QGIS Technical Manual, Phoukhoun

ASEAN Project on Disaster Risk Reduction
by Integrating Climate Change Projection

into Flood and Landslide Risk Assessment
QGIS Training Manual

Phoukhoun, Lao PDR
Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF)

ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM)
Implemented by
QGIS Technical Manual: Integrating Future Climate
Change Scenario into Landslide Risk
Assessment in Phoukhoun RBP of Lao PDR
ABOUT QGIS
What is QGIS?
QGIS is an open source, Geographical Information System software supports data viewing, editing, and
analysis capabilities. It allows users to create maps user different data layers, which can be assembled and
utilized for a variety of functions; tool to create analysis for Disaster Risk Assessment. The software is easy
to install and can be used to prepare thematic maps and to establish a systematic database for the
national, regional, and local level, in both urban and rural locations. The major advantage of QGIS, in
comparison to commercial software is that it is free to download online, where most of the commercial
software is proprietary and can be very costly. In QGIS, the shape files prepared in other Geographic
Information Systems are easy to open and the icon menu is very user friendly and quite similar to a
commercial software such as Arc GIS. QGIS software has been introduced in training sessions in this
project.
Download and Installation
QGIS version 3.10. is recommended for this exercise which can be downloaded free online. Participants
can download case study from the most stable version by going to the following:
https://qgis.org/en/site/forusers/download.html to see other options or download directly from the links
below:
● https://qgis.org/downloads/QGIS-OSGeo4W-3.10.8-1-Setup-x86_64.exe (64 bit)
● https://qgis.org/downloads/QGIS-OSGeo4W-3.10.8-1-Setup-x86.exe (32 bit)
● All versions of the software are free and available on Windows, Mac, and Linux
● Choose the long-term release repository, choose version 3.10. Long term version is chosen due to
its stability.
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Components of Q-GIS User Interface
Five components:
1. Menu Bar
2. Toolbars
3. Panels
4. Map View
5. Status Bar
Detailed explanations of these features.
1. Menu Bar
The menu bar provides access to various QGIS features using a standard hierarchical menu. The top-level
menus and a summary of some of the menu options are listed in the figure below, together with the
associated icons as they appear on the toolbar, and keyboard shortcuts.
2. Toolbars
The toolbar provides access to most of the same functions as the menus, plus additional tools for
interacting with the map. Each toolbar item has pop-up help available. Hold your mouse over the item
and a short description of the tool’s purpose will be displayed. Every toolbar can be moved around
according to your needs. Additionally, they can be switched off using the right mouse button context
menu, or by holding the mouse over the toolbars. Toolbars can be added or deleted from the display at
the preference of the user. If you have accidentally hidden a toolbar, choose menu option View > Toolbars.
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3. Panels
Panels are special widgets that you can interact with (selecting options, checking boxes, filling values etc.)
in order to perform a more complex task. This is used to set visibility of various layers; check boxes can
add or remove the display, change the properties of layers and view Layer attributes.
4. Map View
It is the main area in Q-GIS where all layers can be displayed. The map displayed in this window will depend
on the vector and raster layers you have chosen to load.
5. Status Bar
The status bar provides general information about the map view, and actions processed or available and
offers you tools to manage the map view. It will show you a current progress of the action.
5.1 Coordinates
It shows the current position of the mouse, following it while moving across the map view. Next to the
coordinate display.
5.2 Scale
It shows the scale of the map view. If you zoom in or out, QGIS shows you the current scale. There is a
scale selector, which allows you to choose among predefined and custom scales to assign to the map view.
5.3 Magnification
The magnification level is expressed as a percentage. You can define a current magnification level for your
map view. This allows zooming in to a map without altering the map scale, making it easier to accurately
tweak the positions of labels and symbols.
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GETTING FAMILIAR WITH Q-GIS
This exercise aims to familiarize users with the basic functions of Q-GIS. This includes:
● Navigation Tools (Pan, Zoom)

● Identify Feature Tool
● Selection Tool (by rectangle, polygon, etc.)
● Selection by Expression
● Creating New Layers from Selection
Step 1
Begin by opening a new document in Q-GIS. Then, load the administrative boundary shapefile.
(LAO_adm2)
Step 2
Take several minutes with both the Pan and Zoom tools to understand how they are utilized.
Step 3
Use the Identify Feature tool to highlight one of the districts. Pay attention of the data that appears in
the pop-up box. The identify-results box will appear and show detail of the selected district.
Step 4
Use the Identify Tool to find one district. Once the district has been identified, use the Select Single
Feature Tool to select this district. Then, use the Deselect All Features Tool.
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Step 5
Try to use other options of the select feature tool such as by polygon, freehand and radius. You are able
to select multiple polygons, so try to find at least two districts simultaneously. Once you finished playing
with all options, please use the Deselect All Features Tool.
Step 6
Open the attribute table by clicking Open Attribute table the icon (next to Deselect All Features
Tool) and use the Select Features Using an Expression Tool inside in table.
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Step 7
Select some specify districts. Under the operators tab, select Fields and Values to bring up the
Administrative boundary variable. After that, select the “ADM_EN” and double click. Then, in the
expression box, select the needed equation following by ‘Phoukhoune’ and press select features. Note to
include ‘ ’ whenever it is a text, make sure when typing the name of the district, it appears the same with
the one showing up in attribute table otherwise it will not be able to run.
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Step 8
To save it as a separate file please do a right click on “LAO_adm2” in the Layers Panel and select
“Export” then “Save Selected Features As…” Please name it properly and select “Save only selected
features”.
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SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING SRTM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL FOR

USGS EARTHEXPLORER
The EarthExplorer (EE) user interface is an online search, discovery, and ordering tool developed by the
United States Geological Survey (USGS). EE supports the searching of satellite, aircraft, and other remote
sensing inventories through interactive and textual-based query capabilities. Registered users of EE have
access to more features than guest users.
● Register your account at EarthExplorer EROS system at http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
Create an account with USGS. In the top-right corner, click the Register button. In order to download data
from USGS Earth Explorer, follow the three steps:
● Set your search criteria
● Select your data to download and filter out your dataset
● Check your results and download
SRTM 1 Arc Sec (30 m) Digital Elevation Model

Elevation map was generated from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) satellite imagery with 30
m pixel size, produced by NASA originally, is a major breakthrough in digital mapping of the world, and
provides a major advance in the accessibility of high quality elevation data for large portions of the tropics
and other areas of the developing world. Follow the steps in the screenshot below to search, visualize and
download DEM from a specific location (e.g. Phoukhoun, Laos).
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Step 1: Set your area of interest

Zoom into your area of interest. To download free Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Phoukhoun, zoom
into that area. To narrow your search area: Fill in the Geocoder tab, choose ‘World Feature’, type
Phoukhoun as the Feature Name, choose Laos as the country. Click show.
The result will be three option
Click the third option : Phoukhoun ; Populated Places
You can manually choose the default coordinate or fill in the coordinate manually using the tool of add
the coordinate.
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Estimate the area of interest properly and make sure that it covers the whole watershed area.The extent
is watershed area of Phoukhoun, Laos:
Top: 19.952917
Left: 101.999583
Right: 103.000417
Bottom: 19.119583
Alternatively, you can use one of these options to create a region of interest:
▪ Using an address to search
▪ Importing a shapefile (in a zip file) or KML
▪ Or you can just double-click the map to make your ROI
Note that the shapefiles and kml are limited to one record containing one polygon or line string with a
maximum of 30 points.
Step 2: Select your data to download in the “Data Sets” tab

The Datasets tab answers the important question: What satellite or aerial imagery are you looking for?.
The USGS Earth Explorer remote sensing datasets are plentiful: aerial imagery, AVHRR, commercial
imagery, digital elevation, Landsat, LiDAR, MODIS, Radar and more.
Step 3: Download free DEM in the “Results” tab

The search results tab will populate with data sets that match your query.
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If no file is found, you can use this website as the alternative https://dwtkns.com/srtm30m/
You need to have USGS account to be able to download the SRTM.
Displaying DEM in QGIS
1. Add raster by selecting DEM data downloaded from USGS. See the directory.
2. Add vector data and select Watershed layer into the map in order to clip with DEM.
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3. Use the clipping process to come up with an area of interest.
Raster > Extraction > Clip Raster by Mask Layer…
1. Input layer: DEM_phk (DEM)

2. Mask layer: LA_phk_wshed_dis (Watershed boundary)
3. Create name and save location to “DEM_wshed” folder
Elevation ranges from 339 meter above sea level (masl) to 2,336 masl, with blue lines showing the
boundary of the watershed area.
Slope Gradient
Slope is the measure of steepness or the degree of inclination of a feature relative to the horizontal plane
and typically expressed as a percentage, an angle, or a ratio.
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Raster > Analysis > Slope
1. Input layer: Dem_phk_wshed

2. Create name and save location to “Slope” folder
Slope gradient is generated from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of SRTM 30 meter pixel. The slope
gradient varies from 0° to around 71.42° within watershed area as seen in the picture. Mean value of slope
is 20.71°, with standard deviation around 8.99.
Slope Classification
1. Slope gradient will be reclassified into 15 classes for the Landslide analysis.
2. Right click the slope layer from the table of content and select Layer properties.
3. Change the render type to “Singleband pseudocolor”.
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4. Change the classification mode to “Equal Interval” and type “15” classes.
5. Select the Color ramp
6. Click “OK”
Slope Aspect
Aspect values indicate the directions the physical slopes face. We can classify aspect directions based on
slope angle with a descriptive direction. An output aspect raster will typically result in several slope
direction classes.
Raster > Analysis > Aspect
1. You will need a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to generate an aspect map.
2. Input layer: Dem_phk_wshed
3. Create name and save location to “Aspect” folder
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These are the grey cells in the aspect map where slope exists; aspect is measured clockwise starting north
as 0°and returns back as 360° north. After running the Aspect tool, the output raster symbolizes based on
the direction slope. Each slope direction will represent a slope angle range. You can reclassify the aspect
map by changing the symbology and setting the number of classes.
Aspect Classification
1. Aspect will be reclassified into 9 classes for the Landslide analysis.
2. Right click the slope layer from the table of content and select Layer properties.
3. Change the render type to “Singleband pseudocolor”.
4. Change the classification mode to “Equal Interval” and type “9” classes.
5. Select the Color ramp
6. Click “OK”
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Distance from Stream

Stream Network
The distribution of channels forms a hierarchy of small headwater channels draining into progressively
larger channels downstream.
The shape of the earth's surface determines how water flows. Hydrology analysis provides a useful
method for describing the physical features of the earth surface. You can model the flow of water and
perform quantitative analysis on a DEM data. Hydrology analysis can extract the information about where
water comes from and where it is going across on any cell of a raster data.
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Hydrology Analysis Process

The Hydrology tools are used to model the flow of water across a surface. When modeling the flow of
water, you may want to know where the water came from and where it is going. The hydrologic analysis
functions to help model the movement of water across a surface, the concepts and key terms regarding
drainage systems and surface processes. There are a variety of tools in the GIS environment can be used
to extract hydrologic information from a digital elevation model (DEM).
The proximity to streams is considered as a potential controlling factor as streams undercutting a slope
base have been recognized to be the cause of several landslides in the region (Che et al., 2011). Proximity
to streams is implemented by applying the Euclidean distance function in GIS along the streams and rivers
generated from the topographic map.
Displaying Stream layer in QGIS

1. Add vector by selecting stream data from the folder. You need to find out from the directory.
Vector Spatial Analysis (Buffer)
Buffering usually creates two areas: one area that is within a specified distance to selected real world
features and the other area that is beyond. The area that is within the specified distance is called
the buffer zone.
A buffer zone is any area that serves the purpose of keeping real world features distant from one another.
Buffer zones are often set up to protect the environment, protect residential and commercial zones from
natural disasters, or to prevent violence. Common types of buffer zones may be greenbelts between
residential and commercial areas, border zones between countries, disaster protection zones around
vulnerable areas or flood protection zones along rivers.
Create Multiple Rings Buffer

● QGIS has an inbuilt option to create single distance buffers around, point, line and polygon
features. However, to generate concentric multi-ring buffers you can use the QGIS plugin tool
named – Multi Ring Buffer.
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1. In order use get a meter unit, right click the stream layer in table of content and select
“Properties”
2. Focus in the Geometry and Coordinate Reference System, click drop down list and choose
“WGS84/UTM zone 48N” as the source coordinate system. If you cannot see the given format,
please search for it by clicking “Select CRS”
3. If it does not work, right click on the layer in table of content and export to the new file. Do not
forget to do the re-projection “WGS84/UTM zone 48N”.
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In the Multiple Ring Buffer settings:
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1. We will buffer the distance beyond the stream lines for 4 zones: 50 m, 100 m, 150 m and 200 m
2. Select the layer to be buffered “Stream6up”
3. Active the box that mentions “Dissolve features before buffering”
4. Assign the distances (comma separated) : 50,100,150,200
5. Segments to Approximate to be 100 (the higher the value the more accurately drawn the
resulting buffer object will be)
6. Note the unit of this process is “meters” as its projection.
7. Once done, right click to export and save a feature as a vector layer (ESRI Shapefile) then name it
as “Stream_Buffer50_100_150_200m”.
8. Right click to check the attribute table; you will see difference numbers of the stream distance.
The map shows distance from the stream and other four zones beyond the streamline within watershed
area of Phoukhoun, Laos.
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SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING BASELINE VECTOR DATA (OSM)
Open Street Map is similar to the Wikipedia website for maps. Everyone can contribute to the map by
adding or correcting new points, lines and polygons of interest. With a GPS receiver and open-source
software you are ready to upload your GPS tracks to the web mapping service. Due to this concept, you
must have several things in mind: It is made by volunteers and it is not error free and/or consistent as you
might expect from other sources. Everyone has the right to add, correct and remove it. It is a fast-growing
dataset and can be easily updated. The entered data should be 100% from GPS tracks created by people
living in the area. Therefore, local knowledge is a key element of OSM.
The site that you can visit is https://www.openstreetmap.org
To get familiar with the dataset it is advisable to look at the already published data at
www.openstreetmap.org. This interface is similar to http://www.maps.google.com from Google or
http://www.bing.com/maps/ from Microsoft.
● From the OSM data download page: http://extract.bbbike.org/
● Pan the map to Phokhune, Laos
● Type in your email address, Name of the extract as OSM_ Phokhune
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● Then draw a custom bounding polygon over Phokhune, Laos

● Click Extract
BBBike extract allows you to extract areas from Planet.osm in a variety of formats such as Esri shapefile
format. The maximum area size is 24,000,000 square km, or up to 512 MB file size. It takes between 2-7
minutes to extract an area. The email field is required, you will be notified by email if you extract is ready
for download.
How to use the BBBike extract service:
1. Move the map to your desired location.
2. Then click to create the bounding box.
3. Move or resize the bounding box, or add new points to the polygon.
4. Select a Format, enter Your email address and Name of area to extract.
5. Click the extract button. Wait for email notification and download the map.
There are several YouTube tutorials available how to use the BBBike extract service.
Special features
● supports Protocolbuffer Binary Format (PBF) format
● supports OSM XML, compressed with gzip, bzip2 or 7-zip (xz)
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● supports .o5m data format, compressed with gzip or bzip2

● supports Garmin format, with styles for OSM, cycle map, leisure
(freizeitkarte), OpenFietsMap,OpenSeaMap, OpenTopoMap, and BBBike. Routing is enabled
● supports Esri shapefile format
● supports Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) format
● supports Osmand (OBF) format for Android devices
● supports mapsforge (map) format for Android devices
● supports maps.me (omim) format for Android and iOS devices
● supports Navit format for Linux, Windows, Android, OpenMoko Freerunner, Wince, Nokia n800
Internet tables, iPhone, Zaurus
● supports libosmium OPL, GeoJSON, SQLite, Text format
● supports BBBike bbd format for the Perl/Tk app
● planet.osm data updated every week
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It takes between 2-7 minutes to extract an area from planet.osm, depending on the size of the area and
the system load. You will be notified by email if your extract is ready for download. Please follow the
instruction in the email to proceed your request. You will receive an email confirming your requested
OpenStreetMap area 'OSM_ Phokhune' was extracted from planet.osm.
To download the file, please click on the following link:

https://download.bbbike.org/osm/extract/planet_101.532_19.084_86854c92.osm.shp.zip
(if the above link is obsolete, you can try this link)
Once you finish downloading the set of data, you can try to open in QGIS. The file consists of 8 layers
which are places, points, railways, roads, waterways, buildings, land use, and natural area. Please be noted
that the extension of data is based on your polygon that you drew. After that please check the attributes
of the different imported OSM feature classes and organize symbolize data layers as appropriate.
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Distance from Road

Proximity to roads is also considered as a potentially important factor because road construction is usually
accompanied by excavation in some areas and the addition of material to the slope in other areas. This
might result in changes in the slope line or may be accompanied by the creation of artificial slopes or road
cuts that might be affected by landslide activities (Che et al., 2011). Proximity to road were regrouped
into 6 classes as the following methodology.
Displaying Road layer in QGIS
2. Add vector by selecting roads data that you downlaoded from OSM. You need to find out from
the directory “watershed_bou” folder
3. Add vector data and select Watershed layer into the map in order to clip with DEM.
4. Use the clipping process to come up with an area of interest.
Vector > Geoprocessing Tools > Clip…

1. Input layer: roads
2. Overlay layer: LA_phk_wshed_dis (Watershed boudary)
3. Create name and save location to “Road_wshed” folder
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Vector Spatial Analysis (Buffer)
Buffering usually creates two areas: one area that is within a specified distance to selected real world
features and the other area that is beyond. The area that is within the specified distance is called
the buffer zone. A buffer zone is any area that serves the purpose of keeping real world features distant
from one another. Buffer zones are often set up to protect the environment, protect residential and
commercial zones from natural disasters, or to prevent violence. Common types of buffer zones may be
greenbelts between residential and commercial areas, border zones between countries, disaster
protection zones around vulnerable areas or flood protection zones along rivers.
Create Multiple Rings Buffer

● QGIS has an inbuilt option to create single distance buffers around, point, line and polygon
features. However, to generate concentric multi-ring buffers you can use the QGIS plugin tool
named – Multi Ring Buffer.
26
4. In order use get a meter unit, please right click the road layer in table of content and select
“Properties”
5. Focus on the Geometry and Coordinate Reference System, click the drop down list and choose
“WGS84/UTM zone 48N” as the source coordinate system. If you cannot see the given format,
please search for it by clicking “Select CRS”
6. If it does not work, right click on the layer in the table of content and export to the new file. Do
not forget to do the re-projection “WGS84/UTM zone 48N”.
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In the Multiple Ring Buffer settings:
9. We will buffer the distance beyond the road networks for 4 zones:25 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 150 m
10. Select the layer to be buffered “Road_wshed_utm”
11. Active the box that mentions “Dissolve features before buffering”
12. Assign the distances (comma separated) : 25,50,100,150
13. Segments to Approximate to be 100 (the higher the value the more accurately drawn the
resulting buffer object will be)
14. Please note that the unit of this process is “meters” as its projection.
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15. Once done, right click to export and save a feature as a vector layer (ESRI Shapefile) then name it
as “Road_Buffer25_50_100_150m”.
16. Right click to check the attribute table; you will see difference numbers of the road distance.
Road proximity (distance to road network) in the map shows distance from road and other four zones
beyond the road within watershed area of Phoukhoun, Laos.
SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING LAND COVER DATA (SERVIR-ADPC)

Land Cover
Land cover used for this analysis was derived from SERVIR-Mekong program using information provided
by Earth observing satellites and geospatial technologies to manage climate risks.
Regional Land Cover Monitoring System
The regional land cover monitoring system provides a series of annual land cover maps with a multi-
purpose typology for the period of 2000-2017 which includes:
● Highly accurate, high quality regional land cover maps at a 30-meter resolution designed to serve
explicit user-defined objectives.
● Highly consistent maps over time, by using consistent regional classification schemes which
harmonize with land cover typologies from five Lower Mekong countries (22 land cover
categories, which was identified through the regional consultative meeting).
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● Frequently updated (annual or bi annually) maps which leverage advantages of various open
available remote sensing data sources.
The system facilitates the production of custom, high-quality land cover information products to serve a
variety of policy, planning, management, and reporting needs of regional and national institutions in the
Lower Mekong Region. The system leverages the power of Google Earth Engine and relies in most cases
on field observations and the interpretation of high resolution imagery by stakeholders relevant to a given
project. Once the system has been customized to deliver a given product or set of products, these can be
updated regularly in a structured manner to serve ongoing monitoring needs.
● https://rlcms-servir.adpc.net/en/landcover/
Step 1: Set your area of interest

● Look at the tab from the left side focusing on “Land Cover Map Opacity” then reduce from 100 to
0 in order to see the basemap clearly.
● Zoom into the area of interest which is a watershed in Phou Khune, Laos.
Step 2: Download Land cover data

● Look at the tab on the right side and draw the area of interest. You can select any kind of options.
Please make sure that your polygon covers the watershed area.
● After drawing the polygon, click “Download Data Typology”. In drop-down list, select “Get
Download Link” which is the easiest option to download.
● Rename and find out the location to save this layer. Note that the data will be automatically
downloaded in the raster format under the zip file.
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● Continue downloading the legend of land cover by selecting “download Typology Values (CSV)”
that you will also see from drop-down list.
● Once it is done, unzip the data in your folder and open in QGIS.
Displaying Land Cover layer in QGIS

Use the clipping process to come up with an area of interest.
● Raster > Extraction > Clip Raster by Mask Layer…

● Input layer: Landcover
● Mask layer: LA_phk_wshed_dis (Watershed boudary)
● Create name and save location to “LandCover_wshed” folder
Land Cover Classification

● Work with the symbology of landcover layer.
● Right click the layer and select “Properties” then select “Pelleted/Unique values” for the Band
Rendering and click “Classify”
● Label the values based on the csv file to see the different types of landcover.
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SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING LITHOGY DATA (ONE GEOLOGY PORTAL)

OneGeology portal allows you to discover all the services that have been registered with OneGeology. You
can view all those that return image output on a map of the world and can query the data behind those
that provide that ability. In addition, some services allow you to highlight areas satisfying some simple
query criteria on the age or lithology of mapped geological units.
A brief overview of the OneGeology Portal and its potential uses
• The portal can be accessed using most common internet browsers.

• Basic map data visible in the OneGeology Portal is called a WMS (Web Map Service)
• Detailed map data and information in the OneGeology Portal is called a WFS (Web Feature
Service) which are types of ‘GeoSciML’, a computer interoperable data exchange language.
• This language is designed in a format that can be used in a wide variety of desktop programs
such as ArcMap, Gaia from Carbontools, and NASA World Wind.
• OneGeology aims to use Free and Open Source software wherever possible.
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• All OneGeology data can be viewed via the Portal: http://portal.onegeology.org

• The data is “served” directly from the provider organization.
• The provider organization retains full ownership and responsibility and is able to change or
modify data whenever necessary.
• Where the provider is unable to serve the data (e.g. due to lack of computer technology), the
OneGeology buddy system is in place to provide the technology necessary to serve the data to
the web.
Get started by opening the OneGeology portal and following the steps below:
Step 1. Add a geology map for a country to the world background map
• Click the button to display a list of available countries
• Tick the checkbox for the map you want to display

• Click close to return to the world background map displaying your selected geology map.
Step 2. Moving around the world background map
There are four key tools to help you move around the world background map:
Zoom in – click on this image and then click on the world background map to zoom in cantered on
the clicked location.
Zoom out – click on this image and then click on the world background map to zoom out cantered
on the clicked location
Move around the map –move to a different area (north, west, etc)
View the whole world background map again – click this image to start again with a view of the full
world background map
Step 3. Viewing the specific area (In this case, we focus in Laos Area)
• Click the button and you can select a thematic to display a list of the added
geology layers.
• Choose your area from the Geographic area
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• Select Asia > South-eastern Asia > Laos. Then, click active on the box of Laos: 1:1 M Bedrock
Lithology and click “Add selected layers”
• The Lithology map will appear on your right.

• Drag the slider bar associated with a layer to change its opacity so that it is possible to see
through a layer to underlying layers where they overlap.
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• Check legend and metadata of the map
Step 4. Viewing data in Google Earth

Data from the OneGeology Portal can be viewed in Google Earth.
▪ Click the button to create a KML file that can be read by Google Earth
▪ Enter a filename and click KML (google earth) to create a KML file containing the geology maps
you added to the OneGeology Portal
▪ Once the KML file has been created you can save it or choose to immediately open the data in
Google Earth
Lithology Classification
● Before displaying the different classes, open the attribute table to see a variety of fields.
● Choose what kind of data that you would like to show. In this case, you will need to select the
major code.
● Work with the symbology of lithology layer.

● Right click the layer and select “Properties” then select “Categorized” and click “Classify”
● Delete the extra data which does not contain the number.
● Change the color ramp based on your preference and click OK.
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● Label the major code in each polygon in order to see clearly.

● Click “Labels” in the Layer Properties and choose a particular filed from the drop down list. Label
with “1.2 MAJORCODE” then change the size or format of the character and click OK.
● You will be able to see the Lithology map with the major codes displaying.
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The Lithology types in Phoukhoun are dominated by Sedimentary rocks, Intermediate volcanic rocks, and
Felsic to intermediate plutonic rocks. The map is classified into 8 classes based on the major codes. Some
of the rocks are classified in difference ages which are Carboniferous, Carboniferous to Permian,
Devonian, Jurassic to Cretaceous, Permian, and Silurian to Devonian. This data is derived from
OneGeology Portal which originates from the Geological Map provided by CCOP - Coordinating Committee
for Geoscience Programs (last updated, 2013).
SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING GEOLOGY DATA

(USGS SCIENCE FOR CHANGING THE WORLD)
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. The
scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural
hazards that threaten it. The organization's work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and
hydrology. USGS also covers various data globally including the geological data. In the specific theme of
geology, the platform provides ‘Geology - Mineral Resources Online Spatial Data’. Visit the site here:
https://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/
Step 1. Scroll down from the homepage and find World Geology. Click “General geologic map of the
world”
Step 2. Copy the URL of the Web Map Service of the geologic map. The link is in here:
https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/gscworld
37
Step 4.Connect the WMS to the QGIS.
● Right click on the WFS/OGC API - Features that are located in the browser (left panel of the main
window).
● Click ‘New Connection’.
● Create a New WFS Connection. Type the name : USGS - geology - global
● Paste the URL from the USGS website. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/gscworld . Click OK
38
Step 5. Show and display the vector of global geological data. The data will consist of contacts, flt, and
geology. Double click to the ‘geology’ to display the file to the main console. The data is quite large, thus
it takes time to be loaded.
Displaying Geology layer in QGIS

● The ‘geology’ data is already displayed
● Add vector data “LA_phk_wshed_dis”
● Using a clipping process to get the geology within the watershed area.
Vector > Geoprocessing Tools > Clip

1. Input layer: geology
2. Overlay layer: LA_phk_wshed_dis (Watershed boudary)
3. Create name and save location to “Geology_wshed” folder
4. Click “RUN”
39
This is the result of geology data clipped with the watershed area.
Geology Classification
● Before displaying the different classes, open the attribute table to see a variety of fields.
● Choose what kind of data that you would like to show. In this case, you will need to select the
‘rxtyp’.
40
● Work with the symbology of geology layer.

● Right click the layer and select “Properties” then select “Categorized” and click “Classify”
● Select “rxtyp” field to show in the map.
● Delete the extra data which does not contain the value.
● Change the color ramp based on your preference and click OK
● Label the major code in each polygon in order to see clearly.

● Click “Labels” in the Layer Properties and choose a particular field from the drop-down list. Label
with “rxtyp” then change the size or format of the character and click OK.
41
● You will be able to see the geology map with the label attached
The map is classified into 3 classes of sedimentary rocks, crystalline metamorphic rocks, and sedimentary
and volcanic rocks. Some of the rocks are classified in different ages which are Mesozoic and Paleozoic.
Note that the data is derived from the “open-source data”. There are several different platforms to
acquire the geological data. We would recommend using better resolution data if available from different
sources.
----------------------- End of the Exercise ------------------------------
42

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ASEAN Project on Disaster Risk Reduction

by Integrating Climate Change Projection

QGIS Training Manual

Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF)

Components of Q-GIS User Interface

Detailed explanations of these features.

GETTING FAMILIAR WITH Q-GIS

● Navigation Tools (Pan, Zoom)

SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING SRTM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL FOR

● Register your account at EarthExplorer EROS system at http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

SRTM 1 Arc Sec (30 m) Digital Elevation Model

Step 1: Set your area of interest

The result will be three option

Click the third option : Phoukhoun ; Populated Places

Step 2: Select your data to download in the “Data Sets” tab

Step 3: Download free DEM in the “Results” tab

Displaying DEM in QGIS

3. Use the clipping process to come up with an area of interest.

Raster > Extraction > Clip Raster by Mask Layer…

1. Input layer: DEM_phk (DEM)

Raster > Analysis > Slope

1. Input layer: Dem_phk_wshed

Raster > Analysis > Aspect

Distance from Stream

Hydrology Analysis Process

Displaying Stream layer in QGIS

Vector Spatial Analysis (Buffer)

Create Multiple Rings Buffer

In the Multiple Ring Buffer settings:

SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING BASELINE VECTOR DATA (OSM)

● Then draw a custom bounding polygon over Phokhune, Laos

● supports .o5m data format, compressed with gzip or bzip2

To download the file, please click on the following link:

Distance from Road

Displaying Road layer in QGIS

4. Use the clipping process to come up with an area of interest.

Vector > Geoprocessing Tools > Clip…

Vector Spatial Analysis (Buffer)

Create Multiple Rings Buffer

In the Multiple Ring Buffer settings:

SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING LAND COVER DATA (SERVIR-ADPC)

Step 1: Set your area of interest

Step 2: Download Land cover data

Displaying Land Cover layer in QGIS

● Raster > Extraction > Clip Raster by Mask Layer…

Land Cover Classification

SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING LITHOGY DATA (ONE GEOLOGY PORTAL)

• The portal can be accessed using most common internet browsers.

• All OneGeology data can be viewed via the Portal: http://portal.onegeology.org

• Click the button to display a list of available countries

• Tick the checkbox for the map you want to display

• The Lithology map will appear on your right.

• Check legend and metadata of the map

Step 4. Viewing data in Google Earth

● Work with the symbology of lithology layer.

● Label the major code in each polygon in order to see clearly.

SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING GEOLOGY DATA

Step 4.Connect the WMS to the QGIS.