabhk 'arl atmosphere /';etmesfrs(r)/ individual /,rndr'vrdjual/ court /kJ:t/
newsreader /'nju:z,ri:ds(r)/ to burn /bs:n/ industry /'rndestri/ to hang /hep/
priest /pri:st/ to collect /ke'lekt/ jungle /'rt.t4gl/ helpful / helpfl/
public life /,p,rbhk 'laf/ debris /'derbri:/ metal /'metl/ in order to /rn 'c:ds tel
royal /'rcrel, fragment /'fregment/ military /'mrletri/ inheritance /rn'herrtens/
Vocabulary glove /gi,rv/ to mix (with) /mrks/ judge l$t$/
DJ (disc jocke,v) /'di: ,rterl to head (towards) /hed/ nugget /'n^get/ pleasant I'plezntl
joumalist /'$s:nehst/ to launch /lc:n!fl outlaw /'autlr:/ secretly /'si:kretli/
presenter rpn'zente(r)/ object /'ob$ekt/ pure /pjoe(r)/ soldier /'saol$e(r)/
the news ,,6a'nju:z/ orbit /'c:brt/ resetve /n'z::v/ to treat (well/badly) /tri:t/
weather presenter /'wede to pollute lpo'lu'.t/ sailor /'serls(r)/ ttial I'trarell
prl.zenta(r) rubbish /'r,tbrfl seed /si:d/ to unite lj,tinartl
satellite I'sntelafil shipwrecked I'lryrekt/ wooden /'wodn/
Reading to scatter /'sketa(r)/ tomb /tu:m/ to wound /wu:nd/
article '''o:tLkV space /spers/
artificiai o:tr'frjl/ space station /spers ,ster.fien/
unit 13 Unit 14
big busirress I,brg 'barrtsl Grammar
spacecraft /'sperskro:ft/ Grammar
bright brart,/
spanner /'spaene(r)/ amnesia lem'ni:ziel amazed la'melzdl
consultalt,ken's,tltent/ to apply (to) /e'plar tel
Vocabulary car crash /'ko: ,krreJ/
to concentrate (on) gyrr' l$ttt:.l
comet /'kDmrt/ compact disc /,kompekt'drsk/
/'konsantrert/ to have a word with
continent /'kontrnent/ dramatically /dre'mzetrkli/
to criticise t'krrtrsatzl /,hav e 'ws:d wr6/
desert /'dezatl Lo erase h'retzl
dull , d,r.l
to invent /m'venV to manage I'mrnt$l
to emphasize I' err,fesatzl
hemisphere /'hemrsfis(r)/
island /'arlond/ laboratory /le'boratri/ personal /'ps:sonl/
flattering 'flaterr4/ lead singer /,li:d sr4e(r)/ professional /pre feJnsl/
to flirt ,fl9:t/ moon /mu:n]
North Pole /,nc:0 'pecrl/ memory /'memeri/ slogan /'slaogsn/
front page i,fr,tnt 'perrt/ system /'srstem/
ocean /'eciJen/ microwave (oven)
hairstyle /'heestarl/ trivial /'tnvrel/
peninsula /po'nrnsjole/ /'markreowew/
to idenrifr, with /ar'dentfar
pop group /'pop ,gru:p/ to type /tap/
wr6l solar system /'sau1s ,srstem/
volcano /vol'kernso/ prime minister Vocabulary
lipstick r'hpstrk/ /,prarm 'mrnrsts(r)/
Reading respected /rr'spektrd/
to mention /'menJn/
to boil
/bcrl/ teenager /'ti:ner$e(r)/ selfish /'selfrJ/
neat /ni:ti
chaos /'keros/ word processor /,wa:d thrllling /'0rrh4/
to sack /sek/ 'preosese(r)/
sexy /'seksil civilization I,slelar' zet[nl Reading
untidy /^n'tardi/ cloud /klaod/ Vocabulary club /kl,rb/
viewer /'r,ju:a(r)/ to collapse /ke'laps/ century /'senferi/ correspondent
crop ,&rop/ decade /'dekerd/ /,korr'spondont/
Listening season /'si:zn]
dinosaur /'dameso:(r)/ crisis /'krarsrs/
caller /'kc:la(r)/ second /'sekcnd/
to drown /dracin/ excitement /rk'sartment/
engaged frrt'get*'dl
dust /d.rst/ Reading exclusive /rk'sk1u:sIv/
extension /rk'stenJn/
to evacuate /r'v:ekju:ert/ to affect /e'lekt/ feeling /'fi:h4/
to get through /,get 'oru:/
to hang up /,hze4 ',r.p/ explosion /r'ksp1eo3n/ as a result I,ez e rlztlll foreign /'forsn/
no reply /,nacr rr'pla/ (to become) extinct cave /kerv/ God /god/
hk'strtkt/ constant /'konstent/ lucky charm /,l,rki 'fo:m/
strange lstrern$/
massive /'masn/ decorator /'dekererte(r)/ masochist /'mesekrst/
switchboard /'swr{bc:d/
outwards I'aatwadz/ depressed /dr'prest/ opportunity /,ope'tju:neti,/
to transfer /trens'fer/
to ruin/'ru:rn/ entertainment organization /,c:genar'zetJn/
Extension sea bed /'si: bed/ to promise /'prnmrs/
/,enta'temmant/
arena /e'rr:ne/ to set off /,set 'of/ experiment /rk'spernnent/ screen /skri:n/
bruise ,/bru:z/ shock wave /'Jok ,werv/ link /h4k/ shell /Jel/
chain ffernl to spread /spred/ living quarters /'Lvq to shoot /Ju:t/
to chase /{ers/ temperature /'tempra{e(r)/ the front line /6e ,fr,Lnt 'larn/
,kwc',tezl
to climb up /,k1am rpl tidal wave /'tardal ,werv/ mental /'ment1/ thrill /0rrl/
competition /,kompe'trJn/ war (to break out) /wc:(r)/ physical /'fzrkl/ Listening
contender /ksn'tenda(r)/ to play cards I,plet 'ko:dzl
event h'vent/ Listening grey lgrerl
Christmas /'krrsmes/ rhythm I'ndeml run (n) /r,tn/
gladiator /'gledrerte(r)/
congratulations tape /terp/ whereabouts .'reer:ba.-.rls
gruelling I'graehgl underground /,tnde' graond/
/ke4,greetju'lerJnz/ Extension
to hang on / hae4 'on/
driving test /'drarvr4 test/ volunteer /volen'tre(r)/ blues /b1u:z/
incredible /r4'kredrboV
to knock off /,nok 'ofl due /dju:/ Listening congressman /'ko4gresmsn/
obstacle /'obstekl/ medal /'medl/ available /o'verlebl/ cure /kjoe(r)/
platform I'pla,tfc:rnl nil /ru1/ check-up /'Sek ,r.p/ fuss /f,r.s/
to pull off 1,p,,:1 'afl to split up /,split ',rp/ flight times I'flafi 1armzl sick /srk/
to race /rers/ Extension fully booked /,fcrli 'bcrkt/ the United Nations /6e
ring lrrq/ to accept /ak'sept/ nothing left /,n,t0r4 'left/ ju:,nartrd 'ner.fnzl
to store /skc:(r)/ catal l'karctl otherwise l',t6awaul vacation /ver'ker.[n/
stick /strk/ coin /kcrr/ seat /si:t/ to vote /vaot/

143
oxIoRD
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ACI(NOWIN DGEMENTS
The author would especially like to record his $atitude to his wife, Eunice,
and his children, without whose support and patience Lifeiines would not
have been written. The author would also like to thank all those at Oxford
University Press who have contributed their slti11s and ideas to producing
this book
Ihe pubhsher and author are very grateful to the following teachers and institutions
for recding andf or piloting the manuscript and for providing imaltabTe comment ond
feedback on the coarse: Etienne Andr6 and Yolaine Sebaoun (CCI Nice, France),
Nicolo Arcadipane, Freda Mi11er, Judy Edwards and Barbara Ann Nutt
(Intemational House, Marilla-Banditella, Italy). Eva Beldnyi and Erika Aipli
(Coventry House, I(ecskem6t, Hungary), Mary Boyd (The British Council,
Bologna, Italy), John Bryant and Lindsay Mclellan (Bdtish Institute,
Valencia, Spain), Debbie Derrick and Madeieine I(ear (Scanbrit School of
English, Bournemoutil, UK), Sarah Hunter and Stephen Yates (Colchester
English Study Cenffe, UI(), Amanda Jeffries (Regent oxford, UK), Heather
Jones (free1ance, UI(), Paula Jullian and Ana Maria Buldoch (Universidad de
1os Andes, Santiago, Chile), Rita Lendvai, Dorctrya Nagy and Philip Wood
(Atalanta International, Budapest, Hungary), Frances Lowndes (freelance,
UK), Edward Marten (CLM Be11 School, Bolzano, Italy), Pamela Murphy
(freelance, UK), S. Mutter, Fiona McEwan-Cox andJulie Anne Malmard (The
British School, Velona, Italy), Cristina Nogueira and I(athryn Chown
(Cultura Inglesa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Jesus M. Signes and Sarah-Lotlise
Scotney (Lingua International, Badalona, Spain), Professor Manja Strubej
and Tatjana Bleiweis (Izobrazevalno Sredisce Mil<osic, Ljubljana, Slovenia),
Kiss Tibor, Laura Mitchell, Paluska Trinde and David Lewis (International
Language School, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary), Eszter Timdr and Judit Kovics
(Bell Schoois, Budapest, Hungary), Katalin Vizi (Lingua School ofEnglish,
Budapest, Hungary)
The author ond publishers would Like to thalk the following for pertr.ission to
reproduce their photographs: A. A. & A. Ancient Art and Architecture Collection
\42), Ace Photo Agenq/ (76), Aspect Picture Library Ltd (103), BBC Picture
Archives (115), Barnaby's Picture Library (62), Corbis/Betbnan (26, 118),
Coca-Cola Great Bdtain & Ireland (15), Philip Dunn Picture Library (68), Eye
Ubiquitous (87, 92, 1031, Sally and Richard Greenhill (18, 58, 108), Oliver
Hutton (22, 23), ITN (91), The Image Bank (6, 13, 1s, 18, 21,42,56, s9,1,oo,
101), Katz Picturcs Ltd (11, 88), The Kobal Collection Ltd (42), London
Weekend Television (94, 95), Frances Lomdes (28, 29), Network
Photographers Ltd (87, 89), Popperfoto (115), Powerstock Photo Library
(13, 58, 62, 75, a4, 87 ,102), Rex Features Ltd (10, 11, 66), Ross Parry Picture
Agenry (24), Jefftey L Rotman/Photography (30), Science Photo Library Ltd
(96, 97), Frank Spooner Pictures Ltd (65, 88, 107), Tony Stone Images (15, 18,
20, 28, 29, 31, 43, 5-1, 56, 62, 72,75, 87, 7oo, 103), Sygrna Ltd (88, 110, 111),
TRIP (15, 56, 62,75), Telegraph Colour Library (15, 32, 35, 62, 118),
Viewfrndel Colour Photo Library Ltd (13, 18, 75, 92), Sylvia \A/heeldon and
Tim Falla (s8)
We would also kke to thanki ABC Taxis (Oxfot'd), BBC Thames Va1ley FM,
Heatlrow Airport Limited, Hobbs Limited, staff at the Oxford Playhouse, and
the Randolph Hotel, Oxford for theil help with location photography
Commissionedpholographyby: Paul Freestone (8, 9, 25,45, 55, 60, 61, 100, 108,
712,1761; Mark Mason (12, 20, 36, 105)
Piciltre researchby: Mandy Twe11s
Illustrationsby: Adrian Barclay (78, 79), Katherine Baxter (16), Rupert Besley
(7, 80), Ian Dicks (41, 4a,49,70,71, 96), Paul Fisher-Johnson (39), Neil
Gower (12, 52, 53, 67), Conny Jude (44, 83), Joanna Kerr (40, 83, 84), Angela
Salt (a6), Rayrnond Turvey l3o,42,98,1o7)
Songs: You've got what it takes (Gordy/Gordy/Davis) @ 1959 Jobete Music Co
Inc. and Califomit Dreaming (Phillips/Phil1ips) Reproduced by kind
permission, MCA MUSIC IIID Swnmefitme Blres (Capehart/Cochran) @ 1958
Warner-Tamerlane Publishing Corp., Rightsong Music, Elvis Presley Music &
Gladys Music, Cinephonic Music Co Ltd., 8/9 Frith Street, London W1V 5TZ
"Ihe publisher and a)thor are grateful tt those who ha:,te given permission to reprodilce
the following extracts and odaptahons of copyight material: p 6 Reproduced by
ltind pernission ofThe Automobile Association; pp 24.25 Extracts flom
'The Gretna Grapple' by John Woodcock and 'Together at last, couple
dogged by a pet hatred'byJames Gry11s, The Daily Mail @ The Daiiy
Mail/So1o Syndications by permission; pp 26, 27 Reproducted by permission
of The Reader's Digest Association Limited fiom 'Marue1s and Mysteries of
the Human Mind' @ 1992; p 37 Adapted flom 'Shark Attack!' by Mary M.
Cerrrllo @ Focus; p 35 Extract llom 'r'441ites will soon be a minority race in
America'by George Gordon in The Daily Mail @ The Daily MailSolo
Syndications by permission; p 51 Adapted f,'om blochure 'Inspirations
Nepal' by kind permission of CVA Media Ltd; p 66 Extract taken fiom 'Can
you Imagine Weighing 100 Stone?'by Simon Kinner-sley, Woman's Own by
perrnission; p78 From 'Smart store threat to girls on the checkouts' by Sean
Pou1ter, The Daily Maii @ The Daily Mail/Solo Syndications by permission;
p 82 Reproduced from'Burn offthat excess baggage' @ Lindsay Nicholson/
The Daily Telegraph p1c, London, 1991; p 83 Extract from'The e349
Housewife'by Sean Poulter, The Daily MaiI @ The Daily Mail/Solo
Syndications by permission; pp 86, 87 Adapted from 'Pleasure Principle' by
Jerome Burne, @ Focus; p 90 Extract from 'How they gave Fiona that certain
something'by Rebecca Hardy, The Daily Mail @ The Daily Mai{Solo
S5,ndications by permission; p 91 Extlact from 'How I was floored by the
F-factor' by Fiona Armstrong, The Daily Mail by permissiou p 90 Extracts
from 'Slapping Dallas Gloss on an Outdoor Girl' by Ll.ndia Lee-Potter; p 102
'The New Gold Rush' by Paul Harris; p 104 'The Forgotten Years' by Jmes
GryIls, The Daily Mail @ The Daily MaifSolo Syndications by permission:
p 99 Adapted fiom 'Horror that ends history if a comet hits the earth'
@ Focus; p 107 Reproduced by permission ofThe Reader's Digest Assocation
Limited from'Ma1ve1s and Mysteries of the Human Mind'@ 1992
Although every effort has been made to trace and contact cop5,Tight holders
before publication, ttlis has not been possible in some cases. We apologize
for any appalent infringement of copyright and if notifled, the publisher
wiJl be pleased to rectify any errors or omissions at the earliest oppotttnity
Ihe author ond publishers would like to thmk the following for permission to
reproduce their moterial: EMI Records (UI() (105), The Oidie Book of Cartoons,
published by Park McDonald Books 1995, edited & selected by Richard
Ingrams (13, 50, 69, 109, 119), The Spectator Caftoon Book 1994 (53,94)
lrregular verbs lnternational Phonetic Alphabet (lPA)
lnfinitive Past tense Past participle Vowels and diphthongs
be was/were been hJ see lsiJ
become became become l1/ happy I'hapt/
begin began begun sit lsttl
h/ .
break broke broken
lel ten Itenl
bring brought brought
build built built lal hat lhrtl
buy bought bought lo:l arm ls:rnl
catch caught caught htl got lgotl
choose chose chosen lcl saw lst:l
come came come lal put lpat/
cost cost cost /tt:l too Ittt:l
cut cut cut
cup lkt'pl
do did done
draw drew drawn Iur lfs:(r)/
drink drank drunk lel ago la'geal
drive drove driven letl page lpefl1l
eat ate eaten laal home ltream/
Iall fell fallen latl flve lfawl
feel Ielt felt laal now lnaa/
flght fought fought lctl join ldScm/
flnd Iound lound
lrcl near lnte(t)l
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten /ea/ hair lheel
get got got laal pule /pjr-ie(r)/
give gave given
go went gone Consonants
grow grew grown
have had had lpl pen lpen/
hear heard heard tbt bad lbr,dl
hit hir hir Itl tea Itil
hold held held tdt did ldtdl
hurt hurt hurt cat lketl
tk/
keep kept kept
know knew known lgl got lgoil
leave left Ieft tt]it chin Ittutl
lend lent Ient tdd June ld5't:nl
Iose lost lost tfl fall lfc:l/
make made made voice lvcrsl
lYreet met met t0t thin l9nt/
pay paid paid t6t then l6en/
put put put
lsl so lsoal
read read read
ride rode ridden lzl zoo lztt:l
ring rang rung tst she I li'l
IUR ran run tJ vision l'vfunl
say said said tht how lhaal
see saw seen hnl man lm.r,.nl
sell sold sold hl no lneal
send sent sent lsql
shine shone shone
ht sing
sung
tlt leg llegl
sing sang
sit sat sat hl red hedl
sleep slept slept tjt yes ljesl
speak spoke spoken wet lwetl
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
understand understood understood
wake up woke up woken up
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
&tFEI"If*€$ is a three-level general
English course at elementary, pre-
intermediate, and intermediate level.
It has been designed to offer flexibility
within a clear and easy-to-use format.
Lifelines Pre-intermediate is divided into
14 main units, and each unit has an
Extension section.

Key features
b a clear, comprehensive, yet manageable
language syllabus
!" a discovery approach to the presentation
of language
F motivating texts from a variety of
authentic sources
> strong skills development with an
emphasis on functional English
ts systematic vocabulary work recycled
within the unit
> a pronunciation syllabus introducing
sounds, stress and intonation
> optional Extension sections at the end
of each unit
The Student's Book also contains a detailed
Grammar Reference section, a Reflecting on
Learning section, tapescripts, a wordlist,
and an IPA chart and irregular verb table.
It is accompanied by two Class Cassettes.

P The Teacherts Book contains an

overview of each unit, clear teaching
notes with extra ideas, an answer key,
tapescripts, supplementary photocopiable
activities and progress tests.

,s" The Workbook has with key and

without key versions. lt contains further
practice of the language and vocabulary
presented in the Student's Book, an
independent writing syllabus and
Grammar Check revision sections.

Tom Hutchinson is the author of two

successful English language teaching
courses: Project English for children, and
New Hotline for teenagers. He is Associate
Director of the lnstitute for English
Language Education, Lancaster University,
where he runs teacher training courses.

Hlullfiiluufiu